Homily I.

 1. It is right that any one beginning to narrate the formation of the world should begin with the good order which reigns in visible things. I am abou

 2. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.” I stop struck with admiration at this thought. What shall I first say? Where shall I begin

 3. Do not then imagine, O man! that the visible world is without a beginning and because the celestial bodies move in a circular course, and it is di

 4. One day, doubtless, their terrible condemnation will be the greater for all this worldly wisdom, since, seeing so clearly into vain sciences, they

 5. It appears, indeed, that even before this world an order of things existed of which our mind can form an idea, but of which we can say nothing, bec

 6. Such being the different senses of the word beginning, see if we have not all the meanings here. You may know the epoch when the formation of this

 7. Among arts, some have in view production, some practice, others theory. The object of the last is the exercise of thought, that of the second, the

 8. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.” If we were to wish to discover the essence of each of the beings which are offered for our

 9. Do you suppose that a heavier body prevents the earth from falling into the abyss? Then you must consider that this support needs itself a support

 10. There are inquirers into nature who with a great display of words give reasons for the immobility of the earth. Placed, they say, in the middle of

 11. We might say the same thing of the heavens. With what a noise of words the sages of this world have discussed their nature! Some have said that he

 Homily II.

 1. In the few words which have occupied us this morning we have found such a depth of thought that we despair of penetrating further. If such is the f

 2. But the corrupters of the truth, who, incapable of submitting their reason to Holy Scripture, distort at will the meaning of the Holy Scriptures, p

 3. God created the heavens and the earth, but not only half —He created all the heavens and all the earth, creating the essence with the form. For He

 4. “Darkness was upon the face of the deep.” A new source for fables and most impious imaginations if one distorts the sense of these words at the wil

 5. Do not then go beyond yourself to seek for evil, and imagine that there is an original nature of wickedness. Each of us, let us acknowledge it, is

 6.  And the Spirit of God was borne upon the face of the waters  .

 7.  And God said, Let there be light  .

 8. “  And God called the light Day and the darkness he called Night  .”

 Homily III.

 1. We have now recounted the works of the first day, or rather of one day. Far be it from me indeed, to take from it the privilege it enjoys of having

 2. And God said “Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.” Yesterday we heard God’s decree,

 3. In the second place, does the firmament that is called heaven differ from the firmament that God made in the beginning? Are there two heavens? The

 4. “  And God said, let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. And God made the firmament, and

 5. But let us continue our explanation: “  Let it divide the waters from the waters  .”

 6. Survey creation you will see the power of heat reigning over all that is born and perishes. On account of it comes all the water spread over the e

 7. Therefore we read: “  Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters  .” I have said what the wo

 8. “  And God called the firmament heaven  .”

 9. But as far as concerns the separation of the waters I am obliged to contest the opinion of certain writers in the Church who, under the shadow of h

 10. “  And God saw that it was good  .” God does not judge of the beauty of His work by the charm of the eyes, and He does not form the same idea of b

 Homily IV.

 1. There are towns where the inhabitants, from dawn to eve, feast their eyes on the tricks of innumerable conjurors. They are never tired of hearing d

 2. “  And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear, and it was so  .” And the water

 3. “Let the waters be gathered together.” It was ordered that it should be the natural property of water to flow, and in obedience to this order, the

 4. To say that the waters were gathered in one place indicates that previously they were scattered in many places. The mountains, intersected by deep

 5. And God said: “  Let the waters be gathered together unto one place and let the dry land appear  .” He did not say let the earth appear, so as not

 6. “  And God saw that it was good  .”

 7. Thus, in the eyes of God, the sea is good, because it makes the under current of moisture in the depths of the earth. It is good again, because fro

 Homily V.

 1. “  And God said Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself 

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth grass yielding seed after his kind  .” So that although some kind of grass is of service to animals, even their gain i

 3. Up to this point, the order in which plants shoot bears witness to their first arrangement. Every herb, every plant proceeds from a germ. If, like

 4. What shall I say? What shall I leave unsaid? In the rich treasures of creation it is difficult to select what is most precious the loss of what is

 5. “  Let the earth bring forth grass  .” What spontaneous provision is included in these words,—that which is present in the root, in the plant itsel

 6. “  Let the earth  ,” the Creator adds, “  bring forth the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself 

 7. But let us return to the examination of the ingenious contrivances of creation. How many trees then arose, some to give us their fruits, others to

 8. Plants reproduce themselves in so many different ways, that we can only touch upon the chief among them. As to fruits themselves, who could review

 9. But what need is there to continue, when in the same fig tree we have the most opposite flavours, as bitter in the sap as it is sweet in the fruit?

 10. “  Let the earth bring forth  .” This short command was in a moment a vast nature, an elaborate system. Swifter than thought it produced the count

 Homily VI.

 1. At the shows in the circus the spectator must join in the efforts of the athletes. This the laws of the show indicate, for they prescribe that all

 2. “  And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, and to divide the day from the night  .”

 3. And let no one suppose it to be a thing incredible that the brightness of the light is one thing, and the body which is its material vehicle is ano

 4. “  And let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years  .”

 5. But those who overstep the borders, making the words of Scripture their apology for the art of casting nativities, pretend that our lives depend up

 6. But what effects are produced? Such an one will have curly hair and bright eyes, because he is born under the Ram such is the appearance of a ram.

 7. They do not, however, stop here even our acts, where each one feels his will ruling, I mean, the practice of virtue or of vice, depend, according

 8. Let us return to the words which follow. “Let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and years.” We have spoken about signs. By times, we u

 9. “  And God made two great lights  .”

 10. See again another evident proof of its greatness. Although the heaven may be full of stars without number, the light contributed by them all could

 11. On its variations depends also the condition of the air, as is proved by sudden disturbances which often come after the new moon, in the midst of

 Homily VII.

 1. “  And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life  ” after their kind, “  and fowl that may fly above the e

 2. “Let the waters bring forth moving creatures after their kind.” God caused to be born the firstlings of each species to serve as seeds for nature.

 3. The food of fish differs according to their species. Some feed on mud others eat sea weed others content themselves with the herbs that grow in w

 4. It is not thus with us. Why? Because we incessantly move the ancient landmarks which our fathers have set. We encroach, we add house to house, fiel

 5. I myself have seen these marvels, and I have admired the wisdom of God in all things. If beings deprived of reason are capable of thinking and of p

 6. Let husbands listen as well: here is a lesson for them. The viper vomits forth its venom in respect for marriage and you, will you not put aside t

 Homily VIII.

 1. And God said “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle and creeping things, and beast of the earth after his kind an

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth a living soul  .” Why did the earth produce a living soul? so that you may make a difference between the soul of cattl

 3. There are also innumerable kinds of birds. If we review them all, as we have partly done the fish, we shall find that under one name, the creatures

 4. What a variety, I have said, in the actions and lives of flying creatures. Some of these unreasoning creatures even have a government, if the featu

 5. How shall we make an exact review of all the peculiarities of the life of birds? During the night cranes keep watch in turn some sleep, others mak

 6. It is said that the turtle-dove, once separated from her mate, does not contract a new union, but remains in widowhood, in remembrance of her first

 7. “  Let the waters bring forth the moving creatures that have life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven  .” They r

 8. If we simply read the words of Scripture we find only a few short syllables. “Let the waters bring forth fowl that may fly above the earth in the o

 Homily IX.

 1. How did you like the fare of my morning’s discourse? It seemed to me that I had the good intentions of a poor giver of a feast, who, ambitious of h

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature  .”

 3. “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature  .” Thus when the soul of brutes appeared it was not concealed in the earth, but it was born by th

 4. Virtues exist in us also by nature, and the soul has affinity with them not by education, but by nature herself. We do not need lessons to hate ill

 5. But let us return to the spectacle of creation. The easiest animals to catch are the most productive. It is on account of this that hares and wild

 6. Beasts bear witness to the faith. Hast thou confidence in the Lord? “Thou shalt walk upon the asp and the basilisk and thou shalt trample under fee

3. In the second place, does the firmament that is called heaven differ from the firmament that God made in the beginning? Are there two heavens? The philosophers, who discuss heaven, would rather lose their tongues than grant this. There is only one heaven,  5  Plato said one. πότερον ὀ& 202·ν ὀρθῶς ἕνα ουρανὸυ προειρήκαμεν; ἢ πολλοὺς ἢ ἀπείρους λέγειν ἦν ὀρθότερον; εἴπερ κατὰ τὸ παράδειγμα δεδημιουργημένος ἔσται, τὸ γὰρ περιέχον πάντα ὁπόσα νοητὰ ζῶα, μεθ᾽ ἑτέρον δεύτερον οὐκ ἄν ποτ᾽ εἴη…εἷς ὅδε μονογενὴς οὐρανὸς γεγονὼς ἔστι τε καὶ ἔσται. Plat., Tim. § 11. On the other hand, was the Epicurean doctrine of the ἀπειρία κόσμων, referred to in Luc. i. 73: Ergo vivida vis animi pervicit, et extra Processit longe flammantia mœnia mundi. they pretend; and it is of a nature neither to admit of a second, nor of a third, nor of several others. The essence of the celestial body quite complete constitutes its vast unity. Because, they say, every body which has a circular motion is one and finite. And if this body is used in the construction of the first heaven, there will be nothing left for the creation of a second or a third. Here we see what those imagine who put under the Creator’s hand uncreated matter; a lie that follows from the first fable. But we ask the Greek sages not to mock us before they are agreed among themselves. Because there are among them some who say there are infinite heavens and worlds.  6  So Anaximander (Diog. Laert. ii. 1, 2) and Democritus (Diog. Laert. ix. 44). But, as Fialon points out, the Greek philosophers used κόσμος and οὐρανός as convertible terms: Basil uses οὐρανός of the firmament or sky. When grave demonstrations shall have upset their foolish system, when the laws of geometry shall have established that, according to the nature of heaven, it is impossible that there should be two, we shall only laugh the more at this elaborate scientific trifling. These learned men see not merely one bubble but several bubbles formed by the same cause, and they doubt the power of creative wisdom to bring several heavens into being! We find, however, if we raise our eyes towards the omnipotence of God, that the strength and grandeur of the heavens differ from the drops of water bubbling on the surface of a fountain. How ridiculous, then, is their argument of impossibility! As for myself, far from not believing in a second, I seek for the third whereon the blessed Paul was found worthy to gaze.  7  cf.2 Cor. xii. 2. And does not the Psalmist in saying “heaven of heavens”  8  Ps. cxlvii. 4. give us an idea of their plurality? Is the plurality of heaven stranger than the seven circles through which nearly all the philosophers agree that the seven planets pass,—circles which they represent to us as placed in connection with each other like casks fitting the one into the other? These circles, they say, carried away in a direction contrary to that of the world, and striking the æther, make sweet and harmonious sounds, unequalled by the sweetest melody.  9  “You must conceive it” (the whirl) “to be of such a kind as this: as if in some great hollow whirl, carved throughout, there was such another, but lesser, within it, adapted to it, like casks fitted one within another; and in the same manner a third, and a fourth, and four others, for that the whirls were eight in all, as circles one within another…and that in each of its circles there was seated a siren on the upper side, carried round, and uttering one voice variegated by diverse modulations; but that the whole of them, being eight, composed one harmony.” (Plat., Rep. x. 14, Davies’ Trans.) Plato describes the Fates “singing to the harmony of the Sirens.” Id. On the Pythagorean Music of the Spheres, cf. also Cic., De Divin. i. 3, and Macrobius In Somn: Scip. cf. Shaksp., M. of Ven. v. 1: “There’s not the smallest orb which thou behold’st But in his motion like an angel sings, Still quiring to the young-eyed cherubim.” And Milton, Arcades: “Then listen I To the celestial Sirens’ harmony, That sit upon the nine infolded spheres, And sing to those that hold the vital sheres, And turn the adamantine spindle round On which the fate of gods and men is wound. And if we ask them for the witness of the senses, what do they say? That we, accustomed to this noise from our birth, on account of hearing it always, have lost the sense of it; like men in smithies with their ears incessantly dinned. If I refuted this ingenious frivolity, the untruth of which is evident from the first word, it would seem as though I did not know the value of time, and mistrusted the intelligence of such an audience.

But let me leave the vanity of outsiders to those who are without, and return to the theme proper to the Church. If we believe some of those who have preceded us, we have not here the creation of a new heaven, but a new account of the first. The reason they give is, that the earlier narrative briefly described the creation of heaven and earth; while here scripture relates in greater detail the manner in which each was created. I, however, since Scripture gives to this second heaven another name and its own function, maintain that it is different from the heaven which was made at the beginning; that it is of a stronger nature and of an especial use to the universe.

5 Plato said one. πότερον ὀ& 202·ν ὀρθῶς ἕνα ουρανὸυ προειρήκαμεν; ἢ πολλοὺς ἢ ἀπείρους λέγειν ἦν ὀρθότερον; εἴπερ κατὰ τὸ παράδειγμα δεδημιουργημένος ἔσται, τὸ γὰρ περιέχον πάντα ὁπόσα νοητὰ ζῶα, μεθ᾽ ἑτέρον δεύτερον οὐκ ἄν ποτ᾽ εἴη…εἷς ὅδε μονογενὴς οὐρανὸς γεγονὼς ἔστι τε καὶ ἔσται. Plat., Tim. § 11. On the other hand, was the Epicurean doctrine of the ἀπειρία κόσμων, referred to in Luc. i. 73: Ergo vivida vis animi pervicit, et extra Processit longe flammantia mœnia mundi.
6 So Anaximander (Diog. Laert. ii. 1, 2) and Democritus (Diog. Laert. ix. 44). But, as Fialon points out, the Greek philosophers used κόσμος and οὐρανός as convertible terms: Basil uses οὐρανός of the firmament or sky.
7 cf.2 Cor. xii. 2.
8 Ps. cxlvii. 4.
9 “You must conceive it” (the whirl) “to be of such a kind as this: as if in some great hollow whirl, carved throughout, there was such another, but lesser, within it, adapted to it, like casks fitted one within another; and in the same manner a third, and a fourth, and four others, for that the whirls were eight in all, as circles one within another…and that in each of its circles there was seated a siren on the upper side, carried round, and uttering one voice variegated by diverse modulations; but that the whole of them, being eight, composed one harmony.” (Plat., Rep. x. 14, Davies’ Trans.) Plato describes the Fates “singing to the harmony of the Sirens.” Id. On the Pythagorean Music of the Spheres, cf. also Cic., De Divin. i. 3, and Macrobius In Somn: Scip. cf. Shaksp., M. of Ven. v. 1: “There’s not the smallest orb which thou behold’st But in his motion like an angel sings, Still quiring to the young-eyed cherubim.” And Milton, Arcades: “Then listen I To the celestial Sirens’ harmony, That sit upon the nine infolded spheres, And sing to those that hold the vital sheres, And turn the adamantine spindle round On which the fate of gods and men is wound.

Δεύτερόν ἐστιν ἐξετάσαι, εἰ ἕτερον παρὰ τὸν ἐν ἀρχῇ πεποιημένον οὐρανὸν τὸ στερέωμα τοῦτο, ὃ καὶ αὐτὸ ἐπεκλήθη οὐρανὸς, καὶ εἰ ὅλως οὐρανοὶ δύο: ὅπερ οἱ τὰ περὶ οὐρανοῦ φιλοσοφήσαντες ἕλοιντ' ἂν μᾶλλον τὰς γλώσσας προέσθαι, ἢ ὡς ἀληθὲς παραδέξασθαι. Ἕνα γὰρ ὑποτίθενται οὐρανὸν, καὶ οὐκ ἔχειν αὐτῷ φύσιν, δεύτερον, ἢ τρίτον, ἢ πολλοστὸν προσγενέσθαι, πάσης τῆς οὐσίας τοῦ οὐρανίου σώματος εἰς τὴν τοῦ ἑνὸς σύστασιν ἀπαναλωθείσης, ὡς οἴονται. Ἓν γάρ φασι τὸ κυκλοφορικὸν σῶμα, καὶ τοῦτο πεπερασμένον: ὅπερ εἰ συναπήρτισται τῷ πρώτῳ οὐρανῷ, μηδὲν ὑπολείπεσθαι πρὸς δευτέρου ἢ τρίτου γένεσιν. Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν οἱ ὕλην ἀγέννητον ἐπεισάγοντες τῷ δημιουργῷ φαντάζονται, ἐκ τῆς πρώτης μυθοποιίας πρὸς τὸ ἀκόλουθον ψεῦδος ὑποφερόμενοι: ἡμεῖς δὲ ἀξιοῦμεν τοὺς τῶν Ἑλλήνων σοφοὺς, μὴ πρότερον ἡμᾶς καταχλευάζειν πρὶν τὰ πρὸς ἀλλήλους διάθωνται. Εἰσὶ γὰρ ἐν αὐτοῖς οἳ ἀπείρους οὐρανοὺς καὶ κόσμους εἶναί φασιν, ὧν ὅταν ἀπελέγξωσιν τὸ ἀπίθανον οἱ ἐμβριθεστέραις ταῖς ἀποδείξεσι χρώμενοι, καὶ ταῖς γεωμετρικαῖς ἀνάγκαις συστήσωσι μὴ ἔχειν φύσιν ἄλλον οὐρανὸν γενέσθαι παρὰ τὸν ἕνα, τότε καὶ μᾶλλον καταγελασόμεθα τῆς γραμμικῆς καὶ ἐντέχνου αὐτῶν φλυαρίας, εἴπερ ὁρῶντες πομφόλυγας διὰ τῆς ὁμοίας αἰτίας γινομένας μίαν τε καὶ πολλὰς, εἶτα ἀμφιβάλλουσι περὶ οὐρανῶν πλειόνων, εἰ ἐξαρκεῖ αὐτοὺς ἡ δημιουργικὴ δύναμις παραγαγεῖν εἰς τὸ εἶναι. Ὧν τὴν ἰσχὺν καὶ τὸ μέγεθος οὐδὲν ἡγούμεθα διαφέρειν τῆς κοίλης νοτίδος τῆς ὑπερφυσωμένης ἐν τοῖς κρουνοῖς, ὅταν πρὸς τὴν ὑπεροχὴν τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ δυνάμεως ἀποβλέψωμεν. Ὥστε καταγέλαστος αὐτοῖς ὁ τοῦ ἀδυνάτου λόγος. Ἡμεῖς δὲ τοσοῦτον ἀπέχομεν τῷ δευτέρῳ ἀπιστεῖν, ὅτι καὶ τὸν τρίτον ἐπιζητοῦμεν, οὗ τῆς θέας ὁ μακάριος Παῦλος ἠξιώθη. Ὁ δὲ ψαλμὸς ὀνομάζων οὐρανοὺς οὐρανῶν, καὶ πλειόνων ἡμῖν ἔννοιαν ἐνεποίησε. Οὐ δήπου δὲ ταῦτα παραδοξότερα τῶν ἑπτὰ κύκλων, καθ' ὧν οἱ ἑπτὰ ἀστέρες σχεδὸν παρὰ πάντων συμφώνως ὁμολογοῦνται φέρεσθαι, οὓς καὶ ἐνηρμόσθαι φασὶν ἑτέρῳ τὸν ἕτερον, κατὰ τὴν εἰκόνα τῶν κάδων τῶν εἰς ἀλλήλους ἐμβεβηκότων. Τούτους δὲ τὴν ἐναντίαν τῷ παντὶ φερομένους, περισχιζομένου τοῦ αἰθέρος αὐτοῖς, εὔηχόν τινα καὶ ἐναρμόνιον ἀποδιδόναι φθόγγον, ὥστε πᾶσαν τὴν ἐν μελῳδίαις ἡδονὴν ὑπερβάλλειν. Εἶτα ἐπειδὰν τὴν διὰ τῆς αἰσθήσεως πίστιν οἱ ταῦτα λέγοντες ἀπαιτῶνται, τί φασιν; Ὅτι διὰ τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς συνήθειαν πρὸς τὸν ψόφον ἐκ πρώτης γενέσεως συνεθισθέντες αὐτῷ, ἐκ πολλῆς τῆς περὶ τὸ ἀκούειν μελέτης τὴν αἴσθησιν ἀφῃρήμεθα: ὥσπερ οἱ ἐν τοῖς χαλκείοις συνεχῶς τὰ ὦτα κατακρουόμενοι. Ὧν τὸ σεσοφισμένον καὶ σαθρὸν διελέγχειν, οὕτως ἐναργῶς ἐκ πρώτης ἀκοῆς πᾶσι καταφαινόμενον, οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνδρὸς οὔτε χρόνου εἰδότος φείδεσθαι, οὔτε τῆς συνέσεως τῶν ἀκουόντων στοχαζομένου. Ἀλλὰ τὰ τῶν ἔξωθεν τοῖς ἔξω καταλιπόντες ἡμεῖς ἐπὶ τὸν ἐκκλησιαστικὸν ὑποστρέφομεν λόγον. Εἴρηται μὲν οὖν τισι τῶν πρὸ ἡμῶν, μὴ δευτέρου οὐρανοῦ γένεσιν εἶναι ταύτην, ἀλλ' ἐπεξήγησιν τοῦ προτέρου, διὰ τὸ ἐκεῖ μὲν ἐν κεφαλαίῳ παραδεδόσθαι οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς ποίησιν, ἐνταῦθα δὲ ἐπεξεργαστικώτερον τὸν τρόπον καθ' ὃν ἕκαστον γέγονε τὴν Γραφὴν ἡμῖν παραδιδόναι. Ἡμεῖς δέ φαμεν, ὅτι ἐπειδὴ καὶ ὄνομα ἕτερον καὶ χρεία ἰδιάζουσα τοῦ δευτέρου οὐρανοῦ παραδέδοται, ἕτερός ἐστι παρὰ τὸν ἐν ἀρχῇ πεποιημένον οὗτος, στερεωτέρας φύσεως, καὶ χρείαν ἐξαίρετον τῷ παντὶ παρεχόμενος.