14. What will they say if they hear also the Lord saying: ‘There was in a certain place a judge who feared not God and regarded not man’? Because, after God, he spoke of man, is the Son that man whom the unjust judge did not regard? Or because after God he spoke of man, does the Son take third place, after man, and the Holy Spirit fourth? What if they hear the Apostle saying once again in the same epistle: ‘I charge thee in the sight of God who quickeneth all things, and of Jesus Christ who before Pontius Pilate witnessed the good confession, that thou keep the commandment without spot, without reproach’? Because he here says nothing about angels and Spirit, are they in doubt concerning the Spirit, whether he exists, and concerning the angels, whether they exist? Yes, they are in doubt, until practice has made them perfect in this evil-speaking against the Spirit If they hear Scripture saying in the book of Exodus, ‘And the people feared the Lord, and believed in God and in Moses, his servant’, are they going to include Moses with God and think only of Moses, and not of the Son, as coming after God? What if they hear also the patriarch Jacob blessing Joseph and saying: ‘The God who hath nourished me from my youth unto this day, the angel who hath delivered me from all evil, bless these lads’? Because after God he mentions an angel, is the angel before the Son, or is the Son included among the angels? Yes ! Once again, they will think so, for their heart is corrupted! But the Apostolic faith is not thus, nor can a Christian endure these things for a moment. For the holy and blessed Triad is indivisible and one in itself. When mention is made of the Father, there is included also his Word, and the Spirit who is in the Son. If the Son is named, the Father is in the Son, and the Spirit is not outside the Word. For there is from the Father one grace which is fulfilled through the Son in the Holy Spirit; and there is one divine nature, and one God ‘who is over all and through all and in all’. Thus Paul also, when he said, ‘I charge thee before God and Jesus Christ’, realized that the Spirit had not been divided from the Son, but was himself in Christ, as the Son is in the Father. But with them he appropriately introduced the elect angels; so that the disciple to whom he was speaking a charge should obey his teacher’s injunctions, inasmuch as the guardians were there to witness what was said. For the disciple knew, not only that what is spoken from God is said through Christ in the Spirit, but also that the angels minister to our affairs, overseeing the deeds of each one. Or perhaps he here invokes angels to witness, because of those who always look upon ‘the face of the Father who is in heaven’, for the sake of the little ones in the Church; that the disciple, recognizing the people’s guardians, should not neglect the injunctions of the Apostle.

