On the Good of Widowhood.

 Augustin the Bishop, servant of Christ, and of the servants of Christ, unto the religious handmaiden of God, Juliana, in the Lord of lords health.

 2. Whereas, therefore, in every question, which relates to life and conduct, not only teaching, but exhortation also is necessary in order that by te

 3. Therefore (thus) saith the Apostle, the teacher of the Gentiles, the vessel of election, “But I say unto the unmarried and the widows, that it is g

 4. Lo, there is your good compared to that good, which the Apostle calls his own, if faith be present: yea, rather, because faith is present. Short is

 5. Wherefore also when he was advising married persons not to defraud one another of the due of carnal intercourse lest, by this means, the one of th

 6. Wherefore this in the first place you ought to know, that by the good, which you have chosen, second marriages are not condemned, but are set in lo

 7. But whereas the Apostle, when commending the fruit of unmarried men and women, in that they have thought of the things of the Lord, how to please G

 8. Whence, also, what the Apostle Paul said of the unmarried woman, “that she may be holy both in body and spirit ” we are not so to understand, as th

 9. Learn, therefore, that thy good, yea, rather, remember what thou hast learned, that thy good is more praised, because there is another good than wh

 10. Nor, because I called Ruth blessed, Anna more blessed, in that the former married twice, the latter, being soon widowed of her one husband, so liv

 11. But thou who both hast sons, and livest in that end of the world, wherein now is the time not of casting stones, but of gathering not of embracin

 12. But since, as the Lord saith, “Not all receive this word ” therefore let her who can receive it, receive it and let her, who containeth not, marr

 13. Wherefore they who say that the marriages of such are not marriages, but rather adulteries, seem not to me to consider with sufficient acuteness a

 14. Wherefore I cannot indeed say, of females who have fallen away from a better purpose, in case they shall have married, that they are adulteries, n

 15. Men are wont to move a question concerning a third or fourth marriage, and even more numerous marriages than this. On which to make answer strictl

 16. For that also is no foolish question which is wont to be proposed, that whoso can may say, which widow is to be preferred in desert whether one w

 17. Let us therefore set before our eyes three widows, each having one of the things, the whole of which were in her: let us suppose one who had had o

 18. No one indeed of these six widows could come up to your standard. For you, in case that you shall have maintained this vow even unto old age, maye

 19. These discussions, therefore, concerning the different deserts of married women, and of different widows, I would not in this work enter upon, if,

 20. Wherefore, forasmuch as in the beginning of this little work I had proposed certain two necessary matters, and had undertaken to follow them out

 21. These things I am compelled to admonish by reason of certain little discourses of some men, that are to be shunned and avoided, which have begun t

 22. Now it has been my wish on this account to say something on this subject, by reason of certain of our brethren most friendly and dear to us, and w

 23. If, therefore, you had not as yet vowed unto God widowed continence, we would assuredly exhort you to vow it but, in that you have already vowed

 24. Let the inner ear of the virgin also, thy holy child, hear these things. I shall see how far she goes before you in the Kingdom of That King: it i

 25. The past day returns not hereafter, and after yesterday proceeds to-day, and after to-day will proceed to-morrow and, lo, all times and the thing

 26. Therefore let spiritual delights succeed to the place of carnal delights in holy chastity reading, prayer, psalm, good thought, frequency in good

 27. Indeed in all spiritual delights, which unmarried women enjoy, their holy conversation ought also to be with caution lest haply, though their lif

 28. Go on therefore in your course, and run with perseverance, in order that ye may obtain and by pattern of life, and discourse of exhortation, carr

 29. Next I entreat you, by Him, from Whom ye have both received this gift, and hope for the rewards of this gift, that ye be mindful to set me also in

24. Let the inner ear of the virgin also, thy holy child, hear these things. I shall see65    One ms “to see.” how far she goes before you in the Kingdom of That King: it is another question. Yet ye have found, mother and daughter, Him, Whom by beauty of chastity ye ought to please together, having despised, she all, you second, marriage. Certainly if there were husbands whom ye had to please, by this time, perhaps, you would feel ashamed to adorn yourself together with your daughter; now let it not shame you, to set yourselves to do what may adorn you both together; because it is not matter of blame, but of glory, that ye be loved both together by That One. But white and red, feigned and laid on with paints, ye would not use, even if ye had husbands; not thinking that they were fit persons for you to deceive, or yourselves such as ought to deceive; now therefore That King, Who had longed for the beauty of His Only Spouse, of Whom ye are members, do ye with all truth together please, together cleave unto; she with virginal chastity, you with widowed continence, both with spiritual beauty. In which beauty also her grandmother, and your mother-in-law, who by this time surely hath grown old, is beautiful together with you. Forsooth whilst charity carries the vigor of this beauty into things that are before, length of years causeth not in it a wrinkle. You have with you a holy aged woman, both in your house and in Christ, whom to consult concerning perseverance; how you are to fight with this or that temptation, what you are to do, that it may be the more easily overcome; what safeguard you are to take, that it may not easily again lay wait; and if there be any thing of this sort, she teaches you, who is now by time fixed, by love a well-wisher, by natural affection full of cares, by age secure. Do you specially, do you in such things consult her, who hath made trial of what you have made trial of. For your child sings that song,66    Rev. xiv. 3, 4. [See R.V.] which in the Apocalypse none save virgins can sing. But for both of you she prays more carefully than for herself, but she is more full of care for her granddaughter, for whom there remains a longer space of years to overcome temptations; but you she sees nearer to her own age, and mother of a daughter of such an age, as that, had you seen her married, (which now is not lawful, and far be it from her,) I think you would have blushed to bear children together with her. How much then is it that now remains to you of a dangerous age, who are on this account not called a grandmother, in order that together with your daughter you may be fruitful in offspring of holy thoughts and works? Therefore not without reason is the grandmother more full of care for her, for whom you also the mother; because both what she hath vowed is greater, and the whole of what she hath just now begun remains to her. May the Lord hear her prayers, that ye may holily follow her good deserts, Who in youth gave birth to the flesh of your husband,67    Olibrius, see S. Jerome to Demetr. Ben. ed. in old age travaileth with the heart of your daughter. Therefore do ye all, alike and with one accord, by conduct please, by prayers press upon, That One Husband of One Wife, in Whose Body by One Spirit ye are living.

24. Audiat haec virginis etiam sanctae prolis tuae auris interior. Videro quantum te praecedat in regno Regis illius: alia quaestio est. Invenistis tamen, mater et filia, cui contemptis nuptiis, illa omnibus, tu secundis, pulchritudine castitatis simul placere debeatis. Certe si mariti essent quibus placendum esset, jam te fortasse cum filia puderet ornari: nunc non pudeat agere quibus simul ornemini; quia non est criminosum, sed potius gloriosum, ut ab illo uno simul amemini. Simulatum autem candorem ac ruborem et pigmentis illitum non adhiberetis, etiamsi viros haberetis; non putantes dignos quos falleretis, nec vos quae fallere deberetis: nunc ergo illi Regi, qui unicae sponsae, cujus membra estis, speciem concupivit, veraciter simul placete, simul inhaerete; illa integritate virginali, tu continentia viduali, ambae pulchritudine spirituali. In qua pulchritudine etiam illius avia, socrus tua, quae jam certe senuit, est pulchra vobiscum . Vigorem quippe hujus pulchritudinis dum extendit in anteriora charitas, rugam in ea non facit annositas. Habetis vobiscum anum sanctam et in domo et in Christo, quam de perseverantia consulatis; quomodo cum illa vel illa tentatione pugnandum sit, quid agendum ut facile superetur, quod munimentum sumendum, ne facile rursus insidietur: et si quid hujusmodi est, docet vos diuturnitate jam certa, amore benevola, pietate sollicita, aetate secura. Tu praecipue, tu consule in talibus eam, quae experta est quod experta es. Nam proles vestra illud canticum cantat, quod in Apocalypsi nisi virgines cantare non possunt (Apoc. XIV, 3, 4). Pro ambabus tamen vobis sollicitius orat quam pro se ipsa: sed magis pro nepte sollicita est, cui vincendarum tentationum spatium plus restat annorum: te autem videt aevo suo viciniorem, et ejus filiae matrem, quam si nuptam, quod jam non licet, atque absit, vidisses, puto quod parere cum illa erubuisses. Quantum est ergo quod jam tibi periculosae restat aetatis, quae ideo non diceris avia, ut sanctarum cogitationum et operum fetibus cum filia possis esse fecunda? Non itaque immerito magis pro illa sollicita est avia, pro qua et tu mater: quia et majus est quod vovit, et totum ei restat quod modo coepit . Exaudiat Dominus preces ejus, ut sanctae obsequamini meritis ejus, quae carnem 0447 viri tui in juventa peperit, cor filiae tuae in senecta parturit. Omnes itaque pariter atque concorditer univiro unius conjugis, in cujus corpore uno spiritu vivitis, placete moribus, instate orationibus.