Homily LVII.

John ix. 6, 7

“When Jesus had thus spoken, He spat on the ground, and made clay of the spittle, and He anointed the eyes of the blind man with the clay, and said, Go, wash in the pool of Siloam.”

[1.] Those who intend to gain any advantage from what they read, must not pass by even any small portion of the words; and on this account we are bidden to “search” the Scriptures, because most of the words, although at first sight1519   αὐτόθεν easy, appear to have in their depth much hidden meaning. For observe of what sort is the present case. “Having said these words,” It saith,“He spat on the ground.” What words? “That the glory of God should be made manifest,” and that, “I must work the works of Him that sent Me.” For not without a cause hath the Evangelist mentioned to us His words, and added that, “He spat,” but to show that He confirmed His words by deeds. And why used He not water instead of spittle for the clay? He was about to send the man to Siloam: in order therefore that nothing might be ascribed to the fountain, but that thou mightest learn that the power proceeding from His mouth, the same both formed and opened the man’s eyes, He “spat on the ground”; this at least the Evangelist signified, when he said, “And made clay of the spittle.” Then, that the successful issue might not seem to be of the earth, He bade him wash. But wherefore did He not this at once, instead of sending him to Siloam? That thou mayest learn the faith of the blind man, and that the obstinacy of the Jews might be silenced: for it was probable that they would all see him as he departed, having the clay spread upon his eyes, since by the strangeness of the thing he would attract to himself all, both those who did and those who did not know him, and they would observe him exactly. And because it is not easy to recognize a blind man who hath recovered sight, He first maketh by the length of way many to be witnesses, and by the strangeness of the spectacle exact observers, that being more attentive they may no longer be able to say, “It is he: it is not he.” Moreover, by sending him to Siloam, He desireth to prove that He is not estranged from the Law and the Old (Covenant), nor could it afterwards be feared that Siloam would receive the glory, since many who had often washed their eyes there gained no such benefit; for there also it was the power of Christ that wrought all. On which account the Evangelist addeth for us the interpretation of the name; for having said, “in Siloam,” he addeth,

“Which is,1520   “is being interpreted,” N.T. Sent.”

That thou mayest learn that there also it was Christ who healed him. As Paul saith, “They drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them, and that Rock was Christ.” ( 1 Cor. x. 4.) As then Christ was the spiritual Rock, so also was He the spiritual Siloam. To me also the sudden1521   τὸ ἀθρόον τῆς παρουσίας coming in of the water seems to hint an ineffable mystery. What is that? The unlooked for (nature) of His appearance, beyond all expectation.

But observe the mind of the blind man, obedient in everything. He said not, “If it is really the clay or the spittle which gives me eyes, what need of Siloam? Or if there be need of Siloam, what need of the clay? Why did he anoint me? Why bid me wash?” But he entertained no such thoughts, he held himself prepared for one thing only, to obey in all things Him who gave the command, and nothing that was done offended him. If any one ask, “How then did he recover his sight, when he had removed the clay?” he will hear no other answer from us than that we know not the manner. And what wonder if we know it not, since not even the Evangelist knew, nor the very man that was healed? What had been done he knew, but the manner of doing it he could not comprehend. So when he was asked he said, that “He put clay upon mine eyes, and I washed, and do see”; but how this took place he cannot tell them, though they ask ten thousand times.

Ver. 8, 9. “The neighbors therefore, and they which1522   “which before,” N.T. had seen him, that he was a beggar,1523   “was blind,” N.T. Vulgate, mendicus erat said, Is not this he that sat and begged? Some said, This is he.”

The strangeness of what had been brought to pass led them even to unbelief, though so much had been contrived1524   lit. “dispensed.” that they might not disbelieve. They said, “Is not this he that sat and begged?” O the lovingkindness of God! Whither did He descend, when with great kindness He healed even beggars, and so silenced the Jews, because He deemed not the illustrious, nor the distinguished, nor the rulers, but men of no mark to be fit objects of the same Providence. For He came for the salvation of all.

And what happened in the case of the paralytic, happened also with this man, for neither did the one or the other know who it was that healed him. And this was caused by the retirement of Christ, for Jesus when He healed always retired, that all suspicion might be removed from the miracles. Since how could they who knew not who He was flatter Him, or join in contriving what had been done? Neither was this man one of those who went about, but of those who sat at the doors of the Temple. Now when all were doubting concerning him, what saith he?

“I am he.”

He was not ashamed of his former blindness, nor did he fear the wrath of the people, nor did he decline showing himself that he might proclaim his Benefactor.

Ver. 10, 11. “They said unto him, How were thine eyes opened? He answered and said, A man that is called Jesus.”

What sayest thou? Doth “a man” work such deeds? As yet he knew nothing great concerning Him.

“A man that is called Jesus made clay, and anointed mine eyes.”

[2.] Observe how truthful he is. He saith not whence He made it, for he speaks not of what he doth not know; he saw not that He spat on the ground, but that He spread it on he knew from sense and touch.

“And said unto me, Go, wash in the pool of Siloam.”

This too his hearing witnessed to him. But how did he recognize His voice? From His conversation with the disciples. And saying all this, and having received the witness by the works, the manner (of the cure) he cannot tell. Now if faith is needed in matters which are felt and handled, much more in the case of things invisible.

Ver. 12. “They said unto him, Where is he? He said, I know not.”

They said, “Where is he?” having already murderous intentions against Him. But observe the modesty1525   τὸ ἀκόμπαστον of Christ, how He continued not with those who were healed; because He neither desired to reap glory, nor to draw a multitude, nor to make a show of Himself. Observe too how truthfully the blind man maketh all his answers. The Jews desired to find Christ to bring Him to the priests, but when they did not find Him, they brought the blind man to the Pharisees, as to those who would question him more severely. For which reason the Evangelist remarks, that it was “the Sabbath” ( ver. 14 ), in order to point out their wicked thoughts, and the cause for which they sought Him, as though forsooth they had found a handle, and could disparage the miracle by means of what appeared to be a transgression of the Law. And this is clear from their saying immediately on seeing him nothing but, “How opened he thine eyes?”1526   These words occur later, ver. 26. The account of the first examination of the blind man is different; ver. 15. “Then again the Pharisees asked him how he had received his sight.” Observe also the manner of their speech; they say not, “How didst thou receive thy sight?” but, “How opened he thine eyes?” thus affording him an excuse for slandering Jesus, because of His having worked. But he speaks to them shortly, as to men who had already heard; for without mentioning His name, or that “He said unto me, Go, wash,” he at once saith,

Ver. 15. “He put clay upon my eyes, and I washed, and do see.”

Because the slander was now become great, and the Jews had said, “Behold what work Jesus doth on the Sabbath day, he anointeth with clay!” But observe, I pray you, how the blind man is not disturbed. When being questioned he spake in the presence of those others without danger, it was no such great thing to tell the truth, but the wonder is, that now when he is placed in a situation of greater fear, he neither denies nor contradicts what he had said before. What then did the Pharisees, or rather what did the others also? They had brought him (to the Pharisees), as being about to deny; but, on the contrary, that befell them which they desired not, and they learned more exactly. And this they everywhere have to endure, in the case of miracles; but this point we will more clearly demonstrate in what follows. What said the Pharisees?

Ver. 16. “Some said,” (not all, but the more forward,) “This man is not of God, because he keepeth not the Sabbath day; others said, How can a man that is a sinner do such miracles?”

Seest thou that they were led up1527   al. “taught.” by the miracles? For hear what they say now, who before this had sent to bring Him. And if all did not so, (for being rulers through vainglory they fell into unbelief,) yet still the greater number even of the rulers believed on Him, but confessed Him not. Now the multitude was easily overlooked, as being of no great account in their synagogue, but the rulers being more conspicuous had the greater difficulty in speaking boldly, or some the love of rule restrained, others cowardice, and the fear of the many. Wherefore also He said, “How can ye believe who receive honor from men?”1528   “one of another,” N.T. ( c. v. 44.) And these who were seeking to kill Him unjustly said that they were of God, but that He who healed the blind could not be of God, because He kept not the Sabbath; to which the others objected, that a sinner could not do such miracles. Those first maliciously keeping silence about what had taken place, brought forward the seeming transgression; for they said not, “He healeth on the Sabbath day,” but, “He keepeth not the Sabbath.” These, on the other hand, replied weakly, for when they ought to have shown that the Sabbath was not broken, they rely only upon the miracles; and with reason, for they still thought that He was a man. If this had not been the case, they might besides have urged in His defense, that He was Lord of the Sabbath which Himself had made, but as yet they had not this opinion. Anyhow, none of them dared to say what he wished openly, or in the way of an assertion, but only in the way of doubt, some from not having boldness of speech, others through love of rule.

“There was therefore a division among them.” This division first began among the people, then later among the rulers also, and some said, “He is a good man”; others, “Nay, but he deceiveth the people.” ( c. vii. 12.) Seest thou that the rulers were more void of understanding than the many, since they were divided later than they? and after they were divided, they did not exhibit any noble feeling, when they saw the Pharisees pressing upon them. Since had they been entirely separated from them, they would soon have known the truth. For it is possible to do well in separating. Wherefore also Himself hath said, “I am come not to bring peace upon the earth but a sword.” ( Matt. x. 34.) For there is an evil concord, and there is a good disagreement. Thus they who built the tower ( Gen. xi. 4 ), agreed together to their own hurt; and these same again were separated, though unwillingly, yet for their good. Thus also Corah and his company agreed together for evil, therefore they were separated for good; and Judas agreed with the Jews for evil. So division may be good, and agreement may be evil. Wherefore It saith, “If thine eye offend thee, smite it out,1529   “pluck it out,” N.T. if thy foot, cut it off.” ( Matt. v. 29, and xviii. 8.) Now if we must separate ourselves from an ill-joined limb, must we not much more from friends united to us for evil1530   κακῶς ἡνωμένων ? So that agreement is not in all cases a good, just as division is not in all cases an evil.

[3.] These things I say, that we may shun wicked men, and follow the good; for if in the case of our limbs we cut off that which is rotten and incurable, fearing lest the rest of the body should catch the same disease, and if we do this not as having no care for that part, but rather as desiring to preserve the remainder, how much more must we do this in the case of those who consent with us for evil? If we can set them right without receiving injury ourselves, we ought to use every means to do so; but if they remain incorrigible and may injure us, it is necessary to cut them off and cast them away. For so they will often be1531   al. “often are.” gainers rather (than losers). Wherefore also Paul exhorted, saying, “And ye shall put away from among yourselves that wicked person”; and, “that he that hath done this deed may be put away from among you.” ( 1 Cor. v. 13, 2.) A dreadful thing, dreadful indeed, is the society of wicked men; not so quickly doth the pestilence seize or the itch infect those that come in contact with such as are under the disease, as doth the wickedness of evil men. For “evil communications corrupt good manners.” ( 1 Cor. xv. 33.) And again the Prophet saith, “Come out from among them, and be ye separate.” ( Isa. lii. 11.) Let no one then have a wicked man for his friend. For if when we have bad sons we publicly disclaim them, without regarding nature or its laws, or the constraint which it lays upon us, much more ought we to fly from our companions and acquaintances when they are wicked. Because even if we receive no injury from them, we shall anyhow not be able to escape ill report, for strangers search not into our lives, but judge us from our companions. This advice I address to young men and maidens. “Providing,”1532   “provide,” N.T. It saith, “things honest,” not only in the sight of the Lord, but also “in the sight of all men.” ( Rom. xii. 17.) Let us then use every means that our neighbor be not offended. For a life, though it be very upright, if it offend others hath lost all. But how is it possible for the life that is upright to offend? When the society of those that are not upright invests it with an evil reputation; for when, trusting in ourselves, we consort with bad men, even though we be not harmed, we offend others. These things I say to men and women and maidens, leaving it to their conscience to see exactly how many evils are produced from this source. Neither I, perhaps, nor any of the more perfect, suspect any ill; but the simpler brother is harmed by occasion of thy perfection; and thou oughtest to be careful also for his infirmity. And even if he receive no injury, yet the Greek is harmed. Now Paul biddeth us be “without offense, both to Jews and Greeks, and to the Church of God.” ( 1 Cor. x. 32.) (I think no evil of the virgin, for I love virginity, and “love thinketh no evil” ( 1 Cor. xiii. 5 ); I am a great admirer of that state of life,1533   πολιτείας and I cannot have so much as an unseemly thought about it.) How shall we per suade those that are without? For we must take forethought for them also. Let us then so order what relates to ourselves, that none of the unbelievers may be able even to find a just handle of accusation against us. For as they who show forth a right life glorify God, so they who do the contrary cause Him to be blasphemed. May no such persons be among 1534   Morel. “from among.” us: but may our works so shine, that our Father which is in Heaven may be glorified, and that we may enjoy the honor which is from Him. To which may we all attain, through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom and with whom, to the Father and the Holy Ghost, be glory forever and ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΝΖʹ. Ταῦτα εἰπὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ἔπτυσε χαμαὶ, καὶ ἐποίησε πηλὸν ἐκ τοῦ πτύσματος, καὶ ἐπέχρισε τὸν πη λὸν ἐπὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ τυφλοῦ, καὶ εἶ πεν: Ὕπαγε, νίψαι εἰς τὴν κολυμβήθραν τοῦ Σιλωάμ. αʹ. Τοὺς μέλλοντάς τι παρὰ τῶν ἀναγινωσκομένων καρποῦσθαι, οὐδὲ τὸ μικρὸν τῶν λεγομένων παρατρέχειν δεῖ. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο ἐρευνᾷν τὰς Γραφὰς ἐκελεύσθημεν, ἐπειδὴ δοκεῖ τὰ πολλὰ, καίτοι γε αὐτόθεν ὄντα εὔκολα, πολλὴν ἐν τῷ βάθει διάνοιαν ἔχειν ἀποκεκρυμμένην. Ὅρα γὰρ οἷόν ἐστι καὶ τὸ παρόν. Ταῦτα γὰρ εἰπὼν, φησὶν, ἔπτυσε χαμαί. Ποῖα ταῦτα; Ἵνα φανερωθῇ ἡ δόξα τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ὅτι Δεῖ με ἐργάζεσθαι τὰ ἔργα τοῦ πέμψαντός με. Οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς ἀνέμνησεν ἡμᾶς τῶν εἰρημένων ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, καὶ ἐπήγαγεν, ὅτι Ἔπτυσεν: ἀλλὰ δηλῶν ὅτι τὸν λόγον διὰ τῶν ἔργων ἐπιστώσατο. Καὶ διατί μὴ ὕδατι κέχρηται, ἀλλὰ πτύσματι εἰς τὸν πηλόν; Ἔμελλεν αὐτὸν πέμπειν εἰς τὸν Σιλωάμ. Ἵν' οὖν μηδὲν ἐπιγραφῇ τῇ πηγῇ, ἀλλὰ μάθῃς ὅτι ἡ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος ἐξελθοῦσα δύναμις αὐτὴ καὶ διέπλασε καὶ ἀνέῳξε τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς, ἔπτυσε χαμαί. Τοῦτο γοῦν καὶ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς ἐπισημηνάμενος ἔλεγε, Καὶ ἐποίησε πηλὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ πτύσματος. Εἶτα, ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ τῆς γῆς εἶναι τὸ κατόρθωμα, ἐκέλευσε νίψασθαι. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν οὐκ εὐθέως τοῦτο ἐποίησεν, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τὸν Σιλωὰμ ἔπεμψεν; Ἵνα μάθῃς τοῦ τυφλοῦ τὴν πίστιν: καὶ ἵνα ἐπιστομισθῇ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἡ ἀγνωμοσύνη. Εἰκὸς γὰρ ἦν ἅπαντας ὁρᾷν αὐτὸν ἀπιόντα, τὸν πηλὸν ἔχοντα ἐπὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς κεχρισμένον. Τῷ γὰρ παραδόξῳ πάντας ἂν ἐπέστρεψε πρὸς ἑαυτὸν, τούς τε εἰδότας αὐτὸν, τούς τε ἀγνοοῦντας, καὶ μετὰ ἀκριβείας ἂν αὐτῷ προσέσχον. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὐκ εὔκολον τυφλὸν ἀναβλέψαντα γνωρίσαι, πολλοὺς ποιεῖ γενέσθαι πρότερον μάρτυρας διὰ μακρᾶς τῆς ὁδοῦ, καὶ ἀκριβεῖς θεατὰς τῷ παραδόξῳ τῆς θέας, ἵνα προσεκτικώτεροι γενόμενοι μηκέτι δύνωνται λέγειν, Οὗτός ἐστιν, οὐκ ἔστιν οὗτος. Πρὸς δὲ τούτοις κἀκεῖνο βούλεται κατασκευάζειν, ὅτι οὐκ ἀλλότριός ἐστι τοῦ νόμου καὶ τῆς Παλαιᾶς, πέμπων εἰς τὸν Σιλωάμ. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐκεῖνο λοιπὸν ὑποπτεῦσαι ἦν, μὴ ὁ Σιλωὰμ λάβῃ τὴν δόξαν. Καὶ γὰρ πολλοὶ πολλάκις ἐκεῖ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἀπονιψάμενοι, οὐδενὸς ἀπήλαυσαν τοιούτου. Κἀκεῖ γὰρ ἡ δύναμις ἦν τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἡ πάντα ἐργαζομένη. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὴν ἑρμηνείαν ἡμῖν προστίθησιν ὁ εὐαγγελιστής. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, Εἰς τὸν Σιλωὰμ, προσέθηκεν, Ὅ ἐστιν, ἀπεσταλμένος: ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι κἀκεῖ ὁ Χριστὸς αὐτὸν ἐθεράπευσε, καθάπερ ὁ Παῦλός φησιν: Ἔπινον γὰρ ἐκ πνευματικῆς ἀκολουθούσης πέτρας: ἡ δὲ πέτρα ἦν ὁ Χριστός. Ὥσπερ οὖν πέτρα ἦν ὁ Χριστὸς πνευματικὴ, οὕτω καὶ Σιλωὰμ ἦν πνευματικός. Ἐμοὶ δὲ δοκεῖ καὶ τὸ ἀθρόον τῆς τοῦ ὕδατος παρουσίας αἰνίττεσθαι μυστήριον ἡμῖν ἀπόῤῥητον. Ποῖον δὴ τοῦτο; Τὸ ἀπροσδόκητον τῆς ἐπιφανείας καὶ παρ' ἐλπίδα πᾶσαν. Ἀλλ' ὅρα τοῦ τυφλοῦ τὴν γνώμην πρὸς πάντα ὑπακούουσαν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπεν, Εἰ ὅλως ὁ πηλός ἐστιν, ἢ τὸ πτύσμα τὸ παρέχον τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς, τί μοι χρεία τοῦ Σιλωάμ; εἰ δὲ χρεία τοῦ Σιλωὰμ, τίς χρεία τοῦ πηλοῦ; τίνος ἕνεκεν ἔχρισεν; τίνος ἕνεκεν νίψασθαι ἐκέλευσεν; Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τούτων ἐλογίσατο: ἀλλὰ πρὸς ἓν παρεσκεύαστο μόνον, ἅπαντα πείθεσθαι τῷ κελεύοντι, καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτὸν τῶν γινομένων ἐσκανδάλιζεν. Εἰ δὲ λέγοι τις: Πῶς οὖν ἀνέβλεψεν ἀποθέμενος τὸν πηλόν; οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἀκούσεται παρ' ἡμῶν ἢ ὅτι τὸν τρόπον οὐκ ἴσμεν. Καὶ τί θαυμαστὸν, εἰ ἡμεῖς οὐκ ἴσμεν; Οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς ἠπίστατο, οὐδὲ αὐτὸς ὁ τεθεραπευμένος: ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν γεγενημένον οἶδε, τὸν δὲ τρόπον καταλαβεῖν οὐ δύναται. Τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ἐρωτώμενος ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Πηλὸν ἐπέθηκεν ἐπὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς μου, καὶ ἐνιψάμην, καὶ βλέπω. Πῶς δὲ τοῦτο γέγονεν, οὐκ ἔχει λέγειν, κἂν μυριάκις ἐρωτήσωσιν. Οἱ οὖν γείτονες, φησὶ, καὶ οἱ θεωροῦντες αὐτὸν ὅτι προσαίτης ἦν, ἔλεγον: Οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ καθήμενος καὶ προσαιτῶν; Ἄλλοι ἔλεγον: Οὗτός ἐστι. Τὸ γὰρ παράδοξον τοῦ γεγενημένου, καὶ εἰς ἀπιστίαν αὐτοὺς ἦγε: καίτοι γε τοσούτων οἰκονομηθέντων ὥστε μὴ ἀπιστῆσαι. Οἱ δὲ ἔλεγον: Οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ καθήμενος καὶ προσαιτῶν; Βαβαὶ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ φιλανθρωπίας! ποῦ κατέβαινε, τοὺς προσαιτοῦντας μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς εὐνοίας θεραπεύων, κἀντεῦθεν τοὺς Ἰουδαίους ἐπιστομίζων! Ὅτι οὐ τοὺς λαμπροὺς, οὐδὲ τοὺς περιφανεῖς, οὐδὲ τοὺς ἄρχοντας, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ἀσήμους τῆς αὐτῆς ἠξίου προνοίας. Καὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ σωτηρίᾳ πάντων ἀφῖκτο. Ὃ δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ παραλυτικοῦ γέγονε, τοῦτο καὶ ἐπὶ τούτου γίνεται. Οὔτε γὰρ ἐκεῖνος ᾔδει τίς ἐστιν ὁ θεραπεύσας αὐτὸν, οὔτε οὗτος. Ἐγίνετο δὲ τοῦτο διὰ τὴν ἀναχώρησιν τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Ἀνεχώρει δὲ ἀεὶ θεραπεύων ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ὥστε πᾶσαν ὑποψίαν περιαιρεθῆναι τῶν σημείων. Οἱ γὰρ μὴ εἰδότες αὐτὸν ὅστις ἐστὶ, πῶς ἂν ἐχαρίσαντο αὐτῷ καὶ συγκατεσκεύασαν τὰ γεγενημένα; Οὐδὲ γὰρ τῶν περιιόντων ἦν οὗτος, ἀλλὰ τῶν καθημένων παρὰ τὰς θύρας τοῦ ἱεροῦ. Ἀμφισβητούντων δὲ πάντων περὶ αὐτοῦ, τί φησιν ἐκεῖνος; Ἐγώ εἰμι. Οὐκ ᾐσχύνθη τὴν προτέραν πήρωσιν, οὐδὲ ἔδεισε τοῦ δήμου τὸν θυμὸν, οὐδὲ παρῃτήσατο δεῖξαι ἑαυτὸν, ἵνα κηρύξῃ τὸν εὐεργέτην. Λέγουσιν αὐτῷ: Πῶς ἀνεῴχθησάν σου οἱ ὀφθαλμοί; Λέγει αὐτοῖς: Ἄνθρωπος λεγόμενος Ἰησοῦς. Τί λέγεις; ἄνθρωπος τοιαῦτα ἐργάζεται; Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν μέγα τέως ᾔδει περὶ αὐτοῦ. Ἄνθρωπος λεγόμενος Ἰησοῦς ἐποίησε πηλὸν καὶ ἐπέχρισεν. βʹ. Ὅρα πῶς ἀληθής ἐστιν. Οὐκ εἶπεν, πόθεν ἐποίησε: ὃ γὰρ οὐκ οἶδεν, οὐ λέγει. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶδεν ὅτι χαμαὶ ἔπτυσεν: ὅτι δὲ ἐπέχρισε, διὰ τῆς αἰσθήσεως ἐμάνθανε καὶ τῆς ἀφῆς. Καὶ εἶπέ μοι, Ὕπαγε, νίψαι εἰς τὴν κολυμβήθραν τοῦ Σιλωάμ. Καὶ τοῦτο ἡ ἀκοὴ ἐμαρτύρησε. Καὶ πόθεν ἐπεγίνωσκεν αὐτοῦ τὴν φωνήν; Ἀπὸ τῆς διαλέξεως τῆς πρὸς τοὺς μαθητάς. Καὶ ταῦτα λέγων ἅπαντα, καὶ τὴν διὰ τῶν ἔργων μαρτυρίαν λαβὼν, τὸν τρόπον εἰπεῖν οὐ δύναται. Εἰ δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν αἰσθητῶν καὶ ψηλαφωμένων πίστεως δεῖ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τῶν ἀοράτων. Λέγουσιν αὐτῷ: Ποῦ ἔστιν ἐκεῖνος; Λέγει: Οὐκ οἶδα. Ἔλεγον δὲ τοῦτο, τὸ, Ποῦ ἔστιν ἐκεῖνος; φονῶντες ἤδη κατ' αὐτοῦ Θέα δὲ τοῦ Χριστοῦ τὸ ἀκόμπαστον, πῶς οὐ παρῆν τοῖς θεραπευομένοις. Οὐ γὰρ δόξαν καρπώσασθαι ἐβούλετο, οὐδὲ ὀχλαγωγεῖν, οὐδὲ ἐπιδείκνυσθαι. Ὅρα πῶς ἅπαντα φιλαλήθως ἀποκρίνεται ὁ τυφλός. Ἐβούλοντο μὲν οὖν τὸν Χριστὸν εὑρεῖν, ὥστε αὐτὸν ἀγαγεῖν πρὸς τοὺς ἱερεῖς: ἐπειδὴ δὲ οὐκ ἐπέτυχον, ἄγουσι τὸν τυφλὸν πρὸς τοὺς Φαρισαίους, ὡς σφοδρότερον ἐρωτήσοντας. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς ἐπισημαίνεται ὅτι σάββατον ἦν, ἵνα τὴν πονηρὰν αὐτῶν γνώμην ἐνδείξηται, καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν, δι' ἣν ἐζήτουν, ὡς λαβὴν δῆθεν εὑρίσκοντες, καὶ δυνάμενοι τὸ θαῦμα διαβαλεῖν, διὰ τῆς δοκούσης εἶναι τοῦ νόμου παραβάσεως. Καὶ τοῦτο δῆλον ἐκ τοῦ εὐθέως ἰδόντας αὐτὸν μηδὲν ἄλλο εἰπεῖν, ἀλλ' ἢ, Πῶς ἀνέῳξέ σου τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς; Καὶ ὅρα πῶς λέγουσιν. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπον, Πῶς ἀνέβλεψας; ἀλλὰ, Πῶς ἀνέῳξέ σου τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς; διδόντες αὐτῷ πρόφασιν τοῦ διαβαλεῖν αὐτὸν ἐπ' ἐργασίᾳ. Ὁ δὲ ὡς πρὸς ἀκηκοότας συντομώτερον φθέγγεται. Οὔτε γὰρ τὸ ὄνομα εἰπὼν, οὔτε, ὅτι Εἶπέ μοι, Ὕπαγε, νίψαι, εὐθέως φησί: Πηλὸν ἐπέθηκεν ἐπὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς μου, καὶ ἐνιψάμην, καὶ βλέπω. Ὡς πολλῆς ἤδη γεγενημένης διαβολῆς, κἀκείνων εἰρηκότων, Ἴδε ὁ Ἰησοῦς οἷς ἐργάζεται ἐν σαββάτῳ, πηλὸν χρίει. Σὺ δέ μοι σκόπει, πῶς οὐ ταράττεται ὁ τυφλός. Ὅτε μὲν γὰρ ἐπ' ἐκείνων ἔλεγεν ἀκινδύνως ἐρωτώμενος, οὐχ οὕτω μέγα ἦν τὸ τὴν ἀλήθειαν εἰπεῖν: τὸ δὲ θαυμαστόν ἐστι νῦν, ὅτι καὶ ἐν πλείονι φόβῳ καταστὰς, οὔτε ἀρνεῖται, οὔτε ἐναντία λέγει τοῖς προτέροις. Τί οὖν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι; μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι; Ἤγαγον μὲν αὐτὸν ὡς ἀρνησόμενον: τοὐναντίον δὲ ἔπαθον ὅπερ οὐκ ἐβούλοντο, καὶ ἀκριβέστερον ἔμαθον. Καὶ τοῦτο πανταχοῦ τῶν σημείων ὑπομένουσι: μᾶλλον δὲ ἐν τοῖς ἑξῆς τοῦτο σαφέστερον ἀποδείξομεν. Τί οὖν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι; Ἔλεγόν τινες, οὐ πάντες, ἀλλ' οἱ ἰταμώτεροι: Οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὐκ ἔστιν ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅτι τὸ σάββατον οὐ τηρεῖ: ἄλλοι ἔλεγον, Πῶς δύναται ἄνθρωπος ἁμαρτωλὸς τοιαῦτα σημεῖα ποιεῖν; Ὁρᾷς ὅτι ἀπὸ τῶν σημείων ἀνήγοντο; Οἱ γὰρ πρὸ τούτου πέμψαντες, ὥστε ἀγαγεῖν αὐτὸν, ἄκουσον τί λέγουσι νῦν, εἰ καὶ μὴ πάντες. Καὶ γὰρ ἄρχοντες ὄντες ὑπὸ τῆς φιλοδοξίας εἰς ἀπιστίαν ἔπιπτον. Ὅμως δὲ καὶ τῶν ἀρχόντων οἱ πολλοὶ ἐπίστευσαν εἰς αὐτόν: οὐχ ὡμολόγουν δέ. Ὁ μὲν οὖν πολὺς λαὸς εὐκαταφρόνητος ἦν, ἅτε μηδὲ μέγα συντελῶν εἰς τὴν συναγωγὴν αὐτῶν: οἱ δὲ ἄρχοντες μᾶλλον περίβλεπτοι ὄντες, δυσκολώτερον ἐπαῤῥησιάζοντο. Τοὺς μὲν γὰρ φιλαρχία κατεῖχε, τοὺς δὲ δειλία καὶ ὁ παρὰ τῶν πολλῶν φόβος. Διὸ καὶ ἔλεγε: Πῶς δύνασθε πιστεύειν, δόξαν παρὰ ἀνθρώπων λαμβάνοντες; Καὶ αὐτοὶ μὲν φονεύειν ζητοῦντες ἀδίκως, τοῦ Θεοῦ ἔλεγον εἶναι: τὸν δὲ τυφλοὺς θεραπεύοντα οὐ δύνασθαι εἶναι ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ, διὰ τὸ σάββατον μὴ τηρεῖν. Πρὸς ταῦτα ἀντέθηκαν οὗτοι, ὅτι ἁμαρτωλὸς τοιαῦτα σημεῖα οὐ δύναται ποιεῖν. Ἐκεῖνοι μὲν οὖν κακούργως τὸ γεγονὸς σιγῶντες, τὴν δοκοῦσαν εἶναι παράβασιν εἰς μέσον ἔφερον. Οὐ γὰρ ἔλεγον, ὅτι ἐν τῷ σαββάτῳ θεραπεύει, ἀλλ' ὅτι Τὸ σάββατον οὐ τηρεῖ: οὗτοι δὲ πάλιν ἀσθενῶς. Δέον γὰρ ἐπιδεῖξαι πῶς τὸ σάββατον οὐ λύεται, ἀπὸ τῶν σημείων ἰσχυρίζονται μόνον: καὶ εἰκότως. Ἔτι γὰρ ἄνθρωπον αὐτὸν ἐνόμιζον εἶναι. Ἐπεὶ εἰ μὴ τοῦτο ἦν, καὶ ἑτέρως εἶχον ἀπολογήσασθαι, ὅτι τοῦ σαββάτου κύριος ἦν, καὶ αὐτὸς αὐτὸ πεποίηκεν: ἀλλ' οὐδέπω ταύτην εἶχον τὴν γνώμην. Οὐδεὶς μέντοι αὐτῶν ἐτόλμα ἅπερ ἐβούλετο φανερῶς εἰπεῖν, οὐδὲ ἐν ἀποφάσει, ἀλλ' ἐν ἀμφισβητήσει, οἱ μὲν διὰ τὸ ἀπαῤῥησίαστον, οἱ δὲ διὰ φιλαρχίαν. Σχίσμα οὖν ἦν ἐν αὐτοῖς. Τοῦτο τὸ σχίσμα πρῶτον ἤρξατο ἐν τῷ λαῷ: εἶτα ὕστερον καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἄρχουσι. Καὶ οἱ μὲν ἔλεγον, ὅτι Ἀγαθός ἐστιν, ἄλλοι δὲ, Οὐχὶ, ἀλλ' ἀπατᾷ τὸν ὄχλον. Ὁρᾷς πῶς ἀσυνετώτεροι τῶν πολλῶν οἱ ἄρχοντες σχισθέντες ὕστερον; Ἀλλὰ μετὰ τὸ σχισθῆναι πάλιν, οὐδὲν ἐπεδείξαντο γενναῖον, ὁρῶντες τοὺς Φαρισαίους ἐπικειμένους. Ὡς εἴ γε τέλεον ἀπεσχίσθησαν, ταχέως ἂν τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐπέγνωσαν. Ἔστι γὰρ σχισθῆναι καλῶς. Διὸ καὶ αὐτὸς ἔλεγεν: Οὐκ ἦλθον βαλεῖν εἰρήνην ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν, ἀλλὰ μάχαιραν. Ἔστι γὰρ καὶ κακὴ ὁμόνοια, ἔστι καὶ καλὴ διαφωνία. Καὶ γὰρ οἱ τὸν πύργον οἰκοδομοῦντες, ὡμονόησαν ἐπὶ κακῷ τῷ ἑαυτῶν: καὶ οἱ αὐτοὶ οὗτοι πάλιν, ἄκοντες μὲν, ἐπὶ συμφέροντι δὲ ὅμως ἐσχίσθησαν. Καὶ οἱ περὶ Κορὲ δὲ κακῶς ὡμονόησαν, διὰ τοῦτο καλῶς ἐσχίσθησαν καὶ Ἰούδας ὡμονόησε μετὰ τῶν Ἰουδαίων κακῶς. Ἔστιν οὖν σχισθῆναι καλῶς, καὶ ἔστιν ὁμονοῆσαι κακῶς. Διὰ τοῦτό φησιν: Ἐὰν ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου σκανδαλίζῃ σε, ἔκκοψον αὐτόν: ἐὰν ὁ ποῦς σου, ἔκτεμε αὐτόν. Εἰ δὲ ἀπὸ μέλους ἀποσχίζεσθαι χρὴ κακῶς συνημμένου, οὐ πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἀπὸ φίλων κακῶς ἡνωμένων ἡμῖν; Ὥστε οὐ πανταχοῦ ὁμόνοια καλὸν, ὥσπερ οὖν οὐδὲ πανταχοῦ ἡ διάστασις κακόν. γʹ. Ταῦτα λέγω, ἵνα φεύγωμεν πονηροὺς, καὶ διώκωμεν ἀγαθούς. Εἰ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς μέλεσι τὸ σεσηπὸς καὶ ἀνιάτως ἔχον ἐκκόπτομεν, φοβούμενοι μὴ καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν τὴν αὐτὴν λύμην ὑποδέξηται σῶμα: καὶ ποιοῦμεν τοῦτο, οὐκ ἐκείνου καταφρονοῦντες, ἀλλὰ τὸ λοιπὸν διαφυλάξαι βουλόμενοι: πόσῳ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τῶν συνόντων ἡμῖν ἐπὶ κακίᾳ τοῦτο πράττειν ἀναγκαῖον; Εἰ μὲν γὰρ δυνάμεθα κἀκείνους διορθῶσαι, καὶ αὐτοὶ μὴ παραβλαβῆναι, πάντα ποιεῖν χρή: εἰ δὲ κἀκεῖνοι μένοιεν ἀδιόρθωτοι, καὶ ἡμᾶς παραβλάπτοιεν, ἐκκόπτειν αὐτοὺς καὶ ῥίπτειν ἀναγκαῖον. Πολλάκις γὰρ οὕτω κερδανοῦσι μᾶλλον. Διὸ καὶ Παῦλος οὕτω παρῄνει λέγων: Καὶ ἐξαρεῖτε τὸν πονηρὸν ἐξ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν: καὶ, Ἵνα ἐξαρθῇ ἐκ μέσου ὑμῶν ὁ τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο ποιήσας. Δεινὸν γὰρ, δεινὸν συνουσία πονηρῶν. Οὐχ οὕτω ταχέως λοιμὸς ἅπτεται, καὶ ψώρα διαφθείρει τοὺς ἀναχρωννυμένους, τοὺς τῷ νοσήματι κατεχομένους, ὡς ἡ τῶν πονηρῶν κακία ἀνδρῶν. Φθείρουσι γὰρ ἤθη χρηστὰ ὁμιλίαι κακαί. Καὶ ὁ προφήτης πάλιν, Ἐξέλθετε ἐκ μέσου αὐτῶν, καὶ ἀφορίσθητε. Μηδεὶς τοίνυν φαῦλον ἐχέτω φίλον. Εἰ γὰρ υἱοὺς φαύλους ἔχοντες ἐκκηρύττομεν, καὶ οὐκ αἰδούμεθα τὴν φύσιν, οὐδὲ τοὺς ταύτης νόμους, οὐδὲ τὴν ἐξ αὐτῆς ἀνάγκην: πολλῷ μᾶλλον τοὺς συνήθεις καὶ γνωρίμους φεύγειν δεῖ, πονηροὺς ὄντας. Κἂν γὰρ μηδεμίαν παρ' αὐτῶν δεξώμεθα βλάβην, τὴν γοῦν πονηρὰν δόξαν διαφυγεῖν οὐκ ἰσχύσομεν. Οἱ γὰρ ἔξωθεν οὐ τὸν βίον ἐρευνῶσιν, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῶν συνόντων ἡμᾶς κρίνουσι. Ταῦτα καὶ γυναιξὶ καὶ παρθένοις παρεγγυῶ. Προνοούμενοι γὰρ, φησὶ, καλὰ, οὐ μόνον ἐνώπιον Κυρίου, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐνώπιον ἀνθρώπων. Πάντα τοίνυν πράττωμεν, ὥστε μὴ σκανδαλισθῆναι τὸν πλησίον. Βίος γὰρ κἂν σφόδρα ὀρθὸς ᾖ, σκάνδαλον ἑτέροις παρέχων, τὸ πᾶν ἀπώλεσε. Καὶ πῶς ἔνι τὸν ὀρθὸν βίον σκανδαλίσαι; Ὅταν ἡ συνουσία τῶν οὐκ ὀρθῶν πονηρὰν αὐτῷ περιθῇ δόξαν. Ἐπειδὰν γὰρ θαῤῥοῦντες ἑαυτοῖς συνῶμεν τοῖς πονηροῖς, κἂν αὐτοὶ μὴ βλαβῶμεν, ἑτέρους ἐσκανδαλίσαμεν. Ταῦτα καὶ ἀνδράσι καὶ γυναιξὶ λέγω καὶ παρθένοις, καταλιμπάνων αὐτῶν τῷ συνειδότι μετὰ ἀκριβείας εἰδέναι πόσα ἐντεῦθεν τίκτεται κακά. Ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ οὐδὲν ὑποπτεύω πονηρὸν, οὐδὲ ἄλλος τις ἴσως τῶν τελειοτέρων: ὁ δὲ ἀφελέστερος ἀδελφὸς ἐπὶ τῇ σῇ παραβλάπτεται τελειότητι. Δεῖ δὲ καὶ τῆς ἀσθενείας τῆς ἐκείνου προνοεῖν. Κἂν οὗτος μὴ βλαβῇ, ἀλλ' ὁ Ἕλλην παραβλάπτεται. Ὁ δὲ Παῦλος ἐκέλευσεν ἀπροσκόπους εἶναι, καὶ Ἰουδαίοις καὶ Ἕλλησι, καὶ τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ἐγὼ πονηρὸν οὐδὲν ὑποπτεύω περὶ τῆς παρθένου (ἀγαπῶ γὰρ τὴν παρθενίαν: Ἡ δὲ ἀγάπη οὐ λογίζεται τὸ κακόν): ἐγὼ σφόδρα ἐραστής εἰμι τῆς πολιτείας ταύτης, καὶ οὐδὲ λογίσασθαί τι δύναμαι ἄτοπον. Πῶς τοὺς ἔξω πείσομεν; δεῖ γὰρ κἀκείνων ποιεῖσθαι πρόνοιαν. Οὕτω τοίνυν τὰ καθ' ἑαυτοὺς οἰκονομῶμεν, ἵνα μηδὲ τῶν ἀπίστων τις ἔχῃ καθ' ἡμῶν δικαίαν εὑρεῖν λαβήν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ οἱ βίον ὀρθὸν ἐπιδεικνύμενοι δοξάζουσι τὸν Θεὸν οὕτως οἱ τὸν ἐναντίον, βλασφημηθῆναι παρασκευάζουσιν. Ἀλλὰ μὴ γένοιτό τινας τοιούτους εἶναι παρ' ἡμῖν, ἀλλ' οὕτω λάμψαι τὰ ἔργα ἡμῶν, ὥστε δοξασθῆναι τὸν Πατέρα ἡμῶν τὸν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, καὶ τῆς παρ' αὐτοῦ δόξης ἡμᾶς ἀπολαῦσαι: ἧς γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, δι' οὗ καὶ μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἡ δόξα, ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.