Homily LVIII.

John ix. 17, 18

“They say unto the blind man again, What sayest thou of him, that he hath opened thine eyes? He said, He is a Prophet. The Jews then did not believe.”

[1.] We must go over the Scriptures not in a chance way or carelessly, but with all exactness, that we be not entangled. Since even now in this place one might with show of reason question, how, when they had asserted, “This man is not of God, because he keepeth not the Sabbath,” they now say to the man, “What sayest thou of him, that he hath opened thine eyes?” and not, “What sayest thou of him, that he hath broken the Sabbath?” but put now that which was the ground of the defense, not that of the accusation. What then have we to reply? That these (who speak) are not the men who said, “This man is not of God,” but those who separated themselves from them, who also said, “A man that is a sinner cannot1535   “How can a man,” &c., N.T. do such miracles.” For desiring to silence their opponents the more, in order that they may not seem to be partisans of Christ, they bring forward the man who had received proof of His power, and question him. Observe now the wisdom of the poor man, he speaketh more wisely than them all. First he saith, “He is a Prophet”; and shrank not from the judgment1536   al. “the judgment amazed him not.” of the perverse Jews who spake against Him and said, “How can this man be of God, not keeping the Sabbath?” but replied to them, “He is a Prophet.”

“And they1537   “the Jews,” N.T. did not believe that he had been blind, and received his sight, until they had called his parents.”1538   “the parents of him,” &c., N.T.

Observe in how many ways they attempt to obscure and take away the miracle. But this is the nature of truth, by the very means by which it seems to be assailed by men, by these it becomes stronger, it shines by means of that by which it is obscured. For if these things had not taken place, the miracle might have been suspected by the many; but now, as if desiring to lay bare the truth, so do they use all means, and would not have acted otherwise, supposing they had done all in Christ’s behalf. For they first attempted to cast Him down by occasion of this mode (of cure), saying, “How opened he thine eyes?” that is, “was it by some sorcery?” In another place also, when they had no charge to bring against Him, they endeavored to insult the mode of the cure, saying, “He doth not cast out devils save by Beelzebub.” ( Matt. xii. 24.) And here again, when they have nothing to say, they betake themselves to the time (of cure), saying, “He breaketh the Sabbath”; and again, “He is a sinner.” Yet He asked you, who would slay1539   al. “who envied.” Him, and who were ready to lay hold of His actions, most plainly, saying, “Which of you convinceth Me of sin?” ( c. viii. 46 ); and no man spake, nor said “Thou blasphemest because thou makest thyself without sin.” But if they had had it in their power to say so, they would not have held their peace. For they who because they heard that He was before Abraham would have stoned Him, and said that He was not of God, who boasted that they, murderers as they were, were of God, but who said that One who did such wonders, after that He had wrought a cure, was not of God,1540   al. “was a sinner.” because He kept not the Sabbath, if they had had but a shadow of a charge against Him, would never have let it pass. And if they call Him a sinner because He seemed to break the Sabbath, this charge also is shown to be unsound, when those who are ranked with them condemn their great coldness and littleness of soul.1541   μικροψυχίαν. The Bened. editor observes, that by the Fathers the word is used to signify “grudging” ; “quarreling.” Being therefore entangled on every side, they afterwards betake themselves to something else more shameless and impudent. What is that? They “did not believe,” It saith, “that he had been blind, and received his sight.” How then did they charge Christ with not keeping the Sabbath? Plainly, as having believed. But why gave ye not heed to the great number of people? to the neighbors who knew him? As I said, falsehood everywhere defeats itself by the very means by which it seems to annoy the truth, and makes the truth to appear more bright. Which was now the case. For that no one might say that his neighbors and those who had seen him did not speak with precision, but guessed from a likeness,1542    ver. 9 , “He is like him.” they bring forward his parents, by whom they succeeded against their will in proving that what had taken place was real,1543   al. “establishing what had been done.” since the parents best of all knew their own child. When they could not terrify the man himself, but beheld him with all boldness proclaim his Benefactor, they thought to wound the miracle by means of his parents. Observe the malice of their questioning. For what saith it? Having placed them in the midst so as to throw them into distress,1544   ἀ γωνίαν they apply the questioning with great severity and anger,

Ver. 19. “Is this your son?” (and they said not, “who once was blind,” but) “of whom ye say that he was born blind?”

As if they were acting deceitfully, and plotting on behalf of1545   τὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ συγκροτούντων, al. κατὰ τοῦ Χ Christ. O ye accursed, utterly accursed! What father would choose to invent such falsehoods against his child? For they almost say, “Whom ye have made out blind, and not only so, but have spread abroad the report everywhere.”

“How then doth he now see?”

[2.] O folly! “Yours,” saith one, “is the trick1546   σκαιώρημα and the contrivance.” For by these two things do they attempt to lead the parents to a denial; by using the words, “Whom ye say,” and, “How then doth he now see?” Now when there were three questions asked, whether he was their son, whether he had been blind, and how he received his sight, the parents only acknowledged two of them, but do not add the third. And this came to pass for the sake of the truth, in order that none other save the man that was healed, who was also worthy1547   al. “a witness worthy.” of credit, should acknowledge this matter. And how would the parents have favored (Christ), when even of what they knew some part they spake not through fear of the Jews? What say they?

Ver. 20, 21. “We know that this is our son, and that he was born blind; but by what means he now seeth we know not, or who hath opened his eyes we know not; he is of age, he shall speak for himself.”

By making him to be worthy of credit, they begged off themselves; “He is not a child, say they, nor incapable,1548   ἀ τελὴς but able to testify for himself.”

Ver. 22. “These words spake they,1549   “his parents,” N.T. because they feared the Jews.”

Observe how the Evangelist again brings forward their opinion and thoughts. This I say, because of that speech which they before uttered, when they said, “He maketh Himself equal to God.” ( c. v. 18.) For had that also been the opinion of the Jews but not the judgment of Christ, he would have added and said, that “it was a Jewish opinion.”1550   Another reading has this sense: “For although that was the opinion of the Jews, yet he hath also added the judgment of Christ; and hath said that the sentence of the Jews was to put out of the synagogue those who confessed Him to be the Christ.” When therefore the parents referred them to him that had been healed, they called him again the second time, and did not say openly and shamelessly, “Deny that Christ healed thee,” but would fain effect this under a pretense of piety.

Ver. 24. “Give,”1551   N.T. ver. 22–24. “For the Jews had agreed already, that if any man did confess that He was Christ, he should be put out of the synagogue. Therefore said his parents, He is of age, ask him. Then again called they the man that was blind, and said unto him.” saith one, “the glory to God.”

For to have said to the parents, “Deny that he is your son, and that he was born1552   lit. “that ye begot him.” blind,” would have seemed very ridiculous. And again, to have said this to himself would have been manifest shamelessness. Wherefore they say not so, but manage the matter in another way, saying, “Give God the glory,” that is, “confess that this man hath wrought nothing.”

“We know that this man is a sinner.”

“Why then did ye not convict Him when He said, ‘Which of you convinceth Me of sin?’ ( c. viii. 46.) Whence know ye that He is a sinner?” After that they had said, “Give God the glory,” and the man had made no reply, Christ meeting praised him, and did not rebuke him, nor say, “Wherefore hast thou not given glory to God?” But what said He? “Dost thou believe on the Son of God?” 1553   al. “Son of Man.” ( ver. 35 ), that thou mayest learn that this is “to give glory to God.” Now had He not been equal in honor to the Father, this would not have been giving glory; but since he that honoreth the Son honoreth the Father also, the blind is with good reason not rebuked. Now while they expected that the parents would contradict and deny the miracle, the Pharisees said nothing to the man himself, but when they saw that they profited nothing by this, they again return to him, saying, “This man is a sinner.”

Ver. 25. “He answered and said, Whether he be a sinner or no, I know not; one thing I know, that, whereas I was blind, now I see.”

Surely the blind man was not terrified? That be far from him. How then doth he who said, “He is a Prophet” ( ver. 17 ), now say, “Whether he be a sinner, I know not”? He said so, not as being in such a state of mind, nor as having persuaded himself of this thing, but desiring to clear Him from their charges by the testimony of the fact, not by1554   Mor. “and by.” his own declaration, and to make the defense credible, when the testimony of the good deed done should decide the matter against them. Since if after many words when the blind man said, “Except this were a righteous man he could not do such miracles” ( ver. 33 ), they were so enraged as to reply, “Thou wast altogether born in sin, and dost thou teach us?” what would they not have said, if he had spoken so from the beginning; what would they not have done? “Whether he be a sinner or not, I know not”; as though he had said, “I say nothing in this man’s favor, I make no declaration at present, yet this I certainly know and would affirm, that if he were a sinner he could not have done such things.” Thus he kept himself free from suspicion, and his testimony uncorrupted, as not speaking from partiality, but as bearing witness according to the fact. When therefore they could neither upset nor remove what had been done, they again return to their former plan, making trifling enquiries about the manner of the cure, like men1555   al. “dogs.” who search on every side about a prey which is before them, and cannot be hurt,1556   al. “surely enclosed.” hastening round now in one direction, now in another; and they recur to the man’s former assertions, in order now to make them unsound by continual questions, and say,

Ver. 26. “What did he to thee? How opened he thine eyes?”

What was his reply? Having conquered and cast them down, he no longer speaks to them submissly. As long as the matter needed enquiry and arguments he spake guardedly, while he supplied the proof; but when he had conquered and gained a splendid victory, he then takes courage, and tramples upon them. What saith he?

Ver. 27. “I have told you once,1557   “already,” N.T. and ye did not hear; wherefore would ye hear it again?”

Seest thou the bold-speaking of a beggar towards Scribes and Pharisees? So strong is truth, so weak is falsehood. Truth, though she take hold but of ordinary men, maketh them to appear glorious; the other, even though it be with the strong, shows them weak.1558   al. “weaker.” What he saith is of this kind: “Ye give no heed to my words, therefore I will no longer speak or answer you continually, who question1559   al. “trouble.” me to no purpose, and who do not desire to hear in order to learn, but that you may insult over my words.”

“Will ye also be His disciples?”

[3.] Now he hath ranked1560   al. “reckoned.” himself among the band of disciples, for the “will ye also?” is the expression of one who is declaring himself to be a disciple. Then he mocked and annoyed them abundantly. For since he knew that this struck them hard, he said it, wishing to upbraid them with exceeding severity; the act of a soul courageous, soaring on high and despising their madness, pointing out the greatness of this dignity, in which he was very confident, and showing that they insulted him who was a man worthy to be admired, but that he took not the insult to himself, but grasped as an honor what they offered as a reproach.

Ver. 28. “Thou art his disciple, but we are Moses’ disciples.”

“But this cannot be. Ye are neither Moses’ nor this Man’s; for were ye Moses’, ye would become this Man’s also.” Wherefore Christ before said unto them, because they were continually betaking themselves to these speeches, “Had ye believed Moses, ye would have believed Me, for he wrote of Me.” ( c. v. 46.)

Ver. 29. “We know that God spake unto Moses.”1561   “as for this fellow, we know not whence He is,” N.T.

By whose word, whose report? “That of our forefathers,” saith one. Is not He then more to be believed than your forefathers, who confirmeth by miracles that He came from God, and that He speaketh things from above? They said not, “We have heard that God spake to Moses,” but, “We know.” Do ye affirm, O Jews, what ye have by hearing, as knowing it, but deem what ye have by sight as less certain than what ye have by hearing? Yet the one ye saw not, but heard, the other ye did not hear, but saw. What then saith the blind man?

Ver. 30. “Why herein is a marvelous thing, that ye know not whence He is, and He doeth such miracles.”1562   “and yet He hath opened mine eyes,” N.T.

“That a Man, who is not one of the distinguished or noble or illustrious among you, can do such things; so that it is in every way clear that He is God, needing no human aid.”

Ver. 31. “We know that God heareth not sinners.”

Since they had been the first to say, “How can a man that is a sinner do such miracles?” ( ver. 16 ), he now brings forward even their judgment, reminding them of their own words. “This opinion,” saith he, “is common to me and you. Stand fast now to it.” And observe, I pray you, his wisdom. He turns about the miracle in every way, because they could not do away with it, and from it he draws his inferences. Seest thou that at first he said “Whether he be a sinner or not, I know not”? not doubting (God forbid!) but knowing that He was not a sinner. At least now, when he had an opportunity, see how he defended Him. “We know that God heareth not sinners”:

“But if any man be a worshiper of God, and doeth His will.”1563   “him He heareth,” N.T.

Here he not only hath cleared Him from sin, but declareth that He is very pleasing to God, and doeth all His will. For since they called themselves1564   al. “he (al. they) said that Christ was a worshiper of God.” worshipers of God, he added, “and doeth His will”; “since,” saith he, “it is not sufficient to know God: men must also do His will.” Then he magnifies what had been done, saying,

Ver. 32. “Since the world began was it not heard that any man opened the eyes of one that was born blind.”1565    ver. 33. “If this Man were not of God, He could do nothing.”

“If now ye acknowledge1566   al. “Then he draws an inference also. ‘ If this Man were not of God He could do nothing. ’ If therefore it is acknowledged,” &c. that God heareth not sinners, and this Person hath wrought a miracle, and such a miracle as no man ever wrought, it is clear that He hath surpassed all things in1567   or, “prevailed in all by.” virtue, and that His power is greater than belongeth to man.” What then say they?

Ver. 34. “Thou wast altogether born in sins, and dost thou teach us?”

As long as they expected that he would deny Christ, they deemed him trustworthy, calling upon him once and a second time. If ye1568   al. “if they,” &c. deemed him not trustworthy, why did ye call and question him a second time? But when he spake the truth, unabashed, then, when they ought most to have admired, they condemned him. But what is the, “Thou wast altogether born in sins”? They here unsparingly reproach him with his very blindness, as though they had said, “Thou art in sins from thy earliest age;” insinuating that on this account he was born blind; which was contrary to reason. On this point at least Christ comforting him said, “For judgment I am come into the world, that they which see not might see, and that they which see might be made blind.” ( c. ix. 39.)

“Thou wast altogether born in sins, and dost thou teach us?” Why, what had the man said? Did he set forth his private opinion? Did he not set forth a common judgment, saying, “We know that God heareth not sinners”? Did he not produce your own words?

“And they cast him out.”

Hast thou beheld the herald of the truth, how poverty was no hindrance to his true wisdom? Seest thou what reproaches, what sufferings he bare from the beginning, and how by word and by deed he testified?

[4.] Now these things are recorded, that we too may imitate them. For if the blind man, the beggar, who had not even seen Him, straightway showed such boldness even before he was encouraged by Christ, standing opposed to a whole people, murderous, possessed, and raving, who desired by means of his voice to condemn Christ, if he neither yielded nor gave back, but most boldly stopped their mouths, and chose rather to be cast out than to betray the truth; how much more ought we, who have lived so long in the faith, who have seen ten thousand marvels wrought by faith, who have received greater benefits than he, have recovered the sight of the eyes within, have beheld the ineffable Mysteries, and have been called to such honor, how ought we, I say, to exhibit all boldness of speech towards those who attempt to accuse, and who say anything against the Christians, and to stop their mouths, and not to acquiesce without an effort. And we shall be able to do this, if we are bold,1569   i.e. through a good conscience. and give heed to the Scriptures, and hear them not carelessly. For if one should come in here regularly, even though he read not at home, if he attends to what is said here, one year even is sufficient to make him well versed in them; because we do not to-day read one kind of Scriptures, and tomorrow another, but always and continually the same. Still such is the wretched disposition of the many, that after so much reading, they do not even know the names of the Books, and are not ashamed nor tremble at entering so carelessly into a place where they may hear God’s word. Yet if a harper, or dancer, or stage-player call the city, they all run eagerly, and feel obliged to him for the call, and spend the half of an entire day in attending to him alone; but when God speaketh to us by Prophets and Apostles, we yawn, we scratch ourselves, we are drowsy. And in summer, the heat seems too great, and we betake ourselves to the market place; and again, in winter, the rain and mire are a hindrance, and we sit at home; yet at horse races, though there is no roof over them to keep off the wet, the greater number, while heavy1570   al. “heavy and violent.” rains are falling, and the wind is dashing the water into their faces, stand like madmen, caring not for cold, and wet, and mud, and length of way, and nothing either keeps them at home, or prevents their going thither. But here, where there are roofs over head, and where the warmth is admirable, they hold back instead of running together; and this too, when the gain is that of their own souls. How is this tolerable, tell me? Thus it happens, that while we are more skilled than any in those matters, in things necessary we are more ignorant than children. If a man call you a charioteer, or a dancer, you say that you have been insulted, and use every means to wipe off the affront; but if he draw you to be a spectator of the action, you do not start away, and the art whose name you shun, you almost in every case pursue. But where you ought1571   al. “desire.” to have both the action and the name, both to be and to be called a Christian, you do not even know what kind of thing the action is. What can be worse than this folly?1572   al. “lawlessness.” These things I have desired continually to say to you, but I fear lest I gain hatred in vain and unprofitably. For I perceive that not only the young are mad, but the old also; about whom I am especially ashamed, when I see a man venerable from his white hairs, disgracing those white hairs, and drawing a child after him. What is worse than this mockery? What more shameful than this conduct? The child is taught by the father to act unseemly.

[5.] Do the words sting? This is what I desire, that you should suffer the pain caused by the words, in order to be delivered from the disgrace caused by the actions. For there are some too far colder than these, who are not even ashamed at the things spoken of, nay, who even put together1573   al. “are not even ashamed at what takes place at the theaters, but raise.” a long argument in defense of the action. If you ask them who was Amos or Obadiah, or what is the number of the Prophets or Apostles, they cannot even open their mouth but for horses and charioteers, they compose excuses more cleverly than sophists or rhetoricians, and after all this, they say, “What is the harm? what is the loss?” This is what I groan for, that ye do not so much as know that the action is a loss, nor have a sense of its evils. God hath given to thee an appointed space of life for serving Him, and dost thou while thou spendest it vainly, and at random, and on nothing useful, still ask, “What loss is there?” If thou hast spent a little money to no purpose, thou callest it a loss: when thou spendest whole days of thine upon the devil’s pageants, thinkest thou that thou art doing nothing wrong? Thou oughtest to spend all thy life in supplications1574   al. “alms-deeds.” and prayers, whereas thou wastest thy life and substance1575   βίον heedlessly, and to thine own hurt, on shouts, and uproar, and shameful words, and fighting, and unseasonable pleasure, and actions performed by trickery, and after all this thou askest, “What is the loss?” not knowing thou shouldest be lavish of anything rather than time.1576   al. “that thou wilt rather have required of thee the husbandry of time than any other thing.” Gold, if thou shalt have spent, thou mayest get again; but if thou lose time, thou shalt hardly recover that. Little is dealt out to us in this present life; if therefore we employ it not as we ought, what shall we say when we depart “there”? For tell me, if thou hadst commanded one of thy sons to learn some art, and then he had continually stayed at home, or even passed his time somewhere else, would not the teacher reject him? Would he not say to thee, “Thou hast made an agreement with me, and appointed a time; if now thy son will not spend this time with me but in other places, how shall I produce him to thee as a scholar?”1577   al. “an artist.” Thus also we must speak. For God will say also to us, “I gave you time to learn this art of piety, wherefore have ye foolishly and uselessly wasted that time? Why did ye neither go constantly to the teacher, nor give heed to his words?” For to show that piety is an art, hear what the Prophet saith, “Come, ye children, hearken unto me; I will teach you the fear of the Lord.” ( Ps. xxxiv. 11.) And again, “Blessed is the man whom Thou instructest, Lord, and teachest him out of Thy Law.” ( Ps. xciv. 12.) When therefore thou hast spent this time in vain, what excuse wilt thou have? “And why,” saith some one, “did He deal out to us but little time?” O senselessness and ingratitude! That for which thou wert most bounden to give thanks to Him, for that He hath cut short thy labors and abridged thy toils, and made the rest long and everlasting, for this dost thou find fault, and art discontented?

But I know not how we have brought our discourse to this point, and have made it so long; we must therefore shorten it now. For this too is a part of our wretchedness, that here if the discourse be long, we all become careless, while there1578   i.e. in the theater. they begin at noon, and retire by torch and lamp light. However, that we be not always chiding, we now entreat and beseech you, grant this favor to us and1579   al. “or rather, both to us and.” to yourselves; and getting free from all other matters, to these let us rivet ourselves. So shall we gain from you joy and gladness, and honor on your account, and a recompense for these labors; while ye will reap all the reward, because having been aforetime so madly riveted to the stage, ye tore yourselves away, through fear of God, and by our exhortations, from that malady, and brake your bonds, and hastened unto God. Nor is it “there” alone that ye shall receive your reward, but “here” also ye shall enjoy pure pleasure. Such a thing is virtue; besides giving us crowns in heaven, even here it maketh life pleasant to us. Let us then be persuaded by what has been said, that we may obtain the blessings both here and hereafter, through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom and with whom, to the Father and the Holy Ghost be glory, now and ever and world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΝΗʹ. Λέγουσι τῷ τυφλῷ πάλιν: Σὺ τί λέγεις περὶ αὐ τοῦ, ὅτι ἤνοιξέ σου τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς; Ὁ δὲ εἶπεν, Ὅτι προφήτης ἐστίν. Οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν οὖν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι. αʹ. Τὰς Γραφὰς οὐχ ἁπλῶς οὐδὲ παρέργως ἐπιέναι χρὴ, ἀλλὰ μετὰ ἀκριβείας ἁπάσης, ὥστε μὴ συμποδίζεσθαι. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ νῦν εἰκότως ἄν τις ἐνταῦθα διαπορήσειε, πῶς εἰπόντες, Οὗτος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅτι τὸ σάββατον οὐ τηρεῖ, λέγουσιν αὐτῷ: Σὺ τί λέγεις περὶ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἤνοιξέ σου τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς; Καὶ οὐκ εἶπον, Σὺ τί λέγεις περὶ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι παρέλυσε τὸ σάββατον; ἀλλὰ τὸ τῆς ἀπολογίας νῦν ἀντὶ τῆς κατηγορίας τιθέασι. Τί οὖν ἔστιν εἰπεῖν; Οὐκ εἰσὶν αὐτοὶ οἱ λέγοντες, Οὗτος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ: ἀλλ' οἱ σχισθέντες ἀπ' αὐτῶν: οἳ καὶ εἶπον, Ἄνθρωπος ἁμαρτωλὸς οὐ δύναται τοιαῦτα σημεῖα ποιεῖν. Βουλόμενοι γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἐπιστομίσαι πλέον, ἵνα μὴ δόξωσιν αὐτοὶ συνηγορεῖν τῷ Χριστῷ, τὸν λαβόντα τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ πεῖραν εἰς μέσον ἄγουσι καὶ ἐρωτῶσιν. Ὅρα τοίνυν τοῦ πένητος τὴν σοφίαν. Ἁπάντων γὰρ τούτων συνετωτέρως φθέγγεται. Καὶ πρῶτον μέν φησιν, ὅτι Προφήτης ἐστὶ, καὶ οὐ κατέπτηξεν αὐτῶν τῶν διεστραμμένων Ἰουδαίων τὴν κρίσιν, τῶν ἀντιλεγόντων, καὶ λεγόντων: Πῶς δύναται οὗτος εἶναι παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ, τὸ σάββατον οὐ τηρῶν; ἀλλ' ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Προφήτης ἐστί. Καὶ οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν ὅτι τυφλὸς ἦν καὶ ἀνέβλεψεν, ἕως οὗ ἐφώνησαν τοὺς γονεῖς αὐτοῦ. Καὶ σκόπει πόσοις τρόποις ἐπιχειροῦσι τὸ θαῦμα συσκιάσαι καὶ ἀνελεῖν. Ἀλλ' αὐτὴ τῆς ἀληθείας ἡ φύσις, δι' ὧν δοκεῖ παρὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐπιβουλεύεσθαι, διὰ τούτων ἰσχυροτέρα γίνεται: διὰ τούτων λάμπει, δι' ὧν συσκιάζεται. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ ταῦτα ἐγένετο, κἂν ὑπωπτεύθη παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς τὸ θαῦμα: νυνὶ δὲ ὡς σπουδάζοντες γυμνῶσαι τὴν ἀλήθειαν, οὕτως ἅπαντα πράττουσι, καὶ οὐκ ἂν ἑτέρως ἐποίησαν, εἴ γε ὑπὲρ τοῦ Χριστοῦ πάντα ἐποίουν. Καὶ γὰρ ἐπεχείρησαν διὰ τούτου τοῦ τρόπου καταβαλεῖν αὐτὸν, λέγοντες, Πῶς ἀνέῳξέ σου τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς; τουτέστι, μὴ γοητείᾳ τινί; Καὶ γὰρ ἀλλαχοῦ μηδὲν ἔχοντες ἐπισκῆψαι, τῷ τρόπῳ τῆς θεραπείας ἐπηρεάζειν ἐπιχειροῦσι λέγοντες: Οὐκ ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια, εἰ μὴ ἐν Βεελζεβούλ. Καὶ ἐνταῦθα πάλιν, οὐδὲν ἔχοντες εἰπεῖν, ἐπὶ τὸν καιρὸν καταφεύγουσι λέγοντες, ὅτι Λύει τὸ σάββατον: καὶ πάλιν, ὅτι Ἁμαρτωλός ἐστι. Καὶ μὴν φθονοῦντας ὑμᾶς καὶ ἑτοίμους ὄντας ἐπιλαβέσθαι τῶν αὐτῷ πεπραγμένων, μετὰ πάσης ἠρώτησεν ἀκριβείας, λέγων, Τίς ἐξ ὑμῶν ἐλέγχει με περὶ ἁμαρτίας: Καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐφθέγξατο, οὐδὲ εἶπεν, ὅτι Βλασφημεῖς, ἀναμάρτητον λέγων σεαυτόν. Καίτοι γε εἰ εἶχον εἰπεῖν, οὐκ ἂν ἐσίγησαν. Οἱ γὰρ διὰ τὸ ἀκοῦσαι, ὅτι πρὸ τοῦ Ἀβραάμ ἐστι, λιθάσαντες αὐτὸν καὶ εἰπόντες ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ἑαυτοὺς μὲν ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ αὐχοῦντες εἶναι, ἀνδροφόνους ὄντας, τὸν δὲ τοιαῦτα σημεῖα πράττοντα, ἐπειδὴ ἐθεράπευσεν, οὐκ εἶναι ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ τὸ μὴ τηρεῖν τὸ σάββατον λέγοντες: εἰ σκιὰν γοῦν εἶχον ἐγκλήματος, οὐκ ἂν παρέδραμον. Εἰ δὲ διὰ τοῦτο ἁμαρτωλὸν καλοῦσι, διότι τὸ σάββατον ἐδόκει λύειν, καὶ τοῦτο ἕωλον ἐφάνη τὸ ἔγκλημα, τῶν μετ' αὐτῶν τεταγμένων, ψυχρότητα πολλὴν καὶ μικροψυχίαν καταγνόντων αὐτῶν. Πάντοθεν τοίνυν συμποδισθέντες, ἐφ' ἕτερον ἔρχονται λοιπὸν ἀναισχυντότερον καὶ ἰταμώτερον. Ποῖον δὴ τοῦτο; Οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν, φησὶν, ὅτι ἦν τυφλὸς καὶ ἀνέβλεψε. Πῶς οὖν ἐνεκάλεσαν ὅτι τὸ σάββατον οὐ τηρεῖ, ἢ δηλονότι ὡς πιστεύσαντες; πῶς δὲ οὐ προσείχετε τῷ πολλῷ λαῷ; τοῖς γείτοσι τοῖς εἰδόσιν αὐτόν; Ἀλλ' ὅπερ ἔφην, πανταχοῦ τὸ ψεῦδος ἑαυτῷ μὲν περιπίπτει, δι' ὧν ἐπηρεάζειν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ δοκεῖ, τὴν δὲ ἀλήθειαν λαμπροτέραν ἐμφαίνει, ὃ δὴ καὶ νῦν γέγονεν. Ἵνα γὰρ μή τις λέγοι, ὅτι οὐδὲν ἀκριβὲς εἶπον οἱ γείτονες καὶ οἱ θεωροῦντες αὐτὸν, ἀλλὰ παρωμοίαζον, ἄγουσιν εἰς μέσον τοὺς γονεῖς, δι' ὧν ἐποίουν ἄκοντες τὸ γεγενημένον ἀληθὲς δεικνύντες. Καὶ γὰρ οὗτοι μάλιστα πάντων τὸ τέκνον ἠπίσταντο τὸ ἑαυτῶν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ αὐτὸν καταπλήξασθαι οὐκ ἴσχυσαν, ἀλλ' ἑώρων μετὰ πάσης παῤῥησίας τὸν εὐεργέτην κηρύττοντα, ἀπὸ τῶν γονέων προσεδόκων τιτρώσκειν τὸ θαῦμα. Καὶ ὅρα τῆς ἐρωτήσεως τὴν κακίαν. Τί γάρ φησιν; Στήσαντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ μέσον, ὥστε εἰς ἀγωνίαν ἐμβαλεῖν, μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς σφοδρότητος καὶ τοῦ θυμοῦ προσάγουσι τὴν πεῦσιν: Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς ὑμῶν; Καὶ οὐκ εἶπαν, Ὁ ποτὲ τυφλός: ἀλλὰ πῶς; Ὃν ὑμεῖς λέγετε ὅτι τυφλὸς ἐγεννήθη, ὡσανεὶ κακουργούντων αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ συγκροτούντων. Ὦ μιαροὶ, καὶ παμμίαροι! καὶ τίς ἂν ἕλοιτο πατὴρ τοιαῦτα καταψεύσασθαι παιδός; Μονονουχὶ γὰρ λέγουσιν, Ὃν ὑμεῖς ἐποιήσατε τυφλόν: οὐ μόνον δὲ, ἀλλὰ καὶ διεδώκατε πανταχοῦ τὸν λόγον. Πῶς οὖν βλέπει νῦν; Ὢ τῆς ἀνοίας! Ὑμῶν, φησὶν, ἐστὶ τὸ σκευώρημα καὶ ἡ κατασκευή. Δύο γὰρ τούτοις αὐτοὺς εἰς ἄρνησιν ἄγειν ἐπιχειροῦσι, τῷ τε εἰπεῖν, Ὃν ὑμεῖς λέγετε, καὶ τῷ εἰπεῖν. Πῶς οὖν βλέπει ἄρτι; βʹ. Τριῶν τοίνυν ἐρωτήσεων γενομένων, εἰ υἱὸς αὐτῶν ἦν, εἰ τυφλὸς ἦν, καὶ πῶς ἀνέβλεψε, τὰς δύο μόνας ὁμολογοῦσι, τὴν δὲ τρίτην οὐ προστιθέασι. Καὶ τοῦτο δὲ ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀληθείας γέγονεν, ὥστε μηδένα ἄλλον, ἀλλὰ τὸν τεθεραπευμένον, τὸν καὶ ἀξιόπιστον ὄντα, ταῦτα ὁμολογεῖν. Πῶς γὰρ ἂν ἐχαρίσαντο οἱ γονεῖς, οἱ καὶ ὧν ᾔδεσάν τινα σιγήσαντες διὰ τὸν φόβον τῶν Ἰουδαίων; Τί γάρ φασιν; Ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς ἡμῶν, ἡμεῖς οἴδαμεν, καὶ ὅτι τυφλὸς ἐγεννήθη: πῶς δὲ νῦν βλέπει, ἢ τίς ἀνέῳξεν αὐτοῦ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς, ἡμεῖς οὐκ οἴδαμεν: αὐτὸς ἡλικίαν ἔχει, αὐτὸς περὶ ἑαυτοῦ λόγον λαλήσει. Ἀξιόπιστον αὐτὸν ποιήσαντες, οὕτω παρῃτήσαντο: Οὐκ ἔστι παιδίον, φησὶν, οὐδὲ ἀτελὴς, ἀλλ' ἱκανὸν ἑαυτῷ μαρτυρῆσαι. Ταῦτα δὲ εἶπον διὰ τὸν φόβον τῶν Ἰουδαίων. Ὅρα πῶς πάλιν τὴν δόξαν αὐτῶν ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς καὶ τὴν γνώμην εἰς μέσον ἄγει. Ταῦτα λέγω, διὰ τὸ ῥῆμα ἐκεῖνο, ὃ ἔμπροσθεν ἔλεγον, εἰπόντες, ὅτι Ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ποιεῖ τῷ Θεῷ: ὅτι εἰ καὶ ἐκεῖνο τῆς γνώμης ἦν τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ἀλλὰ μὴ τῆς κρίσεως τοῦ Χριστοῦ, προσέθηκεν ἂν καὶ εἶπεν, ὅτι γνώμη ἦν Ἰουδαϊκή. Ἐπεὶ οὖν παρέπεμψαν αὐτοὺς πρὸς τὸν τεθεραπευμένον, πάλιν ἐφώνησαν ἐκ δευτέρου. Καὶ φανερῶς μὲν καὶ ἀναισχύντως οὐ λέγουσιν: Ἄρνησαι ὅτι ὁ Χριστὸς ἐθεράπευσε: προσχήματι δὲ εὐλαβείας τοῦτο κατασκευάσαι βούλονται. Δὸς γὰρ, φησὶ, δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ. Τοῖς μὲν γὰρ γονεῦσιν εἰπεῖν, Ἀρνήσασθε ὅτι υἱὸς ὑμῶν ἐστι, καὶ ὅτι τυφλὸν ἐγεννήσατε, σφόδρα ἐδόκει καταγέλαστον εἶναι: αὐτῷ δὲ πάλιν εἰπεῖν τοῦτο, φανερὰ ἦν ἀναισχυντία. Διὰ τοῦτο μὲν οὐ λέγουσιν, ἑτέρως δὲ αὐτὸ μεθοδεύουσι, Δὸς δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ, λέγοντες: τουτέστιν, Ὁμολόγησον ὅτι οὗτος οὐδὲν εἰργάσατο. Ἡμεῖς οἴδαμεν ὅτι οὗτος ἄνθρωπος ἁμαρτωλός ἐστι. Πῶς οὖν αὐτὸν οὐκ ἠλέγξατε λέγοντα: Τίς ἐξ ὑμῶν ἐλέγχει με περὶ ἁμαρτίας; πόθεν δὲ ἴστε ὅτι ἁμαρτωλός ἐστι; Εἰπόντων δὲ αὐτῶν, Δὸς δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ τούτου μηδὲν εἰπόντος, ἀπαντήσας ὁ Χριστὸς, ἐπῄνεσε καὶ οὐκ ἐνεκάλεσεν, οὐδὲ εἶπε, Διατί οὐκ ἔδωκας δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ; ἀλλὰ τί; Πιστεύεις εἰς τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ; ἵνα μάθῃς, ὅτι τοῦτό ἐστι δοῦναι δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ. Εἰ δὲ οὐκ ἦν ἰσότιμος τῷ Πατρὶ, αὕτη δόξα οὐκ ἂν ἦν. Ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ ὁ τιμῶν τὸν Υἱὸν αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ τιμῶν τὸν Πατέρα, εἰκότως οὐκ ἐπιτιμᾶται ὁ τυφλός. Ὅτε μὲν οὖν προσεδόκων τοὺς γονεῖς ἀνανεύειν καὶ ἀρνεῖσθαι, οὐδὲν αὐτῷ ἔλεγον: ἐπειδὴ δὲ εἶδον οὐδὲν πλέον αὐτοῖς γεγενημένον ἐκ τούτου, ἐπὶ τοῦτον ἔρχονται πάλιν, λέγοντες, ὅτι Ἁμαρτωλός ἐστιν οὗτος. Ἀπεκρίθη ἐκεῖνος καὶ εἶπεν: Εἰ ἁμαρτωλός ἐστιν, οὐκ οἶδα: ἓν οἶδα, ὅτι τυφλὸς ὢν, ἄρτι βλέπω. Ἆρα μὴ ἐφοβήθη ὁ τυφλός; Μὴ γένοιτο. Καὶ πῶς ὁ εἰπὼν, ὅτι Προφήτης ἐστὶ, λέγει, Εἰ ἁμαρτωλός ἐστιν, οὐκ οἶδα; Οὐχ οὕτως ἔχων, οὐδὲ τοῦτο πεπεικὼς ἑαυτὸν, ἀλλὰ βουλόμενος ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ πράγματος μαρτυρίας, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτοῦ φωνῆς ἀπαλλάξαι τῶν ἐγκλημάτων αὐτὸν, καὶ ἀξιόπιστον ποιῆσαι τὴν ἀπολογίαν, τῆς ἀπὸ τῆς εὐεργεσίας μαρτυρίας καταψηφιζομένης αὐτῶν. Εἰ γὰρ μετὰ πλείονας λόγους εἰπόντος αὐτοῦ, ὅτι Εἰ μὴ οὗτος ἦν θεοσεβὴς, οὐκ ἠδύνατο τοιαῦτα σημεῖα ποιεῖν, οὕτως ἠγανάκτουν ὡς εἰπεῖν, Ἐν ἁμαρτίαις σὺ ἐγεννήθης ὅλος, καὶ σὺ διδάσκεις ἡμᾶς; εἰ ἐξ ἀρχῆς τοῦτο εἶπεν, τί οὐκ ἂν ἔπραξαν; τί δὲ οὐκ εἶπαν; Εἰ ἁμαρτωλός ἐστιν, οὐκ οἶδα; ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγεν: Οὐδὲν ὑπὲρ τοῦτον λέγω νῦν, οὐδὲ ἀποφαίνομαι τέως: ἐκεῖνο μέντοι οἶδα σαφῶς καὶ διισχυρισαίμην ἂν, ὅτι ἁμαρτωλὸς ὢν, οὐκ ἂν τοιαῦτα ἐποίησε. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἀνύποπτον ἐποίησεν ἑαυτὸν, καὶ τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἀδέκαστον, ὡς οὐκ ἔτι χαριζόμενος, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τοῦ πράγματος μαρτυρῶν. Ἐπεὶ οὖν οὐκ ἴσχυσαν ἀνατρέψαι οὐδὲ ἀνελεῖν τὸ γεγονὸς, πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ πρότερον ἔρχονται, τὸν τρόπον τῆς θεραπείας περιεργαζόμενοι, καθάπερ τινὲς θήραν ἀσφαλῶς προκειμένην πάντοθεν διερευνώμενοι, καὶ νῦν μὲν ὧδε, νῦν δὲ ἐκεῖ περιτρέχοντες. Καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς προτέρους ἔρχονται λόγους, ἵνα πάλιν σαθροὺς αὐτοὺς ποιήσωσι τῷ συνεχῶς ἐρωτᾷν, καὶ λέγουσι: Τί ἐποίησέ σοι; πῶς ἀνέῳξέ σου τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς; Τί οὖν ἐκεῖνος; Νικήσας αὐτοὺς καὶ καταβαλὼν, οὐκ ἔτι λοιπὸν ὑφειμένως διαλέγεται. Ἕως μὲν γὰρ τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐξετάσεως ἐδεῖτο καὶ ἐλέγχων, παρείχετο τὴν ἀπόδειξιν ὑπεσταλμένως φθεγγόμενος: ἐπειδὴ δὲ εἷλε καὶ ἐνίκησε νίκην λαμπρὰν, θαῤῥῶν ἐπεμβαίνει αὐτοῖς λοιπόν. Καὶ τί φησιν; Εἶπον ὑμῖν ἅπαξ, καὶ οὐκ ἠκούσατε: τί πάλιν θέλετε ἀκούειν; Εἶδες παῤῥησίαν ἐπαίτου πρὸς ἄνδρας γραμματεῖς καὶ Φαρισαίους; Οὕτως ἰσχυρὸν ἡ ἀλήθεια, οὕτως ἀσθενὲς τὸ ψεῦδος. Ἐκείνη μὲν γὰρ, κἂν τῶν τυχόντων ἐπιλάβηται, λαμπροὺς αὐτοὺς ἀποφαίνει: τοῦτο δὲ, κἂν μετὰ τῶν ἰσχυρῶν ᾖ, ἀσθενεῖς αὐτοὺς δείκνυσιν. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστι: Οὐ προσέχετε τοῖς λεγομένοις: διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἔτι ἐρῶ, οὐδὲ ἀποκρινοῦμαι συνεχῶς ὑμῖν, ἐρωτῶσιν εἰκῆ, καὶ οὐχ ὑπὲρ τοῦ μαθεῖν βουλομένοις ἀκοῦσαι, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ τοῦ τοῖς λεγομένοις ἐπηρεάσαι. Μὴ καὶ ὑμεῖς θέλετε μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ γενέσθαι; Τέως ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὸν τῶν μαθητῶν ἐγκατέταξε χορόν. Τὸ γὰρ Μὴ καὶ ὑμεῖς, δεικνύντος ἑαυτόν ἐστι μαθητὴν ὄντα. Εἶτα αὐτοὺς ἐκωμῴδησε καὶ διέπληξεν ἱκανῶς. γʹ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ᾔδει, ὅτι σφόδρα αὐτοὺς τοῦτο ἔπληττε, καθάψασθαι μεθ' ὑπερβολῆς αὐτῶν βουλόμενος, τοῦτο εἴρηκεν: ὅπερ ἦν ψυχῆς πεπαῤῥησιασμένης καὶ ἀνεπτερωμένης καὶ ὑπερορώσης αὐτῶν τῆς μανίας, καὶ δεικνυούσης αὐτοῦ μέγα τὸ ἀξίωμα, ἐφ' ᾧ σφόδρα ἐθάῤῥει, καὶ δηλούσης ὡς ἐκεῖνοι θαυμαστὸν ὄντα αὐτὸν ὕβριζον, αὐτὸς δὲ οὐχ ὑβρίζετο, ἀλλ' ὅπερ ὡς ὕβριν προσέφερον, τοῦτο ὡς τιμὴν ἥρπασε. Σὺ εἶ μαθητὴς ἐκείνου, φησίν: ἡμεῖς δὲ τοῦ Μωϋσέως ἐσμὲν μαθηταί. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν ἔχοι λόγον τοῦτο. Ὑμεῖς γὰρ οὔτε Μωϋσέως, οὔτε τούτου. Εἰ γὰρ ἦτε Μωϋσέως, καὶ τούτου ἂν ἐγένεσθε. Διὰ τοῦτο ἄνωθεν ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Χριστός: Εἰ ἐπιστεύετε Μωϋσῇ, ἐπιστεύετε ἂν ἐμοί: περὶ γὰρ ἐμοῦ ἐκεῖνος ἔγραψεν: ἐπειδὴ εἰς τούτους ἀεὶ τοὺς λόγους κατέφευγον. Ἡμεῖς οἴδαμεν, ὅτι Μωϋσεῖ λελάληκεν ὁ Θεός. Τίνος εἰπόντος; τίνος ἀπαγγείλαντος; Τῶν προγόνων, φησὶ, τῶν ἡμετέρων. Εἶτα, τῶν προγόνων, φησὶ, τῶν ὑμετέρων οὐκ ἔστιν ἀξιοπιστότερος ὁ διὰ τῶν σημείων τοῦτο διαβεβαιούμενος, ὅτι τε ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ἥκει, καὶ ὅτι τὰ ἄνωθεν φθέγγεται; Καὶ οὐκ εἶπαν: Ἡμεῖς ἠκούσαμεν, ὅτι Μωϋσεῖ λελάληκεν ὁ Θεὸς, ἀλλ' ὅτι Οἴδαμεν. Τὰ ἐξ ἀκοῆς ὑμεῖς, ὦ Ἰουδαῖοι, ὡς εἰδότες διισχυρίζεσθε: τὰ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ὄψεως, ἀκοῆς ἐλάττονα εἶναι νομίζετε; Καὶ μὴν ἐκεῖνα μὲν οὐκ εἴδετε, ἀλλ' ἠκούσατε: ταῦτα δὲ οὐκ ἠκούσατε, ἀλλ' εἴδετε. Τί οὖν ὁ τυφλός; Ἐν τούτῳ γάρ ἐστι τὸ θαυμαστὸν, ὅτι ὑμεῖς οὐκ οἴδατε πόθεν ἐστὶ, καὶ τοιαῦτα σημεῖα ποιεῖ: ὅτι ἄνθρωπος οὐ τῶν ἐπισήμων παρ' ὑμῖν ὢν, οὐδὲ τῶν περιφανῶν, οὐδὲ τῶν δεδοξασμένων, τοιαῦτα δύναται: ὡς εἶναι πάντοθεν δῆλον, ὅτι Θεός ἐστιν, οὐδεμιᾶς ἀνθρωπίνης δεόμενος βοηθείας. Οἴδαμεν δὲ ὅτι Θεὸς ἁμαρτωλῶν οὐκ ἀκούει. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ προλαβόντες εἶπον, Πῶς δύναται ἄνθρωπος ἁμαρτωλὸς τοιαῦτα σημεῖα ποιεῖν; λοιπὸν καὶ τὴν ἐκείνων παραλαμβάνει κρίσιν, τῶν οἰκείων αὐτοὺς ὑπομιμνήσκων ῥημάτων. Ἡ δόξα, φησὶν, αὕτη καὶ ἐμοῦ καὶ ὑμῶν κοινή: ταύτῃ τοίνυν ἐμμείνατε. Καὶ θέα μοι τὴν σύνεσιν: Πανταχοῦ τὸ σημεῖον περιστρέφει, ἐπειδὴ τοῦτο ἑλεῖν οὐκ εἶχον, καὶ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ συλλογίζεται. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι καὶ ὃ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Εἰ ἁμαρτωλός ἐστιν, οὐκ οἶδα, οὐχὶ ἀμφιβάλλων: μὴ γένοιτο: ἀλλ' εἰδὼς ὅτι οὐχ ἁμαρτωλός ἐστιν; Νῦν γοῦν ὅτε καιρὸν ἔσχεν, ὅρα πῶς ἀπελογήσατο. Οἴδαμεν δὲ ὅτι ἁμαρτωλῶν ὁ Θεὸς οὐκ ἀκούει, ἀλλ' ἐάν τις θεοσεβὴς ᾖ, καὶ τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ ποιῇ. Ἐνταῦθα γὰρ οὐχὶ μόνον ἁμαρτημάτων αὐτὸν ἀπήλλαξεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα ἀρέσκοντα τῷ Θεῷ δείκνυσι, καὶ τὰ ἐκείνου πάντα πράττοντα. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι θεοσεβεῖς ἔλεγον ἑαυτοὺς, προσέθηκε, Καὶ τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ ποιῇ. Οὐκ ἀρκεῖ γὰρ τοῦτο, φησὶν, τὸ ἐπιγινώσκειν τὸν Θεὸν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ ποιεῖν. Εἶτα ἐπαίρει τὸ γεγονὸς, λέγων, Ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰῶνος οὐκ ἠκούσθη, ὅτι ἤνοιξέ τις ὀφθαλμοὺς τυφλοῦ γεγεννημένου. Εἰ τοίνυν ὁμολογεῖτε, ὅτι ἁμαρτωλῶν οὐκ ἀκούει, οὗτος δὲ θαῦμα ἐποίησε, καὶ θαῦμα τοιοῦτον, οἷον οὐδεὶς ἄνθρωπος ἐποίησεν, εὔδηλον ὅτι πάντα ἐνίκησεν ἀρετῇ, καὶ μείζων αὐτοῦ ἐστιν ἢ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον ἡ δύναμις. Τί οὖν ἐκεῖνοι; Ἐν ἁμαρτίαις σὺ ἐγεννήθης ὅλος, καὶ σὺ διδάσκεις ἡμᾶς: Ἕως μὲν γὰρ αὐτὸν προσεδόκων ἀρνεῖσθαι, καὶ ἀξιόπιστον εἶναι ἐνόμιζον, καὶ ἅπαξ καὶ δεύτερον καλοῦντες αὐτόν. Εἰ δὲ μὴ ἐνομίζετε ἀξιόπιστον, εἴποιμ' ἂν πρὸς αὐτοὺς, Τίνος ἕνεκεν ἐκαλεῖτε καὶ δεύτερον ἠρωτᾶτε; Ἐπειδὴ δὲ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐφθέγξατο, οὐδὲν αἰδεσθεὶς, ὅτε μάλιστα αὐτὸν θαυμάσαι ἐχρῆν, τότε αὐτὸν καταδικάζουσι. Τί δέ ἐστιν, Ἐν ἁμαρτίαις ἐγεννήθης ὅλος; Ἐνταῦθα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν τύφλωσιν ὀνειδίζουσιν ἀφειδῶς: ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγον, Ἐκ πρώτης ἡλικίας ἐν ἁμαρτίαις εἶ σὺ, παραδηλοῦντες ὅτι διὰ τοῦτο γέγονε τυφλὸς, ὅπερ λόγον οὐκ εἶχεν. Ἐν τούτῳ γοῦν αὐτὸν παραμυθούμενος ὁ Χριστὸς ἔλεγεν: Εἰς κρῖμα ἐγὼ ἦλθον εἰς τὸν κόσμον, ἵνα οἱ μὴ βλέποντες βλέψωσι, καὶ οἱ βλέποντες τυφλοὶ γένωνται. Ἐν ἁμαρτίαις σὺ ἐγεννήθης ὅλος, καὶ σὺ διδάσκεις ἡμᾶς; Τί γὰρ εἶπεν ὁ ἄνθρωπος; μὴ γὰρ οἰκείαν γνώμην ἐξέθετο; οὐχὶ κοινὴν κρίσιν ἐξήτασε, λέγων: Οἴδαμεν ὅτι ἁμαρτωλῶν ὁ Θεὸς οὐκ ἀκούει; οὐχὶ τὰ παρ' ὑμῶν λεχθέντα εἰς μέσον ἤγαγε; Καὶ ἐξέβαλον αὐτὸν ἔξω. Εἶδες τὸν κήρυκα τῆς ἀληθείας, πῶς ἡ πενία τῆς φιλοσοφίας οὐκ ἐγένετο κώλυμα; Ὁρᾷς ὅσα ἤκουσεν ἐκ προοιμίων, καὶ ὅσα ἔπαθεν; καὶ διὰ λόγων καὶ διὰ ἔργων πῶς ἐμαρτύρησε; δʹ. Ταῦτα δὲ ἀναγέγραπται, ἵνα καὶ ἡμεῖς μιμώμεθα. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ ἐπαίτης, ὁ τυφλὸς, ὁ μηδὲ ἑωρακὼς αὐτὸν, τοσαύτην εὐθέως παῤῥησίαν ἐπεδείξατο πρὸ τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παρακλήσεως, πρὸς ὁλόκληρον δῆμον στὰς, φονῶντα καὶ δαιμονῶντα καὶ μαινόμενον, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκείνου φωνῆς βουλόμενον καταδικάσαι τὸν Χριστὸν, καὶ οὐκ εἶξεν, οὐδὲ ὑπεχώρησεν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ παῤῥησίας ἁπάσης αὐτοὺς ἐπεστόμισεν, καὶ εἵλετο βληθῆναι ἔξω μᾶλλον, ἢ προδοῦναι τὴν ἀλήθειαν: πόσῳ μᾶλλον ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον χρόνον ἐν πίστει ζήσαντας, τοὺς μυρία θαύματα διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἑωρακότας, τοὺς μείζονα εὐεργετηθέντας ἐκείνου, καὶ τοὺς ἔνδοθεν ὀφθαλμοὺς ἀναβλέψαντας, καὶ τὰ ἀπόῤῥητα θεασαμένους μυστήρια, καὶ εἰς τοσαύτην κληθέντας τιμὴν, ἅπασαν παῤῥησίαν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ ἐπιδείκνυσθαι χρὴ πρὸς τοὺς ἐγκαλεῖν ἐπιχειροῦντας καὶ λέγοντάς τι κατὰ Χριστιανῶν καὶ ἐπιστομίζειν, ἀλλὰ μὴ συγγινώσκειν ἁπλῶς! Δυνησόμεθα δὲ τοῦτο ποιεῖν, ἐὰν καὶ παῤῥησίαν ἔχωμεν, καὶ ταῖς Γραφαῖς προσέχωμεν, καὶ μὴ παρέργως αὐτὰς ἀκούωμεν. Εἰ γάρ τις ἀκριβῶς ἐνταῦθα εἰσέρχοιτο, κἂν οἴκοι μὴ ἀναγινώσκῃ, προσέχῃ δὲ τοῖς ἐνταῦθα λεγομένοις, ἀρκεῖ καὶ ἐνιαυτὸς εἷς εἰς ἐμπειρίαν αὐτὸν καταστῆσαι πολλήν. Οὐ γὰρ νῦν μὲν ταύτας, αὔριον δὲ ἑτέρας ἀναγινώσκομεν Γραφάς: ἀλλ' ἀεὶ τὰς αὐτὰς καὶ διαπαντός. Ἀλλ' ὅμως οὕτως ἀθλίως οἱ πολλοὶ διάκεινται, ὡς μετὰ τοσαύτην ἀνάγνωσιν μηδὲ τὰ ὀνόματα εἰδέναι τῶν βιβλίων: καὶ οὐκ αἰσχύνονται, οὐδὲ φρίττουσιν, οὕτω παρέργως εἰς ἀκροατήριον θεῖον εἰσερχόμενοι. Ἀλλ' ἂν μὲν κιθαρῳδὸς, ἢ ὀρχηστὴς, ἢ ἄλλος τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς σκηνῆς καλέσῃ τὴν πόλιν, μετὰ σπουδῆς ἅπαντες τρέχουσι, καὶ χάριν αὐτῷ τῆς κλήσεως ἴσασι, καὶ ἡμέρας ὁλοκλήρου τὸ ἥμισυ μέρος ἀναλίσκουσιν, ἐκείνῳ μόνῳ προσέχοντες: τοῦ δὲ Θεοῦ διὰ προφητῶν καὶ ἀποστόλων ἡμῖν διαλεγομένου, χασμώμεθα, κνώμεθα, ἰλιγγιῶμεν. Καὶ ἐν μὲν τῷ θέρει πολὺς ὁ αὐχμὸς εἶναι δοκεῖ, καὶ τὴν ἀγορὰν καταλαμβάνομεν: καὶ ἐν χειμῶνι πάλιν, ὁ ὑετὸς κώλυμα καὶ ὁ πηλὸς, καὶ οἴκοι καθήμεθα. Καὶ ἐν μὲν ταῖς ἱπποδρομίαις, οὐκ ὀρόφου ἐπικειμένου τοῦ τὸν ὑετὸν στέγοντος, οἱ πλείους πολλῶν ὄμβρων καταφερομένων, καὶ ἀνέμου τὸ ὕδωρ εἰς τὰς ὄψεις ῥιπίζοντος, ἑστήκασι μαινόμενοι, καὶ ψύχους, καὶ ὑετοῦ, καὶ πηλοῦ, καὶ μήκους ὁδοῦ καταφρονοῦντες, καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτοὺς οὔτε οἴκοι κατέχει, οὔτε ἐκεῖ κωλύει διαβῆναι: ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ ὀρόφων ἐπικειμένων, καὶ θέρμης οὔσης θαυμαστῆς, ἀναδύονται καὶ οὐ συντρέχουσι: καὶ ταῦτα ἐπὶ κέρδει τῆς οἰκείας ψυχῆς. Ποῦ ταῦτα ἀνεκτὰ, εἰπέ μοι; Διὰ τοῦτο ἐν ἐκείνοις πάντων ὄντες ἐμπειρότεροι, ἐν τοῖς ἀναγκαίοις παίδων ἐσμὲν ἀμαθέστεροι. Κἂν μέν τίς [σε] ἡνίοχον καὶ ὀρχηστὴν καλέσῃ, ὑβρίσθαι φῂς, καὶ πάντα ποιεῖς, ὥστε σε τὸ ὄνειδος ἀποτρίψασθαι: ἂν δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν θεωρίαν σε ἑλκύσῃ τοῦ πράγματος, οὐκ ἀποπηδᾷς: καὶ ἧς τὸ ὄνομα φεύγεις τέχνης, ταύτην μεταδιώκεις σχεδὸν ἅπασαν. Ἔνθα δὲ καὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα καὶ τὸ ὄνομα ἔχειν ὀφείλεις, καὶ εἶναι καὶ καλεῖσθαι Χριστιανὸς, οὐδὲ τί ποτέ ἐστι τὸ πρᾶγμα οἶδας. Τί ταύτης τῆς ἀνοίας γένοιτ' ἂν χεῖρον; Ταῦτα ἐβουλόμην συνεχῶς λέγειν πρὸς ὑμᾶς: δέδοικα δὲ, μὴ μάτην ἀπεχθάνωμαι καὶ κέρδους χωρίς. Ὁρῶ γὰρ μεμηνότας οὐ νέους μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ γέροντας: ἐφ' ὧν μάλιστα αἰσχύνομαι, ὅταν ἴδω ἄνδρα ἀπὸ τῆς πολιᾶς αἰδέσιμον, καταισχύνοντα τὴν πολιὰν, καὶ παιδίον ἐπισυρόμενον. Τί γὰρ τοῦ γέλωτος τούτου χεῖρον; τί τοῦ ἔργου τούτου αἰσχρότερον; ὁ παῖς παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς διδάσκεται ἀσχημονεῖν. εʹ. Δάκνει τὰ ῥήματα; Τοῦτο κἀγὼ βούλομαι, ἀνασχέσθαι ὑμᾶς τῆς διὰ τῶν ῥημάτων ἀλγηδόνος, ἵνα τῆς διὰ τῶν πραγμάτων ἀσχημοσύνης ἀπαλλαγῆτε. Καὶ γὰρ εἰσί τινες, οἱ πολλῷ ψυχρότεροι τούτων ὄντες, οἳ οὐδὲ αἰσχύνονται ἐπὶ τοῖς λεγομένοις, ἀλλὰ καὶ μακρὸν εἴρουσιν ὑπὲρ τοῦ πράγματος λόγον. Κἂν μὲν ἐρωτήσῃς, τίς ἐστιν ὁ Ἀμὼς, ἢ ὁ Ἀβδιοῦ, ἢ ποῖος τῶν προφητῶν ὁ ἀριθμὸς, ἢ τῶν ἀποστόλων, οὐδὲ χάναι δύνανται. Ὑπὲρ δὲ ἵππων καὶ ἡνιόχων, σοφιστῶν καὶ ῥητόρων δεινότερον ἀπολογίαν συντιθέασι: καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἅπαντα λέγουσι, Καὶ τί τὸ βλάβος; καὶ τίς ἡ ζημία; Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο στένω, ὅτι οὐδὲ ζημίαν ἴστε τὸ πρᾶγμα, οὐδὲ αἴσθησιν λαμβάνετε τῶν κακῶν. Ἔδωκέ σοι βίου προθεσμίαν ὁ Θεὸς εἰς τὸ θεραπεύειν αὐτόν: σὺ δὲ μάτην ἀναλίσκων αὐτὸν καὶ εἰκῆ καὶ ἐν οὐδενὶ χρησίμῳ, ἐξετάζεις ἔτι, τίς ἡ ζημία; Κἂν μὲν ἀργύριον ὀλίγον δαπανήσῃς ἁπλῶς, ζημίαν τὸ πρᾶγμα καλεῖς: τὰς δὲ ἡμέρας σου δαπανῶν ὁλοκλήρους εἰς σατανικὰς πομπὰς, οὐδὲν ἡγῇ ποιεῖν ἄτοπον; Δέον εἰς λιτὰς καὶ εὐχὰς δαπανᾷν σου τὴν ζωὴν ἅπασαν, σὺ δὲ εἰς κραυγὰς καὶ θορύβους καὶ αἰσχρὰ ῥήματα, καὶ μάχην καὶ τέρψιν ἄκαιρον, καὶ ἔργα ἀπὸ μαγγανείας γινόμενα τὸν βίον σου καταναλίσκεις εἰκῆ καὶ ἐπὶ κακῷ τῷ σῷ: καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα πάντα ἐρωτᾷς, τίς ἡ ζημία; οὐκ εἰδὼς ὅτι παντὸς μᾶλλον ἀφειδεῖν χρὴ, ἢ χρόνου. Χρυσίον ἂν ἀναλώσῃς, δυνήσῃ πάλιν ἀνακτήσασθαι: χρόνον δὲ ἂν ἀπολέσῃς, δυσκόλως αὐτὸν ἀναλήψῃ. Ὀλίγος γὰρ ἡμῖν τεταμίευται κατὰ τὸν παρόντα βίον. Ἂν οὖν εἰς δέον αὐτῷ μὴ χρησώμεθα, τί ἐροῦμεν ἀπελθόντες ἐκεῖ; Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι: εἴ τινά σου τῶν υἱῶν ἐκέλευσας τέχνην μαθεῖν, εἶτα ἐκεῖνος οἴκοι διὰ παντὸς ἔμενεν, ἢ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ που διέτριβεν, οὐκ ἂν αὐτὸν παρῃτήσατο ὁ διδάσκαλος; οὐκ ἂν εἶπε πρὸς σέ: Συγγραφὴν πρός με πεποίηκας, καὶ χρόνον ὥρισας. Εἰ μὴ μέλλει τοίνυν τὸν χρόνον τοῦτον παρ' ἡμῖν, ἀλλ' ἑτέρωθι ἀναλίσκειν ὁ παῖς, πῶς σοι παραστησόμεθα μαθητήν; Ταῦτα καὶ ἡμᾶς εἰπεῖν ἀνάγκη. Ἐρεῖ δὲ καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῖν: Χρόνον ὑμῖν δέδωκα, φησὶ, πρὸς τὸ μαθεῖν τὴν τέχνην ταύτην τὴν τῆς εὐλαβείας: τίνος ἕνεκεν εἰκῆ καὶ μάτην τὸν χρόνον ἀνηλώσατε τοῦτον; τί δὲ πρὸς τὸν διδάσκαλον συνεχῶς οὐκ ἐβαδίζετε, οὐδὲ προσείχετε τοῖς λεγομένοις; Ὅτι γὰρ τέχνη ἐστὶν ἡ εὐλάβεια, ἄκουσον τί φησιν ὁ προφήτης: Δεῦτε, τέκνα, ἀκούσατέ μου, φόβον Κυρίου διδάξω ὑμᾶς: καὶ πάλιν: Μακάριος ἄνθρωπος, ὃν ἂν παιδεύσῃς, Κύριε, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ νόμου σου διδάξῃς αὐτόν. Ὅταν οὖν τοῦτον ἀναλώσῃς εἰκῆ, ποίαν ἕξεις ἀπολογίαν; Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν, φησὶν, ὀλίγον ἡμῖν ἐταμιεύσατο χρόνον; Ὢ τῆς ἀναισθησίας καὶ τῆς ἀγνωμοσύνης! ὑπὲρ οὗ μάλιστα εὐχαριστεῖν ἔδει, ὅτι σοι τοὺς πόνους ἐπέτεμε, καὶ τοὺς ἱδρῶτας ἐνέκοψε, καὶ τὴν ἀνάπαυσιν μακρὰν ἐποίησε καὶ ἀθάνατον, ὑπὲρ τούτων ἐγκαλεῖς καὶ δυσχεραίνεις; Ἀλλὰ γὰρ οὐκ οἶδα πῶς ἐνταῦθα τὸν λόγον ἐξηγάγομεν καὶ μακρὸν εἰργασάμεθα. Διόπερ ἀναγκαῖον αὐτὸν συστεῖλαι πάλιν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο τῆς ἡμετέρας ταλαιπωρίας, ὅτι ἐνταῦθα μὲν, ἂν μακρὸς γένηται ὁ λόγος, πάντες ἀκηδιῶμεν: ἐκεῖ δὲ ἐκ μέσης ἡμέρας ἀρχόμενοι, ὑπὸ λαμπάσι καὶ λύχνοις ἀναχωροῦσιν. Ἀλλ' ἵνα μὴ ἀεὶ ἐγκαλῶμεν, παρακαλοῦμεν ὑμᾶς λοιπὸν καὶ δεόμεθα: δότε ταύτην τὴν χάριν καὶ ἡμῖν καὶ ἑαυτοῖς, καὶ πάντων ἀπαλλαγέντες τῶν ἄλλων, τούτοις ἑαυτοὺς προσηλώσωμεν. Κερδανοῦμεν γὰρ καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐξ ὑμῶν τὴν χαρὰν καὶ τὴν εὐφροσύνην, καὶ τὸ σεμνύνεσθαι ἐφ' ὑμῖν, καὶ τὴν ἐπὶ τούτοις λαβεῖν ἀμοιβήν: τὸν δὲ μισθὸν ἅπαντα ὑμεῖς καρπώσεσθε, ὅτι μανικῶς οὕτω προσηλωμένοι τῇ ὀρχήστρᾳ πρὸ τούτου, διὰ τὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ φόβον καὶ τὴν ἡμετέραν παράκλησιν, ἀπεῤῥήξατε τοῦ νοσήματος ἑαυτοὺς ἐκείνου, καὶ τὰ δεσμὰ διελύσατε, καὶ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ἐδράμετε. Οὐκ ἐκεῖ δὲ μόνον λήψεσθε τὸν μισθὸν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐνταῦθα εἰλικρινῆ καρπώσεσθε τὴν ἡδονήν. Τοιοῦτον γὰρ ἡ ἀρετή: μετὰ τῶν ἐκεῖ στεφάνων καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἡδὺν καθίστησιν ἡμῖν τὸν βίον. Πειθώμεθα τοίνυν τοῖς εἰρημένοις, ἵνα καὶ τῶν ἐνταῦθα καὶ τῶν ἐκεῖσε ἐπιτύχωμεν ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἡ δόξα, ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.