A Treatise on the Spirit and the Letter,

 Chapter 1 [I.] —The Occasion of Writing This Work A Thing May Be Capable of Being Done, and Yet May Never Be Done.

 Chapter 2 [II.]—The Examples Apposite.

 Chapter 5 [III.]—True Grace is the Gift of the Holy Ghost, Which Kindles in the Soul the Joy and Love of Goodness.

 Chapter 6 [IV.]—The Teaching of Law Without the Life-Giving Spirit is “The Letter that Killeth.”

 Chapter 7 [V.]—What is Proposed to Be Here Treated.

 Chapter 9 [VI].—Through the Law Sin Has Abounded.

 Chapter 11 [VII.]—From What Fountain Good Works Flow.

 Chapter 13 [VIII.]—Keeping the Law The Jews’ Glorying The Fear of Punishment The Circumcision of the Heart.

 Chapter 15 [IX.]—The Righteousness of God Manifested by the Law and the Prophets.

 Chapter 16 [X.]—How the Law Was Not Made for a Righteous Man.

 Chapter 18 [XI.]—Piety is Wisdom That is Called the Righteousness of God, Which He Produces.

 Chapter 19 [XII]—The Knowledge of God Through the Creation.

 Chapter 21 [XIII.]—The Law of Works and the Law of Faith.

 Chapter 23 [XIV.]—How the Decalogue Kills, If Grace Be Not Present.

 Chapter 27 [XV.]—Grace, Concealed in the Old Testament, is Revealed in the New.

 Chapter 28 [XVI]—Why the Holy Ghost is Called the Finger of God.

 Chapter 29 [XVII.]—A Comparison of the Law of Moses and of the New Law.

 Chapter 31 [XVIII.]—The Old Law Ministers Death The New, Righteousness.

 Chapter 32 [XIX.]—The Christian Faith Touching the Assistance of Grace.

 Chapter 35 [XX.]—The Old Law The New Law.

 Chapter 36 [XXI.]—The Law Written in Our Hearts.

 Chapter 37 [XXII.]—The Eternal Reward.

 Chapter 38 [XXIII.]—The Re-Formation Which is Now Being Effected, Compared with the Perfection of the Life to Come.

 Chapter 39 [XXIV]—The Eternal Reward Which is Specially Declared in the New Testament, Foretold by the Prophet.

 Chapter 42 [XXV.]—Difference Between the Old and the New Testaments.

 Chapter 43 [XXVI.]—A Question Touching the Passage in the Apostle About the Gentiles Who are Said to Do by Nature the Law’s Commands, Which They are A

 Chapter 47 [XXVII.]—The Law “Being Done by Nature” Means, Done by Nature as Restored by Grace.

 [XXVIII.] Still, since God’s image has not been so completely erased in the soul of man by the stain of earthly affections, as to have left remaining

 Chapter 50 [XXIX.]—Righteousness is the Gift of God.

 Chapter 52 [XXX.]—Grace Establishes Free Will.

 Chapter 53 [XXXI.]—Volition and Ability.

 Chapter 56.—The Faith of Those Who are Under the Law Different from the Faith of Others.

 Chapter 57 [XXXIII.]—Whence Comes the Will to Believe?

 Chapter 60 [XXXIV.]—The Will to Believe is from God.

 Chapter 61 [XXXV.]—Conclusion of the Work.

 Chapter 64 [XXXVI.]—When the Commandment to Love is Fulfilled.

Chapter 35 [XX.]—The Old Law; The New Law.

The one was therefore old, because the other is new. But whence comes it that one is old and the other new, when the same law, which said in the Old Testament, “Thou shalt not covet,”149    Ex. xx. 17. is fulfilled by the New Testament? “Because,” says the prophet, “they continued not in my covenant, I have also rejected them, saith the Lord.”150    Jer. xxxi. 32. It is then on account of the offence of the old man, which was by no means healed by the letter which commanded and threatened, that it is called the old covenant; whereas the other is called the new covenant, because of the newness of the spirit, which heals the new man of the fault of the old. Then consider what follows, and see in how clear a light the fact is placed, that men who bare faith are unwilling to trust in themselves: “Because,” says he, “this is the covenant which I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the Lord, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts.”151    Jer. xxxi. 33. See how similarly the apostle states it in the passage we have already quoted: “Not in tables of stone, but in fleshy tables of the heart,”152    2 Cor. iii. 3. because “not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God.”153    2 Cor. iii. 3. And I apprehend that the apostle in this passage had no other reason for mentioning “the New Testament” (“who hath made us able ministers of the New Testament; not of the letter, but of the spirit”), than because he had an eye to the words of the prophet, when he said “Not in tables of stone, but in fleshy tables of the heart,” inasmuch as in the prophet it runs: “I will write it in their hearts.”154    Jer. xxxi. 33.

CAPUT XX.

35. Lex vetus. Lex nova. Ergo illud Vetus erat, quia hoc novum est. Unde igitur illud vetus, hoc novum, cum lex eadem impleatur per Testamentum Novum, quae dixit in Vetere, Non concupisces0222 (Exod. XX, 17)? Quia ipsi, inquit, non perseveraverunt in Testamento meo, et ego neglexi eos, dicit Dominus. Ergo propter veteris hominis noxam, quae per litteram jubentem et minantem minime sanabatur, dicitur illud Testamentum vetus; hoc autem novum, propter novitatem spiritus, quae hominem novum sanat a vitio vetustatis. Denique attende quod sequitur, et vide quanta luce fiat perspicuum, quod sibi fidentes nolunt homines intueri: Quia hoc testamentum est, inquit, quod ordinabo domui Israel: Post dies illos, dicit Dominus, dabo leges meas in cor illorum, et in mente eorum scribam eas. Ecce est unde Apostolus ait, quod supra commemoravimus, Non in tabulis lapideis, sed in tabulis cordis; quia non atramento, sed spiritu Dei vivi. Nec ob aliud arbitror in eo loco Apostolum voluisse commemorare Testamentum Novum (ibi quippe ait, Qui et idoneos nos fecit ministros Novi Testamenti, non litterae, sed spiritus [II Cor. III, 3, 6]), nisi quia istam intuebatur prophetiam, cum diceret, Non in tabulis lapideis, sed in tabulis cordis carnalibus: quoniam hic dictum est, In cordibus eorum scribam eas, ubi nominatim promissum est Testamentum Novum.