9. ‘But’, say they, ‘since the text makes mention of Christ, to be consistent we must take the spirit it speaks of to be none other than the Holy Spirit.’ So you observed that the Holy Spirit is named together with Christ! But when did you find him distinguished in nature and separated from the Son, that, while you say that Christ is not a creature, you say that the Holy Spirit is a creature? It is absurd to name together things which are by nature unlike. For what community or what likeness is there between creature and Creator? At this rate you will number and join together with the Son, as well as with the Spirit, the creatures originated through his agency. It would therefore be satisfactory, as we have said, to understand what is written of the spirit of the winds. But since you plead the fact that Christ is mentioned in the text, we shall have to look at the passage carefully, lest haply we find a more suitable interpretation of this spirit which is said to be created. What is meant by ‘declare unto men his Christ’ but that he himself becomes man? It is equivalent to the saying, ‘Behold a virgin shall conceive and bear a Son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel’, and the other references to his coming. But if it is .the incarnate presence of the Word that is declared, what spirit must we understand to be created, but the spirit of man which is recreated and renewed? For this God promised by Ezekiel, saying: ‘A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you; and I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you a heart of flesh, and I will put my Spirit within you.’ When has this been fulfilled, save when the Lord came and renewed all things by grace? See how in this text too the distinction between spirits is made clear. Our spirit is renewed; but the Holy Spirit is not simply spirit, but God says it is his Spirit, whereby ours is renewed. As the Psalmist says in the one hundred and third Psalm: ‘Thou shalt take away their spirit, and they shall die and return to their dust. Thou shalt put forth thy Spirit, and they shall be created, and thou shalt renew the face of the earth.’ But if it is by the Spirit of God that we are renewed, then the spirit here said to be created is not the Holy Spirit but our spirit. And if, because all things come into being through the Word, you think correctly that the Son is not a creature: then is it not blasphemy for you to say that the Spirit is a creature, in whom the Father, through the Word, perfects and renews all things? And if, because of the simple statement that spirit is created, they have imagined that this means the Holy Spirit, let them know that the Holy Spirit is not created, but that it is our spirit which is renewed in him. Of this spirit David also prayed in the Psalm: ‘Create in me a clean heart, O God, and renew a right spirit within me.’ Here he is said to create it, but aforetime, as Zechariah says, he formed it: ‘Stretching forth the heavens and laying the foundations of the earth, and forming the spirit of man within him.’ For when that which he formed aforetime had fallen he remade it, coming himself in the creature, when the Word became flesh; so that, in the words of the Apostle, ‘He might create in himself of the twain one new man, who after God had been created in righteousness and holiness of truth’. For it was not as if another man had been created, other than he who from the beginning was made in God’s image. But he was counselling them to receive the mind that was remade and renewed in Christ; as is once more made clear through Ezekiel, when he says: ‘Make yourselves a new heart and a new spirit. For why will ye die, O house of Israel? For I have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth, saith the Lord God.’

