Homily IV.

2 Timothy ii. 1–7

“Thou therefore, my son, be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus. And the things that thou hast heard of me among many witnesses, the same commit thou to faithful men, who shall be able to teach others also. Thou therefore endure hardness, as a good soldier of Jesus Christ. No man that warreth entangleth himself with the affairs of this life; that he may please him who hath chosen him to be a soldier. And if a man also strive for masteries, yet is he not crowned, except he strive lawfully. The husbandman that laboreth must be first partaker of the fruits. Consider what I say; and the Lord give thee understanding in all things.”

The young sailor at sea is inspired with great confidence, if the Master of the ship has been preserved in a shipwreck. For he will not consider that it is from his inexperience that he is exposed to the storm, but from the nature of things; and this has no little effect upon his mind. In war also the Captain, who sees his General wounded and recovered again, is much encouraged. And thus it produces some consolation to the faithful, that the Apostle should have been exposed to great sufferings, and not rendered weak by the utmost of them. And had it not been so, he would not have related his sufferings. For when Timothy heard, that he who possessed so great powers, who had conquered the whole world, is a prisoner, and afflicted, yet is not impatient, nor discontented upon the desertion of his friends; he, if ever exposed to the same sufferings himself, would not consider that it proceeded from human weakness, nor from the circumstance of his being a disciple, and inferior to Paul, since his teacher too suffered the like, but that all this happened from the natural course of things. For Paul himself did this,41    So B. Sav. “these things,” but with a mark of authority for omitting “did these things, and.” and related what had befallen him, that he might strengthen Timothy, and renew his courage. And he shows that it was for this reason he mentioned his trials and afflictions, in that he has added, “Thou, therefore, my son, be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus.” What sayest thou? Thou hast shaken us with terrors, thou hast told us that thou art in chains, in afflictions, that all have forsaken thee, and, as if thou hadst said thou hadst not suffered anything, nor been abandoned by any, thou addest, “Thou therefore, my son, be strong”?—And justly too. For these things were to thy strengthening more than to his.42    So Edd., but B. has ἐκεῖνα for ἐκεῖνον, “more than the other,” and Old Lat. paraphrases it, “more than if I had suffered nothing.” For if I, Paul, endure these things, much more oughtest thou to bear them. If the master, much more the disciple. And this exhortation he introduces with much affection, calling him “son,” and not only so, but “my son.” If thou art a son, he means, imitate thy father. If thou art a son, be strong in consideration of the things which I have said, or rather be strong, not merely from what I have told you, but “of God.” “Be strong,” he says, “in the grace that is in Christ Jesus”; that is, “through the grace of Christ.” That is, stand firmly. Thou knowest the battle. For elsewhere he says, “We wrestle not against flesh and blood.” (Eph. vi. 12.) And this he says not to depress but to excite them. Be sober therefore, he means, and watch, have the grace of the Lord coöperating with thee, and aiding thee in thy contest, contribute thy own part with much alacrity and resolution. “And the things that thou hast heard of me among many witnesses, the same commit thou to faithful men”; to “faithful” men, not to questioners nor to reasoners, to “faithful.” How faithful? Such as betray not the Gospel they should preach. “The things which thou hast heard,” not which thou hast searched out. For “faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of God.” (Rom. x. 17.) But wherefore, “among many witnesses”? As if he had said: Thou hast not heard in secret, nor apart, but in the presence of many, with all openness of speech. Nor does he say, Tell, but “commit,” as a treasure committed is deposited in safety. Again he alarms his disciple, both from things above and things below. But he says not only “commit to faithful men”; for of what advantage is it that one is faithful, if he is not able to convey his doctrine to others? when he does not indeed betray the faith; but does not render others faithful? The teacher therefore ought to have two qualities, to be both faithful, and apt to teach; wherefore he says, “who shall be able to teach others also.”

“Thou therefore endure hardness as a good soldier of Jesus Christ.” Oh, how great a dignity is this, to be a soldier of Jesus Christ! Observe the kings on earth, how great an honor it is esteemed to serve under them. If therefore the soldier of the king ought to endure hardness, not to endure hardness is not the part of any soldier. So that it behooves thee not to complain, if thou endurest hardness, for that is the part of a soldier; but to complain, if thou dost not endure hardness.

“No man that warreth entangleth himself with the affairs of this life, that he may please him who hath chosen him to be a soldier. And if a man also strive for masteries, yet is he not crowned except he strive lawfully.”

These things are said indeed to Timothy, but through him they are addressed to every teacher and disciple. Let no one therefore of those who hold the office of a Bishop disdain to hear these things, but let him be ashamed not to do them. “If any one strive for masteries,” he says, “he is not crowned, except he strive lawfully.” What is meant by “lawfully”? It is not enough that he enters into the lists, that he is anointed, and even engages, unless he comply with all the laws of the exercise, with respect to diet, to temperance and sobriety, and all the rules of the wrestling school, unless, in short, he go through all that is befitting for a wrestler,43    See Hom. iii. on Stat. he is not crowned. And observe the wisdom of Paul. He mentions wrestlers and soldiers, the one to prepare him for slaughter and blood, the other with reference to endurance, that he might bear everything with fortitude, and be ever in exercise.

“The husbandman that laboreth must be first partaker of the fruits.”

He had first spoken from his own example as a teacher. He now speaks from those that are more common, as wrestlers and soldiers, and in their case he sets before him the rewards. First, that he may please him who hath chosen him to be a soldier; secondly, that he may be crowned; now he proposes a third example that more particularly suits himself. For the instance of the soldier and the wrestler corresponds to those who are under rule, but that of the husbandman to the Teacher. (Strive) not as a soldier or a wrestler only, but as a husbandman too. The husbandman takes care not of himself alone, but of the fruits of the earth. That is, no little reward of his labors is enjoyed by the husbandman.

Here he both shows, that to God nothing is wanting, and that there is a reward for Teaching, which he shows by a common instance. As the husbandman, he says, does not labor without profit, but enjoys before others the fruits of his own toils, so is it fit that the teacher should do: either he means this, or he is speaking of the honor to be paid to teachers, but this is less consistent. For why does he not say the husbandman simply, but him “that laboreth”? not only that worketh, but that is worn with toil? And here with reference to the delay of reward, that no one may be impatient, he says, thou reapest the fruit already, or there is a reward in the labor itself. When therefore he has set before him the examples of soldiers, of wrestlers, and husbandmen, and all figuratively, “No one,” he says, “is crowned except he strive lawfully.” And having observed that “the husbandman who laboreth must first be partaker of the fruits,” he adds,

“Consider what I say, and the Lord give thee understanding in all things.”

It is on this account that he has spoken these things in proverb and parable. Then again to show his affectionate disposition, he ceases not to pray for him, as fearing for his own son, and he says,

Ver. 8, 9. “Remember that Jesus Christ, of the seed of David, was raised from the dead, according to my Gospel. Wherein I suffer trouble as an evil-doer, even unto bonds.”

On what account is this mentioned? It is directed chiefly against the heretics, at the same time to encourage Timothy, by showing the advantage of sufferings, since Christ, our Master, Himself overcame death by suffering. Remember this, he says, and thou wilt have sufficient comfort. “Remember that Jesus Christ, of the seed of David, was raised from the dead.” For upon that point many had already begun to subvert the dispensation, being ashamed at the immensity of God’s love to mankind. For of such a nature are the benefits which God has conferred upon us, that men were ashamed to ascribe them to God, and could not believe He had so far condescended. “According to my Gospel.” Thus he everywhere speaks in his Epistles, saying “according to my Gospel,”44    As Rom. ii. 16; xvi. 25. Other phrases to the same purpose occur. 1 Cor. xv. 1; 1 Tim. i. 11, &c. either because they were bound to believe him, or because there were some who preached “another Gospel.” (Gal. i. 6.)

“Wherein I suffer trouble,” he says, “as an evil-doer, even unto bonds.” Again he introduces consolation and encouragement from himself, and he prepares45    Lit. “oils.” his hearer’s mind with these two things; first, that he should know him to endure hardness; and, secondly, that he did not so but for a useful purpose, for in this case he will gain, in the other will even suffer harm. For what advantage is it, that you can show that a Teacher has exposed himself to hardship, but not for any useful purpose? But if it is for any benefit, if for the profit of those who are taught, then it is worthy of admiration.46    B. and Sav. mar. read this passage differently, and Old Lat. differently from them; no one of the readings seems right, unless perhaps this.

“But the word of God is not bound.” That is, if we were soldiers of this world, and waged an earthly warfare, the chains that confine our hands would avail. But now God has made us such that nothing can subdue us. For our hands are bound, but not our tongue, since nothing can bind the tongue but cowardice and unbelief alone; and where these are not, though you fasten chains upon us, the preaching of the Gospel is not bound. If indeed you bind a husbandman, you prevent his sowing, for he sows with his hand: but if you bind a Teacher, you hinder not the word, for it is sown with his tongue, not with his hand. Our word therefore is not subjected to bonds. For though we are bound, that is free, and runs its course. How? Because though bound, behold, we preach. This is for the encouragement of those that are free. For if we that are bound preach, much more does it behoove you that are loose to do so. You have heard that I suffer these things, as an evil-doer. Be not dejected. For it is a great wonder, that being bound I do the work of those that are free, that being bound I overcome all, that being bound I prevail over those that bound me. For it is the word of God, not ours. Human chains cannot bind the word of God. “These things I suffer on account of the elect.”

Ver. 10. “Therefore I endure all things,” he says, “for the elect’s sake, that they may also obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus with eternal glory.”

Behold another incentive. I endure these things, he says, not for myself, but for the salvation of others. It was in my power to have lived free from danger; to have suffered none of these things, if I had consulted my own interest. On what account then do I suffer these things? For the good of others, that others may obtain eternal life. What then dost thou promise thyself? He has not said, simply on account of these particular persons; but “for the elect’s sake.” If God has chosen them, it becomes us to suffer everything for their sakes. “That they also may obtain salvation.” By saying, “they also,” he means, as well as we. For God hath chosen us also; and as God suffered for our sakes, so should we suffer for their sakes. Thus it is a matter of retribution, not of favor. On the part of God it was grace, for He having received no previous benefit, hath done us good: but on our parts it is retribution, we having previously received benefits from God, suffer for these, for whom we suffer, in order “that they may obtain salvation.” What sayest thou? What salvation? Art thou who wast not the author of salvation to thyself, but wast destroying thyself, art thou the author of salvation to others? Surely not, and therefore he adds, “salvation that is in Christ Jesus”; that which is truly salvation, “with eternal glory.” Present things are afflictive, but they are but on earth. Present things are ignominious, but they are temporary. They are full of bitterness and pain; but they last only to-day and to-morrow.

Such is not the nature of the good things, they are eternal, they are in heaven. That is true glory, this is dishonor.

Moral. For observe, I pray, beloved, that is not glory which is on earth, the true glory is in heaven. But if any one would be glorified, let him be dishonored. If he would obtain rest, let him suffer affliction. If any one would be forever illustrious, would enjoy pleasure, let him despise temporal things. And that dishonor is glory, and glory dishonor, let us now set before us to the best of our power, that we may see what is real glory. It is not possible to be glorified upon earth; if thou wouldest be glorified, it must be through dishonor. And let us prove this in the examples of two persons, Nero and Paul. The one had the glory of this world, the other the dishonor. How? The first was a tyrant, had obtained great success, had raised many trophies, had wealth ever flowing in, numerous armies everywhere; he had the greater part of the world and the imperial city subject to his sway, the whole senate crouching to him, and his palace too47    One suspects the stops. Read, “and the palace itself, He walked in splendid attire.” was advancing with splendid show. When he must be armed, he went forth arrayed in gold and precious stones. When he was to sit still in peace, he sat clothed in robes of purple. He was surrounded by numerous guards and attendants. He was called Lord of land and sea, Emperor,48    Αὐτοκράτωρ. Augustus, Cæsar, King, and other such high-sounding names as implied49    Gr. “devised,” whence it seems that “flattery,” &c. should be in the nominative. flattery and courtship; and nothing was wanting that might tend to glory. Even wise men and potentates and sovereigns trembled at him. For beside all this, he was said to be a cruel and violent man. He even wished to be thought a god, and he despised both all the idols, and the very God Who is over all. He was worshiped as a god. What greater glory than this? Or rather what greater dishonor? For—I know not how—my tongue is carried away by the force of truth, and passes sentence before judgment. Meanwhile let us examine the matter according to the opinion of the multitude, and of unbelievers, and the estimation of flattery.

What is greater in the common estimation of glory than to be reputed a god? It is indeed a great disgrace that any human being should be so mad, but for the present let us consider the matter according to the opinion of the multitude. Nothing then was wanting to him, that contributes to human glory, but he was worshiped by all as a god. Now in opposition to him, let us consider Paul. He was a Cilician, and the difference between Rome and Cilicia, all know. He was a tent-maker, a poor man, unskilled in the wisdom of those without, knowing only the Hebrew tongue, a language despised by all, especially by the Italians. For they do not so much despise the barbarian, the Greek, or any other tongue as the Syriac, and this has affinity with the Hebrew. Nor wonder at this, for if they despised the Greek, which is so admirable and beautiful, much more the Hebrew. He was a man that often lived in hunger, often went to bed without food, a man that was naked, and had not clothes to put on; “in cold, and nakedness,” as he says of himself. (1 Cor. xi. 27.) Nor was this all; but he was cast into prison at the command of Nero himself, and confined with robbers, with impostors, with grave-breakers, with murderers, and he was, as he himself says, scourged as a malefactor. Who then is the more illustrious? The name of the one the greater part have never heard of. The other is daily celebrated by Greeks, and Barbarians, and Scythians, and those who inhabit the extremities of the earth.

But let us not yet consider what is the case now, but even at that time who was the more illustrious, who the more glorious, he that was in chains, and dragged bound from prison, or he that was clothed in a purple robe, and walked forth from a palace? The prisoner certainly. For the other, who had armies at his command, and sat arrayed in purple, was not able to do what he would. But the prisoner, that was like a malefactor, and in mean attire, could do everything with more authority. How? The one said, “Do not disseminate the word of God.” The other said, “I cannot forbear; ‘the word of God is not bound.’” Thus the Cilician, the prisoner, the poor tent-maker, who lived in hunger, despised the Roman, rich as he was, and emperor, and ruling over all, who enriched so many thousands; and with all his armies he availed nothing. Who then was illustrious? who venerable? He that in chains was a conqueror, or he that in a purple robe was conquered? He that standing below, smote, or he that sitting above, was smitten? He that commanded and was despised, or he who was commanded and made no account of the commands? He who being alone was victorious, or he who with numerous armies was defeated? The king therefore so came off, that his prisoner triumphed over him. Tell me then on whose side you would be? For do not look to what comes afterwards, but to what was then their state. Would you be on the side of Nero, or of Paul? I speak not according to the estimate of faith, for that is manifest; but according to the estimate of glory, and reverence, and preëminence. Any man of right understanding would say, on the side of Paul. For if to conquer is more illustrious than to be conquered, he is more glorious. And this is not yet much, that he conquered, but that being in so mean a state he conquered one in so exalted a condition. For I say, and will not cease to repeat it, though bound with a chain, yet he smote him that was invested with a diadem.

Such is the power of Christ. The chain surpassed the kingly crown, and this apparel was shown more brilliant than that. Clothed in filthy rags, as the inhabitant of a prison, he turned all eyes upon the chains that hung on him, rather than on the purple robe. He stood on earth bound down and stooping low, and all left the tyrant mounted on a golden chariot to gaze on him. And well they might. For it was customary to see a king with white horses, but it was a strange and unwonted sight to behold a prisoner conversing with a king with as much confidence as a king would converse with a pitiful and wretched slave. The surrounding multitude were all slaves of the king, yet they admired not their lord, but him who was superior to their lord. And he before whom all feared and trembled, was trampled upon by one solitary man. See then how great was the brightness of these very chains!

And what need to mention what followed after these things? The tomb of the one is nowhere to be seen; but the other lies in the royal city itself, in greater splendor than any king, even there where he conquered, where he raised his trophy. If mention is made of the one, it is with reproach, even among his kindred, for he is said to have been profligate. But the memory of the other is everywhere accompanied with a good report, not among50    B. reads παρ᾽ for γὰρ, as the sense requires. Perhaps οἰκείων (rendered “kindred” just before) may mean “fellow-idolaters.” us only, but among his enemies. For when truth shines forth, it puts to shame even one’s enemies, and if they admire him not for his faith, yet they admire him for his boldness and his manly freedom. The one is proclaimed by all mouths, as one that is crowned, the other is loaded with reproaches and accusations. Which then is the real splendor?

And yet I am but praising the lion for his talons, when I ought to be speaking of his real honors. And what are these? Those in the heavens. How will he come in a shining vesture with the King of Heaven! How will Nero stand then, mournful and dejected! And if what I say seems to thee incredible and ridiculous, thou art ridiculous for deriding that which is no subject for laughter. For if thou disbelievest the future, be convinced from what is past. The season for being crowned is not yet come, and yet how great honor has the combatant gained! What honor then will he not obtain, when the Distributor of the prizes shall come! He was among foreigners, “a stranger and a sojourner” (Heb. xi. 13.), and thus is he admired: what good will he not enjoy, when he is amongst his own? Now “our life is hid with Christ in God” (Col. iii. 3.); yet he who is dead worketh more and is more honored than the living. When that our life shall come, what will he not participate? What will he not attain?

On this account God made him enjoy these honors, not because he wanted them. For if when in the body he despised popular glory, much more will he despise it now that he is delivered from the body. Nor only on this account has He caused him to enjoy honor, but that those who disbelieve the future may be convinced from the present. I say that when the Resurrection shall be, Paul will come with the King of Heaven, and will enjoy infinite blessings. But the unbeliever will not be convinced. Let him believe then from the present. The tent-maker is more illustrious, more honored than the king. No emperor of Rome ever enjoyed so great honor. The emperor is cast out, and lies, no one knows where. The tent-maker occupies the midst of the city, as if he were a king, and living. From these things believe, even with respect to the future. If he enjoys so great honor here, where he was persecuted and banished, what will he not be when he shall come hereafter? If when he was a tent-maker, he was so illustrious, what will he be when he shall come rivaling the beams of the sun? If in so much meanness he overcame such magnificence, to whom, at his coming, will he not be superior? Can we avoid the conclusion? Who is not moved by the fact, that a tent-maker became more honorable than the most honored of kings? If here things happen so beyond the course of nature, much more will it be so hereafter. If thou wilt not believe the future, O man, believe the present. If thou wilt not believe invisible things, believe things that are seen: or rather believe things which are seen, for so thou wilt believe things which are invisible. But if thou wilt not, we may fitly say with the Apostle, “We are pure from your blood” (Acts xx. 26.): for we have testified to you of all things, and have left out nothing that we should have said. Blame yourselves therefore, and to yourselves51    Such must be the meaning, though the construction seems to require filling up. The change of tense may be rhetorical. will ye impute the punishment of Hell. But let us, my beloved children, be imitators of Paul, not in his faith only, but in his life, that we may attain to heavenly glory, and trample upon that glory that is here. Let not any things present attract us. Let us despise visible things, that we may obtain heavenly things, or rather may52    B. “rather we shall.” through these obtain the others, but let it be our aim preeminently to obtain those, of which God grant that we may be all accounted worthy, through the grace and lovingkindness, &c.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Δʹ. Σὺ οὖν, τέκνον μου, ἐνδυναμοῦ ἐν τῇ χάριτι τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, καὶ ἃ ἤκουσας παρ' ἐμοῦ διὰ πολλῶν μαρτύρων, ταῦτα παράθου πιστοῖς ἀνθρώποις, οἵτινες ἱκανοὶ ἔσονται καὶ ἑτέρους διδάξαι. Σὺ οὖν κακοπάθησον, ὡς καλὸς στρα τιώτης Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Οὐδεὶς στρατευόμενος ἐμπλέκεται ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματείαις, ἵνα τῷ στρατολογήσαντι ἀρέσῃ. Ἐὰν δὲ καὶ ἀθλῇ τις, οὐ στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλή σῃ. Τὸν κοπιῶντα γεωργὸν δεῖ πρῶτον τῶν καρπῶν μεταλαμβάνειν. Νόει ἃ λέγω: δῴη γάρ σοι ὁ Κύριος σύνεσιν ἐν πᾶσι. αʹ. Φέρει μὲν ἐν θαλάσσῃ πολὺ τὸ θάρσος τῷ μαθητῇ τὸ τὸν διδάσκαλον ἐν ναυαγίῳ γενέσθαι καὶ διασωθῆναι: οὐ γὰρ ἡγήσεται λοιπὸν ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκείας ἀμαθίας συμπίπτειν τοὺς χειμῶνας, ἀλλὰ ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν πραγμάτων φύσεως: τοῦτο δὲ εἰς ψυχαγωγίαν οὐ μικρόν. Φέρει δὲ καὶ ἐν πολέμοις τῷ ταξιάρχῃ προτροπὴν τὸ τὸν στρατηγὸν τρωθέντα ὁρᾷν, καὶ ἀνενεγκόντα πάλιν. Οὕτω δὴ καὶ τοῖς πιστοῖς φέρει τινὰ παραμυθίαν, τὸ τὸν Ἀπόστολον πολλὰ παθεῖν δεινὰ, καὶ ὑπ' οὐδενὸς τούτων καταμαλακισθῆναι: οὐ γὰρ ἂν, εἰ μὴ τοῦτο ἦν, τὰ αὐτοῦ πάθη διηγεῖτο. Ὁ γὰρ Τιμόθεος ἀκούων, ὅτι ὁ τοσαῦτα δυνάμενος καὶ πάσης τῆς οἰκουμένης κρατήσας, ἐν δεσμοῖς ἐστι καὶ ἐν θλίψεσι, καὶ οὐκ ἀσχάλλει οὐδὲ δυσχεραίνει ὑπὸ τῶν οἰκείων ἐγκαταλειφθεὶς, εἰ καὶ αὐτὸς τὰ αὐτὰ ἔπαθεν, οὐκ ἂν ἡγήσατο ἀνθρωπίνης τὸ πρᾶγμα εἶναι ἀσθενείας, οὐδὲ διὰ τὸ μαθητὴς εἶναι καὶ ἐλάττων τοῦ Παύλου, ὅπου γε καὶ ὁ διδάσκαλος ταῦτα ἔπαθεν, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν τοῦ πράγματος φύσιν ταῦτα πάντα συμβεβηκέναι. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸς ταῦτα εἰργάσατο, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ταῦτα διηγεῖται, ἵνα αὐτὸν ῥώσῃ καὶ ἀνακτήσηται. Ὅτι γοῦν τούτου ἕνεκεν τοῦτο ἐποίει, διηγησάμενος αὐτοῦ τὰς θλίψεις καὶ τοὺς πειρασμοὺς, ἐπήγαγε: Σὺ οὖν τέκνον μου, ἐνδυναμοῦ ἐν τῇ χάριτι τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ. Τί λέγεις; κατέσεισας ἡμᾶς τῷ φόβῳ, εἶπες ὅτι δέδεσαι, ὅτι ἐν θλίψει εἶ, ὅτι πάντες σε ἀπεστράφησαν: καὶ ὥσπερ εἰρηκὼς, ὅτι οὐδὲν πέπονθας δεινὸν, οὐδὲ ὑπό τινων ἐγκατελείφθης, οὕτως ἐπάγεις, Σὺ οὖν, τέκνον μου, ἐνδυναμοῦ; Εἰκότως: ὅτι ταῦτα σὲ μᾶλλον ἐνεδυνάμωσεν, ἢ ἐκεῖνον. Εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ Παῦλος ταῦτα πάσχω, πολλῷ μᾶλλον σὺ ταῦτα φέρειν ὀφείλεις: εἰ ὁ διδάσκαλος, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὁ μαθητής. Καὶ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς φιλοστοργίας τὴν παραίνεσιν προσάγει, τέκνον αὐτὸν καλῶν, καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλὰ, Τέκνον ἐμόν. Εἰ τέκνον εἶ, φησὶ, τὸν πατέρα μιμοῦ: εἰ τέκνον εἶ, ἐνδυναμοῦ οἷς εἶπον: μᾶλλον δὲ οὐκ ἀπὸ τῶν διηγημάτων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ: Ἐνδυναμοῦ γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐν τῇ χάριτι τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ: τουτέστι, διὰ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Τουτέστι, Στῆθι γενναίως, οἶδας τὴν παράταξιν. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ λέγων, Οὐκ ἔστιν ἡμῖν ἡ πάλη πρὸς αἷμα καὶ σάρκα, οὐχὶ καταβάλλων αὐτοὺς λέγει, ἀλλὰ διεγείρων. Οὐκοῦν νῆφε, φησὶ, γρηγόρει, ἔχε τὴν χάριν τοῦ Κυρίου συμμαχοῦσαν καὶ συναγωνιζομένην, πολλῇ τῇ προθυμίᾳ καὶ τῇ προαιρέσει τὰ παρὰ σεαυτοῦ εἴσφερε. Καὶ ἃ ἤκουσας παρ' ἐμοῦ διὰ πολλῶν μαρτύρων, ταῦτα παράθου πιστοῖς ἀνθρώποις. _Πιστοῖς, οὐ ζητητικοῖς, οὐ συλλογιστικοῖς. Πιστοῖς: ποίοις; Τοῖς μὴ προδιδοῦσι τὸ κήρυγμα. Ἃ ἤκουσας, οὐχ ἃ συνεζήτησας: Ἡ πίστις γὰρ ἐξ ἀκοῆς, ἡ δὲ ἀκοὴ διὰ ῥήματος Θεοῦ. Τί ἐστι, Διὰ πολλῶν μαρτύρων; Ὡς ἂν εἰ ἔλεγεν, Οὐ λάθρα ἤκουσας οὐδὲ κρυφῇ, ἀλλὰ πολλῶν παρόντων, μετὰ παῤῥησίας. Οὐκ εἶπεν, Εἰπὲ, ἀλλὰ, Παράθου, καθάπερ ἐπὶ θησαυροῦ τὸ παρατιθέμενον ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ παρακατατίθεται. Πάλιν φοβεῖ τὸν μαθητὴν καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἄνω καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν κάτω. Ἀλλ' οὐ πιστοῖς μόνον λέγει, Παράθου: τί γὰρ ὄφελος, ὅταν πιστὸς μὲν ᾖ, μὴ δύνηται δὲ εἰς ἑτέρους ἐξάγειν τὴν διδασκαλίαν; ὅταν αὐτὸς μὲν μὴ προδῷ τὴν πίστιν, ἑτέρους δὲ μὴ κατασκευάζῃ τοιούτους; Δύο τοίνυν ἔχειν χρὴ τὸν διδάσκαλον, καὶ πιστὸν εἶναι, καὶ διδακτικόν. Διὰ τοῦτό φησιν, Οἵτινες ἱκανοὶ ἔσονται καὶ ἑτέρους διδάξαι. Σὺ οὖν κακοπάθησον ὡς καλὸς στρατιώτης Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Βαβαὶ, πόσον τὸ ἀξίωμα, στρατιώτην εἶναι τοῦ Χριστοῦ! Τοὺς βασιλεῖς ἐννόησον τοὺς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, πῶς μέγα τι εἶναι νομίζουσιν οἱ ὑπ' αὐτοὺς στρατευόμενοι. Εἰ τοίνυν τὸ κακοπαθεῖν βασιλικοῦ στρατιώτου, τὸ μὴ κακοπαθεῖν οὐκ ἔστι στρατιώτου. Ὥστε οὐ χρὴ δυσχεραίνειν, εἰ κακοπαθεῖς: τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι στρατιώτου: ἀλλὰ δυσχεραίνειν, εἰ μὴ κακοπαθοίης. Οὐδεὶς στρατευόμενος ἐμπλέκεται ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματείαις, ἵνα τῷ στρατολογήσαντι ἀρέσῃ. Ἐὰν δὲ καὶ ἀθλῇ τις, οὐ στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ. Ταῦτα εἴρηται μὲν πρὸς Τιμόθεον, λέγεται δὲ πρὸς πάντα καὶ διδάσκαλον καὶ μαθητὴν δι' ἐκείνου. Μηδεὶς τοίνυν ἀπαξιούτω τῶν τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν ἐχόντων ταῦτα ἀκούων, ἀλλ' ἀπαξιούτω μὴ ταῦτα πράττων. Ἐὰν ἀθλῇ τις, φησὶν, οὐ στεφανοῦται ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ. Τί ἐστιν, Ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως; Οὐκ, ἐὰν εἰς τὸν ἀγῶνα εἰσέλθῃ, ἀρκεῖ τοῦτο, οὐδὲ ἐὰν ἀλείψηται, οὐδὲ ἐὰν συμπλακῇ, ἀλλὰ ἂν μὴ πάντα τὸν τῆς ἀθλήσεως νόμον φυλάττῃ, καὶ τὸν ἐπὶ σιτίων, καὶ τὸν ἐπὶ σωφροσύνης καὶ σεμνότητος, καὶ τὸν ἐν παλαίστρᾳ, καὶ πάντα ἁπλῶς διέλθῃ τὰ τοῖς ἀθληταῖς προσήκοντα, οὐδέποτε στεφανοῦται. Καὶ ὅρα τοῦ Παύλου τὴν σοφίαν: ἀθλήσεως καὶ στρατιωτῶν ἐμνήσθη, τὸ μὲν, ὥστε ἕτοιμον εἶναι πρὸς σφαγὰς καὶ φόνους καὶ αἵματα, τὸ δὲ καρτερικὸν, ἵνα πάντα γενναίως φέρῃ, ἵνα διαπαντὸς ἐν ἀσκήσει ᾖ. Τὸν κοπιῶντα γεωργὸν, φησὶ, δεῖ πρῶτον τῶν καρπῶν μεταλαμβάνειν. Εἶπεν ἀπὸ τῶν αὐτοῦ παραδειγμάτων, εἶπεν ἀπὸ τοῦ διδασκάλου: λέγει λοιπὸν καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν κοινῇ συμβαινόντων, τῶν ἀθλητῶν, τῶν στρατιωτῶν: καὶ τίθησιν ἐκεῖ τὰ ἔπαθλα, τὸ μὲν, Ἵνα ἀρέσῃ τῷ στρατολογήσαντι: τὸ δὲ, Ἵνα στεφανωθῇ. Καὶ λέγει καὶ τρίτον ὑπόδειγμα, ὃ μάλιστα αὐτῷ ἁρμόζει: τὸ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ στρατιώτου καὶ τὸ τοῦ ἀθλητοῦ καὶ τοῖς ἀρχομένοις κατάλληλον, τὸ δὲ τοῦ γεωργοῦ λοιπὸν τῷ διδασκάλῳ. Μὴ ὡς στρατιώτης, μηδὲ ὡς ἀθλητὴς μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὡς γεωργός. Ὁ γεωργὸς οὐχ ἑαυτοῦ ἐπιμελεῖται μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν καρπῶν τῆς γῆς: τουτέστιν, οὐ μικρὰν ἀμοιβὴν τῶν πόνων καρποῦται καὶ ὁ γεωργός. βʹ. Ἐνταῦθα καὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ τὸ ἀνενδεὲς δείκνυσι, καὶ τὴν ἀντίδοσιν τῆς διδασκαλίας, πρᾶγμα εἰπὼν κοινόν. Ὥσπερ, φησὶν, ὁ γεωργὸς οὐκ ἀνόνητα πονεῖ, ἀλλὰ πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων αὐτὸς ἀπολαύει τῶν πόνων τῶν οἰκείων, οὕτω καὶ τὸν διδάσκαλον εἰκός. Ἢ τοῦτο, ἢ περὶ τοῦ τιμᾶσθαι τοὺς διδασκάλους φησίν. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔχει λόγον: πῶς γὰρ οὐχ ἁπλῶς γεωργὸν εἶπεν, ἀλλὰ τὸν κοπιῶντα; οὐδὲ ἁπλῶς τὸν κάμνοντα, ἀλλὰ τὸν κοπτόμενον; Ἐνταῦθα καὶ πρὸς τὴν μέλλησιν ἵνα μηδεὶς δυσχεραίνῃ, Ἤδη, φησὶν, ἀπολαμβάνεις: ἢ ὅτι ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ κόπῳ ἡ ἀντίδοσις. Ἐπεὶ οὖν τὰ παραδείγματα ἔθηκε τὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν, καὶ ἀθλητῶν, καὶ γεωργῶν, καὶ πάντα ἁπλῶς αἰνιγματωδῶς, Οὐδεὶς, φησὶ, στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ. Καὶ εἰπὼν, Τὸν κοπιῶντα γεωργὸν δεῖ πρῶτον τῶν καρπῶν μεταλαμβάνειν, ἐπήγαγε: Νόει ὃ λέγω: δῴη γάρ σοι ὁ Θεὸς σύνεσιν ἐν πᾶσι. Τούτων γὰρ ἕνεκεν ταῦτα εἴρηται ἐν παροιμίᾳ καὶ παραβολῇ. Εἶτα πάλιν τὸ φιλόστοργον αὐτοῦ δεικνὺς, οὐ παύεται ἐπευχόμενος αὐτῷ, ἅτε ὡς ὑπὲρ γνησίου τέκνου δεδοικὼς, καί φησι: Μνημόνευε Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐγηγερμένον ἐκ νεκρῶν, ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυῒδ, κατὰ τὸ Εὐαγγέλιόν μου, ἐν ᾧ κακοπαθῶ μέχρι δεσμῶν, ὡς κακοῦργος. Τίνος ἕνεκεν ἐνταῦθα τούτου μέμνηται; Μάλιστα μὲν οὖν καὶ πρὸς τοὺς αἱρετικοὺς ἀποτεινόμενος, ἅμα δὲ καὶ ἀνακτώμενος αὐτὸν, καὶ δεικνὺς τῶν παθημάτων τὸ κέρδος, ὅτι καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ διδάσκαλος ἡμῶν ὁ Χριστὸς διὰ πάθους τὸν θάνατον κατηγωνίσατο. Τοῦτο μνημόνευε, φησὶ, καὶ ἕξεις παράκλησιν ἱκανήν. Μνημόνευε, φησὶ, Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐγηγερμένον ἐκ νεκρῶν, ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυΐδ. Ἤδη γὰρ ἐξ ἐκείνου ἤρξαντό τινες τὴν οἰκονομίαν ἀνατρέπειν, ἐπαισχυνόμενοι τῷ μεγέθει τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ φιλανθρωπίας. Τοιαῦτα γὰρ ἦν ἃ εὐηργέτησεν ἡμᾶς ὁ Θεὸς, ὡς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους αἰσχύνεσθαι περιάπτειν αὐτὰ τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ ἀπιστεῖν ὅτι τοσοῦτον κατέβη. Κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου, φησί. Πανταχοῦ τοῦτο τίθησι τῶν ἐπιστολῶν λέγων, Κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου, ἢ ἐπειδὴ αὐτῷ πείθεσθαι ἐχρῆν, ἢ ἐπειδὴ καὶ ἕτεροι ἦσαν εὐαγγελιζόμενοι ἕτερα. Ἐν ᾧ κακοπαθῶ, φησὶ, μέχρι δεσμῶν, ὡς κακοῦργος. Πάλιν παρ' ἑαυτοῦ τὴν παραμυθίαν εἰσάγει, πάλιν τὴν προτροπήν: καὶ δύο τούτοις τὸν ἀκροατὴν ἀλείφει, τῷ τε εἰδέναι κακοπαθεῖν, καὶ τῷ μὴ ἐπ' οὐδενὶ χρησίμῳ τοῦτο ποιεῖν. Οὕτω μὲν κερδανεῖ, ἐκείνως δὲ καὶ βλαβήσεται. Τί γὰρ ὄφελος, ἐὰν δείξῃς τὸν διδάσκαλον κακοπαθοῦντα μὲν, ἐπ' οὐδενὶ δὲ χρησίμῳ; ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνο θαυμαστὸν, εἰ ἐπί τινι χρησίμῳ εἰ ἐπ' ὠφελείᾳ τῶν διδασκομένων. Ἀλλ' ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται. Τουτέστιν, εἰ μὲν κοσμικοὶ ἦμεν στρατιῶται, φησὶν, ἢ εἰ πόλεμον ἐπολεμοῦμεν αἰσθητὸν, ἴσχυε ταῦτα τὰ δεσμὰ τὰς χεῖρας κατέχοντα: νῦν δὲ τοιούτους ἡμᾶς ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς, ὡς μηδενὶ καταγωνίζεσθαι. Δεσμοῦνται μὲν γὰρ αἱ χεῖρες, ἀλλ' οὐχ ἡ γλῶττα: γλῶτταν γὰρ οὐδεὶς δῆσαι δύναται, ἀλλ' ἢ δειλία μόνον καὶ ἀπιστία: ὡς ἂν ταύτην μὴ ἔχωμεν, κἂν περιβάλῃς δεσμὰ, τὸ κήρυγμα οὐ δέδεται. Οἷον, γεωργόν τις ἐὰν δήσῃ, τὸν σπόρον ἐνεπόδισε: τῇ χειρὶ γὰρ σπείρει: διδάσκαλον ἐὰν δήσῃς, τὸν λόγον οὐκ ἐνεπόδισας: τῇ γλώττῃ γὰρ σπείρει, οὐ τῇ χειρί. Οὐχ ὑποβάλλεται τοίνυν δεσμῷ ὁ λόγος ὁ ἡμέτερος: ἡμῶν γὰρ δεδεμένων, ἐκεῖνος λέλυται καὶ τρέχει. Πῶς; φησίν: Ὅτι ἰδοὺ καὶ δεδεμένοι κηρύττομεν. Τοῦτο εἰς προτροπὴν τῶν λελυμένων: εἰ ἡμεῖς δεδεμένοι κηρύττομεν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὑμᾶς τοὺς λελυμένους τοῦτο ποιεῖν χρή. Ἤκουσας ὅτι ὡς κακοῦργος ταῦτα πάσχω; μὴ κατηφὴς γένῃ. Πολὺ γὰρ τὸ θαῦμα, δεδεμένον ὄντα τὰ τῶν λελυμένων ποιεῖν, δεδεμένον πάντων περιγενέσθαι, δεδεμένον καταγωνίζεσθαι τοὺς δεδεκότας. Θεοῦ γάρ ἐστιν ὁ λόγος, οὐχ ἡμῶν: δεσμὰ δὲ ἀνθρώπινα Θεοῦ λόγον περιβαλεῖν οὐ δυνήσεται. Ταῦτα πάσχω διὰ τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς. Διὰ τοῦτο γὰρ, φησὶ, πάντα πάσχω διὰ τοὺς ἐκλεκτοὺς, ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ σωτηρίας τύχωσι τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, μετὰ δόξης αἰωνίου. Ἰδοὺ καὶ ἄλλη προτροπή: Οὐχ ὑπὲρ ἐμαυτοῦ, φησὶν, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ τῆς ἑτέρων σωτηρίας ταῦτα ὑπομένω. Ἐξὸν ἦν ἀκινδύνως ζῇν, ἐξὸν ἦν μηδὲν τούτων πάσχειν, εἴ γε τὰ ἐμαυτοῦ ἐσκόπουν. Ἀλλὰ διὰ τίνα ταῦτα πάσχω; Ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων ἀγαθῶν, ἵνα ἄλλοι τύχωσι ζωῆς αἰωνίου. Τί οὖν καὶ ἐπαγγέλλῃ; Οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἶπε, Διὰ τούσδε, ἀλλὰ, Διὰ τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς. Εἰ ὁ Θεὸς αὐτοὺς ἐξελέξατο, πάντα ἡμᾶς δεῖ πάσχειν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν, Ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ σωτηρίας τύχωσι. Τὸ εἰπεῖν, Καὶ αὐτοὶ, δεικνύντος ἐστὶ καὶ λέγοντος, ὡς Καὶ ἡμεῖς: καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἡμᾶς ὁ Θεὸς ἐξελέξατο. Καὶ ὥσπερ δι' ἡμᾶς ὁ Θεὸς ἔπαθεν, οὕτω καὶ ἡμεῖς δι' ἐκείνους: ὥστε ἀνταπόδοσίς ἐστι τὸ πρᾶγμα, οὐχὶ χάρις. Ἐπὶ μὲν τοῦ Θεοῦ χάρις ἦν: οὐ γὰρ προευπαθὼν εὐηργέτησεν: ἐπὶ δὲ ἡμῶν ἀντίδοσις: προευπαθόντες ἡμεῖς παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ, πάσχομεν ὑπὲρ τούτων ὧν πάσχομεν, ἵνα σωτηρίας τύχωσι. Τί λέγεις; ποίας σωτηρίας; ὁ σεαυτῷ αἴτιος μὴ ὢν σωτηρίας, ἀλλὰ ἀπολλύμενος, ἑτέρῳ σωτηρίας αἴτιος γίνῃ; Διὰ τοῦτο προσέθηκεν: Οὐ ταύτης, φησὶν, ἀλλὰ Τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, τῆς ὄντως σωτηρίας, μετὰ δόξης αἰωνίου. Ὀδυνηρὰ τὰ παρόντα, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς: κατηφῆ τὰ παρόντα, ἀλλὰ πρόσκαιρα: ἀηδίας μεστὰ καὶ ὀδύνης, ἀλλὰ μέχρι σήμερον καὶ αὔριον μόνον. γʹ. Τὰ μέντοι χρηστὰ οὐ τοιαῦτα, ἀλλ' αἰώνια, ἀλλ' ἐν οὐρανῷ. Ὄντως ἐκείνη δόξα, αὕτη δὲ ἀτιμία. Θέα γάρ μοι, ἀγαπητέ: οὐκ ἔστι δόξα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἀλλ' ἡ ὄντως δόξα ἐν οὐρανοῖς ἐστιν. Εἰ δέ τις δοξάζεσθαι βούλεται, ἀτιμαζέσθω: εἴ τις ἀνέσεως βούλεται τυχεῖν, θλιβέσθω: εἴ τις διαπαντὸς εὐδοκιμεῖν καὶ τρυφᾷν, τὰ πρόσκαιρα διαπτυέτω. Ὅτι δὲ ἡ ἀτιμία δόξα ἐστὶν, ἡ δὲ δόξα ἀτιμία, φέρε, κατὰ δύναμιν τοῦτο παραστήσωμεν, ἵνα τὴν ὄντως δόξαν ἴδωμεν. Οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ γῆς δοξάζεσθαι: εἰ δὲ βούλει δοξάζεσθαι, δι' ἀτιμίας. Καὶ φέρε ἐπὶ τῶν δύο προσώπων τοῦτο ἐξετάσωμεν, ἐπὶ τοῦ Νέρωνος καὶ τοῦ Παύλου. Ἐκεῖνος τὴν δόξαν εἶχε τοῦ κόσμου, οὗτος τὴν ἀτιμίαν. Πῶς; τύραννος ἦν ἐκεῖνος, πολλὰ κατωρθωκὼς, τρόπαια στήσας, πλοῦτον ἔχων ἐπιῤῥέοντα, πανταχόθεν στρατόπεδα ἄπειρα, τὸ πλέον τῆς οἰκουμένης μέρος ὑποτεταγμένον, τὴν βασιλίδα πόλιν ὑποτεταγμένην, τὴν σύγκλητον ἅπασαν ὑποκύπτουσαν, τὰ βασίλεια αὐτὰ ἐν λαμπρῷ τῷ σχήματι προῄει. Εἴτε ὁπλίζεσθαι ἔδει, χρυσῷ καὶ λίθοις τιμίοις ὁπλιζόμενος ἔξεισιν: εἴτε ἐν εἰρήνῃ καθῆσθαι, ἁλουργίδα περικείμενος ἐκάθητο. Πολλοὺς τοὺς δορυφόρους, πολλοὺς τοὺς ὑπασπιστὰς εἶχε: γῆς καὶ θαλάττης δεσπότης ἤκουεν, αὐτοκράτωρ, Αὔγουστος, Καῖσαρ, βασιλεὺς, καὶ πολλὰ ἕτερα ὀνόματα τοιαῦτα, ἅπερ κολακείαν ἐπενόει καὶ θεραπείαν: καὶ οὐδὲν ἐνέλιπεν ὅλως τῶν εἰς δόξαν: ἀλλὰ καὶ σοφοὶ καὶ δυνάσται καὶ βασιλεῖς αὐτὸν ἔτρεμον, καὶ ἐδεδοίκεισαν τὸν ἄνδρα: καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἄλλως ὠμός τις καὶ ἰταμὸς εἶναι ἐλέγετο: οὗτος καὶ θεὸς εἶναι ἐβούλετο, καὶ πάντων κατεφρόνει τῶν εἰδώλων, καὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἐπὶ πάντων Θεοῦ, καὶ ὡς θεὸς ἐθεραπεύετο. Τί ταύτης τῆς δόξης κρεῖττον; μᾶλλον δὲ τί τῆς ἀτιμίας χεῖρον; Ἀλλ' οὐκ οἶδα πῶς ὑπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας προὔδραμε τὸ στόμα, καὶ πρὸ τῆς κρίσεως τὴν ψῆφον ἤνεγκε. Τέως δὲ κατὰ τὴν τῶν πολλῶν ὑπόνοιαν τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐξετάσωμεν, κατὰ τὴν τῶν ἀπίστων, κατὰ τὴν κολακείαν. Τί μεῖζον εἰς λόγον δόξης τοῦ καὶ θεὸν νομισθῆναι αὐτόν; Μεγάλη ὄντως τοῦτο ἀτιμία, τὸ ἄνθρωπον ὄντα τοιαῦτα λυττᾷν: ἀλλὰ τέως κατὰ τὴν τῶν πολλῶν ὑπόνοιαν τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐξετάσωμεν. Οὐδὲν τοίνυν ἐνέλιπεν αὐτῷ εἰς δόξαν τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην, ἀλλὰ ὡς θεὸς παρὰ πάντων ἐθεραπεύετο. Ἀλλὰ ἀντεξετάσωμεν αὐτῷ καὶ τὸν Παῦλον, εἰ δοκεῖ. Κίλιξ ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἦν: ὅσον δὲ Κιλικίας καὶ Ῥώμης τὸ μέσον, πάντες ἴσασι: σκυτοτόμος, πένης, τῆς ἔξωθεν σοφίας ἄπειρος, Ἑβραϊστὶ μόνον εἰδὼς, γλῶτταν διασυρομένην παρὰ πάντων, καὶ μάλιστα παρὰ τῶν Ἰταλῶν. Οὐ γὰρ οὕτω τοὺς τὴν βάρβαρον, οὔτε τὴν Ἑλλάδα, οὔτε ἄλλην τινὰ ἔχοντας γλῶτταν διασύρουσιν, ὡς τὴν Σύρων: αὕτη δὲ πολλὴν ἔχει τὴν κοινωνίαν πρὸς ταύτην. Καὶ μὴ θαυμάσῃς ὅτι ταύτην διέπτυον: εἰ γὰρ τὴν Ἑλλάδα τὴν θαυμαστὴν καὶ καλὴν διαπτύουσι, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τὴν Ἑβραίων. Ἄνθρωπος πολλάκις ἐν λιμῷ ζήσας, καὶ κοιμηθεὶς πεινῶν, ἄνθρωπος γυμνὸς, οὔτε ὅ τι περιβάλοιτο ἔχων. Ἐν ψύχει καὶ γυμνότητι, φησίν. Οὐ ταῦτα δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν δεσμοῖς γεγονώς: μετὰ γὰρ λῃστῶν, μετὰ γοήτων, μετὰ τυμβωρύχων, μετὰ ἀνδροφόνων αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου κελεύσαντος ἐβέβλητο καὶ ἐμαστίζετο ὡς κακοῦργος, ὅπερ οὖν καὶ αὐτός φησι. Τίς οὖν λαμπρότερος; οὐχὶ ἐκείνου μὲν οὐδὲ ὄνομα ἴσασιν οἱ πολλοὶ, τοῦτον δὲ καὶ Ἕλληνες καὶ βάρβαροι καὶ Σκύθαι καὶ οἱ πρὸς αὐτὰ τῆς οἰκουμένης τὰ τέρματα καθ' ἑκάστην ᾄδουσι τὴν ἡμέραν; Ἀλλὰ μήπω τὰ νῦν, ἀλλὰ τὰ τότε ἐξετάσωμεν. Τίς ἦν λαμπρότερος; τίς ἐπιδοξότερος; ὁ τὴν ἅλυσιν περικείμενος, καὶ δεδεμένος ἑλκόμενος ἐκ τοῦ δεσμωτηρίου, ἢ ὁ τὴν ἁλουργίδα περικείμενος, καὶ ἐκ τῶν βασιλείων προϊών; Ὁ δεδεμένος πάντως. Πῶς; Ὅτι ἐκεῖνος μὲν καὶ στρατόπεδα ἔχων, καὶ ἐν λαμπρῷ τῷ σχήματι προκαθήμενος, ἅπερ ἤθελεν οὐκ ἴσχυσεν ἀνύειν: ὁ δὲ δεσμώτης, καὶ ὡς κακοῦργος ἐν εὐτελεῖ σχήματι, αὐθεντικώτερον πάντα ἔπραττε. Πῶς καὶ τίνι τρόπῳ; Ἐκεῖνος ἔλεγε, Μὴ διασπείρῃς τὸν λόγον τῆς εὐσεβείας: οὗτος ἔλεγεν, Οὐκ ἀνέχομαι: οὐδὲ γὰρ δέδεται ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ. Καὶ διέπτυσεν ὁ Κίλιξ, ὁ δεσμώτης, ὁ σκηνοποιὸς, ὁ πένης, ὁ ἐν λιμῷ ζῶν τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς Ῥώμης, τὸν πλούσιον, τὸν βασιλεύοντα, τὸν πάντων κρατοῦντα, τὸν μυρίοις μυρία παρέχοντα: καὶ τοσούτων ὄντων στρατοπέδων, οὐδὲν ἴσχυσε. Τίς ἄρα λαμπρὸς ἦν; τίς σεμνός; ὁ ἐν δεσμοῖς νικῶν, ἢ ὁ ἐν ἁλουργίδι νικώμενος; ὁ κάτω ἑστὼς καὶ βάλλων, ἢ ὁ ἄνω καθήμενος καὶ βαλλόμενος; ὁ ἐπιτάττων καὶ καταφρονούμενος, ἢ ὁ ἐπιταττόμενος καὶ οὐδένα λόγον ἔχων τῶν ἐπιταγμάτων; ὁ μόνος ὢν καὶ περιγινόμενος, ἢ ὁ μετὰ μυρίων στρατοπέδων ἡττώμενος; Ἀπήρχετο οὖν ὁ βασιλεὺς, τοῦ δεσμώτου κατ' αὐτοῦ τρόπαιον στήσαντος. Εἰπὲ οὖν μοι, ποίας ἄν τις ἠβουλήθη μερίδος εἶναι; Μὴ γάρ μοι τὰ μετὰ ταῦτα εἴπῃς, ἀλλὰ τέως ἐκεῖνα ἐξέτασον: ποίας μερίδος ἄν τις ἠθέλησεν εἶναι, τῆς τοῦ Παύλου, ἢ τῆς τοῦ Νέρωνος; οὐ λέγω κατὰ τὸν τῆς πίστεως λόγον: τοῦτο γὰρ δῆλον: ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸν τῆς δόξης καὶ τῆς σεμνότητος καὶ τῆς λαμπρότητος. Εἴ τις εὐγνώμων, τοῦ Παύλου ἔφησεν ἄν. Εἰ γὰρ τὸ νικᾷν τοῦ νικᾶσθαι λαμπρότερον, ἐκεῖνος ἐπίδοξος. Καὶ οὔπω τοῦτο μέγα, ὅτι ἐνίκησεν, ἀλλὰ ὅτι ἐν τοιούτῳ σχήματι τὸν ἐν τοιούτῳ ἐνίκησε. Πάλιν γὰρ ἐρῶ, καὶ οὐ παύσομαι τὰ αὐτὰ λέγων: ἅλυσιν περιέκειτο, καὶ τὸν ἀναδεδεμένον τὸ διάδημα ἔβαλε. δʹ. Τοιαύτη τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἡ δύναμις: ἅλυσις τὸν στέφανον ἐνίκα τὸν βασιλικὸν, καὶ λαμπρότερον τοῦτο ἐκείνου τὸ σχῆμα ἐδείκνυτο: ῥάκια περιέκειτο αὐχμῶντα, ἅτε δεσμωτήριον οἰκῶν, καὶ μᾶλλον τῆς ἁλουργίδος πάντας ἐπέστρεφε πρὸς τὰ περικείμενα αὐτῷ δεσμά: ἐπὶ γῆς εἱστήκει κατεχόμενος καὶ κάτω νεύων, καὶ τὸν ἐπ' ὀχήματος χρυσοῦ ἅπαντες ἀφέντες ἐκείνῳ προσεῖχον: εἰκότως. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ συνηθείας ἦν βασιλέα ἰδεῖν ἐπὶ ζεύγους καθήμενον λευκοῦ: τοῦτο δὲ ξένον καὶ παράδοξον, δεσμώτην ὁρᾷν μετὰ τοσαύτης παῤῥησίας βασιλεῖ διαλεγόμενον, μεθ' ὅσης ὁ βασιλεὺς πρὸς ἀνδράποδον οἰκτρὸν καὶ ταλαίπωρον. Ὄχλος περιειστήκει πολὺς, καὶ δοῦλοι πάντες τοῦ βασιλέως ἦσαν: ἐθαύμαζον δὲ οὐ τὸν δεσπότην τὸν αὑτῶν, ἀλλὰ τὸν νικῶντα τὸν δεσπότην αὐτῶν: καὶ ὃν ἅπαντες ἐδεδοίκεσαν καὶ ἔτρεμον, τοῦτον μόνος ὢν κατεπάτει ἐκεῖνος. Ἴδε ἐν αὐτοῖς τοῖς δεσμοῖς πόση ἡ λαμπρότης. Τί ἄν τις εἴποι τὰ μετὰ ταῦτα; Ἐκείνου μὲν οὐδὲ τὸ μνῆμα δῆλον: οὗτος δὲ πάντων βασιλέων λαμπρότερος ἐν αὐτῇ κεῖται τῇ βασιλίδι, ἔνθα καὶ ἐνίκησεν, ἔνθα καὶ τὸ τρόπαιον ἔστησεν. Ἐκείνου κἂν μνησθῇ τις, μετὰ ψόγου μέμνηται, καὶ τῶν οἰκείων (καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἀσελγὴς λέγεται γεγενῆσθαι): τούτου μετ' εὐφημίας ἡ μνήμη πανταχοῦ: οὐ γὰρ ἡμῖν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ παρὰ τοῖς ἐχθροῖς. Ὅταν γὰρ ἐκλάμπῃ ἡ ἀλήθεια, οὐδὲ οἱ ἐχθροὶ ἀναισχυντεῖν ἔχουσιν: εἰ γὰρ καὶ μὴ τῆς πίστεως ἕνεκεν αὐτὸν θαυμάζουσιν, ἀλλὰ τῆς παῤῥησίας, ἀλλὰ τῆς ἀνδρείας. Οὗτος ἐν τοῖς ἁπάντων στόμασι πανταχοῦ καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν στεφανούμενος ἀνακηρύττεται: ἐκεῖνος δὲ βαλλόμενος ψόγοις καὶ κατηγορίαις. Ποῖα τοίνυν τὰ λαμπρά; Ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἔλαθον ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄνυχος τὸν λέοντα ἐπαινῶν, δέον τὰ ὄντως εἰπεῖν. Τίνα δὲ ταῦτά ἐστι; Τὰ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς: πῶς ἥξει μετὰ τοῦ βασιλέως τῶν οὐρανῶν, μετὰ λαμπροῦ τοῦ σχήματος: πῶς ὁ Νέρων στήσεται τότε κατηφὴς, στυγνός. Εἰ δὲ δοκῶ σοι ἄπιστα λέγειν καὶ καταγέλαστα, σὺ καταγέλαστος εἶ γελῶν τὰ μὴ γέλωτος ἄξια. Εἰ γὰρ ἀπιστεῖς τοῖς μέλλουσιν, ἀπὸ τῶν φθασάντων πίστευσον: οὔπω τῶν στεφάνων ὁ καιρὸς, καὶ τοσαύτης ἀπέλαυσε τιμῆς ὁ ἀθλητής: ὅταν ὁ ἀγωνοθέτης ἔλθοι, πόσης ἀπολαύσεται τιμῆς; Ἐν τοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις ξένος ἦν, ξένος καὶ παρεπίδημος, καὶ οὕτω θαυμάζεται: ὅταν ἐν τοῖς ἰδίοις ᾖ, τίνος οὐκ ἀπολαύσεται ἀγαθοῦ; Νῦν ἡ ζωὴ ἡμῶν κέκρυπται σὺν τῷ Χριστῷ ἐν τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ ὅμως τῶν ζώντων ὁ τεθνηκὼς μᾶλλον ἐνεργεῖ καὶ τιμᾶται: ὅταν ἔλθῃ αὐτὴ ἡ ζωὴ ἡμῶν, τίνος οὐ μεθέξει, τίνος οὐκ ἐπιτεύξεται; Διὰ τοῦτο ταύτης αὐτὸν τῆς τιμῆς ἀπολαῦσαι ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς, οὐκ ἐπειδὴ ἐκεῖνος ἐδεῖτο. Εἰ γὰρ ἐν σώματι ὢν κατεφρόνει τῆς παρὰ τῶν πολλῶν δόξης, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἀπαλλαγεὶς τοῦ σώματος. Οὐ διὰ τοῦτο δὲ ἐποίησεν αὐτὸν ἀπολαῦσαι μόνον, ἀλλ' ἵνα οἱ τοῖς μέλλουσιν ἀπιστοῦντες κἂν ἐκ τῶν παρόντων ἐνάγωνται. Λέγω ὅτι ἥξει Παῦλος μετὰ τοῦ βασιλέως τῶν οὐρανῶν, ὅτε ἀνάστασις ἔσται, ὅτι μυρίων ἀπολαύσει τῶν ἀγαθῶν. Ἀλλ' οὐ πιστεύει ὁ ἄπιστος: οὐκοῦν ἀπὸ τῶν παρόντων πιστεύσει. Λαμπρότερος τοῦ βασιλέως ὁ σκηνοποιὸς, ἐντιμότερος τοῦ βασιλέως: οὐδεὶς βασιλεὺς τῆς Ῥώμης γενόμενος, τοσαύτης ἀπέλαυσε τιμῆς: ἀλλ' ὁ μὲν βασιλεὺς ἐῤῥιμμένος ἔξω που κεῖται, ὁ δὲ τὸ μέσον κατέχει τῆς πόλεως, καθάπερ βασιλεὺς ὢν καὶ ζῶν. Ἀπὸ τούτων πίστευσον καὶ περὶ τῶν μελλόντων. Εἰ ἐνταῦθα, ἔνθα ἠλαύνετο, ἔνθα ἐδιώκετο, τοσαύτης ἀπέλαυσε τιμῆς, ὅταν ἔλθῃ, τί ἔσται; Εἰ ὅπου σκηνοποιὸς ἦν, οὕτως ἐγένετο λαμπρὸς, ὅταν ἔλθῃ ἀντιλάμπων ταῖς ἡλιακαῖς ἀκτῖσι, τί ἔσται; Εἰ μετὰ τοσαύτης εὐτελείας, τοσαύτης μεγαλοπρεπείας περιεγένετο, ὅταν ἔλθῃ, τίνος οὐ περιέστα; Μὴ ἔνι φυγεῖν τὰ πράγματα; Τίνα οὐκ ἐντρέπει τὸ τὸν σκηνοποιὸν ἐντιμότερον γενέσθαι τοῦ πάντων βασιλέων μᾶλλον θαυμασθέντος; Εἰ ἐνταῦθα τὰ ὑπὲρ φύσιν ἐγένετο, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι. Πίστευσον, ἄνθρωπε, τοῖς παροῦσιν, εἰ μὴ θέλεις τοῖς μέλλουσι: πίστευσον, ἄνθρωπε, τοῖς ὁρωμένοις, εἰ μὴ βούλει τοῖς ἀοράτοις. Μᾶλλον δὲ πίστευσον τοῖς ὁρωμένοις: οὕτω γὰρ καὶ τοῖς ἀοράτοις πιστεύσεις: εἰ δὲ οὐ θέλεις, εὔκαιρον τὸ τοῦ Ἀποστόλου εἰπεῖν, Καθαροὶ ἡμεῖς ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος ὑμῶν: ἅπαντα γὰρ ὑμῖν διεμαρτυράμεθα, καὶ οὐδὲν ἐνελίπομεν τῶν ὀφειλόντων λεχθῆναι: ὑμεῖς ἑαυτοὺς αἰτιάσασθε, καὶ λογιεῖσθε τὴν ἐν τῇ γεέννῃ τιμωρίαν. Ἡμεῖς δὲ, ὦ τέκνα ἀγαπητὰ, Παύλου μιμηταὶ μὴ κατὰ τὴν πίστιν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τὸν βίον γενώμεθα. Ἵνα τύχωμεν δόξης ἐπουρανίου, καταπατήσωμεν τὴν ἐνταῦθα δόξαν: μηδὲν ἡμᾶς ἐφελκέσθω τῶν παρόντων ἁπάντων: καταφρονήσωμεν τῶν ὁρωμένων, ἵνα τῶν οὐρανίων τύχωμεν, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ τούτων ἐπιτευξώμεθα δι' ἐκείνων, πλὴν προηγουμένως ἔστω ὁ σκοπὸς ἐκείνων ἐπιτυχεῖν: ὧν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἀξιωθῆναι.