Homily III.

1 Thessalonians ii. 9–12

“For ye remember, brethren, our labor and travail: for working night and day, that we might not burden any of you, we preached unto you the Gospel of God. Ye are witnesses, and God also, how holily and righteously and unblamably we behaved ourselves toward you that believe: as ye know how we dealt with each one of you, as a father with his own children, exhorting you, and encouraging you, and testifying, to the end that ye should walk worthily of God, who calleth you into His own kingdom and glory.”

The teacher ought to do nothing with a feeling of being burdened, that tends to the salvation of his disciples. For if the blessed Jacob was buffeted night and day in keeping his flocks, much more ought he, to whom the care of souls is entrusted, to endure all toils, though the work be laborious and mean, looking only to one thing, the salvation of his disciples, and the glory thence arising to God. See then, Paul, a man that was a Preacher, an Apostle of the world, and raised to so great honor, worked with his hands that he might not be burdensome to his disciples.

“For ye remember,” he says, “my brethren, our labor and travail.” He had said previously, “we might have been burdensome as the Apostles of Christ,” as he also says in the Epistle to the Corinthians, “Know ye not that they which minister about sacred things eat of the things of the Temple? Even so also did Christ ordain that they which proclaim the Gospel should live of the Gospel.” (1 Cor. ix. 13, 14.) But I, he says, would not, but I labored; and he did not merely work, but with much diligence. Observe then what he says; “For ye remember,” he has not said, the benefits received from me, but, “our labor and travail: for working night and day, that we might not burden any of you, we preached unto you the Gospel of God.” And to the Corinthians he said a different thing, “I robbed other Churches, taking wages of them that I might minister unto you.” (2 Cor. xi. 8.) And yet even there he worked, but of this he made no mention, but urged what was more striking,31    Or “wounding”; πληκτικώτερον. as if he had said, I was maintained by others when ministering to you. But here it is not so. But what? “Working night and day.” And there indeed he says, “And when I was present with you, and was in want, I was not a burden on any man,” and, “I took wages that I might minister unto you.” (2 Cor. xi. 8, 9.) And here he shows that the men were in poverty, but there it was not so.

On this account he frequently addresses them as witnesses. For “ye are witnesses,” he says, “and God also”; God was worthy to be believed, but this other was that which most fully assured them. For that indeed was uncertain to those who were ignorant of it; but this was without doubt to all. For do not enquire whether it was Paul who said these things. Much beyond what was necessary he gives them assurance. Wherefore he says, “Ye are witnesses, and God also, how holily and righteously and unblamably we behaved ourselves toward you that believe.” It was proper to praise them again. On this account he sets these things before them, which were sufficient to persuade them. For he that stood there in want, and did not receive anything, would much more not receive anything now. “How holily,” says he, “and righteously and unblamably we behaved ourselves toward you that believe.”

“As ye know how we exhorted and comforted each one of you, as a father doth his own children.” Above having spoken of his behavior here he speaks of his love, which was more than what belonged to his rule over them. And what is said marks his freedom from pride. “As a father his own children, exhorting you, and encouraging you, and testifying, to the end that ye should walk worthily of God, who calleth you into His own kingdom and glory.” When he says, “and testifying,” then he makes mention of “fathers”; although we testified, it was not violently, but like fathers. “Each one of you.” Strange! in so great a multitude to omit no one, neither small nor great, neither rich nor poor. “Exhorting” you, he says; to bear. “And comforting and testifying.” “Exhorting,”32    Or “entreating,” and so he takes it below. therefore they did not seek glory; and “testifying,” therefore they did not flatter. “That ye should walk worthily of God, who calleth you into His own kingdom and glory.” Observe again, how, in relating, he both teaches and comforts. For if He hath called them unto His kingdom, if He called them unto glory, they ought to endure all things. We “entreat”33    E.V. “exhorting.” you, not that you should grant us any favor, but that you should gain the kingdom of heaven.

Ver. 13. “And for this cause we also thank God without ceasing, that when ye received from us the word of the message, even the word of God, ye accepted it not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God, which also worketh in you that believe.”

It cannot be said, he says, that we indeed do all things unblamably, but you on the other hand have done things unworthy of our course of life. For in hearing us, you gave such heed as if not hearing men, but as if God Himself were exhorting you. Whence is this manifest? Because as he shows from his own temptations and their testimony, and the way in which he acted, that he did not preach with flattery or vainglory; so from their trials, he shows also that they rightly received the word. For whence, he says, unless ye had heard as if God were speaking, did ye endure such perils? And observe his dignity.

Ver. 14, 15, 16. “For ye, brethren, became imitators of the Churches of God, which are in Judæa in Christ Jesus: for ye also suffered the same things of your own countrymen, even as they did of the Jews; who both killed the Lord Jesus and their own prophets, and drave out us, and please not God, and are contrary to all men; forbidding us to speak to the Gentiles that they may be saved; to fill up their sins alway: but the wrath is come upon them to the uttermost.”

“For ye,” he says, “became imitators of the Churches of God which are in Judæa.” This is a great consolation. It is no wonder, he says, that they should do these things to you, inasmuch as they have done it also to their own countrymen. And this too is no little proof that the Preaching is true, that even Jews were able to endure all things. “For ye also,” he says, “have suffered the same things of your own countrymen, even as they did of the Jews.” There is something more in his saying, “as they also did in Judæa”; it shows that everywhere they rejoiced, as having nobly contended. He says therefore, “that ye also suffered the same things.” And again, what wonder is it, if to you also, when even to the Lord they dared do such things?

Do you see how he introduces this as containing great consolation? And constantly he adverts to it; and upon a close examination one may find it in nearly all his Epistles, how variously,34    Or “especially”; διαφόρως. upon all occasions of temptation, he brings forward Christ. Observe accordingly, that here also, when accusing the Jews, he puts them in mind of the Lord, and of the sufferings of the Lord; so well does he know that this is a matter of the greatest consolation.

“Who both killed the Lord,” he says—but, perhaps, they did not know Him,—assuredly they did know Him. What then? Did they not slay and stone their own prophets, whose books even they carry about with them? And they did not do this for the sake of truth. There is therefore not only a consolation under the temptations, but they are reminded not to think that (the Jews) did it for the truth’s sake, and be troubled on that account. “And drave out us,”35    ἐκδιωξάντων, “drove us out,” see Acts xvii. 5, 14; or “persecuted us to the utmost.” he says. And we also, he says, have suffered numberless evils. “And please not God, and are contrary to all men; forbidding us to speak to the Gentiles, that they may be saved.” “Contrary to all men,” he says. How? Because if we ought to speak to the world, and they forbid us, they are the common enemies of the world. They have slain Christ and the prophets, they insult God, they are the common enemies of the world, they banish us, when coming for their salvation. What wonder if they have done such things also to you, when they have done them even in Judæa? “Forbidding us to speak to the Gentiles, that they might be saved.” It is a mark of envy therefore to hinder the salvation of all. “To fill up their sins alway. But the wrath is come upon them to the uttermost.” What is “to the uttermost”? These things are no longer like the former. There is here no return back, no limit. But the wrath is nigh at hand. Whence is this manifest? From that which Christ foretold. For not only is it a consolation to have partakers in our afflictions, but to hear also that our persecutors are to be punished. And if the delay is a grievance, let it be a consolation that they will never lift up their heads again; or rather he hath cut short the delay, by saying, “THE wrath,” showing that it was long ago due, and predetermined, and predicted.

Ver. 17. “But we, being taken from you36    ἀπορφανισθέντες, “bereaved,” “made orphans.” for a short time in presence, not in heart, endeavored the more abundantly to see your face with great desire.”

He has not said “separated,” but what was much more.37    [This last clause is interpolated by some documents, but may be retained because it makes the meaning clearer to the English reader.—J.A.B.] He had spoken above of flattery, showing that he did not flatter, that he did not seek glory. He speaks here concerning love. Because he had said above, “as a father his children,” “as a nurse,” here he uses another expression, “being made orphans,” which is said of children who have lost their fathers. And yet they38    The Thessalonians. were made orphans. “No”—he says—“but we. For if any one should examine our longing, even as little children without a protector, having sustained an untimely bereavement, long for their parents, not only from the feelings of nature itself, but also on account of their deserted state, so truly do we too feel.” From this also he shows his own despondency on account of their separation. And this we cannot say, he says, that we have waited a long period, but “for a short time,” and that “in presence, not in heart.” For we always have you in our mind. See how great is his love! Although having them always in his heart, he sought also their presence face to face. Tell me not of your superlative39    Gr. superfluous. He means such as would make friendship quite independent of such helps. philosophy! This is truly fervent love; both to see, and to hear, and speak; and this may be of much advantage. “We endeavored the more exceedingly.” What is “more exceedingly”? He either means to say, “we are vehemently attached to you,” or, “as was likely, being bereaved for a season, we endeavored to see your face.” Observe the blessed Paul. When of himself he cannot satisfy his longing, he does it through others, as when he sends Timothy to the Philippians, and the same person again to the Corinthians, holding intercourse with them through others, when he cannot of himself. For in loving them, he was like some mad person, not to be restrained, nor to command himself in his affection.

Ver. 18. “Wherefore we would fain have come unto you.”

Which is the part of love; yet here he mentions no other necessity but “that we might see you.” “I Paul once and again, and Satan hindered us.”

What sayest thou? does Satan hinder? Yes, truly, for this was not the work of God. For in the Epistle to the Romans, he says this, that God hindered him (from Rom. xv. 22.); and elsewhere Luke says, that “the Spirit” hindered them from going into Asia. (Acts xvi. 7.) And in the Epistle to the Corinthians he says, that it is the work of the Spirit, but here only of Satan. But what hindrance of Satan is he speaking of? Some unexpected and violent temptations:40    [We are not told how Satan hindered, though we have distinctly brought before us the personal devil as acting. It is not necessary to confine his agency to temptation to sin; he may have hindered by the continuance of that spirit of persecution which he prompted at Thessalonica. Acts xvii. 5.—J.A.B.] for a plot, it says, being formed against him by the Jews, he was detained three months in Greece. But it is another thing to remain for the sake of the dispensation, and willingly. For there he says, “Wherefore having no more place in these parts” (Rom. xv. 23.), and, “To spare you I forbare to come unto Corinth.” (2 Cor. i. 23.) But here nothing of this sort. But what? That “Satan hindered” him. “Even I Paul,” he says, “both once and again.” Observe, how ambitious he is, and what a display he makes, in his willingness to show that he loved them most of all. “I Paul,” he says, instead of Although no others. For they indeed were only willing, but I even attempted it.

Ver. 19. “For what is our hope, or joy, or crown of glorying? Are not even ye before our Lord Jesus at His coming?”

Are the Macedonians, tell me, thy hope, O blessed Paul? Not these alone, he says. Therefore he has added, “Are not ye also?” For “what,” he says, “is our hope, or joy, or crown of glorying”? Observe then the words, which are those of women, inflamed with tenderness, talking to their little children. “And crown of glorying,” he says. For the name of “crown” was not sufficient to express the splendor, but also “of glorying.” Of what fiery warmth is this! Never could either mother, or father, yea if they even met together, and commingled their love, have shown their own affection to be equivalent to that of Paul. “My joy and crown,” he says, that is, I rejoice in you more than in a crown. For consider how great a thing it is, that an entire Church should be present, planted and rooted by Paul. Who would not rejoice in such a multitude of children, and in the goodness of those children? So that this also is not flattery. For he has not said “ye,” but “ye also”41    [καὶ ὑμεῖς signifies “ye also,” or “even ye,” according to the connection. Ellicott thinks Chrys. here displays his “accurate observation of language,”—“ye, as well as my other converts.”—J.A.B.] together with the others.

Ver. 20. “For ye are our glory and our joy.”

Chap. iii. 1, 2. “Wherefore, when we could no longer forbear, we thought it good to be left behind at Athens alone.” Instead of saying, “we chose.” “And sent Timothy, our brother and God’s minister and our fellow-worker in the Gospel of Christ.”

And this he says, not as extolling Timothy, but honoring them, that he sent them the fellow-worker, and minister of the Gospel. As if he had said, Having withdrawn him from his labors we have sent to you the minister of God, and our fellow-laborer in the Gospel of Christ.

“To establish you, and to comfort you concerning your faith.”

Ver. 3. “That no man be moved by these afflictions.”

What then does he say here? Because the temptations of the teachers trouble their disciples, and he had then fallen into many temptations, as also he himself says, that “Satan hindered us,” always saying this; “both once,” he says, “and again I would have come to you,” and was not able, which was a proof of great violence. And it was reasonable that this should trouble them, for they are not so much troubled at their own temptations, as at those of their teachers; as neither is the soldier so much troubled at his own trials,42    [The Greek word is equivalent to both “temptations” and “trials.” “Temptations” formerly had a like breadth of meaning, but has been restricted to the bad sense.—J.A.B.] as when he sees his general wounded. “To establish you,” he says; not that they were at all deficient in faith, nor that they required to learn anything.

“And to comfort you concerning your faith; that no man be moved by these afflictions; for yourselves know that hereunto we are appointed.”

Ver. 4. “For verily, when we were with you, we told you beforehand that we are to suffer affliction; even as it came to pass, and ye know.”

Ye ought not, he says, to be troubled, for nothing strange, nothing contrary to expectation is happening; which was sufficient to raise them up. For do you see that on this account also Christ foretold to His disciples? For hear Him saying, “Now I have told you before it came to pass, that when it is come to pass ye may believe.” (John xiv. 29.) For greatly indeed, greatly does it tend to the comfort of others, to have heard from their teachers what is to happen. For as he that is sick, if he hear from his physician that this or that is taking place, is not much troubled; but if anything happen unexpectedly, as if he too were at a loss, and the disorder was beyond his art, he is afflicted and troubled; so also is it here. Which Paul foreknowing, foretold to them, “we are about to be afflicted,” “as it came to pass, and ye know.” He not only says that this came to pass, but that he foretold many things, and they happened. “Hereunto we are appointed.” So that not only ye ought not to be troubled and disturbed about the past, but not even about the future, if any such thing should happen, “for hereunto we are appointed.”

Moral. Let us hear, who have ears to hear. The Christian is appointed hereunto. For concerning all the faithful is this said, “Hereunto we are appointed.” And we, as if we were appointed43    κείμενοι. He alludes to the sense “laid,” as if it were “laid down to repose.” for ease, think it strange if we suffer anything; and yet what reason have we for thinking anything strange? For no season of affliction or temptation has overtaken us, but what is common to man. It is a fit season for us to say to you, “Ye have not yet resisted unto blood, striving against sin” (Heb. xii. 4.). Or rather, this is not seasonable for us to say to you—but what? Ye have not yet despised riches. For to them indeed these words were said with reason, when they had lost all their own possessions,44    See Heb. x. 34. but this is said to those who retain theirs. Who has been robbed of his riches for Christ’s sake? Who has been beaten? Who has been insulted? even in words, I mean. What have you to boast of? What confidence have you to say anything? So many things Christ suffered for us when we were enemies. What can we show that we have suffered for Him? Nothing that we have suffered indeed, but infinite good things that we have received from Him. Whence shall we have confidence in that Day? Know ye not, that the soldier too, when he can show numberless wounds and scars, will then be able to shine in the presence of the king? But if he has no good action to show, though he may have done no harm, he will take rank among the least.

But, you say, it is not the season of war. But if it was, tell me, who would contend? Who would attack? Who would break through45    διέξωσε, “push through”; thus we read of ὠθισμὸς, Angl. “shoving” in hard-fought battles. the phalanx? Perhaps no one. For when I see that you do not despise riches for the sake of Christ, how shall I believe that you will despise blows? Tell me, do you bear manfully those who insult you, and do you bless them? You do not—but you disobey. What is attended with no danger, you do not; and will you endure blows, in which there is much pain and suffering? Know ye not that it is proper in peace to keep up the exercises of war?46    In pace, ut sapiens, aptârit idonea bello.—Hor. Do you not see these47    i.e. earthly. soldiers, who though no war disturbs them, but it is profound peace, brightening up their arms, and going forth with the teachers who teach them tactics, into the broad and level plains, I may say, every day, keep up with the greatest strictness the exercises of war? Of our spiritual soldiers, who has done this? No one. For this reason we become in war weak and ignoble, and easily led captive by any.

But what stupidity is this, not to think the present a season of war, when Paul is crying out, “Yea, and all that would live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution” (2 Tim. iii. 12.); and Christ says, “In the world ye shall have tribulation.” (John xvi. 33.) And again the blessed Paul with a loud voice cries out, saying, “Our wrestling is not against flesh and blood,” and again, “Stand therefore, having girded your loins with truth.” (Eph. vi. 12 and 14.) Why dost thou arm us, tell me, when it is not war? Why dost thou give us trouble to no purpose? Thou puttest breastplates on the soldiers, when it is allowed them to rest and revive. But he would have said, Certainly, however, though it were not war, it would be right to attend to the concerns of war. For he who in peace considers the business of battle, will be formidable in the season of battle; but he who is without experience in the things of war, will be more troubled even in peace. Why so? Because he will weep for the things which he possesses, and not being able to fight for them, will be in anguish. For the possessions of the cowardly and inexperienced and ignoble in war, are the property of all who are brave and warlike. So that on this account first I arm you. But then also the whole time of our life is the season of war. How and in what respect? The devil is ever at hand. Hear what it says, “As a roaring lion, he walketh about, seeking whom he may devour.” (1 Pet. v. 8.) Numberless bodily affections assail us, which it is necessary to enumerate, that we may not vainly deceive ourselves. For tell me, what does not war against us? Riches, beauty, pleasure, power, authority, envy, glory, pride? For not only does our own glory war against us, forbidding us to descend to humility; but the glory of others also, leading us to envy and ill-nature. But what do their opposites, poverty, dishonor, the being despised, rejected, the having no power? These things indeed are in us. But from men proceed wickedness, plots, deceits, slanders, assaults innumerable. In like manner on the part of the demons, “principalities, powers, the world-rulers of this darkness, spiritual hosts of wickedness.” Some of us are rejoicing, others grieving, both are deviations from the right course. But health and sickness (war against us). From what quarter will not man be falling into sin? Would you that I should tell you from the beginning, commencing even immediately from Adam? What took captive the first created? Pleasure, and eating, and the love of dominion. What the son who came next after him? Grudging and envy. What those in the time of Noah? Fleshly pleasures, and the evils issuing from them. What his son? Insolence and irreverence. What the Sodomites? Insolence, wantonness; and fullness of bread. But often even poverty has this effect. On this account a certain wise man said, “Give me neither poverty nor riches.” (Prov. xxx. 8.) However it is neither poverty nor riches, but the will that cannot use either of them. “Acknowledge,” he says, “that thou passest through the midst of snares.” (Ecclus. ix. 13.)

The blessed Paul has admirably said, “Hereunto we are appointed.” He has not said merely, that we are tempted, but that “hereunto we are appointed,” as if he had said, For this were we born. This is our business, this our life, and dost thou seek rest? The executioner does not stand over us, lacerating our sides, and compelling us to sacrifice; but the desire of riches, and of possessing more, is instant, tearing out our eyes. No soldier has kindled a pile, nor placed us on a gridiron,48    ἐπὶ κρατίκλης. From the Latin “Craticula.” Such was the “Catasta” in the martyrdom of St. Laurence. Prud. Peristeph. H. ii. 399. An iron seat is mentioned as thus used at Vienne. Euseb. v. 1. but more than this, the flames of the flesh set fire on our souls. No king is present promising numberless bounties, and putting us out of countenance. But there is present a rage for glory, tickling us worse than he. A great war, truly, exceedingly great, if we would watch.

And the present season too has its crowns. Hear Paul saying, “Henceforth there is laid up for me the crown of righteousness, which the righteous Judge shall give me…and not only to me, but also to all them that have loved His appearing.” (2 Tim. iv. 8.) When thou hast lost a beloved and only son, whom thou wert bringing up in much wealth, displaying good hopes, himself being the only one to succeed to thine inheritance; do not complain, but give thanks to God, and glorify Him who has taken him, and in this respect thou wilt not be worse than Abraham. For as he gave him to God, when he commanded it, so thou hast not complained, when He has taken him. Hast thou fallen into a severe sickness, and do many come, constraining thee, some with charms, some with amulets, and others with other things, to remedy the evil? and hast thou borne it firmly and unflinchingly from the fear of God, and wouldst thou have chosen to suffer all things rather than submit to do any of those idolatrous practices? This brings to thee the crown of martyrdom. Doubt it not. And how and by what means, I will tell thee. For as such an one bears firmly the pains of torture, so as not to worship the image, so thou also bearest the sufferings of thy disease, so as to want nothing of those remedies which the other offers, nor to do the things which he prescribes. “But those pains are more violent”—yes, but these are of longer duration, so that it is the same in the end; nay often these are more violent too. For tell me, when fever is raging and burning within, and thou rejectest the charm that others recommend to thee, hast thou not bound on thee the crown of martyrdom?

Again, has any one lost money? many advise thee to have recourse to diviners; but thou, from fear of God, because it is forbidden, choosest rather not to receive thy money than to disobey God—thou hast a reward equal to him who has given it to the poor, if having lost, thou givest thanks, and when able to have recourse to diviners, thou bearest not to receive, rather than so to receive it. For as he from the fear of God has given all to the needy, so thou also from fear of God, when they have plundered thee, hast not recovered it.

We are the masters of injuring or not injuring ourselves. And if you will, let us make the whole matter plain in the case of theft itself. The thief has cut through the wall, he has rushed into the chamber, he has carried off costly golden vessels, and precious stones, in short, he has cleared thy whole treasure, and has not been taken. The fact is grievous, and it seems to be a loss; still as yet it is not so but it depends on thee to make it either a loss or a gain. And how, sayest thou, can this be a gain? I will endeavor to show thee how, if thou art willing, it will be a great gain, but if unwilling, the loss will be severer than that which has taken place. For as in the case of artificers, when material is before them, he who is skilled in his art uses it to good purpose, but he that is unskillful spoils it, and makes it a loss to him, so also in these matters. How then will it be a gain? If thou givest thanks to God, if thou dost not wail bitterly, if thou utterest the words of Job, “The Lord gave and the Lord hath taken away. Naked came I out of my mother’s womb, naked shall I also go away.” (Job i. 21, Sept.)

“What?” sayest thou, “the Lord hath taken away? The thief hath taken away, and how canst thou say, the Lord hath taken away?” Wonder not, for even Job, of things which the devil took away, said, These the Lord hath taken away? And shalt not thou say of what the thief took, The Lord hath taken away? Tell me, whom dost thou admire? him who has bestowed all his goods upon the poor, or Job for these words? Is he, who did not then give, inferior to him, who has given alms? For say not, “I feel no thankfulness. The matter was not done with my consent, or knowledge, or will. The robber took it. What will be my reward?” Neither did these things happen with Job’s knowledge or will. For how could it be? Nevertheless, he wrestled.49    i.e., with the temptation. See on Stat. Hom. i.

And it is in thy power to receive as great a reward, as if thou hadst cast it away willingly. And perhaps we admire this man more, who thankfully suffers wrongs, than him who gives spontaneously. And why? Because the latter indeed is fed with praises, and supported by conscience, and has good hopes; and having before50    i.e. in preparation. borne manfully the privation of his goods, he then cast them away; but the former, whilst yet bound to them, was forcibly deprived of them. And it is not the same thing, having first been induced to part with riches, in that way to bestow them, as it is while yet longing to be deprived of them. If thou wilt say these words, thou wilt receive many times as much, and even more than Job. For he received twice as much here, but to thee Christ has promised a hundred fold. From the fear of God, thou hast not blasphemed? thou hast not had recourse to diviners? suffering wrong, thou hast been thankful? Thou art like one who despises wealth, for thou couldest not do this, hadst thou not first despised it. And it is not the same thing in a long time to practice the contempt of riches, and all at once to bear a loss that has happened. Thus the loss becomes gain, and thou wilt not be injured, but even benefited by the devil.

But how does the loss also become grievous? When thou losest thy soul! Tell me, the thief has deprived thee of thy possessions: wilt thou deprive thyself of salvation? Wherefore, grieving at the evils which thou hast suffered from others, dost thou plunge thyself into more evils? He perhaps has involved thee in poverty: but thou perversely injurest thyself in things that are fatal. He hath deprived thee of things that are without thee, and that hereafter would spring away from thee even against thy will. But thou deprivest thyself of the eternal riches. The devil hath grieved thee by taking away thy wealth; do thou also grieve him, and do not delight him. If thou hast recourse to diviners, thou delightest him. If thou renderest thanks to God, thou givest him his death-blow.

And see what happens. Thou wilt not still find it, if thou goest to the diviners, for it is not in their power to know; and even if by any chance they have told thee, thou both losest thy own soul besides, and thou wilt be derided by thy brethren, and again wilt lose it wretchedly. For the demon, knowing that thou canst not bear thy loss, but for the sake of these things deniest even thy God, again gives thee wealth, that he may have an opportunity of deceiving thee again, and making thee fall away. And if the diviners should tell thee, wonder not. The demon is without body: he is everywhere going about. It is he who arms the robbers themselves. For these things do not take place without the demon. If therefore he arms them, he knows also where it is deposited. He is not ignorant of his own ministers. And this is not wonderful. If he sees thee grieving at the loss, he adds yet another to it. If he sees thee laughing at it, and despising it, he will desist from this course. For as we deal to our enemies those things by which we grieve them, but if we see that they do not grieve, we henceforth desist, as being unable to plague them; so does the devil also.

What sayest thou? Dost thou not see those who sail on the sea, how, when a storm arises, they regard not their wealth, but even throw overboard their substance? “O man, what dost thou say? Art thou coöperating with the storm and the shipwreck? Before the wave has taken away thy wealth, dost thou do it with thine own hands? Why, before the shipwreck, dost thou wreck thyself?” But indeed a rustic inexperienced in the trials of the sea might say this. But the naval man, and one who truly knows what are the causes of calm, and what of storm, will even laugh at him who talks thus. For I throw it overboard, he says, that there may be no whelming sea.51    Calm, storm, &c., seem to be used here in a relative sense; what is a storm to a deep-laden vessel being less to a light one. So he who is experienced in the events and trials of life, when he sees the storm impending, and the spirits of evil wishing to cause shipwreck, throws overboard even the remainder of his wealth. Hast thou been plundered? Do alms, and thou lightenest the ship. Have robbers ravaged thee? Give what remains to Christ. So thou wilt console thy poverty from thy former loss. Lighten the ship, do not hold fast what remains, lest the vessel fill with water. They, to preserve their bodies, throw their goods overboard, and wait not for the assailing wave to overturn the vessel. And wilt thou not stay the shipwreck, that thou mayest save souls?

Make the trial, I beseech you—if you disbelieve, make the trial, and you will see the glory of God. When anything grievous has happened, immediately give alms; render thanks that it has happened, and thou wilt see how much joy will come upon thee. For spiritual gain, though it be small, is so great as to throw into the shade all bodily loss. As long as thou hast to give to Christ, thou art rich. Tell me, if when thou wast robbed, the king coming to thee held out his hand, begging to receive something from thee, wouldest thou not then think thyself richer than all, if the king not even after so great poverty was ashamed of thee? Be not carried away with thy wealth, only overcome thyself, and thou wilt overcome the assault of the devil. It is in thy power to acquire great gain.

Let us despise wealth, that we may not despise the soul. But how can any one despise it? Dost thou not see in the case of beautiful bodies, and the lovers of them, how as long as they are in their sight the fire is kindled, the flame rises bright; but when any one has removed them afar off, all is extinguished, all is lulled to sleep; so also in the case of wealth, let no one provide gold, nor precious stones, nor necklaces; when seen, they ensnare the eyes. But if thou wouldest be rich like the ancients, be rich not in gold, but in necessary things, that thou mayest bestow on others from that which thou hast ready. Be not fond of ornament. Such wealth is both easy to be plotted against by robbers, and a thing that brings us cares. Not vessels of gold and silver, but let there be stores of bread and wine and oil, not that being sold again they may procure money, but that they may be supplied to those who need. If we withdraw ourselves from those superfluities, we shall obtain the heavenly goods; which God grant that we may all obtain, in Jesus Christ our Lord, with whom, &c.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Γʹ. Μνημονεύετε γὰρ, ἀδελφοὶ, τὸν κόπον ἡμῶν καὶ τὸν μόχθον: νυκτὸς γὰρ καὶ ἡμέρας ἐργαζό μενοι πρὸς τὸ μὴ ἐπιβαρῆσαί τινα ὑμῶν, ἐκη ρύξαμεν εἰς ὑμᾶς τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ὑμεῖς μάρτυρες καὶ ὁ Θεὸς, ὡς ὁσίως καὶ ἀμέμπτως καὶ δικαίως ὑμῖν τοῖς πιστεύουσιν ἐγενήθημεν, καθάπερ οἴδατε, ὡς ἕνα ἕκαστον ὑμῶν, ὡς πατὴρ τέκνα ἑαυτοῦ, παρακαλοῦντες ὑμᾶς καὶ παραμυθούμενοι, καὶ μαρτυρόμενοι εἰς τὸ περιπατῆσαι ὑμᾶς ἀξίως τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ καλέσαντος ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ βασιλείαν καὶ δόξαν. αʹ. Τὸν διδάσκαλον οὐδὲν ἐπαχθὲς χρὴ λογίζεσθαι τῶν εἰς σωτηρίαν τῶν μαθητῶν συντεινόντων. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ μακάριος Ἰακὼβ νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας κατεκόπτετο εἰς τὴν τῶν ποιμνίων φυλακὴν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τὸν τὰς ψυχὰς ἐμπεπιστευμένον, κἂν ἐπίμοχθον ἔργον ᾖ, κἂν εὐτελὲς, πάντα δεῖ ποιεῖν, πρὸς ἓν ὁρῶντα μόνον, τὴν σωτηρίαν τῶν μαθητευομένων, καὶ τὴν ἐκεῖθεν δόξαν γινομένην τῷ Θεῷ. Ὅρα γοῦν πῶς καὶ ὁ Παῦλος κῆρυξ καὶ ἀπόστολος ὢν τῆς οἰκουμένης, καὶ τοιαύτην τιμὴν ἐπανῃρημένος, εἰργάζετο ταῖς χερσὶ πρὸς τὸ μὴ ἐπιβαρῆσαι τοὺς μαθητευομένους. Μνημονεύετε γὰρ, φησὶν, ἀδελφοὶ, τὸν κόπον ἡμῶν καὶ τὸν μόχθον. Εἶπε προλαβὼν, ὅτι Δυνάμενοι ἐν βάρει εἶναι, ὡς Χριστοῦ ἀπόστολοι: ὅπερ καὶ ἐν τῇ πρὸς Κορινθίους φησίν: Οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι οἱ τὰ ἱερὰ ἐργαζόμενοι, ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ ἐσθίουσιν; Οὕτω καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς διέταξε τοὺς τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον καταγγέλλοντας ἐκ τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου ζῇν. Ἀλλ' ἐγὼ, φησὶν, οὐκ ἠθέλησα, ἀλλ' ἐκοπίων. Καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἰργάζετο, ἀλλὰ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς σπουδῆς. Καὶ ὅρα τί φησι: Μνημονεύετε γάρ: οὐκ εἶπε, τὰς εὐεργεσίας τὰς παρ' ἐμοῦ, ἀλλὰ, Τὸν κόπον ἡμῶν καὶ τὸν μόχθον. Νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας ἐργαζόμενοι πρὸς τὸ μὴ ἐπιβαρῆσαί τινα ὑμῶν οὕτως ἐκηρύξαμεν εἰς ὑμᾶς τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Θεοῦ. Κορινθίοις δὲ ἕτερόν φησιν: Ἄλλας Ἐκκλησίας ἐσύλησα, λαβὼν ὀψώνιόν τι εἰς ὑμῶν διακονίαν. Καίτοι καὶ ἐκεῖ εἰργάζετο: ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀνέμνησε τούτου, ἀλλ' ἕτερον ἔθηκε πληκτικώτερον: ὡς ἂν εἰ ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Παρ' ἑτέρων ἐτράφην ὑμῖν ὑπηρετῶν. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλὰ τί; Νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας ἐργαζόμενοι. Καὶ ἐκεῖ μέν φησι: Καὶ παρὼν πρὸς ὑμᾶς καὶ ὑστερηθεὶς, οὐ κατενάρκησα οὐδενὸς, καὶ, Ἔλαβον ὀψώνιον πρὸς τὴν ὑμῶν διακονίαν: ἐνταῦθα δὲ δείκνυσιν ἐν πενίᾳ ὄντας τοὺς ἄνδρας: ἐκεῖ δὲ οὐχ οὕτω. Διὰ τοῦτο συνεχῶς αὐτοὺς παραφέρει μάρτυρας: Ὑμεῖς γὰρ, φησὶ, μάρτυρες, καὶ ὁ Θεός: ἀξιόπιστον ποιῶν τὸν λόγον, κἀκεῖνο τιθεὶς, ὃ αὐτοὺς μάλιστα ἐπληροφόρει: ἐκεῖνο μὲν γὰρ ἄδηλον τοῖς ἀγνοοῦσι, τοῦτο δὲ πᾶσι λοιπὸν ἀναμφίβολον. Καὶ μὴ θαυμάσῃς: οὐδὲ γὰρ ἔβλεπεν, ὅτι Παῦλος ἦν ὁ ταῦτα λέγων, ἀλλ' ἐκ πολλοῦ τοῦ περιόντος βούλεται αὐτοὺς πληροφορεῖν. Διὰ τοῦτό φησιν: Ὑμεῖς μάρτυρες καὶ ὁ Θεὸς, ὡς ὁσίως καὶ δικαίως καὶ ἀμέμπτως ὑμῖν τοῖς πιστεύουσιν ἐγενήθημεν. Ἔδει αὐτοὺς πάλιν ἐπαινεῖν: διὰ τοῦτο ταῦτα προτίθησιν, ἃ ἦν ἱκανὰ αὐτοὺς πεῖσαι. Συλλογίζεται γὰρ, ὅτι ὁ ἐν χρείᾳ ἐκεῖ καταστὰς καὶ μὴ λαβὼν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον νῦν. Ὡς ὁσίως καὶ δικαίως καὶ ἀμέμπτως ἡμῖν τοῖς πιστεύουσιν ἐγενήθημεν, καθάπερ οἴδατε, ὡς ἕνα ἕκαστον ὑμῶν, ὡς πατὴρ τέκνα ἑαυτοῦ, παρακαλοῦντες ὑμᾶς, καὶ παραμυθούμενοι. Ἀνωτέρω τὸ τῆς ἀναστροφῆς εἰπῶν, ἐνταῦθα τὸ τῆς ἀγάπης φησίν: ὃ καὶ μᾶλλον ἦν ἢ τῆς προστασίας. Καὶ τοῦ ἀτύφου τὸ εἰρημένον. Ὡς πατὴρ τέκνα ἑαυτοῦ, παρακαλοῦντες ὑμᾶς καὶ παραμυθούμενοι καὶ μαρτυρόμενοι εἰς τὸ περιπατῆσαι ὑμᾶς ἀξίως τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ καλοῦντος ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ βασιλείαν καὶ δόξαν. Ὅτε εἶπε, Καὶ διαμαρτυρόμενοι, τότε πατέρων μέμνηται, δεικνὺς ὅτι Εἰ καὶ διεμαρτυρόμεθα, ἀλλὰ τοῦτο οὐ σφοδρῶς, ἀλλ' ὡς πατέρες. Ἕνα ἕκαστον ὑμῶν. Βαβαὶ! ἐν τοσούτῳ πλήθει μηδένα παραλιπεῖν, μὴ μικρὸν, μὴ μέγαν, μὴ πλούσιον, μὴ πένητα. Παρακαλοῦντες, πρὸς τί εἶπε; Πρὸς τὸ φέρειν πάντα. Καὶ παραμυθούμενοι καὶ διαμαρτυρόμενοι. Παρακαλοῦντες: οὐκ ἄρα δόξαν ἐζήτουν: Καὶ διαμαρτυρόμενοι: οὐκ ἄρα ἐκολάκευον. Εἰς τὸ περιπατῆσαι ὑμᾶς ἀξίως τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ καλοῦντος ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν αὑτοῦ βασιλείαν καὶ δόξαν. Ὅρα πάλιν πῶς διηγούμενος, καὶ διδάσκει καὶ παραμυθεῖται: εἰ γὰρ εἰς βασιλείαν ἐκάλεσε, πάντα δεῖ φέρειν. Παρακαλοῦμεν, οὐχ ἵνα ἡμῖν χαρίσησθέ τι, ἀλλ' ἵν' ἐπιτύχητε τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἡμεῖς εὐχαριστοῦμεν τῷ Θεῷ ἀδιαλείπτως, ὅτι παραλαβόντες λόγον ἀκοῆς παρ' ἡμῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐδέξασθε οὐ λόγον ἀνθρώπων, ἀλλὰ, καθώς ἐστιν ἀληθῶς, λόγον Θεοῦ, ὃς καὶ ἐνεργεῖται ἐν ὑμῖν τοῖς πιστεύουσιν. Οὐκ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, φησὶν, ὅτι ἡμεῖς μὲν πάντα ἀμέμπτως πράττομεν, ὑμεῖς δὲ ἀνάξια τῆς ἡμετέρας ἀναστροφῆς ἐποιήσατε: οὐ γὰρ ὡς ἀνθρώπων ἀκούοντες, διέκεισθε ἡμῶν ἀκούοντες, ἀλλ' ὡς αὐτοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ παραινοῦντος, οὕτω προσείχετε. Πόθεν δῆλον; Ὥσπερ γὰρ τὸ μὴ ἐν κολακείᾳ μηδὲ ἐν κενοδοξίᾳ κηρῦξαι ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκείων πειρασμῶν δείκνυσι, καὶ τῆς ἐκείνων μαρτυρίας, καὶ ὧν ἔπραττεν: οὕτω καὶ τὸ ἐκείνους ὀρθῶς δέξασθαι τὸν λόγον, ἀπὸ τῶν πειρασμῶν. Πόθεν γὰρ, φησὶν, εἰ μὴ ὡς τοῦ Θεοῦ λέγοντος ἠκούετε, τοιούτους ἐφέρετε κινδύνους; Καὶ ὅρα τὸ ἀξίωμα: Ὑμεῖς γὰρ, φησὶ, μιμηταὶ ἐγενήθητε, ἀδελφοὶ, τῶν Ἐκκλησιῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ τῶν οὐσῶν ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ, ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ὅτι τὰ αὐτὰ ἐπάθετε καὶ ὑμεῖς ὑπὸ τῶν ἰδίων συμφυλετῶν, καθὼς καὶ αὐτοὶ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων, τῶν καὶ τὸν Κύριον ἀποκτεινάντων Ἰησοῦν καὶ τοὺς ἰδίους προφήτας, καὶ ἡμᾶς ἐκδιωξάντων, καὶ Θεῷ μὴ ἀρεσκόντων, καὶ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ἐναντίων: κωλυόντων ἡμᾶς τοῖς ἔθνεσι λαλῆσαι ἵνα σωθῶσιν, εἰς τὸ ἀναπληρῶσαι αὐτῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας πάντοτε. Ἔφθασε δὲ ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἡ ὀργὴ εἰς τέλος. βʹ. Ὑμεῖς, φησὶ, μιμηταὶ ἐγενήθητε τῶν Ἐκκλησιῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ τῶν οὐσῶν ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ. Πολλὴ ἡ παραμυθία. Οὐδὲν, φησὶν, θαυμαστὸν εἰς ὑμᾶς ταῦτα πράττειν αὐτοὺς, ὅπου γε καὶ εἰς τοὺς συμφυλέτας αὐτῶν. Καὶ τοῦτο δὲ τοῦ τὸ κήρυγμα εἶναι ἀληθὲς οὐ μικρὸν τεκμήριον, ὅπου γε καὶ Ἰουδαῖοι πάντα ἠνέσχοντο ὑπομεῖναι. Ὅτι καὶ ὑμεῖς τὰ αὐτὰ, φησὶν, ἐπάθετε ὑπὸ τῶν ἰδίων συμφυλετῶν, καθάπερ κἀκεῖνοι ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων. Ἔχει τι πλέον τῷ εἰπεῖν, κἀκεῖνοι ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ: δείκνυσι γὰρ ὅτι ἥδοντο πανταχοῦ, ὡς ἀθλήσαντες. Λέγει οὖν, ὅτι Καὶ ὑμεῖς τὰ αὐτὰ ἐπάθετε. Καὶ τί θαυμαστὸν πάλιν, εἰ καὶ εἰς ὑμᾶς, ὅπου γε καὶ εἰς τὸν Δεσπότην τὰ αὐτὰ ἐτόλμων; Ὁρᾷς, πῶς αὐτὸ εἰσήγαγε μεγάλην ἔχον τὴν παραμυθίαν; Καὶ συνεχῶς τοῦτο στρέφει, καὶ ἐν πάσαις σχεδὸν εὕροι τις ἂν αὐτὸ ταῖς ἐπιστολαῖς ἀκριβῶς ἐξετάζων, πῶς ἐν τοῖς πειρασμοῖς ἀεὶ τὸν Χριστὸν παραφέρει διαφόρως. Ὅρα γοῦν: καὶ ἐνταῦθα κατηγορῶν τῶν Ἰουδαίων, εἰς ἀνάμνησιν αὐτοὺς φέρει τοῦ Δεσπότου, καὶ τῶν τοῦ Δεσπότου παθημάτων: οὕτως οἶδε μεγίστην παραμυθίαν ἔχον τὸ πρᾶγμα. Τῶν καὶ τὸν Κύριον ἀποκτεινάντων, φησίν. Ἀλλ' ἠγνόησαν αὐτὸν ἴσως. Μάλιστα μὲν οὖν ᾔδεσαν. Τί δαί; οὐχὶ καὶ τοὺς ἰδίους προφήτας ἀπέκτειναν καὶ ἐλιθοβόλησαν, ὧν καὶ τὰ τεύχη περιφέρουσι; Καὶ μὴν ταῦτα οὐκ ἀληθείας ἕνεκεν διεπράξαντο. Οὐκ ἄρα παραμυθία μόνον ἐστὶν ἐπὶ τοῖς πειρασμοῖς. ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπόμνησις τοῦ μὴ νομίζειν ὅτι δι' ἀλήθειαν ταῦτα ποιοῦσι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο θορυβεῖσθαι. Καὶ ἡμᾶς, φησὶν, ἐκδιωξάντων. Καὶ ἡμεῖς, φησὶ, μυρία δεινὰ πεπόνθαμεν. Καὶ Θεῷ μὴ ἀρεσκόντων, καὶ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ἐναντίων, κωλυόντων ἡμᾶς τοῖς ἔθνεσι λαλῆσαι ἵνα σωθῶσι. Πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις, φησὶν, ἐναντίων. Πῶς; Εἰ γὰρ τῇ οἰκουμένῃ δεῖ λαλῆσαι, οὗτοι δὲ κωλύουσι, κοινοὶ τῆς οἰκουμένης εἰσὶν ἐχθροί. Τὸν Χριστὸν ἐφόνευσαν, τοὺς προφήτας, τὸν Θεὸν ὑβρίζουσι, κοινοὶ τῆς οἰκουμένης εἰσὶν ἐχθροὶ, ἡμᾶς ἐλαύνουσι τοὺς ἐπὶ σωτηρίᾳ παραγενομένους: τί θαυμαστὸν, εἰ καὶ εἰς ὑμᾶς τοιαῦτα ἐπεδείξαντο, ὅπου γε καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ; Κωλυόντων ἡμᾶς, φησὶ, τοῖς ἔθνεσι λαλῆσαι ἵνα σωθῶσι. Βασκανίας ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ τὴν τῶν πάντων ἐμποδίζειν σωτηρίαν. Εἰς τὸ ἀναπληρῶσαι αὐτῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας πάντοτε. Ἔφθασε δὲ ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἡ ὀργὴ εἰς τέλος. Οὐκέτι ταῦτα ἔσται οἷα τὰ πρότερα, οὐκέτι ἐπάνοδος, οὐκέτι πέρας: ἀλλ' ἐγγὺς ἐφέστηκεν ἡ ὀργή. Πόθεν δῆλον; Ἀπὸ τούτου, ἀφ' οὗ προεῖπεν ὁ Χριστός. Οὐ γὰρ τοῦτο μόνον ἔχει παραμυθίαν τὸ κοινωνοὺς τῶν θλίψεων λαβεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ τοὺς θλίβοντας ἀκοῦσαι τιμωρουμένους. Εἰ δὲ ἡ ἀναβολὴ λυπεῖ, παραμυθείσθω τὸ μηκέτι ἀνανεύειν αὐτούς. Μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ τὴν ἀναβολὴν συνέστειλε τῷ εἰπεῖν, Ἡ ὀργὴ, δεικνὺς πάλιν ὀφειλομένην καὶ προωρισμένην, καὶ προφητευομένην. Ἡμεῖς δὲ, ἀδελφοὶ, ἀπορφανισθέντες ἀφ' ὑμῶν πρὸς καιρὸν ὥρας, προσώπῳ, οὐ καρδίᾳ, περισσοτέρως ἐσπουδάσαμεν τὸ πρόσωπον ὑμῶν ἰδεῖν ἐν πολλῇ ἐπιθυμίᾳ. Οὐκ εἶπε, χωρισθέντες, ἀλλ' ὃ πλέον ἦν. Εἶπεν ἀνωτέρω περὶ τῆς κολακείας, δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐ κολακεύει, ὅτι οὐ ζητεῖ δόξαν: λέγει ἐνταῦθα περὶ τῆς ἀγάπης. Ἐπειδὴ εἶπεν ἀνωτέρω: Ὡς πατὴρ τέκνα, Ὡς τροφὸς, ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἕτερόν φησιν, Ἀπορφανισθέντες, ὅπερ ἐστὶ παίδων πατέρας ζητούντων. Καὶ μὴ ἐκεῖνοι ἀπωρφανίσθησαν. Οὒ, φησὶν, ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς. Εἰ γάρ τις τὸν πόθον ἐξετάσειε, καθάπερ παιδία μικρὰ ἀπροστάτευτα, ἄωρον ὀρφανίαν ὑποστάντα, ἐν πολλῷ πόθῳ τῶν γονέων εἰσὶν, οὐ διὰ τὴν φύσιν μόνον αὐτὴν, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τὴν ἐρημίαν: οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς. Ἐκ τούτου καὶ τὴν ἀθυμίαν αὐτοῦ δείκνυσιν, ἐν ᾗ ἦν διὰ τὸν χωρισμόν. Καὶ ταῦτα, φησὶν, οὐκ ἔνι εἰπεῖν, ὅτι πολὺν χρόνον ἀνεμείναμεν, ἀλλὰ Πρὸς καιρὸν, καὶ τοῦτο Προσώπῳ, οὐ καρδίᾳ: ἀεὶ γὰρ ὑμᾶς ἔχομεν ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ. Ὅρα ὅση ἀγάπη: καίτοι ἔχων αὐτοὺς διαπαντὸς ἐν καρδίᾳ, καὶ τὴν κατ' ὄψιν ἐζήτει παρουσίαν. Μή μοι λέγε τὴν περιττὴν φιλοσοφίαν: τοῦτο ἀληθῶς θερμῆς ἀγάπης, τὸ καὶ ἰδεῖν καὶ ἀκοῦσαι καὶ εἰπεῖν, καὶ πολλὰ ἂν τοῦτο συμβάλλοιτο. Περισσοτέρως, φησὶν, ἐσπουδάσαμεν. Τί ἐστι, Περισσοτέρως; Ἢ τοῦτό ἐστιν εἰπεῖν, ὅτι Σφόδρα ὑμῶν ἐξεχόμεθα: ἢ ὡς εἰκὸς ἦν, Ὥραν ἀπολειφθέντες ἐσπουδάσαμεν τὸ πρόσωπον ὑμῶν ἰδεῖν. Ὅρα τὸν μακάριον Παῦλον, ὅταν μὴ δι' ἑαυτοῦ δύνηται πληροῦν αὐτοῦ τὸν πόθον, δι' ἑτέρων τοῦτο ποιοῦντα: ὥσπερ ὅτε πρὸς Φιλιππησίους τὸν Τιμόθεον πέμπει, καὶ πρὸς Κορινθίους πάλιν τὸν αὐτὸν, δι' ἑτέρων αὐτοῖς συγγινόμενος, ὅταν μὴ δύνηται δι' ἑαυτοῦ. Ἐρώμενος γὰρ ἦν μανικός τις καὶ ἀκάθεκτος, καὶ ἀκαρτέρητος εἰς φιλίαν. Διὸ ἠθελήσαμεν ἐλθεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς. Ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἀγάπης. Καίτοι γε ἐνταῦθα οὐδεμίαν ἑτέραν χρείαν φησὶν, ἀλλ' ἵνα ἴδωμεν ὑμᾶς. Ἐγὼ μὲν Παῦλος, καὶ ἅπαξ καὶ δίς: καὶ ἐνέκοψεν ὁ Σατανᾶς. γʹ. Τί λέγεις; ὁ Σατανᾶς ἐγκόπτει; Ναί: οὐ γὰρ Θεοῦ τοῦτο ἔργον ἦν. Ἐπὶ μὲν γὰρ τῶν Ῥωμαίων φησὶν, ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς ἐκώλυσε: καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ δέ φησιν ὁ Λουκᾶς, ὅτι Τὸ Πνεῦμα διεκώλυσεν αὐτοὺς ἐλθεῖν εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν: καὶ Κορινθίοις τοῦ Πνεύματός φησιν εἶναι τὸ ἔργον, ἐνταῦθα δὲ μόνον τοῦ Σατανᾶ. Τίνα δὲ λέγει ἐγκοπὴν τοῦ Σατανᾶ; Πειρασμούς τινας ἀπροσδοκήτους καὶ σφοδρούς. Γενομένης γὰρ αὐτῷ, φησὶν, ἐπιβουλῆς ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων, κατείχετο ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι τρεῖς μῆνας. Ἕτερον δέ ἐστιν οἰκονομίας ἕνεκεν παραμένειν καὶ ἑκόντα, καὶ ἕτερον ἐγκοπτόμενον. Ἐκεῖ μὲν γὰρ φησί: Διὸ μηκέτι τόπον ἔχων ἐν τοῖς κλίμασι τούτοις, καὶ, Φειδόμενος ὑμῶν οὐκέτι ἦλθον εἰς Κόρινθον: ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον, ἀλλὰ τί; Ὅτι ὁ Σατανᾶς ἐνέκοψεν. Ἐγὼ μὲν, φησὶ, Παῦλος, καὶ ἅπαξ καὶ δίς. Ὅρα πῶς φιλοτιμεῖται καὶ ἐγκαλλωπίζεται. θέλων δεῖξαι, ὅτι μάλιστα πάντων αὐτοὺς ἐφίλει. Τὸ, Ἐγὼ μὲν Παῦλος, ἀντὶ τοῦ: Εἰ καὶ μὴ οἱ ἄλλοι, φησί. Κἀκεῖνοι μὲν γὰρ ἤθελον μόνον, ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ ἐπεχείρησα. Τίς γὰρ ἡμῖν ἐλπὶς, ἢ χαρὰ, ἢ στέφανος καυχήσεως; Ἢ οὐχὶ καὶ ὑμεῖς ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ αὐτοῦ; Μακεδόνες εἰσὶ, εἰπέ μοι, ἡ ἐλπίς σου, ὦ μακάριε Παῦλε; Οὐχ οὗτοι μόνοι, φησί: διὰ τοῦτο ἐπήγαγεν: Ἢ οὐχὶ καὶ ὑμεῖς; Τίς γάρ ἐστιν ἡμῖν, φησὶν, ἐλπὶς, ἢ χαρὰ, ἢ στέφανος καυχήσεως; Ἆρα ἐπιγινώσκετε τὰ ῥήματα γυναικῶν ὄντα πάνυ διαθερμαινομένων τοῖς σπλάγχνοις, καὶ πρὸς παιδία μικρὰ διαλεγομένων; Καὶ στέφανος, φησὶ, καυχήσεως. Οὐ γὰρ ἤρκει τὸ στέφανος ὄνομα δεῖξαι τὴν λαμπρότητα, ἀλλὰ προσέθηκε καὶ, Καυχήσεως. Πόσης πυρώσεως τοῦτο; Οὐκ ἄν ποτε μήτηρ, οὐδὲ πατὴρ, εἴ γε ὁμοῦ συνῆλθον, καὶ τὸν ἑαυτῶν ἀνεμίξαντο πόθον, ἠδυνήθησαν δεῖξαι ἰσόῤῥοπον ὄντα τῷ Παύλῳ τὸν ἑαυτῶν πόθον. Χαρὰ, φησὶ, καὶ στέφανος: τουτέστι, Μᾶλλον ἐφ' ὑμῖν, φησὶν, ἀγάλλομαι, ἢ ἐπὶ στεφάνῳ. Ἐννόησον γὰρ ὅσον ἐστὶν Ἐκκλησίαν ὁλόκληρον παρεῖναι φυτευθεῖσαν καὶ ῥιζωθεῖσαν ὑπὸ Παύλου. Τίς οὐκ ἂν ἐπὶ τοσαύτῃ πολυπαιδίᾳ καὶ εὐπαιδίᾳ ἀγάλλοιτο; Ὥστε οὐδὲ τοῦτο κολακείας ἐστίν. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, Ὑμεῖς, ἁπλῶς, ἀλλὰ, Καὶ ὑμεῖς, μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων. Ὑμεῖς γάρ ἐστε ἡ δόξα ἡμῶν καὶ ἡ χαρά. Διὸ μηκέτι στέγοντες εὐδοκήσαμεν καταλειφθῆναι ἐν Ἀθήναις μόνοι. Τοῦτο εἶπεν ἀντὶ τοῦ, εἱλόμεθα. Καὶ ἐπέμψαμεν Τιμόθεον τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἡμῶν, καὶ διάκονον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ συνεργὸν ἡμῶν ἐν τῷ Εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Καὶ τοῦτο οὐ τὸν Τιμόθεον ἐπαίρων, φησὶν, ἀλλ' αὐτοὺς τιμῶν, ὅτι τὸν συνεργὸν, καὶ διάκονον τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου αὐτοῖς ἔπεμψεν: ὡς ἂν εἰ ἔλεγεν: Ἀποσπάσαντες ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων ἐπέμψαμεν πρὸς ὑμᾶς τὸν διάκονον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ συνεργὸν ἡμῶν ἐν τῷ Εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Εἶτα καὶ ἡ αἰτία: Εἰς τὸ στηρίξαι ὑμᾶς καὶ παρακαλέσαι ὑπὲρ τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν, τῷ μηδένα σαίνεσθαι ἐν ταῖς θλίψεσι ταύταις. Τί δὴ ἐνταῦθά φησιν; Ἐπειδὴ τῶν διδασκάλων οἱ πειρασμοὶ θορυβοῦσι τοὺς μαθητὰς, τότε δὲ πολλοῖς περιέπεσε πειρασμοῖς, ὡς καὶ αὐτός φησιν, ὅτι Ἐνέκοψεν ἡμᾶς ὁ Σατανᾶς: ἀνακτώμενος αὐτοὺς οὕτως εἴρηκεν. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοῦτό ἐστι: Καὶ ἅπαξ καὶ δεύτερον ἤθελον ἐλθεῖν, καὶ οὐκ ἴσχυσα: ὃ πολλῆς βίας ἦν. Εἰκὸς δὲ τοῦτο θορυβῆσαι αὐτούς. Οὐ γὰρ οὕτως ἐπὶ τοῖς οἰκείοις πειρασμοῖς, ὡς ἐπὶ τοῖς τῶν διδασκάλων θορυβοῦνται οἱ μαθηταί: ὥσπερ οὐδὲ οὕτως ἐπὶ τῶν οἰκείων θορυβεῖται πειρασμῶν στρατιώτης, ὡς ὅταν τὸν στρατηγὸν ἴδῃ βεβλημένον. Εἰς τὸ στηρίξαι ὑμᾶς, φησίν. Ἄρα διὰ τὸ μὴ θορυβηθῆναι ἔπεμψεν, ἀλλ' οὐχ ὡς ἐλλείποντάς τι τῆς πίστεως, οὐδ' ὡς ὀφείλοντάς τι μαθεῖν. Καὶ παρακαλέσαι ὑπὲρ τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν, τῷ μηδένα σαίνεσθαι ἐν ταῖς θλίψεσι ταύταις: αὐτοὶ γὰρ οἴδατε ὅτι εἰς τοῦτο κείμεθα. Καὶ γὰρ ὅτε πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἦμεν, προελέγομεν ὑμῖν, ὅτι μέλλομεν θλίβεσθαι, καθὼς καὶ ἐγένετο, καὶ οἴδατε. Οὐ δεῖ θορυβεῖσθαι, φησί: καὶ γὰρ οὐδὲν ξένον, οὐδὲν παρ' ἐλπίδα συμβαίνει: ὅπερ ἱκανὸν ἦν αὐτοὺς διαναστῆσαι. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς προέλεγε τοῖς μαθηταῖς; ἄκουσον γὰρ αὐτοῦ λέγοντος: Ἀπάρτι εἶπον ὑμῖν πρὸ τοῦ γενέσθαι, ἵν', ὅταν γένηται, πιστεύσητε. Μέγα γὰρ, ὄντως μέγα εἰς παραμυθίαν τῶν ἄλλων, τὸ παρὰ τῶν διδασκάλων ἀκοῦσαι τὰ γινόμενα. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ κάμνων παρὰ τοῦ ἰατροῦ, ἐὰν ἀκούσῃ ὅτι τόδε γίνεται καὶ τόδε, οὐ σφόδρα θορυβεῖται: ἐὰν δὲ ἀπροσδοκήτως ἐκβῇ, ὡς κἀκείνου ἀπορηθέντος, καὶ τοῦ νοσήματος μείζονος τῆς τέχνης γενομένου, ἀλύει καὶ θορυβεῖται: οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα. Ἅπερ προειδὼς, ὁ Παῦλος, προεῖπεν αὐτοῖς Ὅτι μέλλομεν θλίβεσθαι: Καθὼς, φησὶ, καὶ ἐγένετο καὶ οἴδατε. Οὐχ ὅτι ἐγένετο τοῦτο λέγει μόνον, ἀλλ' ὅτι πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα προεῖπε, καὶ ἐξέβη. Εἰς τοῦτο κείμεθα. Ὥστε οὐχ ὑπὲρ τῶν παρελθόντων μόνον οὐ δεῖ θορυβεῖσθαι καὶ ταράττεσθαι: τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι σαίνεσθαι: ἀλλ' οὐδ' ὑπὲρ τῶν μελλόντων, εἴ τι συμβαίη τοιοῦτον. Εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ κείμεθα. δʹ. Ἀκούσωμεν οἷς ἐστιν ὦτα ἀκούειν: εἰς τοῦτο κεῖται ὁ Χριστιανός. Τὸ, Εἰς τοῦτο κείμεθα, περὶ πάντων λέγει τῶν πιστῶν. Εἰς τοῦτο κείμεθα: καὶ ἡμεῖς ὡσανεὶ εἰς ἄνεσιν κείμενοι, ξενοπαθοῦμεν. Μᾶλλον δὲ τίνος ἕνεκεν ξενοπαθοῦμεν; οὐδὲ γὰρ θλίψεως καιρὸς, οὐδὲ πειρασμὸς κατέλαβεν, εἰ μὴ ἀνθρώπινος. Εὔκαιρον καὶ πρὸς ὑμᾶς εἰπεῖν, Οὔπω μέχρις αἵματος ἀντικατέστητε πρὸς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἀνταγωνιζόμενοι. Μᾶλλον δὲ οὐ τοῦτο εὔκαιρον εἰπεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ἀλλὰ ποῖον; Οὔπω χρημάτων κατεφρονήσατε. Ἐκείνοις μὲν γὰρ τοῖς τὰ αὐτῶν ἀπολωλεκόσιν ἅπαντα εἰκότως ταῦτα ἐλέγετο: τοῖς δὲ τὰ αὐτῶν ἔχουσι, τοῦτο: Τίς ἡρπάγη χρήματα διὰ Χριστόν; τίς ἐῤῥαπίσθη; τίς ὑβρίσθη; μέχρι ῥημάτων, λέγω. Πόθεν ἡ καύχησις; πόθεν δύνασαι παῤῥησίαν ἔχειν; Τοσαῦτα ἔπαθε δι' ἡμεῖς ἐχθροὺς ὄντας ὁ Χριστός: τί δυνάμεθα ἐπιδεῖξαι ἡμεῖς ὧν δι' αὐτὸν πεπόνθαμεν; Ὧν μὲν πεπόνθαμεν, οὐδέν: ὧν δὲ πάσχομεν παρ' αὐτοῦ καλῶν, μυρία. Πόθεν ἡμῖν ἡ παῤῥησία ἔσται κατ' ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν; Οὐκ ἴστε, ὅτι καὶ ὁ στρατιώτης, ὅταν μυρία τραύματα καὶ ὠτειλὰς ἐπιδεικνύηται, τότε δυνήσεται λαμπρὸς εἶναι παρὰ τῷ βασιλεῖ; ἂν δὲ μηδὲν ἔχῃ δεῖξαι κατόρθωμα, κἂν μηδὲν ᾖ προσκεκρουκὼς, ἐν τοῖς ἐσχάτοις τετάξεται; Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστι πολέμου καιρὸς, φησίν. Εἰ γὰρ ἦν, εἰπέ μοι, τίς ἂν ἠγωνίσατο; τίς ἂν ἐπεπήδησε; τίς ἂν τὴν φάλαγγα διέξωσε; Τάχα οὐδείς: ὅταν γὰρ ἴδω ὅτι χρημάτων οὐ καταφρονεῖς ἕνεκεν τοῦ Χριστοῦ, πῶς σοι πιστεύσω ὅτι πληγῶν καταφρονήσεις; Εἰπὲ, φέρετε τοὺς ὑβρίζοντας γενναίως, καὶ εὐλογεῖτε αὐτούς; Τοῦτο οὐ ποιεῖς, ἀλλὰ παρακούεις. Ὃ κίνδυνον οὐκ ἔχει, οὐ ποιεῖς, καὶ πληγὰς οἴσεις, εἰπέ μοι, ἔνθα πολὺ τὸ τῆς ὀδύνης καὶ τῆς ἀλγηδόνος; Οὐκ ἴστε ὅτι ἐν εἰρήνῃ τὰ τοῦ πολέμου γυμνάζεσθαι χρή; οὐχ ὁρᾶτε τοὺς στρατιώτας τούτους, οἳ, καὶ μηδενὸς ἐνοχλοῦντος πολέμου, ἀλλ' εἰρήνης οὔσης βαθείας, τὰ ὅπλα ἀποσμηξάμενοι, καὶ μετὰ τῶν διδασκάλων τῶν τὰ τακτικὰ διδασκόντων αὐτοὺς, εἰς ὕπτια πεδία καὶ εὐρύχωρα καθ' ἑκάστην, ὡς εἰπεῖν, ἡμέραν ἐξιόντες, τὰ τοῦ πολέμου γυμνάζονται μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς ἀκριβείας; Τίς τοῦτο εἰργάσατο τῶν πνευματικῶν στρατιωτῶν; Οὐδὲ εἷς. Διὰ τοῦτο ἐν τοῖς πολέμοις χαῦνοι καὶ βάναυσοι, καὶ πᾶσιν εὐάλωτοι γινόμεθα. Πόσης δὲ νωθείας τὸ μὴ ἡγεῖσθαι πολέμου καιρὸν εἶναι τὸν παρόντα, τοῦ Παύλου βοῶντος: Πάντες δὲ οἱ θέλοντες εὐσεβῶς ζῇν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ διωχθήσονται; καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ λέγοντος: Ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ θλῖψιν ἕξετε; Καὶ πάλιν τοῦ μακαρίου Παύλου λαμπρᾷ τῇ φωνῇ βοῶντος καὶ λέγοντος: Οὐκ ἔστιν ἡμῖν ἡ πάλη πρὸς αἷμα καὶ σάρκα; καὶ πάλιν: Στῆτε οὖν περιζωσάμενοι τὴν ὀσφὺν ὑμῶν ἐν ἀληθείᾳ; Καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐκείνων εἶπε τότε, Τί ὁπλίζεις ἡμᾶς, πολέμου οὐκ ὄντος; τί μάτην ἡμῖν πράγματα παρέχεις; θωρακίζεις τοὺς στρατιώτας, ἐξὸν ἀναπαύεσθαι καὶ ἡσυχάζειν; Ἀλλ' εἴπερ τις εἶπε ταῦτα, ἀνθυπήνεγκεν ἄν: Μάλιστα μὲν οὖν, εἰ καὶ μὴ ἦν πόλεμος, ἔδει τὰ τοῦ πολέμου μεριμνᾷν. Ὁ γὰρ ἐν εἰρήνῃ τῶν τῆς μάχης φροντίζων, φοβερὸς ἔσται ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τῆς μάχης: ὁ δὲ ἄπειρος τῶν πολεμικῶν, μᾶλλον θορυβηθήσεται καὶ ἐν εἰρήνῃ. Τί δήποτε; Ὅτι δακρύσεται ὑπὲρ ὧν ἔχει, καὶ ὅτι μὴ δυνάμενος ὑπερμαχεῖν αὐτῶν, ὀδυνηθήσεται. Τοῦ γὰρ δειλοῦ καὶ ἀπείρου καὶ πρὸς τὰς μάχας βαναύσου τὰ κτήματα πάντων ἐστὶ τῶν ἀνδρείων καὶ πολεμεῖν εἰδότων: ὥστε διὰ τοῦτο πρῶτον ὑμᾶς ὁπλίζω. Ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ πολέμου καιρὸς πᾶς ὁ τῆς ζωῆς ἡμῶν ἐστὶ χρόνος. Πῶς καὶ τίνι τρόπῳ; Ὁ διάβολος ἐφέστηκεν ἀεί. Ἄκουσον τί περὶ αὐτοῦ φησι. Περιέρχεται ὠρυόμενος ὡς λέων, ἁρπάσαι θέλων. Σωματικὰ πάθη μυρία ἐπιτίθεται ἡμῖν, ἅπερ ἀναγκαῖον διελθεῖν, ἵνα μὴ μάτην ἑαυτοὺς ἀπατῶμεν. Τί γὰρ, εἰπέ μοι, ἡμῖν οὐ πολεμεῖ; οὐ πλοῦτος, κάλλος, τρυφὴ, δυναστεία, ἐξουσία, βασκανία, δόξα, ἀπόνοια; Οὐ γὰρ μόνον ἡ ἡμετέρα δόξα πολεμεῖ κωλύουσα πρὸς ταπεινοφροσύνην καταπίπτειν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡ ἑτέρων εἰς φθόνον ἡμᾶς καὶ βασκανίαν ἐξάγουσα. Τί δὲ τὰ ἐναντία, πενία, ἀτιμία, τὸ καταφρονεῖσθαι, τὸ ἀπεῤῥῖφθαι, τὸ μηδεμίαν ἔχειν ἰσχύν; Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν ἐν ἡμῖν: τὰ δὲ παρὰ ἀνθρώπων, πονηρίαι, ἐπιβουλαὶ, δόλοι, συκοφαντίαι, περιστάσεις μυρίαι: ὁμοίως καὶ τὰ παρὰ τῶν δαιμόνων, ἀρχαὶ, ἐξουσίαι, κοσμοκράτορες τοῦ σκότους τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου, τὰ πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας. Ἄλλοι ἐσμὲν χαίροντες, ἄλλοι ἀλγοῦντες: ἀμφότερα παρεκτροπή. Ἀλλ' ὑγεία, ἀλλ' ἀσθένεια. Πόθεν οὐχ ἁμαρτήσεταί τις; Βούλεσθε καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀδὰμ ἀρξάμενος ὑμῖν εἴπω εὐθέως ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς; Τί τὸν πρωτόπλαστον εἷλεν; Ἡδονὴ καὶ βρώματα καὶ φιλαρχίας ἔρως. Τί τὸν μετ' ἐκεῖνον τὸν υἱὸν τὸν ἐκείνου; Βασκανία καὶ φθόνος. Τί τοὺς ἐπὶ Νῶε; Σωμάτων ἡδοναὶ, καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τούτων τικτόμενα κακά. Τί τὸν υἱὸν τὸν τούτου; Ὕβρις καὶ ἄδεια. Τί τοὺς Σοδομίτας; Ὕβρις καὶ ἀσέλγεια καὶ πλησμονὴ ἄρτων. Πολλάκις δὲ καὶ πενία τοῦτο ποιεῖ: διὰ τοῦτο σοφός τις ἔλεγε: Πλοῦτον δὲ καὶ πενίαν μή μοι δῷς. Μᾶλλον δὲ οὐ πλοῦτος, οὐδὲ πενία, ἀλλ' ἡ μὴ δυναμένη τούτοις ἑκατέροις προαίρεσις χρήσασθαι. Ἐπίγνωθι, φησὶν, ὅτι ἐν μέσῳ παγίδων διαβαίνεις. εʹ. Θαυμαστῶς εἶπεν ὁ μακάριος Παῦλος: Εἰς τοῦτο κείμεθα: οὐκ εἶπεν ἁπλῶς, ὅτι πειραζόμεθα, ἀλλ' Εἰς τοῦτο κείμεθα, ἀντὶ τοῦ, εἰς τοῦτο ἐγενήθημεν. Τοῦτο τὸ ἔργον ἡμῶν, οὗτος ὁ βίος, καὶ σὺ ἄνεσιν ζητεῖς; Οὐκ ἐφέστηκεν ὁ δήμιος τὴν πλευρὰν καταξαίνων, καὶ θῦσαι καταναγκάζων: ἀλλ' ἐφέστηκεν ἐπιθυμία σφοδρὰ χρημάτων καὶ πλεονεξίας, ἐξορύττουσα τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἡμῖν. Οὐδεὶς στρατιώτης πυρὰν ἡμῖν ἀνῆψεν, οὐδὲ ἔθηκεν ἐπὶ κρατίκλης: ἀλλ' ὁ τῶν σωμάτων φλογμὸς μᾶλλον ἐκείνων ἐξάπτει τὴν ψυχήν. Οὐ πάρεστι βασιλεὺς μυρία ἐπαγγελλόμενος ἀγαθὰ καὶ δυσωπῶν: ἀλλὰ πάρεστιν ἡ δοξομανία χεῖρον ἐκείνου γαργαλίζουσα. Μέγας πόλεμος ὄντως, καὶ πολὺ μέγας, ἂν ἐθέλωμεν νήφειν: ἔχει στεφάνους καὶ ὁ παρὼν καιρός: ἄκουε Παύλου λέγοντος: Λοιπὸν ἀπόκειταί μοι ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος, ὃν ἀποδώσει μοι ὁ δίκαιος κριτής: οὐ μόνον δὲ ἐμοὶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς ἠγαπηκόσι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ. Ὅταν ἀπολέσῃς παιδίον ἀγαπητὸν μονογενὲς, ἐν πλούτῳ πολλῷ τρεφόμενον, ἐλπίδας ὑποφαῖνον χρηστὰς, αὐτό σοι μέλλον μόνον διαδέχεσθαι τὸν κλῆρον, μὴ στενάξῃς, ἀλλ' εὐχαρίστησον τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ δόξαζε τὸν εἰληφότα, καὶ οὐδὲν ἔσῃ τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ κατὰ τοῦτο χείρων. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος τῷ Θεῷ ἔδωκε κελεύσαντι, οὕτω σὺ λαβόντος αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐστέναξας. Νόσῳ περιέπεσες χαλεπῇ, καὶ πολλοὶ παραγίνονται ἀναγκάζοντες, οἱ μὲν ἐπῳδαῖς, οἱ δὲ περιάμμασιν, οἱ δὲ ἑτέροις τισὶ παραμυθήσασθαι τὸ κακόν; διὰ τὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ φόβον ἤνεγκας γενναίως καὶ ἀκλινῶς, καὶ πάντα ἂν εἵλου παθεῖν ἢ ὑποστῆναί τι τῶν εἰδωλικῶν πρᾶξαι; τοῦτό σοι μαρτυρίου στέφανον φέρει. Καὶ μὴ ἀμφίβαλλε. Καὶ πῶς καὶ τίνι τρόπῳ; ἐγὼ λέγω. Ὅτι καθάπερ ἐκεῖνος τὰς ἀπὸ τῶν βασάνων ὀδύνας φέρει γενναίως, ὥστε μὴ προσκυνῆσαι τὸ εἴδωλον, οὕτω καὶ σὺ τὰς ἀπὸ τῆς νόσου φέρεις ἀλγηδόνας, ὥστε μηδενὸς δεηθῆναι τῶν παρ' ἐκείνου, μηδὲ πρᾶξαι ἅπερ ἐπιτάττει. Ἀλλὰ σφοδρότεραι ἐκεῖναι; Ἀλλ' αὗται μακρότεραι, ὥστε εἰς ἴσον καταλήγει. Πολλάκις δὲ καὶ σφοδρότεραι. Τί γὰρ, εἰπέ μοι, ὅταν καύσων ἔνδον ἐνοχλῇ καὶ φλέγῃ, καὶ τῶν ἄλλων παραινούντων ἀποσείσῃ τὴν ἐπῳδὴν, οὐχὶ μαρτυρίου στέφανον ἀνεδήσω; Πάλιν ἀπώλεσέ τις χρήματα; πολλοὶ οἱ παραινοῦντες πρὸς μάντεις ἀπελθεῖν: σὺ δὲ τὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ φόβον, ἐπειδὴ κεκώλυται, εἵλου μᾶλλον μὴ λαβεῖν τὰ χρήματα, ἢ παρακοῦσαι τοῦ Θεοῦ; ἴσον ἔχεις τὸν μισθὸν τῷ εἰς πένητας αὐτὰ δεδωκότι: ἂν ἀπολέσας εὐχαριστήσῃς, καὶ δυνάμενος πρὸς μάντεις ἀπελθεῖν, ἀνάσχῃ μὴ λαβεῖν αὐτὰ μᾶλλον, ἢ οὕτω λαβεῖν, ἴσον ἔχεις εἰς κέρδος τῷ διὰ τὸν Θεὸν κενώσαντι ταῦτα. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος διὰ τὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ φόβον εἰς τοὺς δεομένους ἐκένωσεν, οὕτω καὶ σὺ διὰ τὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ φόβον, ἁρπασάντων ἐκείνων, οὐκ ἀνέλαβες. Ἡμεῖς κύριοι καὶ τοῦ ἀδικεῖν ἑαυτοὺς, καὶ τοῦ μή: ἕτερος δὲ οὐδείς. Καὶ, εἰ βούλεσθε, ἐπ' αὐτῆς τῆς κλοπῆς τὸ πρᾶγμα γυμνάσωμεν. Διέτεμε τὸν τοῖχον ὁ κλέπτης, εἰσεπήδησεν εἰς τὸν θάλαμον, ἐξεφόρησε χρυσία πολυτίμητα καὶ λίθους τιμίους, ἁπλῶς θησαυρὸν ὁλόκληρον ἐξέβαλε, καὶ οὐχ ἑάλω. Τὸ μὲν γενόμενον βαρὺ, καὶ δοκεῖ ζημία τὸ πρᾶγμα εἶναι, οὐκ ἔστι δὲ οὐδέπω, ἀλλ' ἐν σοὶ κεῖται ἢ ζημίαν αὐτὸ ποιῆσαι, ἢ κέρδος. Καὶ πῶς ἂν γένοιτο τοῦτο κέρδος; φησίν. Ἐγὼ τοῦτο ἀποδεῖξαι πειράσομαι πῶς. Σοῦ βουλομένου, κέρδος ἔσται μέγα: μὴ βουληθέντος δὲ, χαλεπωτέρα τῆς γενομένης ζημία. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν τεχνιτῶν ὕλης ὑποκειμένης, ὁ μὲν ἔμπειρος τῆς τέχνης εἰς δέον αὐτῇ κέχρηται, ὁ δὲ ἄπειρος ἠφάνισε, καὶ ἐποίησεν αὐτῷ ζημίαν: οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν πραγμάτων. Πῶς οὖν ἔσται κέρδος; Ἂν εὐχαριστήσῃς τῷ Θεῷ, ἂν μὴ κωκύῃς ὀξὺ, ἂν τὰ τοῦ Ἰὼβ εἴπῃς ῥήματα: Ὁ Κύριος ἔδωκεν, ὁ Κύριος ἀφείλετο: γυμνὸς ἐξῆλθον ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός μου, γυμνὸς καὶ ἀπελεύσομαι. Τί λέγεις, Ὁ Κύριος ἀφείλετο; Ὁ κλέπτης ἀφείλετο, καὶ πῶς δυνήσῃ, φησὶν, εἰπεῖν, Ὁ Κύριος ἀφείλετο; Μὴ θαυμάσῃς: καὶ γὰρ καὶ ὁ Ἰὼβ, ἃ ὁ διάβολος ἀφείλετο, ταῦτα, ἔφησεν, Ὁ Κύριος ἀφείλετο. Εἰ δὲ ἐκεῖνος οὕτως ἐθάῤῥησεν εἰπεῖν, πῶς ἃ ὁ κλέπτης ἔλαβεν, οὐκ ἐρεῖς σὺ, ὅτι ὁ Κύριος ἀφείλετο; Τίνα θαυμάζεις, εἰπέ μοι, τὸν τὰ αὐτοῦ κενώσαντα εἰς πένητας, ἢ τὸν Ἰὼβ ἐπὶ τῶν ῥημάτων τούτων; ἆρα μὴ ἔλαττον ἔχει τοῦ ἐλεημοσύνην δόντος ἐκεῖνος ὁ μὴ δοὺς τότε; Μὴ γὰρ εἴπῃς, Οὐκ ἔχω χάριν, οὐκ ἐμῆς γνώμης τὸ πρᾶγμα ἦν: οὐκ εἰδότος οὐδὲ βουλομένου, ὁ λῃστὴς ἔλαβε: ποῖος ἔσται μοι μισθός; Οὐδὲ τοῦ Ἰὼβ εἰδότος, οὐδὲ βουλομένου, ταῦτα ἔλαβε: πῶς γάρ; ἀλλ' ὅμως ἤθλησεν. Ἔξεστι καὶ σοὶ τοσοῦτον λαβεῖν μισθὸν, ὅσον ἂν εἰ ἑκὼν ἔῤῥιψας αὐτά. Καὶ εἰκότως τοῦτον μᾶλλον θαυμάζομεν τὸν ἐπηρείας εὐχαρίστως φέροντα, ἢ τὸν ἑκόντα διδόντα. Τί δήποτε; Ὅτι ἐκεῖνος μὲν τοῖς ἐπαίνοις τρέφεται, καὶ τῷ συνειδότι καὶ χρηστὰς ἔχει τὰς ἐλπίδας: καὶ πρότερον γενναίως ἐνεγκὼν τὴν στέρησιν τῶν χρημάτων, τότε αὐτὰ ἔῤῥιψεν: οὗτος δὲ ἔτι προσδεδεμένος ἀφῃρέθη βίᾳ. Οὐκ ἔστι δὲ ἴσον, πρότερον πεισθέντα ἀποστῆναι χρημάτων, οὕτως αὐτὰ κενῶσαι, καὶ ἔτι αὐτῶν κρατοῦντα ἀποστερηθῆναι. Ἂν ταῦτα εἴπῃς τὰ ῥήματα, λήψῃ πολλαπλασίονα, καὶ πλείονα ἢ ὁ Ἰώβ. Ἐκεῖνος μὲν γὰρ τὰ διπλασίονα ἐνταῦθα ἔλαβε: σοὶ δὲ ὁ Χριστὸς ἑκατονταπλασίονα ἐπηγγείλατο. Οὐκ ἐβλασφήμησας διὰ τὸν φόβον τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐχρήσω μάντεσιν, εὐχαρίστησας κακῶς παθών; ὅμοιος εἶ τῷ καταπεφρονηκότι: καὶ γὰρ καὶ ταῦτα οὐ γίνεται, ἂν μὴ καταφρονήσῃς πρότερον. Οὐκ ἔστι δὲ ἴσον ἐν πολλῷ χρόνῳ μελετῆσαι καταφρονῆσαι τῶν χρημάτων, καὶ ἀθρόον ζημίαν συμβᾶσαν ἐνεγκεῖν. Οὕτω γίνεται κέρδος ἡ ζημία, καὶ οὐδὲν βλαβήσῃ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὠφεληθήσῃ παρὰ τοῦ διαβόλου. Ϛʹ. Πῶς δὲ καὶ ζημία γίνεται χαλεπή; Ὅταν τὴν ψυχὴν ζημιωθῇς. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, ἀπεστέρησέ σε χρημάτων ὁ κλέπτης; διὰ τί σὺ σαυτὸν ἀποστερεῖς σωτηρίας, διὰ τί ἀλγῶν ἐφ' οἷς παρ' ἑτέρων κακῶς ἔπαθες, αὐτὸς πλείοσι περιβάλλεις σαυτὸν κακοῖς; Ἐκεῖνός σε ἴσως πενίᾳ περιέβαλε, σὺ δὲ σαυτὸν ἐν τοῖς καιρίοις μάλιστα καταβλάπτεις κακούργως: ἐκεῖνος ἀπεστέρησέ σε τὰ ἐκτός σου ὄντα, καὶ ὕστερον καὶ ἄκοντός σου ἀποπηδήσοντα: σὺ δὲ τὸν αἰώνιον πλοῦτον σαυτὸν ἀφαιρῇ. Ἐλύπησέ σε ὁ διάβολος ἀφελόμενος τὰ χρήματα; λύπησον αὐτὸν καὶ σὺ εὐχαριστήσας, καὶ μὴ εὐφράνῃς. Ἂν πρὸς μάντεις ἀπέλθῃς, εὔφρανας: ἂν εὐχαριστήσῃς τῷ Θεῷ, καιρίαν ἔδωκας αὐτῷ τὴν πληγήν. Καὶ ὅρα τί γίνεται: οὔτε αὐτὰ εὑρήσεις ἀπελθὼν πρὸς τοὺς μάντεις: οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἐκείνων εἰδέναι: εἰ δέ που καὶ εἶπον ἐπιτυχόντες, καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν προσαπολλύεις, καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀδελφῶν καταγελασθήσῃ τῶν σῶν, καὶ πάλιν αὐτὰ κακῶς ἀπολεῖς. Ὁ γὰρ δαίμων εἰδὼς ὅτι ζημίαν οὐ φέρεις, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ τούτων καὶ τὸν Θεόν σου ἀρνῇ, πάλιν χρήματα δίδωσιν, ἵνα ἀφορμὴν σχῇ τοῦ πάλιν σε ἀπατῆσαι. Εἰ δὲ καὶ λέγοιεν οἱ μάντεις, μὴ θαυμάζετε: ἀσώματός ἐστιν ὁ δαίμων, πανταχοῦ περίεισιν: αὐτὸς αὐτοὺς ὁπλίζει τοὺς λῃστάς: οὐ γὰρ ἄνευ δαίμονος ταῦτα γίνεται. Εἰ τοίνυν ὁπλίζει τούτους, καὶ οἶδε καὶ ποῦ κατατίθενται: οὐκ ἀγνοεῖ τοὺς αὐτοῦ ὑπηρέτας. Οὐκ ἔστι δὲ θαυμαστὸν τοῦτο: ἂν ἴδῃ ἀλγοῦντά σε τῇ ζημίᾳ, καὶ ἑτέραν ἐπάγει: ἂν ἴδῃ καταγελῶντα καὶ καταφρονοῦντα, ἀποστήσεται ταύτης τῆς ὁδοῦ. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἡμεῖς ἐκεῖνα τοὺς ἐχθροὺς διατίθεμεν ἐν οἷς λυποῦμεν αὐτούς: ἂν δὲ ἴδωμεν ὅτι οὐκ ἀλγοῦσιν, ἀφιστάμεθα λοιπὸν, ὡς οὐκ ἔχοντες αὐτοὺς δακεῖν: οὕτω καὶ ὁ διάβολος. Τί λέγεις; οὐχ ὁρᾷς τοὺς ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ πλέοντας, πῶς οὐ φροντίζουσι χρημάτων, χειμῶνος γινομένου, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ ὄντα ῥίπτουσι; καὶ οὐδεὶς λέγει, Τί ποιεῖς, ἄνθρωπε; τῷ χειμῶνι συμπράττεις καὶ τῷ ναυαγίῳ; πρὶν ἤ σε τὸ κῦμα τὸν πλοῦτον ἀφέληται, σὺ ταῖς σαυτοῦ χερσὶ τοῦτο ποιεῖς; τί πρὸ τοῦ ναυαγίου ναυαγίῳ περιβάλλεις σαυτόν; Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν ἂν εἴποι ἄγροικος ἄνθρωπος, καὶ τῶν ἐν θαλάττῃ πειρασμῶν ἄπειρος: ὁ μέντοι ναυτικὸς, καὶ τί μὲν ἐργάζεται γαλήνην, τί δὲ ποιεῖ χειμῶνα ἀκριβῶς ἐπιστάμενος, καὶ καταγελάσεται τοῦ ταῦτα λέγοντος: Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο ῥίπτω, φησὶν, ἵνα μὴ κλυδὼν γένηται. Οὕτω καὶ ὁ ἔμπειρος τῶν ἐν τῷ βίῳ πραγμάτων καὶ τῶν πειρασμῶν, ὅταν ἴδῃ τὸν χειμῶνα ἐπιστάντα, καὶ τὰ πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας ναυάγιον ἐργάσασθαι βουλόμενα, καὶ τὰ λείποντα τῶν χρημάτων ῥίπτει. Ἐγένετο κλοπή σοι, ποίησον ἐλεημοσύνην, καὶ κουφίζεις τὸ πλοῖον. Ἥρπασαν οἱ λῃσταί; σὺ δὸς τὰ λείψανα τῷ Χριστῷ: οὕτω καὶ τὴν ἐπὶ τοῖς προτέροις παραμυθήσῃ πενίαν. Κούφισον τὸ πλοῖον, μὴ κατάσχῃς τὰ μείναντα, ἵνα μὴ περιαντλῆται τὸ σκάφος. Ἐκεῖνοι, ἵνα σώματα φυλάξωσιν, ἐκβολὴν ποιοῦνται τῶν σκευῶν, καὶ οὐ περιμένουσι τὸ κῦμα ἐπελθὸν περιτρέψαι τὸ σκάφος: σὺ ἵνα ψυχὰς σώσῃ, οὐ παύσεις τὸ ναυάγιον; Πειράσατε, εἰ ἀπιστεῖτε, παρακαλῶ, πειράσατε, καὶ ὄψεσθε τὴν δόξαν τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ὅταν σοί τι λυπηρὸν συμβῇ, δὸς ἐλεημοσύνην εὐθέως, εὐχαρίστησον ὅτι συνέβη, καὶ ὄψει πόση χαρὰ ἐπεισέρχεται. Τὸ γὰρ κέρδος τὸ πνευματικὸν κἂν ὀλίγον ᾖ, τοσοῦτόν ἐστιν, ὡς πᾶσαν ἀποκρύψαι ζημίαν σωματικήν. Ἕως ἂν ἔχῃς διδόναι τῷ Χριστῷ, πλουτεῖς. Εἰπέ μοι, εἰ συληθέντι σοι προσελθὼν ὁ βασιλεὺς χεῖρα ὑπέτεινεν ἀξιῶν τι λαβεῖν παρὰ σοῦ, ἆρα οὐκ ἂν ἐνόμισας πάντων εἶναι πλουσιώτερος, εἰ μηδὲ μετὰ τοσαύτην πενίαν ἐπαισχύνεταί σε ὁ βασιλεύς; Μὴ συναρπαγῇς: μόνον κράτησον σαυτοῦ, καὶ κρατήσεις τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου ἐπιβουλῆς. Ἔξεστί σοι κερδᾶναι μεγάλα. Καταφρονήσωμεν πλούτου, ἵνα μὴ καταφρονήσωμεν τῆς ψυχῆς, Πῶς δὲ ἄν τις καταφρονήσειεν; Οὐχ ὁρᾶτε τὰ λαμπρὰ τῶν σωμάτων, καὶ τοὺς ἐρῶντας αὐτῶν: ἕως μὲν ἂν ἐν ὄψεσιν ᾖ, ἐκκαίεται τὸ πῦρ, λαμπρὰ ἄνεισιν ἡ φλόξ: ἐπειδὰν δέ τις αὐτοὺς ἀπαγάγῃ πόῤῥω, πάντα ἔσβεσται, πάντα κεκοίμισται; Οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ πλούτου, μηδεὶς χρυσία κατασκευαζέτω, μηδεὶς λίθους τιμίους, μηδεὶς περιδέῤῥαια: δελεάζει τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὁρώμενα. Εἰ δὲ βούλει πλουτεῖν ὡς οἱ παλαιοὶ, πλούτει μὴ ἐν χρυσίῳ, ἀλλ' ἐν τοῖς ἀναγκαίοις, ἵνα καὶ ἐξ ἑτοίμου παρέχῃς τοῖς ἄλλοις: μὴ φιλόκοσμος ἔσο: ὁ τοιοῦτος πλοῦτος καὶ τοῖς λῃσταῖς ἐστιν εὐεπιβούλευτος, καὶ ἡμῖν παρέχει φροντίδας: μὴ σκεύη χρυσᾶ καὶ ἀργυρᾶ κτῶ, ἀλλ' ἔστωσαν ἀποθῆκαι σίτου, οἴνου, ἐλαίου: ἔστωσαν, οὐχ ἵνα πάλιν διαπραθεῖσαι ἄργυρον ἐργάσωνται, ἀλλ' ἵνα τοῖς δεομένοις χορηγῶνται. Ἂν ἀπάγωμεν ἑαυτοὺς ἐκείνων τῶν περιττῶν, ἐπιτευξόμεθα τῶν οὐρανίων ἀγαθῶν: ὧν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι δόξα, κράτος, τιμὴ, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.