De caeco nato (olim sub auctore Joanne Chrysostomo)

On zeal and piety, and on the man blind from birth. 1. The word of God is a fountain of light; for, being full of light and shining forth with light, it illuminates and shines around the minds of the faithful. For it shines from itself and in itself, and it enlightens those who enjoy it; and not only does it illuminate the mind of the faithful, but it also bestows the name of light. For the divine Scripture rightly calls those who are companions of ignorance and live with unbelief, darkness, not receiving the lamp of truth, that they might be sons of light. For this reason the divine apostle Paul also says: We are not sons of night, nor of darkness, but sons of light and of day. And truly we are sons of light, we who are of the evangelical word spoken through the mouth of God; For I am, says Christ, the light of the world; he who follows me will not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life. For that is a word of light, which if it is believed by us, prepares one to become a son of light. Whence also the Savior says: While you have the light, believe in the light, that you may become sons of light. For as this sensible light is to bodies, so is the intellectual word of God to souls; and what darkness is in the night, this is ignorance in wandering souls. For this reason also the blessed David writes concerning such, saying: They have not known, nor understood; they walk on in darkness. Thus, therefore, God calls the synagogue, which is immersed in ignorance and unwilling to look up to the knowledge of spiritual teaching, night, on account of the ignorance that dwells with it. For when God said to the Jews through the prophet: I have likened your mother to the night; and interpreting what kind of night he means, similar to darkness, he added: My people are like a people that have no knowledge. For this reason, They have not known, nor understood; they walk on in night. But they are thus; but those who have received the light of Christ's teaching, such are made light. For our God is light; and his Word, impassibly begotten of him before the ages, is called light; and the holy and consubstantial and life-creating Spirit, is light. Light, and light, and light; but one light; and the soul that has received the word is called light. But God is by nature a three-personed light, while we are so by participation in him; and again, our Lord Jesus Christ himself is light, concerning whom the evangelist John says: That was the true Light, which lightens every man that comes into the world. But being light from ineffable light, he also sends forth the law full of light, according to the prophet who says: Your law is a lamp to my feet, and a light to my paths. The soul, therefore, having received the luminous word of truth, is itself made light, and hears from Paul: For you were sometimes darkness, but now are you light in the Lord. And when the mind receives the evangelical light, it is called light according to faith; and likewise also according to works. For, he says, Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven. For it is necessary for one who has received the light of faith to come also to works of light. And not only must the soul of the faithful be light, but it must also shine before men by its works; for this reason the Savior also says: Let your light shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven. And behold the wondrous thing; for the light from God is simple, but it has different rays not in nature, but in its energies; and the shining teaching of God is sent upon every faithful soul, according to what is said: And let the

De caeco nato (olim sub auctore Joanne Chrysostomo)

Περὶ ζήλου καὶ εὐσεβείας, καὶ εἰς τὸν ἐκ γενετῆς τυφλόν. αʹ. Πηγὴ φωτὸς ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ λόγος· φωτὸς γὰρ γέμων, καὶ φωτὸς ἐκλάμπων, φωτίζει καὶ περιαστράπτει τὰς τῶν πιστῶν διανοίας. Αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ἐν ἑαυτῷ λάμπει, καὶ τοὺς ἀπολαύοντας αὐτοῦ καταυγάζει· καὶ οὐ μόνον φωτίζει τῶν πιστῶν τὴν διάνοιαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὄνομα φωτὸς χαρίζεται. Ἡ γὰρ θεία Γραφὴ τοὺς τῇ ἀγνοίᾳ συντρόφους ὄντας, καὶ τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ συζῶντας, δικαίως ὀνομάζει σκότος, μὴ δεχομένους τὴν λαμπάδα τῆς ἀληθείας, ἵνα ὦσιν υἱοὶ φωτός. ∆ιὰ τοῦτό φησι καὶ ὁ θεῖος ἀπόστολος Παῦλος· Οὐκ ἐσμὲν υἱοὶ νυκτὸς, οὐδὲ σκότους, ἀλλ' υἱοὶ φωτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας. Καὶ ὡς ἀληθῶς υἱοὶ φωτός ἐσμεν οἱ τοῦ εὐαγγελικοῦ λόγου τοῦ λαληθέντος διὰ στόματος Θεοῦ· Ἐγὼ γάρ εἰμι, φησὶν ὁ Χριστὸς, τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου· ὁ ἀκολουθῶν ἐμοὶ, οὐ μὴ περιπατήσει ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ, ἀλλ' ἕξει τὸ φῶς τῆς ζωῆς. Ἐκεῖνος γὰρ λόγος ἐστὶ φωτὸς, ὃς ἐὰν πιστευθῇ παρ' ἡμῶν, υἱὸς φωτὸς παρασκευάζει γενέσθαι. Ὅθεν φησὶ καὶ ὁ Σωτήρ· Ἕως τὸ φῶς ἔχετε, πιστεύετε εἰς τὸ φῶς, ἵνα υἱοὶ φωτὸς γένησθε. Ὡς γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν σωμάτων τὸ αἰσθητὸν τὸ τοῦτο φῶς, οὕτως ἐπὶ τῶν ψυχῶν ὁ νοερὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ λόγος· καὶ ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ τὸ σκότος, τοῦτο ἐν ταῖς πεπλανημέναις ψυχαῖς ἡ ἄγνοια. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ μακάριος ∆αυῒδ περὶ τῶν τοιούτων γράφει, λέγων· Οὐκ ἔγνωσαν, οὐδὲ συνῆκαν· ἐν σκότει διαπορεύονται. Οὕτως οὖν καὶ τὴν συναγωγὴν ὁ Θεὸς τὴν ἀγνοίᾳ βεβαπτισμένην, καὶ μὴ βουλομένην ἀνανεῦσαι πρὸς τὴν γνῶσιν τῆς πνευματικῆς διδασκαλίας, νύκτα καλεῖ, διὰ τὴν συζῶσαν αὐτῇ ἄγνοιαν. Ὅτε γὰρ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις ὁ Θεὸς ἔλεγε διὰ τοῦ προφήτου· Νυκτὶ ὡμοίωσα τὴν μητέρα ὑμῶν· καὶ ἑρμηνεύων ὁποίαν λέγει νύκτα ὁμοίαν σκότους, ἐπήγαγεν· Ὡμοιώθη ὁ λαός μου λαῷ μὴ ἔχοντι γνῶσιν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο Οὐκ ἔγνωσαν, οὐδὲ συνῆκαν· ἐν νυκτὶ διαπορεύονται. Ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνοι μὲν οὕτως· οἱ δὲ τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ διδασκαλίας δεξάμενοι τὸ φῶς, οἱ τοιοῦτοι φῶς ἀποτελοῦνται. Ἔστι γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν φῶς· καὶ ὁ Λόγος αὐτοῦ ὁ ἐξ αὐτοῦ πρὸ αἰώνων ἀπαθῶς γεννηθεὶς, φῶς λέγεται· καὶ τὸ ἅγιον καὶ ὁμοούσιον καὶ ζωαρχικὸν Πνεῦμα, φῶς. Φῶς, καὶ φῶς, καὶ φῶς· ἀλλ' ἓν φῶς· καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ ἡ δεξαμένη τὸν λόγον, φῶς ὀνομάζεται. Ἀλλ' ὁ μὲν Θεὸς φύσει τρισυπόστατον φῶς, ἡμεῖς δὲ κατὰ μετουσίαν ἐκείνου· καὶ πάλιν αὐτὸς ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς φῶς, περὶ οὗ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς Ἰωάννης φησίν· Ἦν τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινὸν, ὃ φωτίζει πάντα ἄνθρωπον ἐρχόμενον εἰς τὸν κόσμον. Ἀλλὰ φῶς ὑπάρχων ἐκ φωτὸς ἀῤῥήτου, καὶ τὸν νόμον διαπέμπεται φωτὸς γέμοντα, κατὰ τὸν προφήτην τὸν λέγοντα· Λύχνος τοῖς ποσί μου ὁ νόμος σου, καὶ φῶς ταῖς τρίβοις μου. ∆εξαμένη τοίνυν ἡ ψυχὴ τῆς ἀληθείας τὸν φωτεινὸν λόγον, καὶ αὐτὴ φῶς ἀποτελεῖται, καὶ ἀκούει παρὰ τοῦ Παύλου· Ἦτε γάρ ποτε σκότος, νυνὶ δὲ φῶς ἐν Κυρίῳ. Ὅταν δὲ δέξηται ἡ διάνοια τὸ φῶς τὸ εὐαγγελικὸν, καὶ κατὰ τὴν πίστιν φῶς ὀνομάζεται· ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα. Λαμψάτω γὰρ, φησὶ, τὸ φῶς ὑμῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὅπως ἴδωσιν ὑμῶν τὰ καλὰ ἔργα, καὶ δοξάσωσι τὸν Πατέρα ὑμῶν τὸν ἐν οὐρανοῖς. Ἀνάγκη γὰρ τὸν δεξάμενον φῶς πίστεως ἐλθεῖν καὶ εἰς ἔργα φωτός. Οὐ μόνον δὲ εἶναι δεῖ τοῦ πιστοῦ τὴν ψυχὴν φῶς, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα λάμπειν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων· διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Σωτήρ φησι· Λαμψάτω φῶς ὑμῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὅπως ἴδωσιν ὑμῶν τὰ καλὰ ἔργα, καὶ δοξάσωσι τὸν Πατέρα ὑμῶν τὸν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. Καὶ ὅρα τὸ θαυμαστόν· τὸ μὲν γὰρ ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ φῶς ἁπλοῦν ἐστιν, ἀκτῖνας δὲ διαφόρους ἔχει οὐ τῇ φύσει, ἀλλὰ ταῖς ἐνεργείαις· καὶ πέμπεται μὲν ἡ λάμπουσα τοῦ Θεοῦ διδασκαλία ἐπὶ πᾶσαν πιστὴν ψυχὴν, κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον· Καὶ ἔστω ἡ