Homily I.

 1. It is right that any one beginning to narrate the formation of the world should begin with the good order which reigns in visible things. I am abou

 2. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.” I stop struck with admiration at this thought. What shall I first say? Where shall I begin

 3. Do not then imagine, O man! that the visible world is without a beginning and because the celestial bodies move in a circular course, and it is di

 4. One day, doubtless, their terrible condemnation will be the greater for all this worldly wisdom, since, seeing so clearly into vain sciences, they

 5. It appears, indeed, that even before this world an order of things existed of which our mind can form an idea, but of which we can say nothing, bec

 6. Such being the different senses of the word beginning, see if we have not all the meanings here. You may know the epoch when the formation of this

 7. Among arts, some have in view production, some practice, others theory. The object of the last is the exercise of thought, that of the second, the

 8. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.” If we were to wish to discover the essence of each of the beings which are offered for our

 9. Do you suppose that a heavier body prevents the earth from falling into the abyss? Then you must consider that this support needs itself a support

 10. There are inquirers into nature who with a great display of words give reasons for the immobility of the earth. Placed, they say, in the middle of

 11. We might say the same thing of the heavens. With what a noise of words the sages of this world have discussed their nature! Some have said that he

 Homily II.

 1. In the few words which have occupied us this morning we have found such a depth of thought that we despair of penetrating further. If such is the f

 2. But the corrupters of the truth, who, incapable of submitting their reason to Holy Scripture, distort at will the meaning of the Holy Scriptures, p

 3. God created the heavens and the earth, but not only half —He created all the heavens and all the earth, creating the essence with the form. For He

 4. “Darkness was upon the face of the deep.” A new source for fables and most impious imaginations if one distorts the sense of these words at the wil

 5. Do not then go beyond yourself to seek for evil, and imagine that there is an original nature of wickedness. Each of us, let us acknowledge it, is

 6.  And the Spirit of God was borne upon the face of the waters  .

 7.  And God said, Let there be light  .

 8. “  And God called the light Day and the darkness he called Night  .”

 Homily III.

 1. We have now recounted the works of the first day, or rather of one day. Far be it from me indeed, to take from it the privilege it enjoys of having

 2. And God said “Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.” Yesterday we heard God’s decree,

 3. In the second place, does the firmament that is called heaven differ from the firmament that God made in the beginning? Are there two heavens? The

 4. “  And God said, let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. And God made the firmament, and

 5. But let us continue our explanation: “  Let it divide the waters from the waters  .”

 6. Survey creation you will see the power of heat reigning over all that is born and perishes. On account of it comes all the water spread over the e

 7. Therefore we read: “  Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters  .” I have said what the wo

 8. “  And God called the firmament heaven  .”

 9. But as far as concerns the separation of the waters I am obliged to contest the opinion of certain writers in the Church who, under the shadow of h

 10. “  And God saw that it was good  .” God does not judge of the beauty of His work by the charm of the eyes, and He does not form the same idea of b

 Homily IV.

 1. There are towns where the inhabitants, from dawn to eve, feast their eyes on the tricks of innumerable conjurors. They are never tired of hearing d

 2. “  And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear, and it was so  .” And the water

 3. “Let the waters be gathered together.” It was ordered that it should be the natural property of water to flow, and in obedience to this order, the

 4. To say that the waters were gathered in one place indicates that previously they were scattered in many places. The mountains, intersected by deep

 5. And God said: “  Let the waters be gathered together unto one place and let the dry land appear  .” He did not say let the earth appear, so as not

 6. “  And God saw that it was good  .”

 7. Thus, in the eyes of God, the sea is good, because it makes the under current of moisture in the depths of the earth. It is good again, because fro

 Homily V.

 1. “  And God said Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself 

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth grass yielding seed after his kind  .” So that although some kind of grass is of service to animals, even their gain i

 3. Up to this point, the order in which plants shoot bears witness to their first arrangement. Every herb, every plant proceeds from a germ. If, like

 4. What shall I say? What shall I leave unsaid? In the rich treasures of creation it is difficult to select what is most precious the loss of what is

 5. “  Let the earth bring forth grass  .” What spontaneous provision is included in these words,—that which is present in the root, in the plant itsel

 6. “  Let the earth  ,” the Creator adds, “  bring forth the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself 

 7. But let us return to the examination of the ingenious contrivances of creation. How many trees then arose, some to give us their fruits, others to

 8. Plants reproduce themselves in so many different ways, that we can only touch upon the chief among them. As to fruits themselves, who could review

 9. But what need is there to continue, when in the same fig tree we have the most opposite flavours, as bitter in the sap as it is sweet in the fruit?

 10. “  Let the earth bring forth  .” This short command was in a moment a vast nature, an elaborate system. Swifter than thought it produced the count

 Homily VI.

 1. At the shows in the circus the spectator must join in the efforts of the athletes. This the laws of the show indicate, for they prescribe that all

 2. “  And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, and to divide the day from the night  .”

 3. And let no one suppose it to be a thing incredible that the brightness of the light is one thing, and the body which is its material vehicle is ano

 4. “  And let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years  .”

 5. But those who overstep the borders, making the words of Scripture their apology for the art of casting nativities, pretend that our lives depend up

 6. But what effects are produced? Such an one will have curly hair and bright eyes, because he is born under the Ram such is the appearance of a ram.

 7. They do not, however, stop here even our acts, where each one feels his will ruling, I mean, the practice of virtue or of vice, depend, according

 8. Let us return to the words which follow. “Let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and years.” We have spoken about signs. By times, we u

 9. “  And God made two great lights  .”

 10. See again another evident proof of its greatness. Although the heaven may be full of stars without number, the light contributed by them all could

 11. On its variations depends also the condition of the air, as is proved by sudden disturbances which often come after the new moon, in the midst of

 Homily VII.

 1. “  And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life  ” after their kind, “  and fowl that may fly above the e

 2. “Let the waters bring forth moving creatures after their kind.” God caused to be born the firstlings of each species to serve as seeds for nature.

 3. The food of fish differs according to their species. Some feed on mud others eat sea weed others content themselves with the herbs that grow in w

 4. It is not thus with us. Why? Because we incessantly move the ancient landmarks which our fathers have set. We encroach, we add house to house, fiel

 5. I myself have seen these marvels, and I have admired the wisdom of God in all things. If beings deprived of reason are capable of thinking and of p

 6. Let husbands listen as well: here is a lesson for them. The viper vomits forth its venom in respect for marriage and you, will you not put aside t

 Homily VIII.

 1. And God said “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle and creeping things, and beast of the earth after his kind an

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth a living soul  .” Why did the earth produce a living soul? so that you may make a difference between the soul of cattl

 3. There are also innumerable kinds of birds. If we review them all, as we have partly done the fish, we shall find that under one name, the creatures

 4. What a variety, I have said, in the actions and lives of flying creatures. Some of these unreasoning creatures even have a government, if the featu

 5. How shall we make an exact review of all the peculiarities of the life of birds? During the night cranes keep watch in turn some sleep, others mak

 6. It is said that the turtle-dove, once separated from her mate, does not contract a new union, but remains in widowhood, in remembrance of her first

 7. “  Let the waters bring forth the moving creatures that have life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven  .” They r

 8. If we simply read the words of Scripture we find only a few short syllables. “Let the waters bring forth fowl that may fly above the earth in the o

 Homily IX.

 1. How did you like the fare of my morning’s discourse? It seemed to me that I had the good intentions of a poor giver of a feast, who, ambitious of h

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature  .”

 3. “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature  .” Thus when the soul of brutes appeared it was not concealed in the earth, but it was born by th

 4. Virtues exist in us also by nature, and the soul has affinity with them not by education, but by nature herself. We do not need lessons to hate ill

 5. But let us return to the spectacle of creation. The easiest animals to catch are the most productive. It is on account of this that hares and wild

 6. Beasts bear witness to the faith. Hast thou confidence in the Lord? “Thou shalt walk upon the asp and the basilisk and thou shalt trample under fee

11. On its variations depends also the condition of the air, as is proved by sudden disturbances which often come after the new moon, in the midst of a calm and of a stillness in the winds, to agitate the clouds and to hurl them against each other; as the flux and reflux in straits, and the ebb and flow of the ocean prove, so that those who live on its shores see it regularly following the revolutions of the moon. The waters of straits approach and retreat from one shore to the other during the different phases of the moon; but, when she is new, they have not an instant of rest, and move in perpetual swaying to and fro, until the moon, reappearing, regulates their reflux. As to the Western sea,  37  i.e.the Atlantic. cf. Ovid., Met. xi. 258, “Hesperium fretum.” we see it in its ebb and flow now return into its bed, and now overflow, as the moon draws it back by her respiration and then, by her expiration, urges it to its own boundaries.  38  Pytheas, of Marseilles, is first named as attributing the tides to the moon. Plut. περὶ ἀρεσκ. κ.τ.λ. iii. 17. On the ancient belief generally vide Plin. ii. 99.

I have entered into these details, to show you the grandeur of the luminaries, and to make you see that, in the inspired words, there is not one idle syllable. And yet my sermon has scarcely touched on any important point; there are many other discoveries about the size and distance of the sun and moon to which any one who will make a serious study of their action and of their characteristics may arrive by the aid of reason. Let me then ingenuously make an avowal of my weakness, for fear that you should measure the mighty works of the Creator by my words. The little that I have said ought the rather to make you conjecture the marvels on which I have omitted to dwell. We must not then measure the moon with the eye, but with the reason. Reason, for the discovery of truth, is much surer than the eye.

Everywhere ridiculous old women’s tales, imagined in the delirium of drunkenness, have been circulated; such as that enchantments can remove the moon from its place and make it descend to the earth. How could a magician’s charm shake that of which the Most High has laid the foundations? And if once torn out what place could hold it?  39  “Inventa jam pridem ratio est prænuntians horas, non modo dies ac noctes, Solis Lunæque defectuum. Durat tamen tradita persuasio in magna parte vulgi, veneficiis et herbis id cogi, eamque num fæminarum scientiam prævalere.” Plin. xxv. v. So it was a custom to avert the spells of sorceresses, which might bring the eclipsed moon to the ground, by beating brass and shouting. cf. Juv., Sat. vi. 443, “Tam nemo tubas, nemo œra fatigat, Una laboranti poterit succurrere lunæ,” and the “œra auxiliaria lunæ” of Ov., Met. iv. 333.

Do you wish from slight indications to have a proof of the moon’s size? All the towns in the world, however distant from each other, equally receive the light from the moon in those streets that are turned towards its rising. If she did not look on all face to face, those only would be entirely lighted up which were exactly opposite; as to those beyond the extremities of her disc, they would only receive diverted and oblique rays. It is this effect which the light of lamps produces in houses; if a lamp is surrounded by several persons, only the shadow of the person who is directly opposite to it is cast in a straight line, the others follow inclined lines on each side. In the same way, if the body of the moon were not of an immense and prodigious size she could not extend herself alike to all. In reality, when the moon rises in the equinoctial regions, all equally enjoy her light, both those who inhabit the icy zone, under the revolutions of the Bear, and those who dwell in the extreme south in the neighbourhood of the torrid zone. She gives us an idea of her size by appearing to be face to face with all people. Who then can deny the immensity of a body which divides itself equally over such a wide extent?

But enough on the greatness of the sun and moon. May He Who has given us intelligence to recognise in the smallest objects of creation the great wisdom of the Contriver make us find in great bodies a still higher idea of their Creator. However, compared with their Author, the sun and moon are but a fly and an ant. The whole universe cannot give us a right idea of the greatness of God; and it is only by signs, weak and slight in themselves, often by the help of the smallest insects and of the least plants, that we raise ourselves to Him. Content with these words let us offer our thanks, I to Him who has given me the ministry of the Word, you to Him who feeds you with spiritual food; Who, even at this moment, makes you find in my weak voice the strength of barley bread. May He feed you for ever, and in proportion to your faith grant you the manifestation of the Spirit  40  cf. 1 Cor. xii. 7. in Jesus Christ our Lord, to whom be glory and power for ever and ever. Amen.

37 i.e.the Atlantic. cf. Ovid., Met. xi. 258, “Hesperium fretum.”
38 Pytheas, of Marseilles, is first named as attributing the tides to the moon. Plut. περὶ ἀρεσκ. κ.τ.λ. iii. 17. On the ancient belief generally vide Plin. ii. 99.
39 “Inventa jam pridem ratio est prænuntians horas, non modo dies ac noctes, Solis Lunæque defectuum. Durat tamen tradita persuasio in magna parte vulgi, veneficiis et herbis id cogi, eamque num fæminarum scientiam prævalere.” Plin. xxv. v. So it was a custom to avert the spells of sorceresses, which might bring the eclipsed moon to the ground, by beating brass and shouting. cf. Juv., Sat. vi. 443, “Tam nemo tubas, nemo œra fatigat, Una laboranti poterit succurrere lunæ,” and the “œra auxiliaria lunæ” of Ov., Met. iv. 333.
40 cf. 1 Cor. xii. 7.

Καὶ τὰ περὶ τὸν ἀέρα δὲ πάθη ταῖς μεταβολαῖς ταύτης συνδιατίθεται, ὡς μαρτυροῦσιν ἡμῖν αἵ τε κατὰ τὴν νουμηνίαν πολλάκις ἀπὸ γαλήνης καὶ νηνεμίας αἰφνίδιοι ταραχαὶ, νεφῶν κλονουμένων καὶ συμπιπτόντων ἀλλήλοις, καὶ αἱ περὶ τοὺς εὐρίπους παλίρροιαι, καὶ ἡ περὶ τὸν λεγόμενον ὠκεανὸν ἄμπωτις, ἣν ταῖς περιόδοις τῆς σελήνης τεταγμένως ἑπομένην ἐξεῦρον οἱ προσοικοῦντες. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ εὔριποι μεταρρέουσιν ἐφ' ἑκάτερα κατὰ τὰ λοιπὰ σχήματα τῆς σελήνης: ἐν δὲ τῷ καιρῷ τῆς γενέσεως οὐδὲ τὸ βραχύτατον ἀτρεμοῦσιν, ἀλλ' ἐν σάλῳ καὶ ταλαντώσει διηνεκεῖ καθεστήκασιν, ἕως ἂν ἐκφανεῖσα πάλιν, ἀκολουθίαν τινὰ τῇ παλιρροίᾳ παράσχηται. Ἡ δὲ ἑσπερία θάλασσα τὰς ἀμπώτεις ὑφίσταται, νῦν μὲν ὑπονοστοῦσα, πάλιν δὲ ἐπικλύζουσα, ὥσπερ ἀναπνοαῖς τῆς σελήνης ὑφελκομένη πρὸς τὸ ὀπίσω, καὶ πάλιν ταῖς ἀπ' αὐτῆς ἐμπνοίαις, εἰς τὸ οἰκεῖον μέτρον προωθουμένη. Ταῦτά μοι εἴρηται πρὸς ἀπόδειξιν τοῦ κατὰ τοὺς φωστῆρας μεγέθους, καὶ σύστασιν τοῦ μηδὲ μέχρι συλλαβῆς ἀργόν τι εἶναι τῶν θεοπνεύστων ῥημάτων: καίτοι γε οὐδενὸς ἥψατο σχεδὸν τῶν καιρίων ὁ λόγος: πολλὰ γὰρ περὶ μεγεθῶν καὶ ἀποστημάτων ἡλίου καὶ σελήνης ἐστὶν ἐξευρεῖν τοῖς λογισμοῖς, τὸν μὴ παρέργως τὰς ἐνεργείας αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς δυνάμεις ἐπεσκεμμένον. Εὐγνωμόνως οὖν δεῖ κατηγορεῖν ἡμᾶς τῆς ἑαυτῶν ἀσθενείας, ἵνα μὴ τῷ ἡμετέρῳ λόγῳ μετρῆται τῶν δημιουργημάτων τὰ μέγιστα, ἀλλὰ ἐξ ὀλίγων τῶν εἰρημένων παρ' ἑαυτοῖς ἀναλογίζεσθαι, πόσα τινά ἐστι καὶ πηλίκα τὰ παρεθέντα. Μὴ τοίνυν μηδὲ σελήνην ὀφθαλμῷ μετρήσῃς, ἀλλὰ λογισμῷ, ὃς πολλῷ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν ἀκριβέστερός ἐστι πρὸς ἀληθείας εὕρεσιν. Μῦθοί τινες καταγέλαστοι ὑπὸ γραϊδίων κωθωνιζομένων παραληρούμενοι πανταχοῦ διεδόθησαν, ὅτι μαγγανείαις τισὶ τῆς οἰκείας ἕδρας ἀποκινηθεῖσα σελήνη πρὸς γῆν καταφέρεται. Πῶς μὲν οὖν κινήσει γοήτων ἐπαοιδὴ, ἣν αὐτὸς ἐθεμελίωσεν ὁ Ὕψιστος; Ποῖος δ' ἂν καὶ τόπος κατασπασθεῖσαν αὐτὴν ὑπεδέξατο; Βούλει ἀπὸ μικρῶν τεκμηρίων λαβεῖν τοῦ μεγέθους αὐτῆς τὴν ἀπόδειξιν; Αἱ κατὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην πόλεις πλεῖστον ἀλλήλων ἀπῳκισμέναι ταῖς κατὰ τὴν ἀνατολὴν τετραμμέναις ῥυμοτομίαις, ἐξίσου πᾶσαι τὸ σεληναῖον φῶς ὑποδέχονται. Αἷς εἰ μὴ πάσαις ἀντιπρόσωπος ἦν, τοὺς μὲν ἐπ' εὐθείας τῶν στενωπῶν πάντως ἂν κατεφώτισε, τοὺς δὲ τὸ πλάτος αὐτῆς ὑπερπίπτοντας ἐγκεκλιμέναις ἂν ταῖς αὐγαῖς ἐπὶ τὰ πλάγια παραφερομέναις προσέβαλλεν. Ὅπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν λύχνων ἐστὶν ἰδεῖν κατὰ τοὺς οἴκους γινόμενον. Ἐπειδὰν πλείους περιστῶσιν αὐτὸν, ἡ μὲν τοῦ κατ' εὐθεῖαν ἑστῶτος σκιὰ πρὸς τὸ ὄρθιον ἀποτείνεται, αἱ δὲ λοιπαὶ καθ' ἑκάτερον μέρος ἐκκλίνουσιν. Ὥστε εἰ μὴ ἄπλετόν τι ἦν καὶ ὑπερέχον μεγέθει τὸ σεληνιακὸν σῶμα, οὐκ ἂν ὁμοίως ἀντιπαρετείνετο πᾶσιν. Ὁμοίως γὰρ αὐτῆς ἀπὸ τῶν ἰσημερινῶν τόπων ἀνατελλούσης οἵ τε προσοικοῦντες τῇ κατεψυγμένῃ καὶ ὑπὸ τὰς περιστροφὰς τῆς ἄρκτου κείμενοι μεταλαμβάνουσι, καὶ οἱ κατὰ τὰ κοῖλα τῆς μεσημβρίας τῆς διακεκαυμένης γείτονες: οἷς πᾶσι κατὰ τὸ πλάτος ἀντιπαρήκουσα, σαφεστάτην μαρτυρίαν τοῦ μεγέθους παρέχεται. Τίς οὖν ἀντερεῖ μὴ οὐχὶ παμμέγεθες αὐτῆς εἶναι τὸ σῶμα, τὸ τηλικούτοις ὁμοῦ καὶ τοσούτοις διαστήμασιν ἐξισούμενον; Καὶ τὰ μὲν περὶ μεγεθῶν ἡλίου καὶ σελήνης ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον. Ἡμῖν δὲ ὁ χαρισάμενος διάνοιαν ἐκ τῶν μικροτάτων τῆς κτίσεως τὴν μεγάλην τοῦ τεχνίτου σοφίαν καταμανθάνειν, παράσχοι καὶ ἐκ τῶν μεγάλων μείζονας λαμβάνειν τὰς ἐννοίας τοῦ κτίσαντος. Καίτοιγε συγκρίσει τοῦ ποιητοῦ, ἥλιος καὶ σελήνη ἐμπίδος καὶ μύρμηκος ἐπέχουσι λόγον. Οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἀξίαν τοῦ μεγέθους τοῦ Θεοῦ τῶν ὅλων ἐκ τούτων λαβεῖν τὴν θεωρίαν, ἀλλὰ μικραῖς τισι καὶ ἀμυδραῖς ἐμφάσεσι δι' αὐτῶν προβιβασθῆναι, ὥσπερ καὶ δι' ἑκάστου τῶν μικροτάτων ἐν ζῴοις ἢ ἐν βοτάναις. Ἀρκέσθωμεν τοῖς εἰρημένοις: ἐγὼ μὲν εὐχαριστήσας τῷ τὴν μικράν μοι ταύτην διακονίαν τοῦ λόγου χαρισαμένῳ, ὑμεῖς δὲ τῷ διατρέφοντι ὑμᾶς ταῖς πνευματικαῖς τροφαῖς, ὃς καὶ νῦν ὑμᾶς οἷον κριθίνῳ τινὶ ἄρτῳ τῇ εὐτελείᾳ τῆς ἡμετέρας φωνῆς διέθρεψε: καὶ διατρέφοι γε εἰς ἀεὶ, κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν τῆς πίστεως χαριζόμενος ὑμῖν τὴν φανέρωσιν τοῦ Πνεύματος, ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.