Τί δ' ἂν εἴποιεν, ἐὰν ἀκούσουσι καὶ τοῦ Κυρίου λέγοντος· «Κριτής τις ἦν ἔν τινι χώρᾳ, τὸν Θεὸν μὴ φοβούμενος, καὶ ἄνθρωπον μὴ ἐντρεπόμενος.» Ἆρα, ἐπειδὴ μετὰ τὸν Θεὸν ὠνόμασεν ἄνθρωπον, ὁ Υἱός ἐστιν οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ὃν οὐκ ἐν ετράπη ὁ ἄδικος κριτής; Ἢ ἐπειδὴ μετὰ τὸν Θεὸν ὠνόμασε τὸν ἄνθρωπον, τρίτος ἐστὶν ὁ Υἱὸς μετὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον, καὶ τέταρτον τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον; Τί δὲ ἄρα, ἐὰν καὶ τοῦ Ἀποστόλου ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ ἐπιστολῇ πάλιν λέγοντος ἀκούσωσι· «Παραγγέλλω σοι ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζωογονοῦντος τὰ πάντα, καὶ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τοῦ μαρτυρήσαντος ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πιλάτου, τὴν καλὴν ὁμολογίαν, τηρῆσαί σε τὴν ἐντολὴν ἄσπιλον, ἀνεπίληπτον;» Ἆρα οὖν, ἐπειδὴ σεσιώπηκε νῦν περὶ ἀγγέλων καὶ Πνεύματος, ἀμφιβάλλουσι περὶ Πνεύματος, εἰ ἔστι, καὶ περὶ ἀγγέλων, εἴ εἰσι; Ναὶ ἀμφιβάλλουσιν ἕως τοιαῦτα δυσφημεῖν περὶ τοῦ Πνεύματος μεμελετήκασιν. Ἐὰν δὲ ἀκούσωσι τῆς Γραφῆς λεγούσης ἐν τῇ Ἐξόδῳ, «Ἐφοβήθη δὲ ὁ λαὸς τὸν Κύριον, καὶ ἐπίστευσαν τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ Μωσῇ, τῷ θεραπόντι αὐτοῦ,» ἆρα συναριθμήσουσι τῷ Θεῷ τὸν Μωσῆν, καὶ μετὰ τὸν Θεὸν οὐ νοήσουσι τὸν Υἱὸν, ἀλλὰ μόνον τὸν Μωσῆν; Τί δὲ, ἐὰν ἀκούσωσι καὶ τοῦ πατριάρχου Ἰακὼβ εὐλογοῦντος τὸν Ἰωσὴφ καὶ λέγοντος· «Ὁ Θεὸς ὁ τρέφων με ἐκ νεότητός μου ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης· ὁ ἄγγελος ὁ ῥυόμενός με ἐκ πάντων τῶν κακῶν εὐλογήσαι τὰ παιδία ταῦτα»; Ἆρα, ἐπειδὴ μετὰ τὸν Θεὸν ὠνόμασεν ἄγγελον, πρῶτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄγγελος τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ἢ ἀγγέλοις συναριθμεῖται ὁ Υἱός; Ναὶ, πάλιν οὕτω νοήσουσι, διεφθαρμένην ἔχοντες τὴν καρδίαν. Ἀλλ' οὐχ ἡ ἀποστολικὴ πίστις ἐστὶ τοιαύτη, οὐδ' ὅλως Χριστιανὸς ἀνάσχοιτο ἂν τούτων. Ἡ γὰρ ἁγία καὶ μακαρία Τριὰς, ἀδιαίρετος καὶ ἡνωμένη πρὸς ἑαυτήν ἐστι· καὶ λεγομένου τοῦ Πατρὸς, πρόσεστι καὶ ὁ τούτου Λόγος καὶ τὸ ἐν τῷ Υἱῷ Πνεῦμα. Ἐὰν δὲ καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ὀνομάζηται, ἐν τῷ Υἱῷ ἐστιν ὁ Πατὴρ, καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκτὸς τοῦ Λόγου. Μία γάρ ἐστιν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρὸς χάρις δι' Υἱοῦ ἐν Πνεύματι ἁγίῳ πληρουμένη· καὶ μία θεότης ἐστὶ, καὶ εἷς Θεός ἐστιν ὁ ἐπὶ πάντων, καὶ διὰ πάντων, καὶ ἐν πᾶσιν. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος, εἰρηκὼς, «∆ιαμαρτύρομαι ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ,» ἐγίνωσκεν, ὅτι οὐ διῃρεῖτο τοῦ Υἱοῦ τὸ Πνεῦμα, ἀλλ' ἐν Χριστῷ ἦν καὶ αὐτὸ, ὥσπερ ὁ Υἱὸς ἐν τῷ Πατρί· τοὺς δὲ ἐκλεκτοὺς ἀγγέλους συνεπήγαγεν εἰκότως, ἵνα, ἐπειδὴ διαμαρτυρία ἦν τῷ μαθητῇ λεγομένη, γινώσκων, ὡς τὰ μὲν λεγόμενα παρὰ Θεοῦ διὰ Χριστοῦ ἐν Πνεύματι λελάληται, οἱ δὲ ἄγγελοι δια κονοῦσι τὰ παρ' ἡμῶν, ἐπισκοποῦντες τὰς ἑκάστου πράξεις, φυλάξῃ τὰς τοῦ διδασκάλου παραινέσεις, ὡς ἔχων τοὺς ἐφορῶντας τῶν λεγομένων μάρτυρας. Ἣ τάχα καὶ διὰ τοὺς διὰ παντὸς θεωροῦντας τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ Πατρὸς, τοῦ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, δια μαρτύρεται νῦν ἀγγέλους, ἕνεκάγε τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ μικρῶν, ἵνα, γινώσκων ὁ μαθητὴς τοὺς κηδεμόνας τῶν λαῶν, μὴ ἀμελήσῃ τῶν παραινέσεων τοῦ Ἀποστόλου.