Homily I.

 1. It is right that any one beginning to narrate the formation of the world should begin with the good order which reigns in visible things. I am abou

 2. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.” I stop struck with admiration at this thought. What shall I first say? Where shall I begin

 3. Do not then imagine, O man! that the visible world is without a beginning and because the celestial bodies move in a circular course, and it is di

 4. One day, doubtless, their terrible condemnation will be the greater for all this worldly wisdom, since, seeing so clearly into vain sciences, they

 5. It appears, indeed, that even before this world an order of things existed of which our mind can form an idea, but of which we can say nothing, bec

 6. Such being the different senses of the word beginning, see if we have not all the meanings here. You may know the epoch when the formation of this

 7. Among arts, some have in view production, some practice, others theory. The object of the last is the exercise of thought, that of the second, the

 8. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.” If we were to wish to discover the essence of each of the beings which are offered for our

 9. Do you suppose that a heavier body prevents the earth from falling into the abyss? Then you must consider that this support needs itself a support

 10. There are inquirers into nature who with a great display of words give reasons for the immobility of the earth. Placed, they say, in the middle of

 11. We might say the same thing of the heavens. With what a noise of words the sages of this world have discussed their nature! Some have said that he

 Homily II.

 1. In the few words which have occupied us this morning we have found such a depth of thought that we despair of penetrating further. If such is the f

 2. But the corrupters of the truth, who, incapable of submitting their reason to Holy Scripture, distort at will the meaning of the Holy Scriptures, p

 3. God created the heavens and the earth, but not only half —He created all the heavens and all the earth, creating the essence with the form. For He

 4. “Darkness was upon the face of the deep.” A new source for fables and most impious imaginations if one distorts the sense of these words at the wil

 5. Do not then go beyond yourself to seek for evil, and imagine that there is an original nature of wickedness. Each of us, let us acknowledge it, is

 6.  And the Spirit of God was borne upon the face of the waters  .

 7.  And God said, Let there be light  .

 8. “  And God called the light Day and the darkness he called Night  .”

 Homily III.

 1. We have now recounted the works of the first day, or rather of one day. Far be it from me indeed, to take from it the privilege it enjoys of having

 2. And God said “Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.” Yesterday we heard God’s decree,

 3. In the second place, does the firmament that is called heaven differ from the firmament that God made in the beginning? Are there two heavens? The

 4. “  And God said, let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. And God made the firmament, and

 5. But let us continue our explanation: “  Let it divide the waters from the waters  .”

 6. Survey creation you will see the power of heat reigning over all that is born and perishes. On account of it comes all the water spread over the e

 7. Therefore we read: “  Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters  .” I have said what the wo

 8. “  And God called the firmament heaven  .”

 9. But as far as concerns the separation of the waters I am obliged to contest the opinion of certain writers in the Church who, under the shadow of h

 10. “  And God saw that it was good  .” God does not judge of the beauty of His work by the charm of the eyes, and He does not form the same idea of b

 Homily IV.

 1. There are towns where the inhabitants, from dawn to eve, feast their eyes on the tricks of innumerable conjurors. They are never tired of hearing d

 2. “  And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear, and it was so  .” And the water

 3. “Let the waters be gathered together.” It was ordered that it should be the natural property of water to flow, and in obedience to this order, the

 4. To say that the waters were gathered in one place indicates that previously they were scattered in many places. The mountains, intersected by deep

 5. And God said: “  Let the waters be gathered together unto one place and let the dry land appear  .” He did not say let the earth appear, so as not

 6. “  And God saw that it was good  .”

 7. Thus, in the eyes of God, the sea is good, because it makes the under current of moisture in the depths of the earth. It is good again, because fro

 Homily V.

 1. “  And God said Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself 

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth grass yielding seed after his kind  .” So that although some kind of grass is of service to animals, even their gain i

 3. Up to this point, the order in which plants shoot bears witness to their first arrangement. Every herb, every plant proceeds from a germ. If, like

 4. What shall I say? What shall I leave unsaid? In the rich treasures of creation it is difficult to select what is most precious the loss of what is

 5. “  Let the earth bring forth grass  .” What spontaneous provision is included in these words,—that which is present in the root, in the plant itsel

 6. “  Let the earth  ,” the Creator adds, “  bring forth the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself 

 7. But let us return to the examination of the ingenious contrivances of creation. How many trees then arose, some to give us their fruits, others to

 8. Plants reproduce themselves in so many different ways, that we can only touch upon the chief among them. As to fruits themselves, who could review

 9. But what need is there to continue, when in the same fig tree we have the most opposite flavours, as bitter in the sap as it is sweet in the fruit?

 10. “  Let the earth bring forth  .” This short command was in a moment a vast nature, an elaborate system. Swifter than thought it produced the count

 Homily VI.

 1. At the shows in the circus the spectator must join in the efforts of the athletes. This the laws of the show indicate, for they prescribe that all

 2. “  And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, and to divide the day from the night  .”

 3. And let no one suppose it to be a thing incredible that the brightness of the light is one thing, and the body which is its material vehicle is ano

 4. “  And let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years  .”

 5. But those who overstep the borders, making the words of Scripture their apology for the art of casting nativities, pretend that our lives depend up

 6. But what effects are produced? Such an one will have curly hair and bright eyes, because he is born under the Ram such is the appearance of a ram.

 7. They do not, however, stop here even our acts, where each one feels his will ruling, I mean, the practice of virtue or of vice, depend, according

 8. Let us return to the words which follow. “Let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and years.” We have spoken about signs. By times, we u

 9. “  And God made two great lights  .”

 10. See again another evident proof of its greatness. Although the heaven may be full of stars without number, the light contributed by them all could

 11. On its variations depends also the condition of the air, as is proved by sudden disturbances which often come after the new moon, in the midst of

 Homily VII.

 1. “  And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life  ” after their kind, “  and fowl that may fly above the e

 2. “Let the waters bring forth moving creatures after their kind.” God caused to be born the firstlings of each species to serve as seeds for nature.

 3. The food of fish differs according to their species. Some feed on mud others eat sea weed others content themselves with the herbs that grow in w

 4. It is not thus with us. Why? Because we incessantly move the ancient landmarks which our fathers have set. We encroach, we add house to house, fiel

 5. I myself have seen these marvels, and I have admired the wisdom of God in all things. If beings deprived of reason are capable of thinking and of p

 6. Let husbands listen as well: here is a lesson for them. The viper vomits forth its venom in respect for marriage and you, will you not put aside t

 Homily VIII.

 1. And God said “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle and creeping things, and beast of the earth after his kind an

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth a living soul  .” Why did the earth produce a living soul? so that you may make a difference between the soul of cattl

 3. There are also innumerable kinds of birds. If we review them all, as we have partly done the fish, we shall find that under one name, the creatures

 4. What a variety, I have said, in the actions and lives of flying creatures. Some of these unreasoning creatures even have a government, if the featu

 5. How shall we make an exact review of all the peculiarities of the life of birds? During the night cranes keep watch in turn some sleep, others mak

 6. It is said that the turtle-dove, once separated from her mate, does not contract a new union, but remains in widowhood, in remembrance of her first

 7. “  Let the waters bring forth the moving creatures that have life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven  .” They r

 8. If we simply read the words of Scripture we find only a few short syllables. “Let the waters bring forth fowl that may fly above the earth in the o

 Homily IX.

 1. How did you like the fare of my morning’s discourse? It seemed to me that I had the good intentions of a poor giver of a feast, who, ambitious of h

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature  .”

 3. “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature  .” Thus when the soul of brutes appeared it was not concealed in the earth, but it was born by th

 4. Virtues exist in us also by nature, and the soul has affinity with them not by education, but by nature herself. We do not need lessons to hate ill

 5. But let us return to the spectacle of creation. The easiest animals to catch are the most productive. It is on account of this that hares and wild

 6. Beasts bear witness to the faith. Hast thou confidence in the Lord? “Thou shalt walk upon the asp and the basilisk and thou shalt trample under fee

2. “  Let the earth bring forth a living soul .” Why did the earth produce a living soul? so that you may make a difference between the soul of cattle and that of man. You will soon learn how the human soul was formed; hear now about the soul of creatures devoid of reason. Since, according to Scripture, “the life of every creature is in the blood,”  7  cf. Lev. xvii. 11. as the blood when thickened changes into flesh, and flesh when corrupted decomposes into earth, so the soul of beasts is naturally an earthy substance. “Let the earth bring forth a living soul.” See the affinity of the soul with blood, of blood with flesh, of flesh with earth; and remounting in an inverse sense from the earth to the flesh, from the flesh to the blood, from the blood to the soul, you will find that the soul of beasts is earth. Do not suppose that it is older than the essence  8  ὑπόστασις. of their body, nor that it survives the dissolution of the flesh;  9  It may be supposed “that the souls of brutes, being but so many eradiations or effuxes from that source of life above, are, as soon as ever those organized bodies of theirs, by reason of their indisposition, become uncapable of being further acted upon by them, then to be resumed again and retracted back to their original head and fountain. Since it cannot be doubted but what creates anything out of nothing, or sends it forth from itself, by free and voluntary emanation, may be able either to retract the same back again to its original source, or else to annihilate it at pleasure. And I find that there have not wanted some among the Gentile philosophers themselves who have entertained this opinion, whereof Porphyry is one, λύεται ἑκάστη δύναμις ἀλογος εἰς τὴν ὅλην ζωὴν τοῦ πάντος.” Cudworth, i. 35. avoid the nonsense of those arrogant philosophers who do not blush to liken their soul to that of a dog; who say that they have been formerly themselves women, shrubs, fish.  10  Empedocles is named as author of the lines: ἤδη γὰρ ποτ᾽ ἐγὼ γενόμην κούρητε κόρος τε, Θάμνος τ᾽ οἰωνός τε καὶ εἰν ἁλὶ ἔλλοπος ἰχθύς cf. Diog. Laert. viii. 78, and Plutarch, D Solert. An. ii. 964. Whether the “faba Pythagoræ cognata” of Hor., Sat. ii. 6, 63, implies the transmigration of the soul into it is doubtful. cf. Juv., Sat. xv. 153. Anaximander thought that human beings were originally generated from fish. Plut., Symp. viii. 8. Have they ever been fish? I do not know; but I do not fear to affirm that in their writings they show less sense than fish. “Let the earth bring forth the living creature.” Perhaps many of you ask why there is such a long silence in the middle of the rapid rush of my discourse. The more studious among my auditors will not be ignorant of the reason why words fail me. What! Have I not seen them look at each other, and make signs to make me look at them, and to remind me of what I have passed over? I have forgotten a part of the creation, and that one of the most considerable, and my discourse was almost finished without touching upon it. “Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament, of heaven.”  11  Gen. i. 20. I spoke of fish as long as eventide allowed: to-day we have passed to the examination of terrestrial animals; between the two, birds have escaped us. We are forgetful like travellers who unmindful of some important object, are obliged, although they be far on their road, to retrace their steps, punished for their negligence by the weariness of the journey. So we have to turn back. That which we have omitted is not to be despised. It is the third part of the animal creation, if indeed there are three kinds of animals, land, winged and water.

“  Let the waters ” it is said “  bring forth abundantly moving creature that hath life and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven .” Why do the waters give birth also to birds? Because there is, so to say, a family link between the creatures that fly and those that swim. In the same way that fish cut the waters, using their fins to carry them forward and their tails to direct their movements round and round and straightforward, so we see birds float in the air by the help of their wings. Both endowed with the property of swimming, their common derivation from the waters has made them of one family.  12  Fialon quotes Bossuet, 1st Elev. 5th week: “Qui a donné aux oiseaux et aux poissons ces rames naturelles, qui leur font fendre les eaux et les airs? Ce qui peut être a donné lieu à leur Créateur de les produire ensemble, comme animaux d’un dessin à peu près semblable: le vol des oiseaux semblant, etre une espèce de faculté de nager dans une liqueur plus subtile, comme la faculté de nager dans les poissons est une espèce de vol dans une liqueur plus épaisse.” The theory of evolutionists is, as is well known, that birds developed out of reptiles and reptiles from fish. Vide E. Haeckel’s monophyletic pedigree in his History of Creation. At the same time no bird is without feet, because finding all its food upon the earth it cannot do without their service. Rapacious birds have pointed claws to enable them to close on their prey; to the rest has been given the indispensable ministry of feet to seek their food and to provide for the other needs of life. There are a few who walk badly, whose feet are neither suitable for walking nor for preying. Among this number are swallows, incapable of walking and seeking their prey, and the birds called swifts  13  δρεπανίς, i.e. sickle-bird. who live on little insects carried about by the air. As to the swallow, its flight, which grazes the earth, fulfils the function of feet.

7 cf. Lev. xvii. 11.
8 ὑπόστασις.
9 It may be supposed “that the souls of brutes, being but so many eradiations or effuxes from that source of life above, are, as soon as ever those organized bodies of theirs, by reason of their indisposition, become uncapable of being further acted upon by them, then to be resumed again and retracted back to their original head and fountain. Since it cannot be doubted but what creates anything out of nothing, or sends it forth from itself, by free and voluntary emanation, may be able either to retract the same back again to its original source, or else to annihilate it at pleasure. And I find that there have not wanted some among the Gentile philosophers themselves who have entertained this opinion, whereof Porphyry is one, λύεται ἑκάστη δύναμις ἀλογος εἰς τὴν ὅλην ζωὴν τοῦ πάντος.” Cudworth, i. 35.
10 Empedocles is named as author of the lines: ἤδη γὰρ ποτ᾽ ἐγὼ γενόμην κούρητε κόρος τε, Θάμνος τ᾽ οἰωνός τε καὶ εἰν ἁλὶ ἔλλοπος ἰχθύς cf. Diog. Laert. viii. 78, and Plutarch, D Solert. An. ii. 964. Whether the “faba Pythagoræ cognata” of Hor., Sat. ii. 6, 63, implies the transmigration of the soul into it is doubtful. cf. Juv., Sat. xv. 153. Anaximander thought that human beings were originally generated from fish. Plut., Symp. viii. 8.
11 Gen. i. 20.
12 Fialon quotes Bossuet, 1st Elev. 5th week: “Qui a donné aux oiseaux et aux poissons ces rames naturelles, qui leur font fendre les eaux et les airs? Ce qui peut être a donné lieu à leur Créateur de les produire ensemble, comme animaux d’un dessin à peu près semblable: le vol des oiseaux semblant, etre une espèce de faculté de nager dans une liqueur plus subtile, comme la faculté de nager dans les poissons est une espèce de vol dans une liqueur plus épaisse.” The theory of evolutionists is, as is well known, that birds developed out of reptiles and reptiles from fish. Vide E. Haeckel’s monophyletic pedigree in his History of Creation.
13 δρεπανίς, i.e. sickle-bird.

Ἐξαγαγέτω ἡ γῆ ψυχὴν ζῶσαν. Διὰ τί ἡ γῆ ψυχὴν ζῶσαν ἐξάγει; Ἵνα μάθῃς διαφορὰν ψυχῆς κτήνους καὶ ψυχῆς ἀνθρώπου. Μικρὸν ὕστερον γνώσῃ, πῶς ἡ ψυχὴ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου συνέστη: νῦν δὲ ἄκουε περὶ τῆς τῶν ἀλόγων ψυχῆς. Ἐπειδὴ κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον, παντὸς ζῴου ἡ ψυχὴ τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐστιν: αἷμα δὲ παγὲν εἰς σάρκα πέφυκε μεταβάλλειν: ἡ δὲ σὰρξ φθαρεῖσα εἰς γῆν ἀναλύεται: γεηρά τίς ἐστιν εἰκότως ἡ ψυχὴ τῶν κτηνῶν. Ἐξαγαγέτω οὖν ἡ γῆ ψυχὴν ζῶσαν. Ὅρα τὴν ἀκολουθίαν ψυχῆς πρὸς αἷμα, αἵματος πρὸς σάρκα, σαρκὸς πρὸς τὴν γῆν: καὶ πάλιν ἀναλύσας διὰ τῶν αὐτῶν ἀναπόδισον ἀπὸ γῆς εἰς σάρκα, ἀπὸ σαρκὸς εἰς αἷμα, ἀπὸ αἵματος εἰς ψυχήν: καὶ εὑρήσεις ὅτι γῆ ἐστι τῶν κτηνῶν ἡ ψυχή. Μὴ νόμιζε πρεσβυτέραν εἶναι τῆς τοῦ σώματος αὐτῶν ὑποστάσεως, μηδὲ ἐπιδιαμένουσαν μετὰ τὴν τῆς σαρκὸς διάλυσιν. Φεῦγε φληνάφους τῶν σοβαρῶν φιλοσόφων, οἳ οὐκ αἰσχύνονται τὰς ἑαυτῶν ψυχὰς καὶ τὰς κυνείας ὁμοειδεῖς ἀλλήλαις τιθέμενοι: οἱ λέγοντες ἑαυτοὺς γεγενῆσθαί ποτε καὶ γυναῖκας καὶ θάμνους καὶ ἰχθύας θαλασσίους. Ἐγὼ δὲ εἰ μὲν ἐγένοντό ποτε ἰχθῦς οὐκ ἂν εἴποιμι, ὅτι δὲ ἐν ᾧ ταῦτα ἔγραφον τῶν ἰχθύων ἦσαν ἀλογώτεροι, καὶ πάνυ εὐτόνως διατειναίμην. Ἐξαγαγέτω ἡ γῆ ψυχὴν ζῶσαν. Τίνος ἕνεκεν, τοῦ λόγου τρέχοντος ἀθρόως, ἀπεσιώπησα χρόνον οὐκ ὀλίγον, ἴσως θαυμάζουσιν οἱ πολλοί: ἀλλ' οὐχὶ οἵγε φιλοπονώτεροι τῶν ἀκροατῶν ἀγνοοῦσι τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς ἀφασίας. Πῶς γάρ; οἱ διὰ τοῦ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ὁρᾶν καὶ ἐννεύειν ἐπιστρέψαντές με πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς, καὶ εἰς ἔννοιαν ἀγαγόντες τῶν παρεθέντων. Εἶδος γὰρ ὅλον τῆς κτίσεως, καὶ οὐκ ἐλάχιστον τοῦτο, παρέλαθεν ἡμᾶς, καὶ μικροῦ ἀπιὼν ᾤχετο ἀνεξέταστον παντελῶς ὁ λόγος καταλιπών. Ἐξαγαγέτω γὰρ τὰ ὕδατα ἑρπετὰ ψυχῶν ζωσῶν κατὰ γένος, καὶ πετεινὰ πετόμενα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς κατὰ τὸ στερέωμα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ. Εἴπαμεν τὰ περὶ τῶν νηκτῶν, ὅσα ὁ καιρὸς ἐνεδίδου ἑσπέρας: σήμερον μετέβημεν ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν χερσαίων ἐξέτασιν. Διέφυγεν ἡμᾶς τὸ πτηνὸν ἐν τῷ μέσῳ. Ἀνάγκη τοίνυν, κατὰ τοὺς ἐπιλήσμονας τῶν ὁδοιπόρων, οἳ ἐπειδάν τι τῶν καιρίων καταλίπωσι, κἂν ἐπιπολὺ τῆς ὁδοῦ προέλθωσι, πάλιν τὴν αὐτὴν ὑποστρέφουσιν, ἀξίαν τῆς ῥᾳθυμίας δίκην τὸν ἐκ τῆς ὁδοιπορίας κόπον ὑπέχοντες, οὕτω καὶ ἡμῖν, ὡς ἔοικε, τὴν αὐτὴν πάλιν βαδιστέον. Καὶ γὰρ οὐδὲ εὐκαταφρόνητόν ἐστι τὸ παρεθὲν, ἀλλὰ τὸ τρίτον ἔοικεν εἶναι τῆς ἐν τοῖς ζῴοις κτίσεως, εἴπερ τρία ζῴων ἐστὶ γένη, τό τε χερσαῖον, καὶ τὸ πτηνὸν, καὶ τὸ ἔνυδρον. Ἐξαγαγέτω, φησὶ, τὰ ὕδατα ἑρπετὰ ψυχῶν ζωσῶν κατὰ γένος, καὶ πετεινὰ πετόμενα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς κατὰ τὸ στερέωμα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ κατὰ γένος. Διὰ τί ἐξ ὑδάτων καὶ τοῖς πτηνοῖς τὴν γένεσιν ἔδωκεν; Ὅτι ὥσπερ συγγένειά τίς ἐστι τοῖς πετομένοις πρὸς τὰ νηκτά. Καὶ γὰρ ὥσπερ οἱ ἰχθῦς τὸ ὕδωρ τέμνουσι, τῇ μὲν κινήσει τῶν πτερύγων εἰς τὸ πρόσω χωροῦντες, τῇ δὲ τοῦ οὐραίου μεταβολῇ τάς τε περιστροφὰς καὶ τὰς εὐθείας ὁρμὰς ἑαυτοῖς οἰακίζοντες: οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν πτηνῶν ἐστιν ἰδεῖν διανηχομένων τὸν ἀέρα τοῖς πτεροῖς κατὰ τὸν ὅμοιον τρόπον. Ὥστε ἐπειδὴ ἓν ἰδίωμα ἐν ἑκατέροις τὸ νήχεσθαι, μία τις αὐτοῖς ἡ συγγένεια ἐκ τῆς τῶν ὑδάτων γενέσεως παρεσχέθη. Πλήν γε ὅτι οὐδὲν τῶν πτηνῶν ἄπουν, διὰ τὸ πᾶσι τὴν δίαιταν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ὑπάρχειν, καὶ πάντα ἀναγκαίως τῆς τῶν ποδῶν ὑπουργίας προσδεῖσθαι. Τοῖς μὲν γὰρ ἁρπακτικοῖς πρὸς τὴν ἄγραν αἱ τῶν ὀνύχων ἀκμαί: τοῖς δὲ λοιποῖς, διά τε τὸν πορισμὸν τῆς τροφῆς, καὶ διὰ τὴν λοιπὴν τοῦ βίου διεξαγωγὴν, ἀναγκαία τῶν ποδῶν ἡ ὑπηρεσία δεδώρηται. Ὀλίγοι δὲ τῶν ὀρνίθων κακόποδές εἰσιν, οὔτε βαδίζειν οὔτε ἀγρεύειν τοῖς ποσὶν ἐπιτήδειοι: ὡς αἵ τε χελιδόνες εἰσὶ, οὔτε βαδίζειν, οὔτε ἀγρεύειν δυνάμεναι, καὶ αἱ δρεπανίδες λεγόμεναι, οἷς ἡ τροφὴ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐν τῷ ἀέρι ἐμφερομένων ἐπινενόηται. Χελιδόνι δὲ τὸ τῆς πτήσεως πρόσγειον ἀντὶ τῆς τῶν ποδῶν ὑπηρεσίας ἐστίν.