Homily I.

 1. It is right that any one beginning to narrate the formation of the world should begin with the good order which reigns in visible things. I am abou

 2. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.” I stop struck with admiration at this thought. What shall I first say? Where shall I begin

 3. Do not then imagine, O man! that the visible world is without a beginning and because the celestial bodies move in a circular course, and it is di

 4. One day, doubtless, their terrible condemnation will be the greater for all this worldly wisdom, since, seeing so clearly into vain sciences, they

 5. It appears, indeed, that even before this world an order of things existed of which our mind can form an idea, but of which we can say nothing, bec

 6. Such being the different senses of the word beginning, see if we have not all the meanings here. You may know the epoch when the formation of this

 7. Among arts, some have in view production, some practice, others theory. The object of the last is the exercise of thought, that of the second, the

 8. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.” If we were to wish to discover the essence of each of the beings which are offered for our

 9. Do you suppose that a heavier body prevents the earth from falling into the abyss? Then you must consider that this support needs itself a support

 10. There are inquirers into nature who with a great display of words give reasons for the immobility of the earth. Placed, they say, in the middle of

 11. We might say the same thing of the heavens. With what a noise of words the sages of this world have discussed their nature! Some have said that he

 Homily II.

 1. In the few words which have occupied us this morning we have found such a depth of thought that we despair of penetrating further. If such is the f

 2. But the corrupters of the truth, who, incapable of submitting their reason to Holy Scripture, distort at will the meaning of the Holy Scriptures, p

 3. God created the heavens and the earth, but not only half —He created all the heavens and all the earth, creating the essence with the form. For He

 4. “Darkness was upon the face of the deep.” A new source for fables and most impious imaginations if one distorts the sense of these words at the wil

 5. Do not then go beyond yourself to seek for evil, and imagine that there is an original nature of wickedness. Each of us, let us acknowledge it, is

 6.  And the Spirit of God was borne upon the face of the waters  .

 7.  And God said, Let there be light  .

 8. “  And God called the light Day and the darkness he called Night  .”

 Homily III.

 1. We have now recounted the works of the first day, or rather of one day. Far be it from me indeed, to take from it the privilege it enjoys of having

 2. And God said “Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.” Yesterday we heard God’s decree,

 3. In the second place, does the firmament that is called heaven differ from the firmament that God made in the beginning? Are there two heavens? The

 4. “  And God said, let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. And God made the firmament, and

 5. But let us continue our explanation: “  Let it divide the waters from the waters  .”

 6. Survey creation you will see the power of heat reigning over all that is born and perishes. On account of it comes all the water spread over the e

 7. Therefore we read: “  Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters  .” I have said what the wo

 8. “  And God called the firmament heaven  .”

 9. But as far as concerns the separation of the waters I am obliged to contest the opinion of certain writers in the Church who, under the shadow of h

 10. “  And God saw that it was good  .” God does not judge of the beauty of His work by the charm of the eyes, and He does not form the same idea of b

 Homily IV.

 1. There are towns where the inhabitants, from dawn to eve, feast their eyes on the tricks of innumerable conjurors. They are never tired of hearing d

 2. “  And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear, and it was so  .” And the water

 3. “Let the waters be gathered together.” It was ordered that it should be the natural property of water to flow, and in obedience to this order, the

 4. To say that the waters were gathered in one place indicates that previously they were scattered in many places. The mountains, intersected by deep

 5. And God said: “  Let the waters be gathered together unto one place and let the dry land appear  .” He did not say let the earth appear, so as not

 6. “  And God saw that it was good  .”

 7. Thus, in the eyes of God, the sea is good, because it makes the under current of moisture in the depths of the earth. It is good again, because fro

 Homily V.

 1. “  And God said Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself 

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth grass yielding seed after his kind  .” So that although some kind of grass is of service to animals, even their gain i

 3. Up to this point, the order in which plants shoot bears witness to their first arrangement. Every herb, every plant proceeds from a germ. If, like

 4. What shall I say? What shall I leave unsaid? In the rich treasures of creation it is difficult to select what is most precious the loss of what is

 5. “  Let the earth bring forth grass  .” What spontaneous provision is included in these words,—that which is present in the root, in the plant itsel

 6. “  Let the earth  ,” the Creator adds, “  bring forth the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself 

 7. But let us return to the examination of the ingenious contrivances of creation. How many trees then arose, some to give us their fruits, others to

 8. Plants reproduce themselves in so many different ways, that we can only touch upon the chief among them. As to fruits themselves, who could review

 9. But what need is there to continue, when in the same fig tree we have the most opposite flavours, as bitter in the sap as it is sweet in the fruit?

 10. “  Let the earth bring forth  .” This short command was in a moment a vast nature, an elaborate system. Swifter than thought it produced the count

 Homily VI.

 1. At the shows in the circus the spectator must join in the efforts of the athletes. This the laws of the show indicate, for they prescribe that all

 2. “  And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, and to divide the day from the night  .”

 3. And let no one suppose it to be a thing incredible that the brightness of the light is one thing, and the body which is its material vehicle is ano

 4. “  And let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years  .”

 5. But those who overstep the borders, making the words of Scripture their apology for the art of casting nativities, pretend that our lives depend up

 6. But what effects are produced? Such an one will have curly hair and bright eyes, because he is born under the Ram such is the appearance of a ram.

 7. They do not, however, stop here even our acts, where each one feels his will ruling, I mean, the practice of virtue or of vice, depend, according

 8. Let us return to the words which follow. “Let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and years.” We have spoken about signs. By times, we u

 9. “  And God made two great lights  .”

 10. See again another evident proof of its greatness. Although the heaven may be full of stars without number, the light contributed by them all could

 11. On its variations depends also the condition of the air, as is proved by sudden disturbances which often come after the new moon, in the midst of

 Homily VII.

 1. “  And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life  ” after their kind, “  and fowl that may fly above the e

 2. “Let the waters bring forth moving creatures after their kind.” God caused to be born the firstlings of each species to serve as seeds for nature.

 3. The food of fish differs according to their species. Some feed on mud others eat sea weed others content themselves with the herbs that grow in w

 4. It is not thus with us. Why? Because we incessantly move the ancient landmarks which our fathers have set. We encroach, we add house to house, fiel

 5. I myself have seen these marvels, and I have admired the wisdom of God in all things. If beings deprived of reason are capable of thinking and of p

 6. Let husbands listen as well: here is a lesson for them. The viper vomits forth its venom in respect for marriage and you, will you not put aside t

 Homily VIII.

 1. And God said “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle and creeping things, and beast of the earth after his kind an

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth a living soul  .” Why did the earth produce a living soul? so that you may make a difference between the soul of cattl

 3. There are also innumerable kinds of birds. If we review them all, as we have partly done the fish, we shall find that under one name, the creatures

 4. What a variety, I have said, in the actions and lives of flying creatures. Some of these unreasoning creatures even have a government, if the featu

 5. How shall we make an exact review of all the peculiarities of the life of birds? During the night cranes keep watch in turn some sleep, others mak

 6. It is said that the turtle-dove, once separated from her mate, does not contract a new union, but remains in widowhood, in remembrance of her first

 7. “  Let the waters bring forth the moving creatures that have life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven  .” They r

 8. If we simply read the words of Scripture we find only a few short syllables. “Let the waters bring forth fowl that may fly above the earth in the o

 Homily IX.

 1. How did you like the fare of my morning’s discourse? It seemed to me that I had the good intentions of a poor giver of a feast, who, ambitious of h

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature  .”

 3. “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature  .” Thus when the soul of brutes appeared it was not concealed in the earth, but it was born by th

 4. Virtues exist in us also by nature, and the soul has affinity with them not by education, but by nature herself. We do not need lessons to hate ill

 5. But let us return to the spectacle of creation. The easiest animals to catch are the most productive. It is on account of this that hares and wild

 6. Beasts bear witness to the faith. Hast thou confidence in the Lord? “Thou shalt walk upon the asp and the basilisk and thou shalt trample under fee

7. They do not, however, stop here; even our acts, where each one feels his will ruling, I mean, the practice of virtue or of vice, depend, according to them, on the influence of celestial bodies. It would be ridiculous seriously to refute such an error, but, as it holds a great many in its nets, perhaps it is better not to pass it over in silence. I would first ask them if the figures which the stars describe do not change a thousand times a day. In the perpetual motion of planets, some meet in a more rapid course, others make slower revolutions, and often in an hour we see them look at each other and then hide themselves. Now, at the hour of birth, it is very important whether one is looked upon by a beneficent star or by an evil one, to speak their language. Often then the astrologers do not seize the moment when a good star shows itself, and, on account of having let this fugitive moment escape, they enrol the newborn under the influence of a bad genius. I am compelled to use their own words. What madness! But, above all, what impiety! For the evil stars throw the blame of their wickedness upon Him Who made them. If evil is inherent in their nature, the Creator is the author of evil. If they make it themselves, they are animals endowed with the power of choice, whose acts will be free and voluntary. Is it not the height of folly to tell these lies about beings without souls? Again, what a want of sense does it show to distribute good and evil without regard to personal merit; to say that a star is beneficent because it occupies a certain place; that it becomes evil, because it is viewed by another star; and that if it moves ever so little from this figure it loses its malign influence.

But let us pass on. If, at every instant of duration, the stars vary their figures, then in these thousand changes, many times a day, there ought to be reproduced the configuration of royal births. Why then does not every day see the birth of a king? Why is there a succession on the throne from father to son? Without doubt there has never been a king who has taken measures to have his son born under the star of royalty. For what man possesses such a power? How then did Uzziah beget Jotham, Jotham Ahaz, Ahaz Hezekiah? And by what chance did the birth of none of them happen in an hour of slavery? If the origin of our virtues and of our vices is not in ourselves, but is the fatal consequence of our birth, it is useless for legislators to prescribe for us what we ought to do, and what we ought to avoid; it is useless for judges to honour virtue and to punish vice. The guilt is not in the robber, not in the assassin: it was willed for him; it was impossible for him to hold back his hand, urged to evil by inevitable necessity. Those who laboriously cultivate the arts are the maddest of men. The labourer will make an abundant harvest without sowing seed and without sharpening his sickle. Whether he wishes it or not, the merchant will make his fortune, and will be flooded with riches by fate. As for us Christians, we shall see our great hopes vanish, since from the moment that man does not act with freedom, there is neither reward for justice, nor punishment for sin. Under the reign of necessity and of fatality there is no place for merit, the first condition of all righteous judgment. But let us stop. You who are sound in yourselves have no need to hear more, and time does not allow us to make attacks without limit against these unhappy men.

Καὶ οὐκ ἐπὶ τούτων ἵστανται μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧν ἡ προαίρεσις ἑκάστου ἡμῶν κυρία (λέγω δὴ, τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων ἀρετῆς ἢ κακίας), καὶ τούτων τὰς αἰτίας τοῖς οὐρανίοις συνάπτουσιν. Οἷς τὸ ἀντιλέγειν ἄλλως μὲν καταγέλαστον, διὰ δὲ τὸ προκατέχεσθαι τοὺς πολλοὺς τῇ ἀπάτῃ, ἀναγκαῖον ἴσως μὴ σιωπῇ παρελθεῖν. Πρῶτον μὲν οὖν ἐκεῖνο αὐτοὺς ἐρωτήσωμεν, εἰ μὴ ἐφ' ἑκάστης ἡμέρας μυριάκις ἀμείβεται τῶν ἀστέρων τὰ σχήματα; Ἀεικίνητοι γὰρ ὄντες οἱ πλανῆται λεγόμενοι, καὶ οἱ μὲν θᾶττον ἐπικαταλαμβάνοντες ἀλλήλους, οἱ δὲ βραδυτέρας τὰς περιόδους ποιούμενοι, ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς ὥρας πολλάκις καὶ ὁρῶσιν ἀλλήλους καὶ ἀποκρύπτονται, μεγίστην τε ἔχει δύμανιν ἐν ταῖς γενέσεσι τὸ ἢ παρὰ ἀγαθοποιοῦ ἐφορᾶσθαι, ἢ κακοποιοῦ, ὡς αὐτοὶ λέγουσι. Καὶ πολλάκις καθ' ὃν ἐπεμαρτύρει ὁ ἀγαθοποιὸς ἀστὴρ τὸν καιρὸν οὐκ ἐξευρόντες, παρὰ τὴν ἑνὸς τῶν λεπτοτάτων ἄγνοιαν, ὡς ἐν τῷ κακοδαιμονήματι αὐτὸν κείμενον ἀπεγράψαντο. Τοῖς γὰρ αὐτῶν ἐκείνων συγχρήσασθαι ῥήμασιν ἀναγκάζομαι. Ἐν δὴ τοῖς τοιούτοις λόγοις πολὺ μὲν τὸ ἀνόητον, πολλαπλάσιον δὲ τὸ ἀσεβές. Οἱ γὰρ κακοποιοὶ τῶν ἀστέρων τῆς ἑαυτῶν πονηρίας ἐπὶ τὸν ποιήσαντα αὐτοὺς τὴν αἰτίαν μετατιθέασιν. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἐκ φύσεως αὐτῶν τὸ κακὸν, ὁ δημιουργὸς ἔσται τοῦ κακοῦ ποιητής: εἰ δὲ προαιρέσει κακύνονται, πρῶτον μὲν ἔσται ζῷα προαιρετικὰ, λελυμέναις καὶ αὐτοκρατορικαῖς ταῖς ὁρμαῖς κεχρημένα: ὃ μανίας ἐστὶν ἐπέκεινα καταψεύδεσθαι τῶν ἀψύχων. Ἔπειτα πόσον τὸ ἄλογον, τὸ κακὸν καὶ τὸ ἀγαθὸν μὴ κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν διανέμειν ἑκάστῳ, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ ἐν τῷδε τῷ τόπῳ γέγονεν, ἀγαθοποιὸν ὑπάρχειν, καὶ ἐπειδὴ ὑπὸ τοῦδε ὁρᾶται, κακοποιὸν γίνεσθαι τὸν αὐτόν: καὶ ἐπειδὰν πάλιν μικρόν τι παρεκκλίνῃ τοῦ σχήματος, εὐθὺς τῆς κακίας ἐπιλανθάνεσθαι; Καὶ ταῦτα μὲν εἰς τοσοῦτον. Εἰ δὲ καθ' ἕκαστον ἀκαριαῖον τοῦ χρόνου ἐπ' ἄλλο καὶ ἄλλο μεθαρμόζονται σχῆμα, ἐν δὲ ταῖς μυρίαις ταύταις μεταβολαῖς, πολλάκις τῆς ἡμέρας, οἱ τῶν βασιλικῶν γενέσεων ἀποτελοῦνται σχηματισμοὶ, διὰ τί οὐκ ἐφ' ἑκάστης ἡμέρας γεννῶνται βασιλεῖς; ἢ διὰ τί ὅλως πατρικαὶ παρ' αὐτοῖς εἰσι βασιλείας διαδοχαί; Οὐ δήπου γὰρ ἕκαστος τῶν βασιλέων παρατετηρημένως εἰς τὸ βασιλικὸν τῶν ἀστέρων σχῆμα τοῦ ἰδίου υἱοῦ τὴν γένεσιν ἐναρμόζει. Τίς γὰρ ἀνθρώπων κύριος τοῦ τοιούτου; Πῶς οὖν Ὀζίας ἐγέννησε τὸν Ἰωάθαμ; Ἰωάθαμ τὸν Ἄχαζ; Ἄχαζ τὸν Ἐζεκίαν; καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐν τούτοις δουλικῇ συνέτυχεν ὥρᾳ γενέσεως; Ἔπειτα εἰ καὶ τῶν κατὰ κακίαν καὶ ἀρετὴν ἐνεργημάτων οὐκ ἐκ τοῦ ἐφ' ἡμῖν εἰσὶν αἱ ἀρχαὶ, ἀλλ' ἐκ τῆς γενέσεως αἱ ἀνάγκαι, περιττοὶ μὲν οἱ νομοθέται, τὰ πρακτέα ἡμῖν καὶ τὰ φευκτὰ διορίζοντες, περιττοὶ δὲ καὶ οἱ δικασταὶ, ἀρετὴν τιμῶντες, καὶ πονηρίαν κολάζοντες. Οὐ γὰρ τοῦ κλέπτου τὸ ἀδίκημα: οὐδὲ τοῦ φονέως: ᾧ γε οὐδὲ βουλομένῳ δυνατὸν ἦν κρατεῖν τῆς χειρὸς, διὰ τὸ ἀναπόδραστον τῆς ἐπὶ τὰς πράξεις αὐτὸν κατεπειγούσης ἀνάγκης. Ματαιότατοι δὲ πάντων καὶ οἱ περὶ τὰς τέχνας πονούμενοι: ἀλλ' εὐθηνήσει μὲν ὁ γεωργὸς, μήτε σπέρματα καταβάλλων, μήτε δρεπάνην θηξάμενος: ὑπερπλουτήσει δὲ ὁ ἔμπορος, κἂν βούληται, κἂν μὴ, τῆς εἱμαρμένης αὐτῷ συναθροιζούσης τὰ χρήματα. Αἱ δὲ μεγάλαι τῶν Χριστιανῶν ἐλπίδες φροῦδαι ἡμῖν οἰχήσονται, οὔτε δικαιοσύνης τιμωμένης, οὔτε κατακρινομένης τῆς ἁμαρτίας, διὰ τὸ μηδὲν κατὰ προαίρεσιν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐπιτελεῖσθαι. Ὅπου γὰρ ἀνάγκη καὶ εἱμαρμένη κρατεῖ, οὐδεμίαν ἔχει χώραν τὸ πρὸς ἀξίαν, ὃ τῆς δικαιοκρισίας ἐξαίρετόν ἐστι. Καὶ πρὸς μὲν ἐκείνους, ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον. Οὔτε γὰρ ὑμεῖς πλειόνων δεῖσθε λόγων παρ' ἑαυτῶν ὑγιαίνοντες, ὅ τε καιρὸς οὐκ ἐνδίδωσι πέρα τοῦ μέτρου πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἀποτείνεσθαι.