4. Tell us, then, is there any passage in the divine Scripture where the Holy Spirit is found simply referred to as ‘spirit’ without the addition of ‘of God’, or ‘of the Father’, or ‘my’, or ‘of Christ’ himself, and ‘of the Son’, or ‘from me’ (that is, from God), or with the article so that he is called not simply ‘spirit’ but ‘the Spirit’, or the very term ‘Holy Spirit’ or ‘Paraclete’ or ‘of Truth’ (that is, of the Son who says, ‘I am the Truth’),—that, just because you heard the word ‘spirit’, you take it to be the Holy Spirit? Leave out of account for the moment cases in which people who have already received the Holy Spirit are mentioned again, and places where the readers, having previously learned of him, are not ignorant of whom they are hearing when he is referred to again, by way of repetition and reminder, merely as ‘the Spirit’. In these cases too it is generally used with the article. To sum up, unless the article is present or the above- mentioned addition, it cannot refer to the Holy Spirit. Take, for example, what Paul writes to the Galatians, ‘This only would I learn from you, Received ye the Spirit by the works of the law or by the hearing of faith?’ What had they received but the Holy Spirit who is given to those who believe and are being born again ‘through the laver of regeneration’? When he wrote to the Thessalonians, ‘Quench not the Spirit’, he was speaking to those who themselves knew what they had received; lest through lack of care they should quench the grace of the Spirit which had been kindled within them. When, in the Gospels, the evangelists, for the sake of the flesh he took, use human terms of the Saviour and say, ‘Jesus, full of Spirit, returned from the Jordan’, and, ‘Then was Jesus led up of the Spirit into the wilderness’, it has the same sense. For Luke has already said: ‘But when all the people had been baptized, and Jesus also had been baptized and was praying, the heaven was opened, and the Holy Spirit descended in a bodily form, as a dove, upon him.’ This made it clear that, in the mention of ‘the Spirit’, the Holy Spirit was intended. So likewise where the Holy Spirit is with men, even if he is mentioned without addition to his name, there is no doubt that it is the Holy Spirit who is intended; especially when it has the article.

Εἴπατε γοῦν εἴ που τῆς θείας Γραφῆς εὑρίσκε τε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἁπλῶς εἰρημένον πνεῦμα, χωρὶς προσθήκης τοῦ λέγεσθαι ἢ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἢ τοῦ Πατρὸς, ἢ ὅτι ἐμοῦ, ἢ αὐτοῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ἢ παρ' ἐμοῦ, ὅ ἐστι παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἢ μετὰ τοῦ ἄρθρου, ἵνα μὴ ἁπλῶς λέγηται πνεῦμα, ἀλλὰ τὸ Πνεῦμα· ἢ αὐτὸ τοῦτο τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, ἢ Παράκλητον, ἢ ἀληθείας, ὅ ἐστι τοῦ Υἱοῦ, τοῦ λέγοντος, «Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀλήθεια·» ἵνα, ἀκούσαντες ἁπλῶς «πνεῦμα,» ὑπονοήσητε εἶναι τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον; Ἐξῃρήσθωσαν δὲ τοῦ Λόγου νῦν οἵτινες ἤδη λαβόντες, πάλιν ὀνομάζονται, καὶ ὅσοι, προμαθόντες περὶ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος, ὕστερον ὡς ἐν ἐπαναλήψει καὶ ὑπομνήσει, καὶ μόνον λεγομένου «τοῦ πνεύματος,» οὐκ ἀγνοοῦσι περὶ τίνος ἀκούουσι· καὶ μάλιστα, ὅτι καὶ οὕτω μετὰ τοῦ ἄρθρου λέγεται. Καὶ ὅλως ἄνευ τοῦ ἄρθρου, ἢ τῆς προειρημένης προσθήκης, οὐκ ἂν εἴη σημαινόμενον τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον· οἷά ἐστιν ἃ γράφει Παῦλος τοῖς Γαλάταις· «Τοῦτο μόνον θέλω μαθεῖν ἀφ' ὑμῶν, ἐξ ἔργων νόμου τὸ Πνεῦμα ἐλάβετε, ἢ ἐξ ἀκοῆς πίστεως;» Ποῖον δὲ ἦσαν λαβόντες ἢ τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, τὸ διδόμενον τοῖς πιστεύουσι καὶ ἀναγεννωμένοις διὰ λουτροῦ πα λιγγενεσίας; Καὶ Θεσσαλονικεῦσι δὲ γράφων· «Τὸ Πνεῦμα μὴ σβέννυτε·» εἰδόσι καὶ αὐτοῖς ὅπερ ἔλαβον ἔλεγεν, ἵνα μὴ σβέσωσιν ἐξ ἀμελείας τὴν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἀναφθεῖσαν τοῦ Πνεύματος χάριν. Ἐν δὲ τοῖς Εὐαγγελίοις περὶ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἀνθρωπίνως διὰ τὴν σάρκα ἣν προσέλαβεν, ἐὰν λέγωσιν οἱ εὐαγγελισταὶ, «Ἰησοῦς δὲ, πλήρης Πνεύματος ὢν, ὑπέστρεψεν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰορδάνου·» καὶ τὸ, «Τότε ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀνήχθη ὑπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματος εἰς τὴν ἔρημον·» τὸν αὐτὸν ἔχει νοῦν. Προείρητο γὰρ ὑπὸ τοῦ Λουκᾶ· «Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῷ βαπτισθῆναι ἅπαντα τὸν λαὸν, καὶ Ἰησοῦ βαπτισθέντος, καὶ προσευχομένου, ἀνεωθῆναι τὸν οὐρανὸν, καὶ καταβῆναι τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον σωματικῷ εἴδει, ὡσεὶ περιστερὰν, ἐπ' αὐτόν.» Καὶ δῆλον ἦν, ὅτι, λεγομένου τοῦ Πνεύματος, τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἦν σημαινόμενον. Οὕτω μὲν οὖν παρ' οἷς ἐστι τὸ Πνεῦ μα τὸ ἅγιον κἂν μόνον τὸ Πνεῦμα λέγηται χωρὶς τῆς ἐπ' αὐτῷ προσθήκης, οὐκ ἀμφίβολον, ὅτι τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον σημαίνεται, ἔχον μάλιστα τὸ ἄρθρον.