Letter CCCXXXIV.

To a writer.

Write straight, and make the lines straight.  Do not let your hand go too high or too low.  Avoid forcing the pen to travel slantwise, like Æsop’s crab.  Advance straight on, as if following the line of the carpenter’s rule, which always preserves exactitude and prevents any irregularity.  The oblique is ungraceful.  It is the straight which pleases the eye, and does not allow the reader’s eyes to go nodding up and down like a swing-beam.  This has been my fate in reading your writing.  As the lines lie ladderwise, I was obliged, when I had to go from one to another, to mount up to the end of the last:  then, when no connexion was to be found, I had to go back, and seek for the right order again, retreating and following the furrow,1529    Of the use of this word to indicate the lines in mss., cf. Aristoph., Thesm. 782, and Anth., Pal. vi. 82. like Theseus in the story following Ariadne’s thread.1530    i.e. in the Labyrinth of Crete.   Ope virginea, nullis iterata priorum,   Janua difficilis filo est inventa relecto.   Ov., Metam. viii. 172.  Write straight, and do not confuse our mind by your slanting and irregular writing.

ΠΡΟΣ ΚΑΛΛΙΓΡΑΦΟΝ

[1] Ὀρθὰ γράφε καὶ χρῶ τοῖς στίχοις ὀρθῶς καὶ μήτε ἐωρείσθω πρὸς ὕψος ἡ χεὶρ μήτε φερέσθω κατὰ κρημνῶν. Μηδὲ βιάζου τὸν κάλαμον λοξὰ βαδίζειν ὥσπερ τὸν παρ' Αἰσώπῳ καρκίνον, ἀλλ' εὐθὺ χώρει ὥσπερ ἐπὶ στάθμης βαδίζων τεκτονικῆς ἣ πανταχοῦ φυλάττει τὸ ἴσον καὶ πᾶν ἀναιρεῖ τὸ ἀνώμαλον. Τὸ γὰρ λοξὸν ἀπρεπές, τὸ δὲ εὐθὺ τερπνὸν τοῖς ὁρῶσιν οὐκ ἐῶν ἀνανεύειν καὶ κατανεύειν, ὥσπερ τὰ κηλώνεια, τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τῶν ἀναγινωσκόντων, ὁποῖόν τι κἀμοὶ συμβέβηκε τοῖς γράμμασιν ἐντυχόντι τοῖς σοῖς. Τῶν γὰρ στίχων κειμένων κλιμακηδόν, ἡνίκα ἔδει μεταβαίνειν ἐφ' ἕτερον ἀφ' ἑτέρου, ἀνάγκη ἦν ἐξορθοῦν πρὸς τὸ τέλος τοῦ προσιόντος. Ἐν ᾧ μηδαμοῦ φαινομένης τῆς ἀκολουθίας ἀνατρέχειν ἔδει πάλιν καὶ τὴν τάξιν ἐπιζητεῖν ἀναποδίζοντα καὶ παρεπόμενον τῷ αὔλακι, καθάπερ τὸν Θησέα τῷ μίτῳ τῆς Ἀριάδνης φασί. Γράφε τοίνυν ὀρθῶς καὶ μὴ πλάνα τὸν νοῦν τῷ πλαγίῳ καὶ λοξῷ τῶν γραφομένων.