Letter CCXLV.

To Possidius,1575    Possidius, a disciple of Augustin, spoken of in Letter CI. sec. 1, p. 412 was the Bishop of Calama who made the narrow escape recorded in Letter XCI. sec. 8, p. 379. He was for forty years an intimate friend of Augustin, was with him at his death, and wrote his biography.My Most Beloved Lord and Venerable Brother and Partner in the Sacerdotal Office, and to the Brethren Who are with Him, Augustin and the Brethren Who are with Him Send Greeting in the Lord.

1. It requires more consideration to decide what to do with those who refuse to obey you, than to discover how to show them that things which they do are unlawful. Meanwhile, however, the letter of your Holiness has come upon me when I am exceedingly pressed with business, and the very hasty departure of the bearer has made it necessary for me to write you in reply, but has not given me time to answer as I ought to have done in regard to the matters on which you have consulted me. Let me say, however, in regard to ornaments of gold and costly dress, that I would not have you come to a precipitate decision in the way of forbidding their use, except in the case of those who, neither being married nor intending to marry, are bound to consider only how they may please God. But those who belong to the world have also to consider how they may in these things please their wives if they be husbands, their husbands if they be wives;1576    1 Cor. vii. 32–34. with this limitation, that it is not becoming even in married women to uncover their hair, since the apostle commands women to keep their heads covered.1577    1 Cor. xi. 5–13. As to the use of pigments by women in colouring the face, in order to have a ruddier or a fairer complexion, this is a dishonest artifice, by which I am sure that even their own husbands do not wish to be deceived; and it is only for their own husbands that women ought to be permitted to adorn themselves, according to the toleration, not the injunction, of Scripture. For the true adorning, especially of Christian men and women, consists not only in the absence of all deceitful painting of the complexion, but in the possession not of magnificent golden ornaments or rich apparel, but of a blameless life.

2. As for the accursed superstition of wearing amulets (among which the earrings worn by men at the top of the ear on one side are to be reckoned), it is practised with the view not of pleasing men, but of doing homage to devils. But who can expect to find in Scripture express prohibition of every form of wicked superstition, seeing that the apostle says generally, “I would not that ye should have fellowship with devils,”1578    1 Cor. x. 20. and again, “What concord hath Christ with Belial?”1579    2 Cor. vi. 15. unless, perchance, the fact that he named Belial, while he forbade in general terms fellowship with devils, leaves it open for Christians to sacrifice to Neptune, because we nowhere read an express prohibition of the worship of Neptune! Meanwhile, let those unhappy people be admonished that, if they persist in disobedience to salutary precepts, they must at least forbear from defending their impieties, and thereby involving themselves in greater guilt. But why should we argue at all with them if they are afraid to take off their earrings, and are not afraid to receive the body of Christ while wearing the badge of the devil?

As to ordaining a man who was baptized in the Donatist sect, I cannot take the responsibility of recommending you to do this; it is one thing for you to do it if you are left without alternative, it is another thing for me to advise that you should do it.

EPISTOLA CCXLV . Augustinus Possidio, de cultu, fucis et inauribus, et de non ordinando quodam in parte Donati baptizato.

Domino dilectissimo, et venerabili fratri et consacerdoti POSSIDIO, et qui tecum sunt fratribus, AUGUSTINUS, et qui mecum sunt fratres, in Domino salutem.

1. Magis quid agas cum eis qui obtemperare nolunt, cogitandum est, quam quemadmodum eis ostendas non licere quod faciunt. Sed nunc epistola Sanctitatis tuae, et occupatissimum me reperit, et celerrimus bajuli reditus neque non rescribere tibi, neque ad ea quae consuluisti, ita ut oportet, respondere permisit. Nolo tamen de ornamentis auri vel vestis praeproperam habeas in prohibendo sententiam, nisi in eos qui neque conjugati, neque conjugari cupientes, cogitare debent quomodo placeant Deo. Illi autem cogitant quae sunt mundi, quomodo placeant vel viri uxoribus, vel mulieres maritis (I Cor. VII, 32-34). Nisi quod capillos nudare feminas, quas etiam caput velare Apostolus jubet (I Cor. XI, 5-13), nec maritatas decet. Fucari autem pigmentis, quo vel rubicundior vel candidior appareat, adulterina fallacia est, qua non dubito etiam ipsos maritos se nolle decipi, quibus solis permittendae sunt feminae ornari, secundum veniam, non secundum imperium. Nam verus ornatus maxime Christianorum et Christianarum, non tantum nullus fucus mendax, verum ne auri quidem vestisque pompa, sed mores boni sunt.

2. Exsecranda autem superstitio ligaturarum, in quibus etiam inaures virorum in summis ex una parte 1061 auriculis suspensae deputantur, non ad placendum hominibus, sed ad serviendum daemonibus adhibetur. Quis autem possit speciales nefariarum superstitionum prohibitiones in Scripturis invenire, cum generaliter Apostolus dicat, Nolo vos socios fieri daemoniorum (I Cor. X, 20)? et iterum, Quae enim consonantia Christi ad Belial (II Cor. VI, 15)? Nisi forte quia Belial nominavit, et generalem societatem daemoniorum prohibuit, licet Christianis sacrificare Neptuno, quia nihil proprie de Neptuno vetitum legimus! Moneantur interim miseri, ut si obtemperare nolunt praeceptis salubrioribus, saltem sacrilegia sua non defendant, ne majori se scelere implicent. Quid autem cum eis agendum sit, si solvere inaures timent, et corpus Christi cum signo diaboli accipere non timent? De ordinando autem qui in parte Donati baptizatus est, auctor tibi esse non possum: aliud est enim facere si cogaris, aliud consulere ut facias.