Basil of Caesarea, Letters

No one, I feel sure, is more distressed at the present condition, or, rather to speak more truly, ill condition of the Churches than your excellency; for you compare the present with the past, and take into account how great a change has come about. You are well aware that if no check is put to the swift deterioration which we are witnessing, there will soon be nothing to prevent the complete transformation of the Churches. And if the decay of the Churches seems so pitiful to me, what must—so I have often in my lonely musings reflected—be the feelings of one who has known, by experience, the old tranquillity of the Churches of the Lord, and their one mind about the faith? But as your excellency feels most deeply this distress, it seems to me only becoming that your wisdom should be more strongly moved to interest itself in the Church’s behalf. I for my part have long been aware, so far as my moderate intelligence has been able to judge of current events, that the one way of safety for the Churches of the East lies in their having the sympathy of the bishops of the West. For if only those bishops liked to show the same energy on behalf of the Christians sojourning in our part of the world502 ὑπὲρ τῆς παροικίας τῶν καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς μερῶν. On the use of παροικία in this sense, cf. Bp. Lightfoot, Ap. Fathers I. ii. 5. So Apollon. in Eus., H.E. v. 18. ἡ ἱδία παροικία, of the Christian society. Thus the meaning passes to parochia and parish. which they have shewn in the case of one or two of the men convicted of breaches of orthodoxy in the West, our common interests would probably reap no small benefit, our sovereigns treating the authority of the people with respect, and the laity in all quarters unhesitatingly following them.503 “Them” is referred by the Ben. Ed. not to the sovereigns (τῶν κρατούντων they understand to mean Valens) but to the Western bishops. But, to carry out these objects, who has more capacity than yourself, with your intelligence and prudence? Who is keener to see the needful course to be taken? Who has more practical experience in working a profitable policy? Who feels more deeply the troubles of the brethren? What through all the West is more honoured than your venerable gray hairs?504 A various reading (“Tres mss. et secunda manu Medicœus,” Ben. Ed.) for πολιᾶς reads πολιτείας “the life and conversation of your Holiness.”—Athanasius was now about 75. His death is placed in 373. O most honoured father, leave behind you some memorial worthy of your life and character. By this one act crown your innumerable efforts on behalf of true religion. Despatch from the holy Church placed under your care men of ability in sound doctrine to the bishops in the West. Recount to them the troubles whereby we are beset. Suggest some mode of relief. Be a Samuel to the Churches. Share the grief of the beleaguered people. Offer prayers for peace. Ask favour from the Lord, that He will send some memorial of peace to the Churches. I know how weak letters are to move men in matters of such importance; but you yourself no more need exhortation from others than the noblest athletes need the children’s cheers. It is not as though I were instructing one in ignorance; I am only giving a new impulse to one whose energies are already roused. For the rest of the affairs of the East perhaps you may need the aid of more, and we must wait for the Westerns. But plainly the discipline of the Church of Antioch depends upon your reverence’s being able to control some, to reduce others to silence, and to restore strength to the Church by concord.505 To end the schism caused by the refusal of the Eustathian or old Catholic party to recognise Meletius as bishop of the whole orthodox body. The churches of the West and Egypt, on the whole, supported Paulinus, who had been ordained by Lucifer of Cagliari, bishop of the old Catholics. The Ben. Ed. supposes the word οἰκονομῆσαι, which I have rendered “control,” to refer to Paulinus. The East supported Meletius, and if the οἰκονομία in Basil’s mind does refer to Paulinus, the “management” meant may be management to get rid of him. No one knows better than you do, that, like all wise physicians, you ought to begin your treatment in the most vital parts, and what part is more vital to the Churches throughout the world than Antioch? Only let Antioch be restored to harmony, and nothing will stand in the way of her supplying, as a healthy head, soundness to all the body. Truly the diseases of that city, which has not only been cut asunder by heretics, but is torn in pieces by men who say that they are of one mind with one another, stand in need of your wisdom and evangelic sympathy. To unite the sundered parts again, and bring about the harmony of one body, belongs to Him alone Who by His ineffable power grants even to the dry bones to come back again to sinews and flesh. But the Lord always works His mighty works by means of them that are worthy of Him. Once again, in this case too, we trust that the ministry of matters so important may beseem your excellency, with the result that you will lay the tempest of the people, do away with the party superiorities, and subject all to one another in love, and give back to the Church her ancient strength.

ΑΘΑΝΑΣΙῼ ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠῼ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΙΑΣ

[1] Οὐδένα τοσοῦτον ἡγοῦμαι λυπεῖν τὴν παροῦσαν τῶν Ἐκκλησιῶν κατάστασιν, μᾶλλον δὲ σύγχυσιν, εἰπεῖν ἀληθέστερον, ὅσον τὴν σὴν τιμιότητα συγκρίνοντα μὲν τοῖς ἀρχαίοις τανῦν καὶ παρὰ πόσον ταῦτα ἐκείνων ἐξήλλακται λογιζόμενον καὶ ὅτι, εἰ κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν ὁρμὴν ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον ὑπορρέοι τὰ πράγματα, οὐδὲν ἔσται τὸ κωλύον εἴσω ὀλίγου χρόνου πρὸς ἄλλο τι σχῆμα παντελῶς μεθαρμοσθῆναι τὰς Ἐκκλησίας. Ταῦτα πολλάκις ἐπ' ἐμαυτοῦ γενόμενος διενοήθην, ὅτι, εἰ ἡμῖν οὕτως ἐλεεινὴ τῶν Ἐκκλησιῶν ἡ παρατροπὴ καταφαίνεται, ποίαν τινὰ εἰκὸς ἔχειν ἐπὶ τούτοις ψυχὴν τὸν τῆς ἀρχαίας εὐσταθείας καὶ ὁμονοίας περὶ τὴν πίστιν τῶν Ἐκκλησιῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ πεπειραμένον; Ἀλλ' ὥσπερ τὸ πολὺ τῆς λύπης τὴν σὴν τελειότητα περιίσταται, οὕτως ἡγούμεθα προσήκειν καὶ τῆς ὑπὲρ τῶν Ἐκκλησιῶν μερίμνης τὸ πλέον τῇ σῇ διαφέρειν φρονήσει. Πάλαι οἶδα καὶ αὐτός, κατὰ τὴν ἐνυπάρχουσάν μοι μετρίως τῶν πραγμάτων κατάληψιν, μίαν ἐπιγνοὺς ὁδὸν βοηθείας ταῖς καθ' ἡμᾶς Ἐκκλησίαις, τὴν παρὰ τῶν δυτικῶν ἐπισκόπων σύμπνοιαν. Εἰ γὰρ βουληθεῖεν ὃν ἀνέλαβον ὑπὲρ ἑνὸς ἢ δύο τῶν κατὰ τὴν Δύσιν ἐπὶ κακοδοξίᾳ φωραθέντων ζῆλον, τοῦτον καὶ ὑπὲρ τῆς παροικίας τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς μερῶν ἐπιδείξασθαι, τάχα ἄν τι γένοιτο τοῖς κοινοῖς ὄφελος, τῶν τε κρατούντων τὸ ἀξιόπιστον τοῦ πλήθους δυσωπουμένων καὶ τῶν ἑκασταχοῦ λαῶν ἀκολουθούντων αὐτοῖς ἀναντιρρήτως. Τίς οὖν ταῦτα διαπράξασθαι τῆς σῆς συνέσεως δυνατώτερος; Τίς συνιδεῖν τὸ δέον ὀξύτερος; Τίς ἐνεργῆσαι τὰ χρήσιμα πρακτικώτερος; Τίς πρὸς τὴν καταπόνησιν τῶν ἀδελφῶν συμπαθέστερος; Τίς τῆς σεμνοτάτης σου πολιᾶς πάσῃ τῇ Δύσει αἰδεσιμώτερος; Κατάλιπέ τι μνημόσυνον τῷ βίῳ τῆς σῆς ἐπάξιον πολιτείας, τιμιώτατε Πάτερ. Τοὺς μυρίους ἐκείνους ὑπὲρ τῆς εὐσεβείας ἄθλους ἑνὶ τούτῳ κατακόσμησον ἔργῳ. Ἔκπεμψόν τινας ἐκ τῆς ἁγίας ὑπὸ σὲ Ἐκκλησίας ἄνδρας δυνατοὺς ἐν τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ πρὸς τοὺς κατὰ τὴν Δύσιν ἐπισκόπους, διήγησαι αὐτοῖς τὰς κατασχούσας ἡμᾶς συμφοράς, ὑπόθου τρόπον ἀντιλήψεως, γενοῦ Σαμουὴλ ταῖς Ἐκκλησίαις, πολεμουμένοις τοῖς λαοῖς συγκακοπάθησον, ἀνένεγκε εἰρηνικὰς προσευχάς, αἴτησον χάριν παρὰ τοῦ Κυρίου εἰρήνης τι μνημόσυνον ἐναφεῖναι ταῖς Ἐκκλησίαις. Οἶδα ὅτι ἀσθενεῖς αἱ ἐπιστολαὶ πρὸς συμβουλὴν τοσούτου πράγματος. Ἀλλ' οὔτε αὐτὸς τῆς παρ' ἑτέρων παρακλήσεως χρῄζεις, οὐ μᾶλλόν γε ἢ τῶν ἀγωνιστῶν οἱ γενναιότατοι τῆς παρὰ τῶν παίδων ὑποφωνήσεως, οὔτε ἡμεῖς ἀγνοοῦντα διδάσκομεν, ἀλλ' ἐσπουδακότι τὴν ὁρμὴν ἐπιτείνομεν.

[2] Πρὸς μὲν οὖν τὰ λοιπὰ τῆς Ἀνατολῆς ἴσως σοι καὶ πλειόνων συνεργίας προσδεῖ καὶ ἀνάγκη ἀναμένειν τοὺς ἐκ τῆς Δύσεως. Ἡ μέντοι τῆς κατὰ τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν Ἐκκλησίας εὐταξία προδήλως τῆς σῆς ἤρτηται θεοσεβείας, ὥστε τοὺς μὲν οἰκονομῆσαι, τοὺς δὲ καθησυχάσαι, ἀποδοῦναι δὲ τὴν ἰσχὺν τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ διὰ τῆς συμφωνίας. Καὶ γὰρ ὅτι ὀφείλεις, κατὰ τοὺς σοφωτάτους τῶν ἰατρῶν, τῆς ἐπιμελείας ἐκ τῶν καιριωτάτων ἄρχεσθαι, παντὸς ἀκριβέστερον αὐτὸς ἐπίστασαι. Τί δ' ἂν γένοιτο ταῖς κατὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην Ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Ἀντιοχείας ἐπικαιριώτερον; Ἣν εἰ συνέβη πρὸς ὁμόνοιαν ἐπανελθεῖν, οὐδὲν ἐκώλυεν, ὥσπερ κεφαλὴν ἐρρωμένην, παντὶ τῷ σώματι ἐπιχορηγεῖν τὴν ὑγείαν. Τῷ ὄντι δὲ τῆς σῆς δεῖται σοφίας καὶ εὐαγγελικῆς συμπαθείας τὰ ἐκείνης τῆς πόλεως ἀρρωστήματα: ἥ γε οὐχ ὑπὸ τῶν αἱρετικῶν διατέτμηται μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν τὰ αὐτὰ φρονεῖν ἀλλήλοις λεγόντων διασπᾶται. Ταῦτα δὲ ἑνῶσαι καὶ εἰς μίαν σώματος συναγαγεῖν ἁρμονίαν Ἐκείνου μόνου ἐστὶ τοῦ καὶ τοῖς ξηροῖς ὀστέοις τὴν εἰς νεῦρα καὶ σάρκα πάλιν ἐπάνοδον τῇ ἀφάτῳ αὐτοῦ δυνάμει χαριζομένου. Πάντως δὲ τὰ μεγάλα ὁ Κύριος διὰ τῶν ἀξίων ἑαυτοῦ ἐνεργεῖ. Πάλιν οὖν καὶ ἐνταῦθα τῇ σῇ μεγαλοφυΐᾳ πρέπειν τὴν τῶν τηλικούτων διακονίαν ἐλπίζομεν, ὥστε καταστορέσαι μὲν τοῦ λαοῦ τὸν τάραχον, παῦσαι δὲ τὰς μερικὰς προστασίας, ὑποτάξαι δὲ πάντας ἀλλήλοις ἐν ἀγάπῃ καὶ τὴν ἀρχαίαν ἰσχὺν ἀποδοῦναι τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ.