Homily I.

 1. It is right that any one beginning to narrate the formation of the world should begin with the good order which reigns in visible things. I am abou

 2. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.” I stop struck with admiration at this thought. What shall I first say? Where shall I begin

 3. Do not then imagine, O man! that the visible world is without a beginning and because the celestial bodies move in a circular course, and it is di

 4. One day, doubtless, their terrible condemnation will be the greater for all this worldly wisdom, since, seeing so clearly into vain sciences, they

 5. It appears, indeed, that even before this world an order of things existed of which our mind can form an idea, but of which we can say nothing, bec

 6. Such being the different senses of the word beginning, see if we have not all the meanings here. You may know the epoch when the formation of this

 7. Among arts, some have in view production, some practice, others theory. The object of the last is the exercise of thought, that of the second, the

 8. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.” If we were to wish to discover the essence of each of the beings which are offered for our

 9. Do you suppose that a heavier body prevents the earth from falling into the abyss? Then you must consider that this support needs itself a support

 10. There are inquirers into nature who with a great display of words give reasons for the immobility of the earth. Placed, they say, in the middle of

 11. We might say the same thing of the heavens. With what a noise of words the sages of this world have discussed their nature! Some have said that he

 Homily II.

 1. In the few words which have occupied us this morning we have found such a depth of thought that we despair of penetrating further. If such is the f

 2. But the corrupters of the truth, who, incapable of submitting their reason to Holy Scripture, distort at will the meaning of the Holy Scriptures, p

 3. God created the heavens and the earth, but not only half —He created all the heavens and all the earth, creating the essence with the form. For He

 4. “Darkness was upon the face of the deep.” A new source for fables and most impious imaginations if one distorts the sense of these words at the wil

 5. Do not then go beyond yourself to seek for evil, and imagine that there is an original nature of wickedness. Each of us, let us acknowledge it, is

 6.  And the Spirit of God was borne upon the face of the waters  .

 7.  And God said, Let there be light  .

 8. “  And God called the light Day and the darkness he called Night  .”

 Homily III.

 1. We have now recounted the works of the first day, or rather of one day. Far be it from me indeed, to take from it the privilege it enjoys of having

 2. And God said “Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.” Yesterday we heard God’s decree,

 3. In the second place, does the firmament that is called heaven differ from the firmament that God made in the beginning? Are there two heavens? The

 4. “  And God said, let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. And God made the firmament, and

 5. But let us continue our explanation: “  Let it divide the waters from the waters  .”

 6. Survey creation you will see the power of heat reigning over all that is born and perishes. On account of it comes all the water spread over the e

 7. Therefore we read: “  Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters  .” I have said what the wo

 8. “  And God called the firmament heaven  .”

 9. But as far as concerns the separation of the waters I am obliged to contest the opinion of certain writers in the Church who, under the shadow of h

 10. “  And God saw that it was good  .” God does not judge of the beauty of His work by the charm of the eyes, and He does not form the same idea of b

 Homily IV.

 1. There are towns where the inhabitants, from dawn to eve, feast their eyes on the tricks of innumerable conjurors. They are never tired of hearing d

 2. “  And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear, and it was so  .” And the water

 3. “Let the waters be gathered together.” It was ordered that it should be the natural property of water to flow, and in obedience to this order, the

 4. To say that the waters were gathered in one place indicates that previously they were scattered in many places. The mountains, intersected by deep

 5. And God said: “  Let the waters be gathered together unto one place and let the dry land appear  .” He did not say let the earth appear, so as not

 6. “  And God saw that it was good  .”

 7. Thus, in the eyes of God, the sea is good, because it makes the under current of moisture in the depths of the earth. It is good again, because fro

 Homily V.

 1. “  And God said Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself 

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth grass yielding seed after his kind  .” So that although some kind of grass is of service to animals, even their gain i

 3. Up to this point, the order in which plants shoot bears witness to their first arrangement. Every herb, every plant proceeds from a germ. If, like

 4. What shall I say? What shall I leave unsaid? In the rich treasures of creation it is difficult to select what is most precious the loss of what is

 5. “  Let the earth bring forth grass  .” What spontaneous provision is included in these words,—that which is present in the root, in the plant itsel

 6. “  Let the earth  ,” the Creator adds, “  bring forth the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself 

 7. But let us return to the examination of the ingenious contrivances of creation. How many trees then arose, some to give us their fruits, others to

 8. Plants reproduce themselves in so many different ways, that we can only touch upon the chief among them. As to fruits themselves, who could review

 9. But what need is there to continue, when in the same fig tree we have the most opposite flavours, as bitter in the sap as it is sweet in the fruit?

 10. “  Let the earth bring forth  .” This short command was in a moment a vast nature, an elaborate system. Swifter than thought it produced the count

 Homily VI.

 1. At the shows in the circus the spectator must join in the efforts of the athletes. This the laws of the show indicate, for they prescribe that all

 2. “  And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, and to divide the day from the night  .”

 3. And let no one suppose it to be a thing incredible that the brightness of the light is one thing, and the body which is its material vehicle is ano

 4. “  And let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years  .”

 5. But those who overstep the borders, making the words of Scripture their apology for the art of casting nativities, pretend that our lives depend up

 6. But what effects are produced? Such an one will have curly hair and bright eyes, because he is born under the Ram such is the appearance of a ram.

 7. They do not, however, stop here even our acts, where each one feels his will ruling, I mean, the practice of virtue or of vice, depend, according

 8. Let us return to the words which follow. “Let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and years.” We have spoken about signs. By times, we u

 9. “  And God made two great lights  .”

 10. See again another evident proof of its greatness. Although the heaven may be full of stars without number, the light contributed by them all could

 11. On its variations depends also the condition of the air, as is proved by sudden disturbances which often come after the new moon, in the midst of

 Homily VII.

 1. “  And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life  ” after their kind, “  and fowl that may fly above the e

 2. “Let the waters bring forth moving creatures after their kind.” God caused to be born the firstlings of each species to serve as seeds for nature.

 3. The food of fish differs according to their species. Some feed on mud others eat sea weed others content themselves with the herbs that grow in w

 4. It is not thus with us. Why? Because we incessantly move the ancient landmarks which our fathers have set. We encroach, we add house to house, fiel

 5. I myself have seen these marvels, and I have admired the wisdom of God in all things. If beings deprived of reason are capable of thinking and of p

 6. Let husbands listen as well: here is a lesson for them. The viper vomits forth its venom in respect for marriage and you, will you not put aside t

 Homily VIII.

 1. And God said “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle and creeping things, and beast of the earth after his kind an

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth a living soul  .” Why did the earth produce a living soul? so that you may make a difference between the soul of cattl

 3. There are also innumerable kinds of birds. If we review them all, as we have partly done the fish, we shall find that under one name, the creatures

 4. What a variety, I have said, in the actions and lives of flying creatures. Some of these unreasoning creatures even have a government, if the featu

 5. How shall we make an exact review of all the peculiarities of the life of birds? During the night cranes keep watch in turn some sleep, others mak

 6. It is said that the turtle-dove, once separated from her mate, does not contract a new union, but remains in widowhood, in remembrance of her first

 7. “  Let the waters bring forth the moving creatures that have life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven  .” They r

 8. If we simply read the words of Scripture we find only a few short syllables. “Let the waters bring forth fowl that may fly above the earth in the o

 Homily IX.

 1. How did you like the fare of my morning’s discourse? It seemed to me that I had the good intentions of a poor giver of a feast, who, ambitious of h

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature  .”

 3. “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature  .” Thus when the soul of brutes appeared it was not concealed in the earth, but it was born by th

 4. Virtues exist in us also by nature, and the soul has affinity with them not by education, but by nature herself. We do not need lessons to hate ill

 5. But let us return to the spectacle of creation. The easiest animals to catch are the most productive. It is on account of this that hares and wild

 6. Beasts bear witness to the faith. Hast thou confidence in the Lord? “Thou shalt walk upon the asp and the basilisk and thou shalt trample under fee

4. To say that the waters were gathered in one place indicates that previously they were scattered in many places. The mountains, intersected by deep ravines, accumulated water in their valleys, when from every direction the waters betook themselves to the one gathering place. What vast plains, in their extent resembling wide seas, what valleys, what cavities hollowed in many different ways, at that time full of water, must have been emptied by the command of God! But we must not therefore say, that if the water covered the face of the earth, all the basins which have since received the sea were originally full. Where can the gathering of the waters have come from if the basins were already full? These basins, we reply, were only prepared at the moment when the water had to unite in a single mass. At that time the sea which is beyond Gadeira  11  i.e. Cadiz, a corruption of Gadeira, which, like Geder and Gadara, is connected with the Phœnician Gadir, an enclosure. and the vast ocean, so dreaded by navigators, which surrounds the isle of Britain and western Spain, did not exist. But, all of a sudden, God created this vast space, and the mass of waters flowed in.

Now if our explanation of the creation of the world may appear contrary to experience, (because it is evident that all the waters did not flow together in one place,) many answers may be made, all obvious as soon as they are stated. Perhaps it is even ridiculous to reply to such objections. Ought they to bring forward in opposition ponds and accumulations of rain water, and think that this is enough to upset our reasonings? Evidently the chief and most complete affluence of the waters was what received the name of gathering unto one place. For wells are also gathering places for water, made by the hand of man to receive the moisture diffused in the hollow of the earth. This name of gathering does not mean any chance massing of water, but the greatest and most important one, wherein the element is shewn collected together. In the same way that fire, in spite of its being divided into minute particles which are sufficient for our needs here, is spread in a mass in the æther; in the same way that air, in spite of a like minute division, has occupied the region round the earth; so also water, in spite of the small amount spread abroad everywhere, only forms one gathering together, that which separates the whole element from the rest. Without doubt the lakes as well those of the northern regions and those that are to be found in Greece, in Macedonia, in Bithynia and in Palestine, are gatherings together of waters; but here it means the greatest of all, that gathering the extent of which equals that of the earth. The first contain a great quantity of water; no one will deny this. Nevertheless no one could reasonably give them the name of seas, not even if they are like the great sea, charged with salt and sand. They instance for example, the Lacus Asphaltitis in Judæa, and the Serbonian lake which extends between Egypt and Palestine in the Arabian desert. These are lakes, and there is only one sea, as those affirm who have travelled round the earth. Although some authorities think the Hyrcanian and Caspian Seas are enclosed in their own boundaries, if we are to believe the geographers, they communicate with each other and together discharge themselves into the Great Sea.  12  Pliny (vi. 15) shared a common error that the Caspian flowed into a Northern Sea. The eastern part was known as the Hyrcanian, the western as the Caspian. Strabo xi. 507, et sq. It is thus that, according to their account, the Red Sea and that beyond Gadeira only form one. Then why did God call the different masses of water seas? This is the reason; the waters flowed into one place, and their different accumulations, that is to say, the gulfs that the earth embraced in her folds, received from the Lord the name of seas: North Sea, South Sea, Eastern Sea, and Western Sea. The seas have even their own names, the Euxine, the Propontis, the Hellespont, the Ægean, the Ionian, the Sardinian, the Sicilian, the Tyrrhene, and many other names of which an exact enumeration would now be too long, and quite out of place. See why God calls the gathering together of waters seas. But let us return to the point from which the course of my argument has diverted me.

11 i.e. Cadiz, a corruption of Gadeira, which, like Geder and Gadara, is connected with the Phœnician Gadir, an enclosure.
12 Pliny (vi. 15) shared a common error that the Caspian flowed into a Northern Sea. The eastern part was known as the Hyrcanian, the western as the Caspian. Strabo xi. 507, et sq.

Ἔπειτα ὁ εἰπὼν συναχθῆναι τὰ ὕδατα εἰς συναγωγὴν μίαν, ἔδειξέ σοι, ὅτι πολλὰ ἦν κατὰ πολλοὺς τόπους διῃρημένα τὰ ὕδατα. Αἵ τε γὰρ τῶν ὀρῶν κοιλότητες, φάραγξι βαθείαις ὑπερρηγμέναι, εἶχον τῶν ὑδάτων τὴν συλλογήν. Καὶ προσέτι πεδία πολλά τε καὶ ὕπτια οὐδὲν τῶν μεγίστων πελαγῶν κατὰ τὸ μέγεθος ἀποδέοντα, καὶ αὐλῶνες μυρίοι, καὶ αἱ κοιλάδες κατ' ἄλλα καὶ ἄλλα σχήματα κοιλαινόμεναι, πάντα ὑδάτων τότε πεπληρωμένα, ἀπεκενώθη τῷ θείῳ προστάγματι, πρὸς μίαν συναγωγὴν τοῦ πανταχόθεν ὕδατος συνελασθέντος. Καὶ μηδεὶς λεγέτω, ὅτι εἴπερ ἦν ὕδωρ ἐπάνω τῆς γῆς, πάντως πᾶσαι αἱ κοιλότητες, αἱ νῦν τὴν θάλασσαν ὑποδεξάμεναι, πεπληρωμέναι ὑπῆρχον. Ποῦ τοίνυν ἔμελλον γίνεσθαι τῶν ὑδάτων αἱ συλλογαὶ, προκατειλημμένων τῶν κοίλων; Πρὸς δὴ τοῦτο ἐροῦμεν, ὅτι τότε καὶ τὰ ἀγγεῖα συγκατεσκευάσθη, ὅτι ἔδει μίαν σύστασιν ἀποκριθῆναι τὸ ὕδωρ. Οὐ γὰρ ἦν ἡ ἔξω Γαδείρων θάλασσα: οὐδὲ τὸ μέγα ἐκεῖνο καὶ ἀτόλμητον πλωτῆρσι πέλαγος, τὸ τὴν Βρεττανικὴν νῆσον καὶ τοὺς ἑσπερίους Ἴβηρας περιπτυσσόμενον: ἀλλὰ τότε τῆς εὐρυχωρίας τῷ προστάγματι τοῦ Θεοῦ δημιουργηθείσης, ἐπ' αὐτὴν συνεδόθη τῶν ὑδάτων τὰ πλήθη. Πρὸς δὲ τὸ, ὅτι ὑπεναντίως ἔχει τῇ πείρᾳ ὁ τῆς παρ' ἡμῖν κοσμοποιίας λόγος (οὐ γὰρ εἰς μίαν συναγωγὴν ὑδάτων τὸ ὕδωρ ἅπαν φαίνεται συνδραμόν), πολλὰ μέν ἐστιν εἰπεῖν, καὶ πᾶσιν αὐτόθεν γνώριμα. Μήποτε δὲ καὶ τὸ διαμάχεσθαι τοῖς τοιούτοις γελοῖον. Οὐ δήπου γὰρ καὶ τὰ τελματιαῖα, καὶ τὰ ἐξ ὄμβρων συναθροιζόμενα προφέρειν ἡμῖν ὀφείλουσι, καὶ διὰ τούτων τὸν λόγον ἡμῶν ἐλέγχειν οἴεσθαι; Ἀλλὰ τὴν μεγίστην καὶ τελεωτάτην συνδρομὴν τῶν ὑδάτων ὠνόμασε συναγωγὴν μίαν. Καὶ γὰρ τὰ φρέατα συναγωγαὶ ὑδάτων εἰσὶ χειροποίητοι, ἐπὶ τὸ κοιλανθὲν τῆς γῆς τῆς ἐνεσπαρμένης νοτίδος ἐπιρρεούσης. Οὐ τοίνυν τὰ τυχόντα τῶν ὑδάτων ἀθροίσματα ἡ τῆς συναγωγῆς ἐμφαίνει προσηγορία, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἐξέχουσαν καὶ μεγίστην, ἐν ᾗ πᾶν τὸ στοιχεῖον ἀθρόον διαδείκνυται. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τὸ πῦρ καὶ εἰς μικρὰ κατακεκερματισμένον ἐστὶν ἐπὶ τῆς ὧδε χρείας, καὶ ἀθρόον ἐπὶ τοῦ αἰθέρος κέχυται: καὶ ὁ ἀὴρ διῄρηται μὲν καὶ κατὰ μικρὰ, καὶ ἀθρόως δὲ τὸν περίγειον ἐκπεριείληφε τόπον: οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὕδατος, εἰ καὶ μικραί τινές εἰσι διῃρημέναι συστάσεις, ἀλλὰ μία γέ ἐστι συναγωγὴ ἡ τὸ ὅλον στοιχεῖον τῶν λοιπῶν ἀποκρίνουσα. Αἱ μὲν γὰρ λίμναι, αἵ τε κατὰ τὰ μέρη τῆς ἄρκτου, καὶ ὅσαι περὶ τὸν Ἑλληνικόν εἰσι τόπον, τήν τε Μακεδονίαν, καὶ τὴν Βιθυνῶν χώραν, καὶ τὴν Παλαιστινῶν κατέχουσαι, συναγωγαί εἰσι δηλονότι: ἀλλὰ νῦν περὶ τῆς μεγίστης ἁπασῶν καὶ τῷ μεγέθει τῆς γῆς παρισουμένης ὁ λόγος. Ἃς πλῆθος μὲν ἔχειν ὕδατος οὐδεὶς ἀντερεῖ: οὐ μὴν θαλάσσας γε ἄν τις αὐτὰς κατὰ τὸν εἰκότα λόγον προσείποι: οὐδ' ἂν ὅτι μάλιστα τὸ ἁλμυρὸν καὶ γεῶδές τινες παραπλήσιον ἔχωσι τῇ μεγάλῃ θαλάσσῃ, ὡς ἥ τε Ἀσφαλτῖτις λίμνη ἐπὶ τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ ἡ Σερβωνῖτις ἡ μεταξὺ Αἰγύπτου καὶ Παλαιστίνης τὴν Ἀραβικὴν ἔρημον παρατείνουσα. Λίμναι γάρ εἰσιν αὗται, θάλασσα δὲ μία, ὡς οἱ τὴν γῆν περιοδεύσαντες ἱστοροῦσιν. Εἰ καὶ τὴν Ὑρκανίαν οἴονταί τινες, καὶ τὴν Κασπίαν περιγεγράφθαι καθ' ἑαυτάς: ἀλλ' εἴ γέ τι χρὴ ταῖς τῶν ἱστορησάντων προσέχειν γεωγραφίαις, συντέτρηνται πρὸς ἀλλήλας, καὶ πρὸς τὴν μεγίστην θάλασσαν ἅπασαι συνανεστόμωνται. Ὡς καὶ τὴν ἐρυθρὰν θάλασσάν φασι πρὸς τὴν ἐπέκεινα Γαδείρων συνάπτεσθαι. Πῶς οὖν, φησὶν, ὁ Θεὸς τὰ συστήματα τῶν ὑδάτων ἐκάλεσε θαλάσσας; Ὅτι συνέδραμε μὲν εἰς συναγωγὴν μίαν τὰ ὕδατα: τὰ δὲ συστήματα τῶν ὑδάτων, τουτέστι, τοὺς κόλπους τοὺς κατ' ἴδιον σχῆμα ὑπὸ τῆς περικειμένης γῆς ἀποληφθέντας, θαλάσσας ὁ Κύριος προσηγόρευσε. Θάλασσα βόρειος, θάλασσα νότιος, ἑῴα θάλασσα, καὶ ἑσπερία πάλιν ἑτέρα. Καὶ ὀνόματα τῶν πελαγῶν ἰδιάζοντα: πόντος Εὔξεινος, καὶ Προποντὶς, Ἑλλήσποντος, Αἰγαῖος, καὶ Ἰώνιος, Σαρδονικὸν πέλαγος καὶ Σικελικὸν, καὶ Τυρρηνικὸν ἕτερον. Καὶ μυρία γε ὀνόματα πελαγῶν, ἃ μακρὸν ἂν εἴη νῦν καὶ ἀπειροκαλίας μεστὸν δι' ἀκριβείας ἀπαριθμήσασθαι. Διὰ τοῦτο ὠνόμασεν ὁ Θεὸς τὰ συστήματα τῶν ὑδάτων θαλάσσας. Ἀλλ' εἰς τοῦτο μὲν ἡμᾶς ἐξήνεγκεν ἡ ἀκολουθία τοῦ λόγου, ἡμεῖς δὲ πρὸς τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐπανέλθωμεν.