Homily I.

 1. It is right that any one beginning to narrate the formation of the world should begin with the good order which reigns in visible things. I am abou

 2. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.” I stop struck with admiration at this thought. What shall I first say? Where shall I begin

 3. Do not then imagine, O man! that the visible world is without a beginning and because the celestial bodies move in a circular course, and it is di

 4. One day, doubtless, their terrible condemnation will be the greater for all this worldly wisdom, since, seeing so clearly into vain sciences, they

 5. It appears, indeed, that even before this world an order of things existed of which our mind can form an idea, but of which we can say nothing, bec

 6. Such being the different senses of the word beginning, see if we have not all the meanings here. You may know the epoch when the formation of this

 7. Among arts, some have in view production, some practice, others theory. The object of the last is the exercise of thought, that of the second, the

 8. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.” If we were to wish to discover the essence of each of the beings which are offered for our

 9. Do you suppose that a heavier body prevents the earth from falling into the abyss? Then you must consider that this support needs itself a support

 10. There are inquirers into nature who with a great display of words give reasons for the immobility of the earth. Placed, they say, in the middle of

 11. We might say the same thing of the heavens. With what a noise of words the sages of this world have discussed their nature! Some have said that he

 Homily II.

 1. In the few words which have occupied us this morning we have found such a depth of thought that we despair of penetrating further. If such is the f

 2. But the corrupters of the truth, who, incapable of submitting their reason to Holy Scripture, distort at will the meaning of the Holy Scriptures, p

 3. God created the heavens and the earth, but not only half —He created all the heavens and all the earth, creating the essence with the form. For He

 4. “Darkness was upon the face of the deep.” A new source for fables and most impious imaginations if one distorts the sense of these words at the wil

 5. Do not then go beyond yourself to seek for evil, and imagine that there is an original nature of wickedness. Each of us, let us acknowledge it, is

 6.  And the Spirit of God was borne upon the face of the waters  .

 7.  And God said, Let there be light  .

 8. “  And God called the light Day and the darkness he called Night  .”

 Homily III.

 1. We have now recounted the works of the first day, or rather of one day. Far be it from me indeed, to take from it the privilege it enjoys of having

 2. And God said “Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.” Yesterday we heard God’s decree,

 3. In the second place, does the firmament that is called heaven differ from the firmament that God made in the beginning? Are there two heavens? The

 4. “  And God said, let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. And God made the firmament, and

 5. But let us continue our explanation: “  Let it divide the waters from the waters  .”

 6. Survey creation you will see the power of heat reigning over all that is born and perishes. On account of it comes all the water spread over the e

 7. Therefore we read: “  Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters  .” I have said what the wo

 8. “  And God called the firmament heaven  .”

 9. But as far as concerns the separation of the waters I am obliged to contest the opinion of certain writers in the Church who, under the shadow of h

 10. “  And God saw that it was good  .” God does not judge of the beauty of His work by the charm of the eyes, and He does not form the same idea of b

 Homily IV.

 1. There are towns where the inhabitants, from dawn to eve, feast their eyes on the tricks of innumerable conjurors. They are never tired of hearing d

 2. “  And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear, and it was so  .” And the water

 3. “Let the waters be gathered together.” It was ordered that it should be the natural property of water to flow, and in obedience to this order, the

 4. To say that the waters were gathered in one place indicates that previously they were scattered in many places. The mountains, intersected by deep

 5. And God said: “  Let the waters be gathered together unto one place and let the dry land appear  .” He did not say let the earth appear, so as not

 6. “  And God saw that it was good  .”

 7. Thus, in the eyes of God, the sea is good, because it makes the under current of moisture in the depths of the earth. It is good again, because fro

 Homily V.

 1. “  And God said Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself 

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth grass yielding seed after his kind  .” So that although some kind of grass is of service to animals, even their gain i

 3. Up to this point, the order in which plants shoot bears witness to their first arrangement. Every herb, every plant proceeds from a germ. If, like

 4. What shall I say? What shall I leave unsaid? In the rich treasures of creation it is difficult to select what is most precious the loss of what is

 5. “  Let the earth bring forth grass  .” What spontaneous provision is included in these words,—that which is present in the root, in the plant itsel

 6. “  Let the earth  ,” the Creator adds, “  bring forth the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself 

 7. But let us return to the examination of the ingenious contrivances of creation. How many trees then arose, some to give us their fruits, others to

 8. Plants reproduce themselves in so many different ways, that we can only touch upon the chief among them. As to fruits themselves, who could review

 9. But what need is there to continue, when in the same fig tree we have the most opposite flavours, as bitter in the sap as it is sweet in the fruit?

 10. “  Let the earth bring forth  .” This short command was in a moment a vast nature, an elaborate system. Swifter than thought it produced the count

 Homily VI.

 1. At the shows in the circus the spectator must join in the efforts of the athletes. This the laws of the show indicate, for they prescribe that all

 2. “  And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, and to divide the day from the night  .”

 3. And let no one suppose it to be a thing incredible that the brightness of the light is one thing, and the body which is its material vehicle is ano

 4. “  And let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years  .”

 5. But those who overstep the borders, making the words of Scripture their apology for the art of casting nativities, pretend that our lives depend up

 6. But what effects are produced? Such an one will have curly hair and bright eyes, because he is born under the Ram such is the appearance of a ram.

 7. They do not, however, stop here even our acts, where each one feels his will ruling, I mean, the practice of virtue or of vice, depend, according

 8. Let us return to the words which follow. “Let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and years.” We have spoken about signs. By times, we u

 9. “  And God made two great lights  .”

 10. See again another evident proof of its greatness. Although the heaven may be full of stars without number, the light contributed by them all could

 11. On its variations depends also the condition of the air, as is proved by sudden disturbances which often come after the new moon, in the midst of

 Homily VII.

 1. “  And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life  ” after their kind, “  and fowl that may fly above the e

 2. “Let the waters bring forth moving creatures after their kind.” God caused to be born the firstlings of each species to serve as seeds for nature.

 3. The food of fish differs according to their species. Some feed on mud others eat sea weed others content themselves with the herbs that grow in w

 4. It is not thus with us. Why? Because we incessantly move the ancient landmarks which our fathers have set. We encroach, we add house to house, fiel

 5. I myself have seen these marvels, and I have admired the wisdom of God in all things. If beings deprived of reason are capable of thinking and of p

 6. Let husbands listen as well: here is a lesson for them. The viper vomits forth its venom in respect for marriage and you, will you not put aside t

 Homily VIII.

 1. And God said “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle and creeping things, and beast of the earth after his kind an

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth a living soul  .” Why did the earth produce a living soul? so that you may make a difference between the soul of cattl

 3. There are also innumerable kinds of birds. If we review them all, as we have partly done the fish, we shall find that under one name, the creatures

 4. What a variety, I have said, in the actions and lives of flying creatures. Some of these unreasoning creatures even have a government, if the featu

 5. How shall we make an exact review of all the peculiarities of the life of birds? During the night cranes keep watch in turn some sleep, others mak

 6. It is said that the turtle-dove, once separated from her mate, does not contract a new union, but remains in widowhood, in remembrance of her first

 7. “  Let the waters bring forth the moving creatures that have life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven  .” They r

 8. If we simply read the words of Scripture we find only a few short syllables. “Let the waters bring forth fowl that may fly above the earth in the o

 Homily IX.

 1. How did you like the fare of my morning’s discourse? It seemed to me that I had the good intentions of a poor giver of a feast, who, ambitious of h

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature  .”

 3. “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature  .” Thus when the soul of brutes appeared it was not concealed in the earth, but it was born by th

 4. Virtues exist in us also by nature, and the soul has affinity with them not by education, but by nature herself. We do not need lessons to hate ill

 5. But let us return to the spectacle of creation. The easiest animals to catch are the most productive. It is on account of this that hares and wild

 6. Beasts bear witness to the faith. Hast thou confidence in the Lord? “Thou shalt walk upon the asp and the basilisk and thou shalt trample under fee

5. How shall we make an exact review of all the peculiarities of the life of birds? During the night cranes keep watch in turn; some sleep, others make the rounds and procure a quiet slumber for their companions. After having finished his duty, the sentry utters a cry, and goes to sleep, and the one who awakes, in his turn, repays the security which he has enjoyed.  25  Arist., Hist. An. ix. 10. You will see the same order reign in their flight. One leads the way, and when it has guided the flight of the flock for a certain time, it passes to the rear, leaving to the one who comes after the care of directing the march.

The conduct of storks comes very near intelligent reason. In these regions the same season sees them all migrate. They all start at one given signal. And it seems to me that our crows, serving them as escort, go to bring them back, and to help them against the attacks of hostile birds. The proof is that in this season not a single crow appears, and that they return with wounds, evident marks of the help and of the assistance that they have lent. Who has explained to them the laws of hospitality? Who has threatened them with the penalties of desertion? For not one is missing from the company. Listen, all inhospitable hearts, ye who shut your doors, whose house is never open either in the winter or in the night to travellers. The solicitude of storks for their old would be sufficient, if our children would reflect upon it, to make them love their parents; because there is no one so failing in good sense, as not to deem it a shame to be surpassed in virtue by birds devoid of reason. The storks surround their father, when old age makes his feathers drop off, warm him with their wings, and provide abundantly for his support, and even in their flight they help him as much as they are able, raising him gently on each side upon their wings, a conduct so notorious that it has given to gratitude the name of “antipelargosis.”  26  From πελαργός. On the pious affection of the stork, cf. Plato, Alc. i. 135 (§ 61), Arist., H.A. ix. 13, 20, Ælian, H.A. iii. 23 and x. 16, and Plin. x. 32. From πελαργὸς was supposed to be derived the Pythagorean word πελαργᾶν (Diog. Laert. viii. 20), but this is now regarded as a corruption of πεδαρτᾶν. Let no one lament poverty; let not the man whose house is bare despair of his life, when he considers the industry of the swallow. To build her nest, she brings bits of straw in her beak; and, as she cannot raise the mud in her claws, she moistens the end of her wings in water and then rolls in very fine dust and thus procures mud.  27  “Hirundines luto construunt, stramine roborant: si quando inopia est luti, madefactæ multa aqua pennis pulverem spargunt.” Plin. x. 49. cf. Arist., Hist. An. ix. 10. After having united, little by little, the bits of straw with this mud, as with glue, she feeds her young; and if any one of them has its eyes injured, she has a natural remedy to heal the sight of her little ones.  28  “Chelidoniam visui saluberriman hirundines monstravere, vexatis pullorum oculis illa medentes.” Plin. viii. 41. cf. Ælian, H.A. iii. 25. Chelidonia is swallowwort or celandine.

This sight ought to warn you not to take to evil ways on account of poverty; and, even if you are reduced to the last extremity, not to lose all hope; not to abandon yourself to inaction and idleness, but to have recourse to God. If He is so bountiful to the swallow, what will He not do for those who call upon Him with all their heart?

The halcyon is a sea bird, which lays its eggs along the shore, or deposits them in the sand. And it lays in the middle of winter, when the violence of the winds dashes the sea against the land. Yet all winds are hushed, and the wave of the sea grows calm, during the seven days that the halcyon sits.  29  “Fœtificant bruma, qui dies halcyonides vocantur, placido mari per eos et navigabili, Siculo maxime. Plin. x. 47. cf. Arist., H.A. v. 8, 9, and Ælian, H. N. i. 36. So Theoc. vii. 57: Χ᾽ ἁλκυόνες στορεσεῦντι τὰ κύματα, τάν τε θάλασσαν Τόν τε νότον τόντ᾽ εὖρον ὃς ἔσχατα φυκία κινεῖ Sir Thomas Browne (Vulgar Errors) denies the use of a kingfisher as a weather-gauge, but says nothing as to the “halcyon days.” Kingfishers are rarely seen in the open sea, but haunt estuaries which are calm without any special miracle. Possibly the halcyon was a tern or sea-swallow, which resembles a kingfisher, but they brood on land.

For it only takes seven days to hatch the young. Then, as they are in need of food so that they may grow, God, in His munificence, grants another seven days to this tiny animal. All sailors know this, and call these days halcyon days. If divine Providence has established these marvellous laws in favour of creatures devoid of reason, it is to induce you to ask for your salvation from God. Is there a wonder which He will not perform for you—you have been made in His image, when for so little a bird, the great, the fearful sea is held in check and is commanded in the midst of winter to be calm.

25 Arist., Hist. An. ix. 10.
26 From πελαργός. On the pious affection of the stork, cf. Plato, Alc. i. 135 (§ 61), Arist., H.A. ix. 13, 20, Ælian, H.A. iii. 23 and x. 16, and Plin. x. 32. From πελαργὸς was supposed to be derived the Pythagorean word πελαργᾶν (Diog. Laert. viii. 20), but this is now regarded as a corruption of πεδαρτᾶν.
27 “Hirundines luto construunt, stramine roborant: si quando inopia est luti, madefactæ multa aqua pennis pulverem spargunt.” Plin. x. 49. cf. Arist., Hist. An. ix. 10.
28 “Chelidoniam visui saluberriman hirundines monstravere, vexatis pullorum oculis illa medentes.” Plin. viii. 41. cf. Ælian, H.A. iii. 25. Chelidonia is swallowwort or celandine.
29 “Fœtificant bruma, qui dies halcyonides vocantur, placido mari per eos et navigabili, Siculo maxime. Plin. x. 47. cf. Arist., H.A. v. 8, 9, and Ælian, H. N. i. 36. So Theoc. vii. 57: Χ᾽ ἁλκυόνες στορεσεῦντι τὰ κύματα, τάν τε θάλασσαν Τόν τε νότον τόντ᾽ εὖρον ὃς ἔσχατα φυκία κινεῖ Sir Thomas Browne (Vulgar Errors) denies the use of a kingfisher as a weather-gauge, but says nothing as to the “halcyon days.” Kingfishers are rarely seen in the open sea, but haunt estuaries which are calm without any special miracle. Possibly the halcyon was a tern or sea-swallow, which resembles a kingfisher, but they brood on land.

Πῶς ἄν σοι πάντα δι' ἀκριβείας ἐπέλθοιμι τὰ ἐν τοῖς βίοις τῶν ὀρνίθων ἰδιώματα; Πῶς μὲν αἱ γέρανοι τὰς ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ προφυλακὰς ἐκ περιτροπῆς ὑποδέχονται: καὶ αἱ μὲν καθεύδουσιν, αἱ δὲ κύκλῳ περιιοῦσαι, πᾶσαν αὐταῖς ἐν τῷ ὕπνῳ παρέχονται τὴν ἀσφάλειαν: εἶτα τοῦ καιροῦ τῆς φυλακῆς πληρουμένου, ἡ μὲν βοήσασα πρὸς ὕπνον ἐτράπετο, ἡ δὲ τὴν διαδοχὴν ὑποδεξαμένη, ἧς ἔτυχεν ἀσφαλείας ἀντέδωκεν ἐν τῷ μέρει. Ταύτην καὶ ἐν τῇ πτήσει τὴν εὐταξίαν κατόψει. Ἄλλοτε γὰρ ἄλλη τὴν ὁδηγίαν ἐκδέχεται, καὶ τακτόν τινα χρόνον προκαθηγησαμένη τῆς πτήσεως, εἰς τὸ κατόπιν περιελθοῦσα, τῇ μεθ' ἑαυτὴν τὴν ἡγεμονίαν τῆς ὁδοῦ παραδίδωσι. Τὸ δὲ τῶν πελαργῶν οὐδὲ πόρρω ἐστὶ συνέσεως λογικῆς: οὕτω μὲν κατὰ τὸν ἕνα καιρὸν πάντας ἐπιδημεῖν τοῖς τῇδε χωρίοις: οὕτω δὲ ὑφ' ἑνὶ συνθήματι πάντας ἀπαίρειν. Δορυφοροῦσι δὲ αὐτοὺς αἱ παρ' ἡμῖν κορῶναι, καὶ παραπέμπουσιν, ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν, καὶ συμμαχίαν τινὰ παρεχόμεναι πρὸς ὄρνιθας πολεμίους. Σημεῖον δὲ, πρῶτον μὲν τὸ μὴ φαίνεσθαι ὑπὸ τὸν καιρὸν ἐκεῖνον κορώνην παντάπασιν, ἔπειθ' ὅτι μετὰ τραυμάτων ἐπανερχόμεναι ἐναργῆ τοῦ συνασπισμοῦ καὶ τῆς ἐπιμαχίας τὰ σημεῖα κομίζουσι. Τίς παρ' αὐταῖς τοὺς τῆς φιλοξενίας διώρισε νόμους; Τίς αὐταῖς ἠπείλησε λειποστρατίου γραφὴν, ὡς μηδεμίαν ἀπολείπεσθαι τῆς προπομπῆς. Ἀκουέτωσαν οἱ κακόξενοι, καὶ τὰς θύρας κλείοντες, καὶ μηδὲ στέγης ἐν χειμῶνι καὶ νυκτὶ τοῖς ἐπιδημοῦσι μεταδιδόντες. Ἡ δὲ περὶ τοὺς γηράσαντας τῶν πελαργῶν πρόνοια ἐξήρκει τοὺς παῖδας ἡμῶν, εἰ προσέχειν ἐβούλοντο, φιλοπάτορας καταστῆσαι. Πάντως γὰρ οὐδεὶς οὕτως ἐλλείπων κατὰ τὴν φρόνησιν, ὡς μὴ αἰσχύνης ἄξιον κρίνειν τῶν ἀλογωτάτων ὀρνίθων ὑστερίζειν κατ' ἀρετήν. Ἐκεῖνοι τὸν πατέρα ὑπὸ τοῦ γήρως πτερορρυήσαντα περιστάντες ἐν κύκλῳ τοῖς οἰκείοις πτεροῖς διαθάλπουσι, καὶ τὰς τροφὰς ἀφθόνως παρασκευάζοντες, τὴν δυνατὴν καὶ ἐν τῇ πτήσει παρέχονται βοήθειαν, ἠρέμα τῷ πτερῷ κουφίζοντες ἑκατέρωθεν. Καὶ οὕτω τοῦτο παρὰ πᾶσι διαβεβόηται, ὥστε ἤδη τινὲς τὴν τῶν εὐεργετημάτων ἀντίδοσιν ἀντιπελάργωσιν ὀνομάζουσι. Μηδεὶς πενίαν ὀδυρέσθω: μηδὲ ἀπογινωσκέτω ἑαυτοῦ τὴν ζωὴν, ὁ μηδεμίαν οἴκοι περιουσίαν καταλιπὼν, πρὸς τὸ τῆς χελιδόνος εὐμήχανον ἀποβλέπων. Ἐκείνη γὰρ τὴν καλιὰν πηγνυμένη, τὰ μὲν κάρφη τῷ στόματι διακομίζει: πηλὸν δὲ τοῖς ποσὶν ἆραι μὴ δυναμένη, τὰ ἄκρα τῶν πτερῶν ὕδατι καταβρέξασα, εἶτα τῇ λεπτοτάτῃ κόνει ἐνειληθεῖσα, οὕτως ἐπινοεῖ τοῦ πηλοῦ τὴν χρείαν: καὶ κατὰ μικρὸν ἀλλήλοις τὰ κάρφη οἷον κόλλῃ τινὶ τῷ πηλῷ συνδήσασα, ἐν αὐτῇ τοὺς νεοττοὺς ἐκτρέφει: ὧν ἐάν τις ἐκκεντήσῃ τὰ ὄμματα, ἔχει τινὰ παρὰ τῆς φύσεως ἰατρικὴν, δι' ἧς πρὸς ὑγείαν ἐπανάγει τῶν ἐκγόνων τὰς ὄψεις. Ταῦτά σε νουθετείτω, μὴ διὰ πενίαν πρὸς κακουργίαν τρέπεσθαι: μηδὲ ἐν τοῖς χαλεπωτάτοις πάθεσι πᾶσαν ἐλπίδα ῥίψαντα, ἄπρακτον κεῖσθαι καὶ ἀνενέργητον: ἀλλ' ἐπὶ Θεὸν καταφεύγειν, ὃς εἰ χελιδόνι τὰ τηλικαῦτα χαρίζεται, πόσῳ μείζονα δώσει τοῖς ἐξ ὅλης καρδίας ἐπιβοωμένοις αὐτόν; Ἁλκυών ἐστι θαλάττιον ὄρνεον. Αὕτη παρ' αὐτοὺς νοσσεύειν τοὺς αἰγιαλοὺς πέφυκεν, ἐπ' αὐτῆς τὰ ὠὰ τῆς ψάμμου καταθεμένη: καὶ νοσσεύει κατὰ μέσον που τὸν χειμῶνα, ὅτε πολλοῖς καὶ βιαίοις ἀνέμοις ἡ θάλασσα τῇ γῇ προσαράσσεται. Ἀλλ' ὅμως κοιμίζονται μὲν πάντες ἄνεμοι, ἡσυχάζει δὲ κῦμα θαλάσσιον, ὅταν ἁλκυὼν ἐπωάζῃ τὰς ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας. Ἐν τοσαύταις γὰρ μόναις ἐκλεπίζει τοὺς νεοττούς. Ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ τροφῆς αὐτοῖς χρεία, ἄλλας ἑπτὰ πρὸς τὴν τῶν νεοττῶν αὔξησιν ὁ μεγαλόδωρος Θεὸς τῷ μικροτάτῳ ζῴῳ παρέσχετο. Ὥστε καὶ ναυτικοὶ πάντες ἴσασι τοῦτο, καὶ ἁλκυονίδας τὰς ἡμέρας ἐκείνας προσαγορεύουσι. Ταῦτά σοι εἰς προτροπὴν τοῦ αἰτεῖν παρὰ Θεοῦ τὰ πρὸς σωτηρίαν διὰ τῆς περὶ τὰ ἄλογα τοῦ Θεοῦ προνοίας νενομοθέτηται. Τί οὐκ ἂν γένοιτο τῶν παραδόξων ἕνεκεν σοῦ, ὃς κατ' εἰκόνα γέγονας τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅπουγε ὑπὲρ ὄρνιθος οὕτω μικρᾶς ἡ μεγάλη καὶ φοβερὰ κατέχεται θάλασσα, ἐν μέσῳ χειμῶνι γαλήνην ἄγειν ἐπιταχθεῖσα;