Ἀλλ' ἐπείπερ Χριστοῦ, φησὶ, μνημονεύει τὸ Λόγιον, ἀκολούθως καὶ τὸ λεγόμενον πνεῦμα οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἢ τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον χρὴ νοεῖν. Εἶτα τὸ μὲν συνονομάζεσθαι τῷ Χριστῷ τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἐθεωρήσατε· τὸ δὲ διαιρεῖν αὐτὸ τῇ φύσει, καὶ ἀπο ξενίζειν ἀπὸ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ποῦ κατενοήσατε, ὅτι τὸν μὲν Χριστὸν λέγετε μὴ εἶναι κτίσμα, τὸ δὲ ἅγιον Πνεῦμα κτίσμα λέγετε; Καὶ ἄτοπόν ἐστι τὰ ἀνόμοια τῇ φύσει συνονομάζειν, καὶ συνδοξάζειν. Ποία γὰρ κοινωνία, ἢ ποία ὁμοιότης τῷ κτίσματι πρὸς τὸν κτίστην; Ἐπεὶ ὥρα ὑμᾶς καὶ τῷ Υἱῷ συναριθμεῖν καὶ συνάπτειν τὰ δι' αὐτοῦ γενόμενα κτίσματα. Ἤρκει μὲν οὖν περὶ πνεύματος ἀνέμων νοεῖν τὸ γε γραμμένον, ὥσπερ εἴρηται· ἐπειδὴ δὲ προφασίζεσθε τὴν ἐν τῷ ῥητῷ περὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ μνήμην, ἀναγκαῖον ἰδεῖν ἀκριβῶς τὸ λεγόμενον, μὴ ἄρα καὶ περὶ τοῦ λε γομένου κτίζεσθαι πνεύματος οἰκειοτέραν εὕρωμεν τὴν διάνοιαν. Τί τοίνυν ἐστὶ τὸ ἀπαγγέλλειν εἰς ἀν θρώπους τὸν Χριστὸν αὐτοῦ, ἢ τὸ γίνεσθαι αὐτὸν ἄνθρωπον, καὶ ἴσον εἶναι τοῦτο τῷ φάναι· «Ἰδοὺ ἡ παρθένος ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει, καὶ τέξεται υἱόν· καὶ καλέσουσι τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἐμμανουήλ·» καὶ τὰ ἄλλα, ὅσα περὶ τῆς ἐπιδημίας αὐτοῦ γέγραπται; τῆς δὲ ἐνσάρκου παρουσίας ἀπαγγελλομένης περὶ τοῦ Λόγου, ποῖον χρὴ πνεῦμα κτιζόμενον νοεῖν, εἰ μὴ τὸ ἀνακτιζόμενον τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἀνακαινιζόμενον πνεῦμα; Τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ διὰ Ἰεζεκιὴλ ἐπεγγείλατο ὁ Θεὸς λέγων· «Καὶ δώσω ὑμῖν καρδίαν καινὴν, καὶ πνεῦμα καινὸν δώσω ὑμῖν· καὶ ἀφελῶ τὴν καρδίαν τὴν λιθίνην ἐκ τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν· καὶ δώσω ὑμῖν καρ δίαν σαρκίνην· καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμά μου δώσω ἐν ὑμῖν.» Πότε δὴ τοῦτο πεπλήρωται, εἰ μὴ ὅτε παραγενόμενος ὁ Κύριος ἀνεκαίνισε τὰ πάντα τῇ χάριτι; Ἰδοὺ γὰρ καὶ ἐν τῷ ῥητῷ τούτῳ ἡ διαφορὰ τῶν πνευμά των δείκνυται· καὶ τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα τὸ ἡμῶν ἀνακαι νιζόμενόν ἐστι· τὸ δὲ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον οὐχ ἁπλῶς πνεῦμα, ἀλλ' ἑαυτοῦ φησιν αὐτὸ εἶναι ὁ Θεὸς, ἐν ᾧ καὶ τὰ ἡμῶν ἀνακαινίζεται· ὡς καὶ ὁ ψάλλων ἐν τῷ ἑκατοστῷ καὶ τρίτῳ ψαλμῷ λέγει· «Ἀντανελεῖς τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐκλείψουσι, καὶ εἰς τὸν χοῦν αὐτῶν ἐπιστρέψουσιν. Ἐξαποστελεῖς τὸ Πνεῦμά σου, καὶ κτισθήσονται, καὶ ἀνακαινιεῖς τὸ πρόσωπον τῆς γῆς.» Εἰ δὲ ἐν τῷ Πνεύματι τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀνακαινιζόμεθα· οὐκ ἄρα τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιόν ἐστι τὸ νῦν λεγόμενον πνεῦμα κτίζεσθαι, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἡμέτερον. Καὶ εἴπερ, διὰ τὸ πάντα γενέσθαι διὰ τοῦ Λόγου, φρονεῖτε καλῶς μὴ εἶναι κτίσμα τὸν Υἱόν· πῶς οὐ βλάσφημόν ἐστι λέγειν ὑμᾶς κτίσμα τὸ Πνεῦμα, ἐν ᾧ τὰ πάντα ὁ Πατὴρ διὰ τοῦ Λόγου τελειοῖ καὶ ἀνακαινίζει; Καὶ εἰ, διὰ τὸ γεγράφθαι ἁπλῶς πνεῦμα κτίζεσθαι, ἀν επλάσαντο ἑαυτοῖς εἶναι τοῦτο τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον· πεισθῆναι λοιπὸν ὀφείλουσιν, ὅτι μὴ τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιόν ἐστι τὸ κτιζόμενον, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἡμέτερόν ἐστι τὸ ἐν αὐτῷ ἀνακαινιζόμενον· περὶ οὗ καὶ ὁ ∆α βὶδ ηὔχετο ψάλλων· «Καρδίαν καθαρὰν κτίσον ἐν ἐμοὶ, ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ πνεῦμα εὐθὲς ἐγκαίνισον ἐν τοῖς ἐγκάτοις μου.» Ὧδε μὲν γὰρ λέγεται κτίζειν· πρότερον δὲ ἔπλασεν, ὁ Ζαχαρίας φησίν· «Ἐκτείνων τὸν οὐρανὸν, καὶ θεμελιῶν τὴν γῆν, καὶ πλάσσων πνεῦμα ἀνθρώπου ἐν αὐτῷ·» ὃ γὰρ πρότερον ἔπλασε, τοῦτο πεπτωκὸς ἀνέκτισε, γενόμενος αὐτὸς ἐν τῷ κτίσματι, ὅτε ὁ Λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο, «ἵνα,» ὡς ὁ Ἀπόστολος εἶπε, «τοὺς δύο κτίσῃ εἰς ἕνα καινὸν ἄνθρωπον, τὸν κατὰ Θεὸν κτισθέντα ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ὁσιότητι τῆς ἀληθείας.» Οὐ γὰρ ὡς ἑτέρου δη μιουργηθέντος παρὰ τὸν ἐξ ἀρχῆς κατ' εἰκόνα γενόμενον ἄνθρωπον ἔλεγεν· ἀλλὰ τὸν ἐν Χριστῷ κτισθέντα καὶ ἀνακαινισθέντα νοῦν συνεβούλευεν ἀναλαβεῖν· ὅπερ καὶ διὰ Ἰεζεκιὴλ πάλιν δηλοῦται, λέγοντος αὐτοῦ· «Ποιήσατε ἑαυτοῖς καρδίαν καινὴν καὶ πνεῦμα καινόν· καὶ ἵνα τί ἀποθνήσκετε, οἶκος Ἰσραήλ; ∆ιότι οὐ θέλω τὸν θάνατον τοῦ ἀποθνήσκον τος, λέγει Ἀδωναῒ Κύριος.»