John Chrysostom, On the Letter to the Romans

Here he seems to me to have mooted this whole topic with a view to those who were in danger; or, rather, not this only, but also what was said a little before this. For the words, “the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us;” and those, that “the whole creation groaneth;” and the saying, that “we are saved by hope;” and the phrase, “we with patience wait for;” and that, “we know not what we should pray for as we ought;” are all of them said to these. For he instructs them not to choose just what they may think, themselves, to be useful, but what the Spirit may suggest; for many things that seem to one’s self profitable, do sometimes even cause much harm. Quiet, for instance, and freedom from dangers, and living out of fear, seemed to be advantageous for them. And what wonder if they did to them, since to the blessed Paul himself this seemed to be so? still he came afterwards to know that the opposite to all these are the things advantageous, and when he came to know it, he was content. So he that besought the Lord thrice to be freed from hazards,264 See p. 447, and on 2 Cor. xii. 7, Hom. 26, p. 294 O.T. when once he heard Him say, “My grace is sufficient for thee, for My Power is perfected in weakness” (2 Cor. xii. 8, 9), was afterwards delighted at being persecuted, and insulted, and having irreparable ills done him. For, “I glory,” he says, “in persecutions, in insults” (Eng. V. reproaches), “in necessities.” (2 Cor. xii. 10.) And this was his reason for saying, “For we know not what we should pray for as we ought.” And he exhorted all men to give up these matters to the Spirit. For the Holy Spirit is very mindful of us, and this is the will of God. Having then cheered them by all methods, he proceeds to what we have heard to-day, putting forward a reason strong enough to reclaim them. For he says, “we know that all things work together for good to them that love God.” Now when he speaks of “all things,” he mentions even the things that seem painful. For should even tribulation, or poverty, or imprisonment, or famines, or deaths, or anything else whatsoever come upon us, God is able to change all these things into the opposite. For this is quite an instance of His unspeakable power, His making things seemingly painful to be lightsome to us, and turning them into that which is helpful to us. And so he does not say, that “them that love God,” no grievance approacheth, but, that it “works together for good,” that is to say, that He useth the grievous things themselves to make the persons so plotted against approved. And this is a much greater thing than hindering the approach of such grievances, or stopping them when they have come. And this is what He did even with the furnace at Babylon. For He did not either prevent their falling into it, or extinguish the flame after those saints were cast into it, but let it burn on, and made them by this very flame greater objects of wonder, and with the Apostles too He wrought other like wonders continually. (St. Mark xvi. 18.) For if men who have learnt to be philosophic can use the things of nature to the opposite of their intention, and appear even when living in poverty in easier circumstances than the rich, and shine265 καὶ ἐν τούτοις διαλάμπει τὸ καλὸν, Eth. i. 2. “even in these (misfortunes) the noble character shines forth.” through disgrace: much more will God work for those that love Him both these and also greater things by far. For one needs only one thing, a genuine love of Him, and all things follow that. As then things seemingly harmful do good to these, so do even things profitable harm those who love Him not. For instance, the exhibition of miracles and wisdom in His teaching only injured the Jews, as did the rightness of doctrine; and for the former they called Him a possessed person (John viii. 48), for the other one that would be equal to God (ib. v. 18): and because of the miracles (ib. xi. 47, 53), they even went about to kill Him. But the thief when crucified, when nailed to the Cross, and reviled, and suffering ills unnumbered, not only was not hurt, but even gained the greatest good therefrom. See how for those who love God all things work together for good. After mentioning then this great blessing, one which far exceeds man’s nature, since to many this seemed even past belief, he draws a proof of it from past blessings, in these words, “to them who are called according to His266 The word His perhaps rightly inserted in our version, is not in the Greek, and Theodoret seems not have taken it so; he says, “for he calleth not any as it may be (ἁπλῶς), but those who have a purpose” (a predisposition), πρόθεσιν, and so does St. Chrysostom below, and Œcumenius. See on Eph. i. 11. Hom. ii. p. 112 O.T. and note. St. Augustin rejects this exposition and adopts that of our version, Ad Bonif. l. ii. §22, De Corr. et. Gr. §23. purpose.” Now consider, he means, from the calling, for instance, what I have just said. Why then did He not from the first call all? or why not Paul himself as soon as the rest? Does it not seem that the deferring was harmful? But it was still by the event shown to be for the best. The purpose he here mentions, however, that he might not ascribe everything to the calling; since in this way both Greeks and Jews would be sure to cavil. For if the calling alone were sufficient, how came it that all were not saved? Hence he says, that it is not the calling alone, but the purpose of those called too, that works the salvation. For the calling was not forced upon them, nor compulsory. All then were called, but all did not obey the call.

Ver. 29. “For whom He did foreknow, He also did predestinate to be conformed to the Image of His Son.”

See what superb honor! for what the Only-begotten was by Nature, this they also have become by grace. And still he was not satisfied with this calling of them conformed thereto, but even adds another point, “that He might be the first-born.” And even here he does not come to a pause, but again after this he proceeds to mention another point, “Among many brethren.” So wishing to use all means of setting the relationship267 συγγένειαν, but Mar. and 6 mss. εὐγ. nobility. in a clear light. Now all these things you are to take as said of the Incarnation.268 Gr. Economy, see p. 338, note 3. For according to the Godhead He is Only-begotten. See, what great things He hath given unto us! Doubt not then about the future. For he showeth even upon other grounds His concern for us by saying, that things were fore-ordered269 Or “marked out,” προτετυπῶσθαι. in this way from the beginning. For men have to derive from things their conceptions about them, but to God these things have been long determined upon,270 See Sir Thomas Brown, Rel. Med. pt. i. p. 22. and from of old He bare good-will toward us (πρὸς ἡμἅς διέκειτο), he says.

Ver. 30. “Moreover whom He did predestinate, them He also called; and whom He called, them He also justified.”

Now He justified them by the regeneration of the laver. “And whom He justified, them He also glorified” by the gift, by the adoption.

Ver. 31. “What shall we then say to these things?”

As if he should say, Let me then hear no more about the dangers and the malicious devices from every quarter. For even if some disbelieve the things to come, still they have not a word to say against the good things that have already taken place; as, for instance, the friendship of God towards thee from the first, the justifying, the glory. And yet these things He gave thee by means seemingly distressing. And those things which you thought to be disgracing, the Cross, scourges, bonds, these are what have set the whole world aright. As then by what Himself suffered, though of aspect forbidding in man’s eye, even by these He effected the liberty and salvation of the whole race; so also is He wont to do in regard to those things which thou endurest, turning thy sufferings unto glory and renown for thee. “If God be for us, who can be against us?”

Why, it may be said, who is there that is not against us? Why the world is against us, both kings and peoples, both relations and countrymen. Yet these that be against us, so far are they from thwarting us at all, that even without their will they become to us the causes of crowns, and procurers of countless blessings, in that God’s wisdom turneth their plots unto our salvation and glory. See how really no one is against us! For it was this which gave new lustre to Job, the fact that the devil was in arms against him. For the devil moved at once friends against him, his wife against him, and wounds, and servants, and a thousand other machinations. And it turned out that none of them was against him on the whole. And yet this was no great thing to him, though it was great in itself, but what is a far greater thing is, that it turned out that they were all for him. For since God was for him, even things seemingly against him all became for him. And this happened with the Apostles also, inasmuch as both the Jews, and they of the Gentiles, and false brethren, and rulers, and peoples, and famines, and poverty, and ten thousand things were against them; and yet nothing was against them. For the things which made them the most bright and conspicuous, and great in the sight both of God and of men, were these. Just reflect then what a word Paul hath uttered about the faithful, and those who are truly (ἀκριβὥς) crucified, such as not even the Emperor with his diadem can achieve. For against him there are abundance of barbarians that arm themselves, and of enemies that invade, and of bodyguards that plot, and of subjects many that oftentimes are ever and anon rebelling, and thousands of other things. But against the faithful who taketh good heed unto God’s laws, neither man, nor devil, nor aught besides, can stand! For if you take away his money, you have become the procurer of a reward to him. If you speak ill of him, by the evil report he gains fresh lustre in God’s sight. If you cast him into starvation, the more will his glory and his reward be. If (what seems the most severe stroke of all) you give him over to death, you are twining a crown of martyrdom about him.271 Chrys. apprehends well the practical purpose for which the apostle introduced verses 28–30. Notwithstanding all the imperfections of the Christian’s spiritual life (26, 27) and the trials which have been so fully described (1–24) we have the assurance that all these things are working in accordance with God’s gracious plan for his ultimate good. In passing over from the idea of believers as those who love God to its counterpart that they are those called according to His purpose (not to be taken of the believer’s purpose, as Chrys.) the apostle develops from this idea of purpose a series of conceptions designed to emphasize the believer’s security. “You who love God can be sure of the outcome of all suffering in good for you are included in God’s purpose which he purposed in Christ Jesus our Lord.” (Eph. iii. 11.) You have all the strength and solidity of God’s eternal plan on your side. When the divine purpose of redemption was before the mind of God in eternity, you were the prospective participants in it, as truly as you now are the real participants. What you are God from eternity intended you to be. The stability of his immutable counsel is pledged to you.”—G.B.S. What then is equivalent to this way of life, being that against which nothing can be done, but even they that seem to devise mischief are no less of service to him than benefactors? This is why he says, “If God be for us, who can be against us?” Next, not being satisfied with what he had already said, the greatest sign of His love for us, and that which he always is dwelling over, that he sets down here also; I mean, the slaying of His Son. For He did not only justify us, he means, and glorify us, and make us conformed to that Image, but not even His Son did He spare for thee. And therefore he proceeds to say,

Ver. 32. “He that spared not His own Son, but delivered Him up for us all, how shall He not with Him also freely give us all things?”

And here the words he uses are high-wrought (μεθ᾽ ὑτερβολἥς) and exceedingly warm, to show his love. How then is He to neglect us, in whose behalf “He spared not His own Son, but delivered Him up for us all?” For reflect what goodness it is not to spare even His own Son, but to give Him up, and to give Him up for all, and those worthless, and unfeeling, and enemies, and blasphemers. “How then shall He not with Him also freely give us all things? What he means then is much as follows; If He gave His own Son, and not merely gave Him, but gave Him to death, why doubt any more about the rest, since thou hast the Master? why be dubious about the chattels, when thou hast the Lord? For He that gave the greater thing to His enemies, how shall He do else than give the lesser things to His friends?

Ver. 33. “Who shall lay anything to the charge of God’s elect?”

Here he is against those who say, that faith is no profit, and will not believe the complete change. (i.e. in baptism see p. 349.) And see how swiftly he stops their mouths, by the worthiness of Him that elected. He does not say, “Who shall lay anything to the charge of God’s” servants? or of God’s faithful ones? but “of God’s elect?” And election is a sign of virtue. For if when a horse-breaker has selected colts fit for the race, no one can find fault with them, but he would get laughed at who should find fault; much more when God selecteth souls are they that “lay any charge against” them deserving of laughter.

“It is God that justifieth.”

Ver. 34. “Who is He that condemneth?

He does not say, it is God that forgave our sins, but what is much greater, “It is God that justifieth.” For when the Judge’s sentence declares us just, and a Judge such as that too, what signifieth the accuser? Hence neither is it right to fear temptations, for God is for us, and hath shown it by what He hath done; nor again Jewish triflings, for He has both elected and justified us, and the wondrous thing is that it was also by the death of His Son that He did so. Who then is to condemn us, since God crowns us, and Christ was put to death for us, and not only was put to death, but also after this intercedeth for us?272 The argument of vv. 33, 34 which is so condensed in form, may be paraphrased thus: “Who shall lay anything to the charge of God’s elect? No one shall. Why? Because their justifier is God himself. No one may accuse whom He acquits. Who, then, can appear against them and condemn them? No one can, for it is no less a person than Christ who died and rose on their behalf.”—G.B.S.

For, “It is Christ,” he says, “that died, yea rather, that is risen from the dead, Who is at the right hand of God, Who also maketh intercession for us.”

For though seen now in His own dignity, He hath not left caring for us, but even “maketh intercession for us,” and still keepeth up the same love. For He was not contented with being put to death alone. And this is a sign for the most part of very great love, to be doing not only what falls to His lot, but also to address Another on this behalf. For this is all he meant to signify by the interceding, using a way of speaking better suited to man, and more condescending, that he might point out love. Since unless we take the words, “He spared not,” also with the same understanding, many inconsistencies will come of it. And that you may see that such is the point he is aiming at, after first saying, that He “is at the Right Hand,” he next proceeds to say, that He “maketh intercession for us,” when he had shown an equality of honor and rank, so that hence it may appear that the Intercession is not a sign of inferiority,273 Theodoret notices the same thing, ad loc. St. Basil, De Sp. S. c. xx. answers a similar argument against the equal Divinity of the Holy Spirit, by showing that it would apply to the Son if at all. but of love only. For being Life itself (αὐτοζωή) (Ps. xxxvi. 9.), and a Well of good things of every kind, and with the same power as the Father, both to raise up the dead and to quicken them, and do all besides that He doth, how could He need to be a suppliant in order to help us? (John v. 19, 21, 36.) He that of His own power set free those who were given over and condemned, even from that condemnation; and made them righteous, and sons, and led them to the very highest honors, and brought to pass things which had never been hoped for: how should He, after having achieved all this, and having shown our nature on the King’s throne, require to be a suppliant to do the easier things? (Acts vii. 55; Heb. x. 12; Rev. vii. 17.) You see how it is shown by every argument, that there is no other reason for his having mentioned intercession, save to show the warmth and vigorousness of His love for us; for the Father also is represented to us as beseeching men to be reconciled to Him. “For we are ambassadors of Christ, as though God did beseech you by us.” (2 Cor. v. 20.) Still, though God beseecheth, and men are “ambassadors in Christ’s stead” to men, we do not understand on that account anything done unworthy of that dignity; but one thing only do we gather from all that is told us, namely, the intenseness of the love. This then let us do here also. If then the Spirit even “maketh intercession for us with groanings that cannot be uttered,” and Christ died and intercedeth for us, and the Father “spared not His own Son” for thee, and elected thee, and justified thee, why be afraid any more? Or why tremble when enjoying such great love, and having such great interest taken in thee? In this way then, after showing His great providence over us from the first, he afterwards brings out what comes next in a bold style, and does not say, ye ought also to love Him, but, as if grown enthusiastic at this unspeakable Providence over us, he says,

Ver. 35. “Who shall separate us from the love of Christ?”

And he does not say of God, so indifferent is it to him whether he mentions the Name of Christ or of God. “Shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword?” Observe the blessed Paul’s judgment. For he does not mention the things that we are daily getting taken by, love of money and desire of glory and the thraldom of anger, but things that are far more enthralling than these, and of power to put a force274 Shakespeare, Lear, act ii. sc. iv. “We are not ourselves when nature being oppressed commands the mind to suffer with the body,” etc. upon nature itself, and to wrench open the sternness of the resolution many times even against our will, are what he puts down here, tribulations and distresses. For even if the things mentioned are easy to tell up, still each single word has in it thousands of lines of temptation. For when he says, tribulation, he mentions prisons and bonds, and calumnies, and banishments, and all the other hardships, so in one word running through an ocean of dangers without stint, and exhibiting to us, in fact by a single word, all the evils that men meet with. Yet still he dares them all! Wherefore he brings them forward in the shape of questions, as if it was incontrovertible that nothing could move a person so beloved, and who had enjoyed so much providence over him. Then that this might not seem as if he had forgotten himself, he brings in the Prophet also, who declared this before, a long while ago and saith,

Ver. 36. “For Thy sake we are killed all the day long, we are accounted as sheep for the slaughter.” (Ps. xliv. 22.)

That is, we are exposed to all to be evil entreated of them. But yet against so many and so great dangers and these recent horrors, the object of our conflicts is given as a sufficient consolation, or rather not sufficient only, but even much more. For it is not for men, nor for any other of the things of this life that we suffer, but for the King (he says) of the universe. But this is not the only crown, for he encircles them with another besides, and that varied and manifold. Since then, as they were men they could not have deaths without number to undergo, he shows that in this way the prize is none the less. For even if by nature it were fated to die once, by choice God hath granted us to suffer this every day, if we be so minded. Whence it is plain that we shall depart with as many crowns as we have lived days, or rather with many more. For it is possible in a day to die not once alone or twice, but many times. For he who is always ready unto this, keeps continually receiving a full reward. This then is what the Psalmist (Προφήτης) hints at, when he says, “all the day.” And for this reason the Apostle also brought him before them to rouse them up the more. For if, he means, those in the old dispensation, who had the land as their reward, and the other things which come to a close along with this life, did so look down upon the present life and the temptations and dangers of it, what pardon should we find if we deal so languidly after the promise of Heaven, and the Kingdom above, and its unutterable blessings, so as not to come even up to the same measure as they? And this he does not say indeed, but leaves it to his hearers’ consciences, and is satisfied with the quotation alone. He shows too that their bodies become a sacrifice, and that we must not be disturbed or troubled at God having so ordered it. And he exhorts them in other ways besides. For to prevent any from saying that he is merely philosophizing here before having any experience of realities, he adds, “we are accounted as sheep for the slaughter,” meaning the daily deaths of the Apostles. You see his courage and his goodness. For as they, he means, when slaughtered make no resistance, so neither do we. But since the feebleness of the mind of man, even after so great things, was afraid of the multitude of temptations, see how he again rouses the hearer, and gives him a lofty and exulting spirit, by saying,

Ver. 37. “Nay, in all these things we are more than conquerors through Him that loved us.”

For what is indeed wonderful is this, not that we are conquerors only, but that we are so by the very things meant as plots against us. And we are not merely conquerors, but we are “more than conquerors,” that is, are so with ease, without toil and labor. For without undergoing the real things, by only setting our mind aright, we raise our trophies against our enemies. And with good reason. For it is God that striveth together with us. Do not then be doubtful, if though beaten we get the better of our beaters, if driven out we overcome our persecutors, if dying we put the living to fight. For when you take the power and also the love of God into account, there is nothing to prevent these wondrous and strange things from coming to pass, and that victory the most advantageous should shine upon us. For they did not merely conquer, but in a wondrous way, and so that one might learn that those who plotted against them had a war not against men, but against that invincible Might. See the Jews then with these among them, and at a loss quite, and saying, “What are we to do to these men?” (Acts iv. 16.) For it is marvellous indeed, that though they had hold of them and had got them liable to their courts, and imprisoned them and beat them, they were yet at a loss and in perplexity, as they got overcome by the very things whereby they expected to conquer. And neither kings nor people, nor ranks of demons, nor the devil himself, had power to get the better of them, but were all overcome at a very great disadvantage, finding that all they planned against them became for them. And therefore he says, “we are more than conquerors.” For this was a new rule of victory for men to prevail by their adversaries, and in no instance to be overcome, but to go forth to these struggles as if they themselves had the issue in their own hands.

Ver. 38, 39. “For I am persuaded, that neither death nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come, nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.”

These are great things here mentioned. But the reason we do not enter into them is, because we have not so great love. Yet still though they are great, as he wished to show that they were nothing beside the love wherewith he was loved of God; after it he then places his own, lest he should seem to be saying great things about himself. And what he says is somewhat of this kind. Why speak, he means, of things present, and evils inherited in this life? For even if a person were to tell me of things to come, and of powers; of things, such as death and life; of powers, such as angels and archangels, and all the superior orders of beings; even these would be little to me compared with the love of Christ. For even if a person were to threaten me with that future death to which there is no death, to separate me from Christ, nor if he promised the life without end, would I agree to it. Why mention kings here below and consuls? and this one or that? for if you tell me of angels, or all the powers above, or all existing things, or all that are to come, they are all small to me, both those in the earth, and those in heaven, and those under the earth, and those above heaven, compared to this charm. Then as though these were not enough to set before them the strong desire which he had, he gives a being to others again of like magnitude, and says, “nor any other creation.” And what he means is nearly this, even if there were any other creation as great as the visible, and as great as the intelligible,275 Intelligible is used in old Platonist writers for invisible, as in German. none of them could part me from that love. This he says not as if the Angels attempted it, or the other Powers, far from it, but as wishing to show quite to the utmost the charm he had toward Christ. For Christ he loved not for the things of Christ, but for His sake the things that were His, and to Him alone he looked, and one thing he feared, and that was falling from his love for Him. For this thing was in itself more dreadful than hell, as to abide in it was more desirable than the Kingdom.

What then should we now deserve, when he is found not to esteem even the things in Heaven as compared with the desire for Christ, and we set more store by things of mire and clay than by Christ? And he out of desire of Him would take up with falling into hell, and being banished from the Kingdom, if the choice between the two were put to him: but we are not even above the present life. Are we worthy then to touch his very shoes, when we have come to be so far short of his largeness of mind? For he for Christ’s sake does not think anything even of a kingdom; but we think slightingly of Himself, but things of His we make great account of. And would it were of things of His. But now it is not even this; but with a Kingdom held out to us, we let that alone, and keep pursuing shadows and dreams all our days. And yet God in His love toward man and exceeding gentleness, hath done the same as if an affectionate father should, on his son’s becoming disinclined to a continual stay with him, manage to bring this about in another way. For since we have not the right feeling of desire after Him, He keeps putting divers other things before us, so as to hold us to Himself. Yet not even for this do we abide with Him, but we keep springing off to childish playthings. Not so Paul, but like a noble spirited child, who is open and attached to his father, he seeks only after the Father’s presence, and other things he sets not so much store by; or rather, it is much more than a child. For he does not value the Father and things that are His at the same rate, but when he looks to the Father, he counts them nothing, but would choose rather to be chastised and beaten, so he was with Him, than to be apart from Him and indulge his ease. Let us then shudder, all of us that do not even feel above money for the sake of Christ, or rather such of us as do not feel above it for our own sakes. For it was Paul alone who suffered in good earnest all things for Christ’s sake, not for the sake of the kingdom, or his own honor, but owing to his affection to Him. But as for us, neither Christ nor the things of Christ draw us from the things of this life; but as serpents, or snakes, or swine, or even as all of them at once, so do we keep dragging on in the mire. For wherein are we better than those brutes, when with so many and such great examples before us we still keep bowing down, and have not the heart to look up to Heaven for ever so little a time? Yet did God give up even His Son. But thou wilt not so much as share thy bread with Him, Who was given up for thee, Who was slain for thee. The Father for thy sake spared not Him, and this too when He was indeed His Son, but thou doest not look upon Him even when pining with starvation, and this too when thou shouldest but spend of His own, and spend it too for thy own good! What can be worse than such a breach of law as this? He was given up for thee, He was slain for thee, He goeth about in hunger for thee, it is of His own thou shouldest give, that thou mayest thyself get the gain, and still thou dost not give! What sort of stone is there than which these are not more senseless, who in despite of such great inducements, continue in this diabolical cruel-heartedness? For He was not satisfied even with death and the Cross only, but He took up with becoming poor also, and a stranger, and a beggar, and naked, and being thrown into prison, and undergoing sickness, that so at least He might call thee off. If thou wilt not requite Me, He says, as having suffered for thee, show mercy on Me for My poverty. And if thou are not minded to pity Me for My poverty, do for My disease be moved, for My imprisonment be softened. And if even these things make thee not charitable, for the easiness of the request comply with Me. For it is no costly gift I ask, but bread and lodging, and words of comfort; but if even after this thou still continuest unsubdued, still for the Kingdom’s sake be improved for the rewards which I have promised. Hast thou then no regard even for these? yet still for very nature’s sake be softened at seeing Me naked, and remember that nakedness wherewith I was naked on the Cross for thee; or, if not this, yet that wherewith I am now naked through the poor. I was then bound for thee, nay, still am so for thee, that whether moved by the former ground or the latter, thou mightest be minded to show some pity. I fasted for thee, again I am hungry for thee. I was athirst when hanging on the Cross, I am athirst also through the poor, that by the former as also by the latter I may draw thee to Myself, and make thee charitable to thine own salvation. Hence also of thee that owest Me the requital of benefits without number, I make not demand as of one that oweth, but crown thee as one that favoreth Me, and a kingdom do I give thee for these small things. For I do not say so much as put an end to My poverty, or give Me riches, and yet I did become poor for thee; yet still I ask for bread and clothing, and a small solace for My hunger. And if I be thrown into prison, I do not insist upon thy loosing My bonds and setting Me free, but one thing only do I seek after, that thou wouldest visit Me, Who was (or am) bound for thee, and I shall have received favor enough, and for this only will I give thee Heaven. And yet I delivered thee from most galling bonds, but for Me it is quite enough, if thou wilt but visit Me when in prison. For I am able indeed to crown thee even without all this; yet I would fain be a debtor to thee, that the crown may give thee some feeling of confidence. This is why, though I am able to support Myself, I come about begging, and stand beside thy door, and stretch out Mine hand, since My wish is to be supported by thee. For I love thee exceedingly, and so desire to eat at thy table, which is the way with those that love a person. And I glory (John xv. 8) in this. And when the whole world are spectators, then am I to herald thee forth, and in the hearing of all men to display thee as My supporter. Yet we, when we are supported by any one, feel ashamed, and cover our faces; but He, as loving us exceedingly, even if we hold our peace, will then tell out what we did with much praise, and is not ashamed to say, that when Himself was naked we clothed Him, and fed Him when hungry. Let us then lay all these things to heart, and not be contented with passing mere praises upon them, but let us even accomplish what I have been speaking of. For what is the good of these applauses and clamors? I demand one thing only of you, and that is the display of them in real action, the obedience of deeds. This is my praise, this your gain, this gives me more lustre than a diadem. When you have left the Church then, this is the crown that you should make for me and for you, through the hand of the poor; that both in the present life we may be nourished with a goodly hope, and after we have departed to the life to come, we may attain to those good things without number, to which may all of us attain by the grace and love toward man, etc.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΙΕʹ. Οἴδαμεν δὲ, ὅτι τοῖς ἀγαπῶσι τὸν Θεὸν πάντα συνεργεῖ εἰς ἀγαθόν. αʹ. Ἐνταῦθά μοι δοκεῖ πρὸς τοὺς ἐν κινδύνοις ὄντας ἅπαν τοῦτο κεκινηκέναι τὸ χωρίον: μᾶλλον δὲ οὐ τοῦτο μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ μικρῷ πρὸ τούτων εἰρημένα. Καὶ γὰρ τὸ, Οὐκ ἄξια τὰ παθήματα τοῦ νῦν καιροῦ πρὸς τὴν μέλλουσαν δόξαν ἀποκαλυφθῆναι, καὶ τὸ, τὴν κτίσιν ἅπασαν στενάζειν, καὶ τὸ λέγειν, ὅτι Τῇ ἐλπίδι ἐσώθημεν, καὶ τὸ, Δι' ὑπομονῆς ἀπεκδεχόμεθα, καὶ τὸ, Τί προσευξώμεθα καθ' ὃ δεῖ, οὐκ οἴδαμεν: ἅπαντα ταῦτα πρὸς ἐκείνους εἴρηται. Παιδεύει γὰρ αὐτοὺς μὴ ἅπερ ἂν αὐτοὶ νομίσωσιν εἶναι συμφέροντα, ταῦτα αἱρεῖσθαι πάντως, ἀλλ' ἅπερ ἂν τὸ Πνεῦμα ὑποβάλῃ. Καὶ γὰρ πολλὰ αὐτοῖς δοκοῦντα λυσιτελεῖν, ἔστιν ὅτε καὶ βλάβην ἤνεγκε πολλήν. Ἄνεσις γοῦν καὶ κινδύνων ἀπαλλαγὴ, καὶ τὸ ἐν ἀδείᾳ ζῇν, ἐδόκει συμφέρον εἶναι ἐκείνοις. Καὶ τί θαυμαστὸν, εἰ ἐκείνοις, ὅπου γε καὶ αὐτῷ τῷ μακαρίῳ Παύλῳ τοῦτο οὕτως ἔδοξεν ἔχειν; Ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐμάνθανεν ὕστερον, ὅτι τὰ ἐναντία τούτοις ταῦτά ἐστι τὰ συμφέροντα, καὶ μαθὼν ἔστεργεν. Ὁ γοῦν τρὶς τὸν Κύριον παρακαλέσας ὥστε ἀπαλλαγῆναι κινδύνων, ἐπειδὴ ἤκουσεν αὐτοῦ λέγοντος, Ἀρκεῖ σοι ἡ χάρις μου: ἡ γὰρ δύναμίς μου ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελειοῦται, ἐσκίρτα λοιπὸν διωκόμενος, ὑβριζόμενος, τὰ ἀνήκεστα πάσχων. Εὐδοκῶ γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐν διωγμοῖς, ἐν ὕβρεσιν, ἐν ἀνάγκαις. Διὸ καὶ ἔλεγε: Τὸ γὰρ τί προσευξώμεθα καθ' ὃ δεῖ, οὐκ οἴδαμεν: καὶ πᾶσι παρῄνει τῷ Πνεύματι τούτων παραχωρεῖν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον σφόδρα ἡμῶν κήδεται, καὶ τῷ Θεῷ τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ δοκοῦν. Διὰ πάντων τοίνυν ἀλείψας αὐτοὺς, ἐπάγει καὶ τὰ σήμερον εἰρημένα, λογισμὸν κινῶν ἱκανὸν αὐτοὺς ἀνακτήσασθαι. Οἴδαμεν γὰρ, φησὶν, ὅτι τοῖς ἀγαπῶσι τὸν Θεὸν πάντα συνεργεῖ εἰς ἀγαθόν. Ὅταν δὲ εἴπῃ, Πάντα, καὶ τὰ δοκοῦντα εἶναι λυπηρὰ λέγει. Κἂν γὰρ θλῖψις, κἂν πενία, κἂν δεσμωτήρια, κἂν λιμοὶ, κἂν θάνατοι, κἂν ὁτιοῦν ἕτερον ἐπείη, δυνατὸς ὁ Θεὸς εἰς τοὐναντίον ταῦτα πάντα μεταβαλεῖν: ἐπεὶ καὶ τοῦτο τῆς ἀφάτου δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ, τὸ τὰ δοκοῦντα εἶναι μοχθηρὰ κοῦφά τε ἡμῖν ποιεῖν, καὶ εἰς τὴν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν τρέπειν βοήθειαν. Διόπερ οὐκ εἶπεν, ὅτι Τοῖς ἀγαπῶσι τὸν Θεὸν οὐκ ἐπέρχεταί τι δεινὸν, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ Συνεργεῖ εἰς ἀγαθόν: τουτέστιν, ὅτι αὐτοῖς τοῖς δεινοῖς κέχρηται εἰς τὴν τῶν ἐπιβουλευομένων εὐδοκίμησιν: ὅπερ πολὺ μεῖζόν ἐστι τοῦ κωλῦσαι ἐπελθεῖν τὰ δεινὰ, ἢ καταλῦσαι ἐπελθόντα. Τοῦτο οὖν καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς Βαβυλωνίας καμίνου πεποίηκεν. Οὔτε γὰρ ἐκώλυσεν ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς αὐτὴν, οὔτε ἐμπεσόντων τῶν ἁγίων ἐκείνων, τὴν φλόγα ἔσβεσεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀφεὶς καίεσθαι, δι' αὐτῆς ταύτης θαυμαστοτέρους εἰργάσατο. Καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων δὲ τοιαῦτα ἕτερα ἐθαυματούργησε διὰ πάντων. Εἰ γὰρ ἄνθρωποι, φιλοσοφεῖν εἰδότες, δύνανται φύσει πραγμάτων εἰς τὸ ἐναντίον ἀποχρήσασθαι, καὶ ἐν πενίᾳ ζῶντες τῶν πλουτούντων εὐπορώτεροι φανῆναι, καὶ δι' ἀτιμίας λάμψαι: πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὁ Θεὸς ἐπὶ τῶν ἀγαπώντων αὐτὸν, καὶ ταῦτα καὶ τὰ πολλῷ μείζονα ἐργάσεται. Ἑνὸς γὰρ δεῖ μόνου, τοῦ γνησίως αὐτὸν ἀγαπᾷν, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα πάντα ἕπεται. Ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ τούτους καὶ τὰ δοκοῦντα εἶναι βλαβερὰ ὠφελεῖ: οὕτω τοὺς οὐκ ἀγαπῶντας αὐτὸν, καὶ τὰ ὠφελοῦντα βλάπτει. Τοῖς γοῦν Ἰουδαίοις καὶ σημείων ἐπίδειξις, καὶ δογμάτων ὀρθότης ἐλυμαίνετο, καὶ διδασκαλίας φιλοσοφία: καὶ δι' ἐκεῖνα μὲν δαιμονῶντα ἐκάλουν, διὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἀντίθεον: ὑπὲρ δὲ τῶν σημείων καὶ ἀναιρεῖν ἐπεχείρουν. Ὁ μέντοι λῃστὴς σταυρούμενος, προσηλούμενος, λοιδορούμενος, μυρία πάσχων δεινὰ, οὐ μόνον οὐδὲν παρεβλάβη, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ μέγιστα ἐντεῦθεν ἐκέρδανεν. Εἶδες πῶς τοῖς ἀγαπῶσι τὸν Θεὸν πάντα συνεργεῖ εἰς ἀγαθόν; Εἰπὼν τοίνυν τὸ μέγα τοῦτο ἀγαθὸν, καὶ σφόδρα τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην φύσιν ὑπερβαῖνον, ἐπειδὴ πολλοῖς καὶ ἄπιστον τοῦτο εἶναι ἐδόκει, ἀπὸ τῶν παρελθόντων αὐτὸ πιστοῦται, οὕτω λέγων: Τοῖς κατὰ πρόθεσιν κλητοῖς οὖσι. Σκόπει γὰρ εὐθέως ἀπὸ τῆς κλήσεως τὸ εἰρημένον. Διὰ τί γὰρ μὴ ἐξ ἀρχῆς πάντας ἐκάλεσε, ἢ μηδὲ αὐτὸν Παῦλον μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων εὐθέως, οὗ ἐδόκει ἡ ἀναβολὴ ἐπιζήμιος εἶναι; Ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐδείχθη διὰ τῶν πραγμάτων, ὅτι χρησίμως γέγονε. Πρόθεσιν δὲ ἐνταῦθά φησιν, ἵνα μὴ τὸ πᾶν τῇ κλήσει δῷ: ἐπεὶ οὕτως ἔμελλον καὶ Ἕλληνες ἀντιλέγειν καὶ Ἰουδαῖοι. Εἰ γὰρ ἡ κλῆσις ἤρκει μόνον, τίνος ἕνεκεν οὐ πάντες ἐσώθησαν; Διὰ τοῦτό φησιν, ὅτι οὐχ ἡ κλῆσις μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡ πρόθεσις τῶν καλουμένων τὴν σωτηρίαν εἰργάσατο: οὐ γὰρ ἠναγκασμένη γέγονεν ἡ κλῆσις οὐδὲ βεβιασμένη. Πάντες γοῦν ἐκλήθησαν, ἀλλ' οὐ πάντες ὑπήκουσαν. Ὅτι οὓς προέγνω, καὶ προώρισε συμμόρφους τῆς εἰκόνος τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ. Εἶδες τιμῆς ὄγκον; Ὅπερ γὰρ ὁ Μονογενὴς ἦν φύσει, τοῦτο καὶ αὐτοὶ γεγόνασι κατὰ χάριν. Ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐκ ἠρκέσθη τούτῳ τῷ εἰπεῖν, Συμμόρφους, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἕτερον προσέθηκεν: Εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν πρωτότοκον. Καὶ οὐδὲ ἐνταῦθα ἔστη, ἀλλὰ καὶ μετὰ τούτου πάλιν ἕτερον ἐπάγει, λέγων: Ἐν πολλοῖς ἀδελφοῖς: διὰ πάντων σαφῆ τὴν συγγένειαν ἐπιδεῖξαι βουλόμενος. Ταῦτα δὲ πάντα περὶ τῆς οἰκονομίας εἰρῆσθαι νόμιζε: κατὰ γὰρ τὴν θεότητα Μονογενής. βʹ. Εἶδες πόσα ἡμῖν ἐχαρίσατο; Μὴ τοίνυν ἀμφίβαλλε περὶ τῶν μελλόντων: καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἑτέρωθεν δείκνυσιν αὐτοῦ τὴν κηδεμονίαν, τῷ λέγειν ἄνωθεν αὐτὰ προτετυπῶσθαι οὕτως. Ἄνθρωποι μὲν γὰρ ἀπὸ τῶν πραγμάτων τὰς ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν γνώμας λαμβάνουσι, τῷ δὲ Θεῷ πάλαι ταῦτα ἔδοξε, καὶ ἄνωθεν πρὸς ἡμᾶς διέκειτο: φησὶν οὖν: Οὓς δὲ ἐκάλεσε, τούτους καὶ ἐδικαίωσεν. Ἐδικαίωσε διὰ τῆς τοῦ λουτροῦ παλιγγενεσίας. Οὓς δὲ ἐδικαίωσε, τούτους καὶ ἐδόξασεν. Ἐδόξασε διὰ τῆς χάριτος, διὰ τῆς υἱοθεσίας. Τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν πρὸς ταῦτα; Ὡς ἂν εἴποι: Μὴ τοίνυν λέγε μοι λοιπὸν περὶ τῶν κινδύνων, καὶ τῆς παρὰ πάντων ἐπιβουλῆς. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ τοῖς μέλλουσί τινες διαπιστοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὰ ἤδη γεγενημένα ἀγαθὰ οὐδὲν ἂν ἔχοιεν εἰπεῖν: οἷον, τὴν ἄνωθεν τοῦ Θεοῦ πρὸς σὲ φιλίαν, τὴν δικαίωσιν, τὴν δόξαν. Καὶ γὰρ ταῦτά σοι διὰ τῶν δοκούντων εἶναι λυπηρῶν ἐχαρίσατο: καὶ ὅπερ ἐνόμιζες αἰσχύνην εἶναι, τὸν σταυρὸν, τὰς μάστιγας, τὰ δεσμὰ, ταῦτά ἐστιν ἃ τὴν οἰκουμένην κατώρθωσεν ἅπασαν. Ὥσπερ οὖν οἷς αὐτὸς ἔπαθε, καίτοι γε σκυθρωποῖς εἶναι δοκοῦσι, τούτοις εἰς ἐλευθερίαν καὶ σωτηρίαν τῆς φύσεως ἀπεχρήσατο πάσης: οὕτω καὶ ἐν οἷς αὐτὸς ὑπομένεις ποιεῖν εἴωθεν, εἰς δόξαν σου καὶ εὐδοκίμησιν τοῖς σοῖς ἀποχρώμενος πάθεσιν. Εἰ ὁ Θεὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, τίς καθ' ἡμῶν; Τίς γὰρ οὐ καθ' ἡμῶν; φησί. Καὶ γὰρ ἡ οἰκουμένη καθ' ἡμῶν, καὶ τύραννοι καὶ δῆμοι καὶ συγγενεῖς καὶ πολῖται: ἀλλ' ὅμως οὗτοι οἱ καθ' ἡμῶν τοσοῦτον ἀπέχουσιν ἐπηρεάζειν ἡμῖν, ὅτι καὶ ἄκοντες στεφάνων ἡμῖν αἴτιοι γίνονται, καὶ μυρίων ἀγαθῶν πρόξενοι, τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ σοφίας τὰς ἐπιβουλὰς εἰς τὴν ἡμετέραν σωτηρίαν καὶ δόξαν τρεπούσης. Ὁρᾷς πῶς οὐδεὶς καθ' ἡμῶν; Καὶ γὰρ τὸν Ἰὼβ τοῦτο λαμπρότερον ἐποίησε, τὸ ὁπλισθῆναι κατ' αὐτοῦ τὸν διάβολον. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ φίλους κατ' αὐτοῦ, καὶ γυναῖκα κατ' αὐτοῦ, καὶ τραύματα καὶ οἰκέτας καὶ μυρία ἕτερα ὁ διάβολος ἐκίνησε μηχανήματα: καὶ οὐδὲν ὅμως κατ' αὐτοῦ γέγονε. Καὶ οὔπω τοῦτο αὐτῷ μέγα, καίτοι σφόδρα μέγα ὂν, ἀλλ' ὃ πολλῷ μεῖζον ἦν, ὅτι καὶ ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ πάντα ἐξέβη. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς ἦν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὰ κατ' αὐτοῦ δοκοῦντα εἶναι, ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ πάντα ἐγένετο. Τοῦτο καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων συνέβη. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι καὶ οἱ ἐξ ἐθνῶν καὶ οἱ ψευδάδελφοι καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες καὶ οἱ δῆμοι καὶ λιμοὶ καὶ πενίαι καὶ μυρία κατ' αὐτῶν ἦν, καὶ οὐδὲν κατ' αὐτῶν. Τὰ γὰρ μάλιστα ποιήσαντα αὐτοὺς λαμπροὺς καὶ περιφανεῖς, καὶ παρὰ Θεῷ καὶ παρὰ ἀνθρώποις ἐπαινετοὺς, ταῦτά ἐστιν. Ἐννόησον οὖν ἡλίκον ἐφθέγξατο ῥῆμα ὁ Παῦλος περὶ τῶν πιστῶν καὶ ἀκριβῶς ἐσταυρωμένων, ὃ μηδ' ὁ τὸ διάδημα περικείμενος δύναιτ' ἂν ἔχειν. Κατὰ γὰρ ἐκείνου πολλοὶ καὶ βάρβαροι καθοπλιζόμενοι, καὶ πολέμιοι ἐπιόντες, καὶ σωματοφύλακες ἐπιβουλεύοντες, καὶ τῶν ἀρχομένων πολλοὶ πολλάκις ἐπανιστάμενοι συνεχῶς, καὶ ἕτερα μυρία: κατὰ δὲ τοῦ πιστοῦ καὶ προσέχοντος ἀκριβῶς τοῖς τοῦ Θεοῦ νόμοις, οὐκ ἄνθρωπος, οὐ δαίμων, οὐκ ἄλλο οὐδὲν ἀντιστῆναι δυνήσεται. Ἄν τε γὰρ χρήματα ἀφέλῃς, μισθὸν αὐτῷ προεξένησας: ἄν τε κακῶς εἴπῃς, διὰ τῆς δυσφημίας λαμπρότερον ἐποίησας παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ: ἄν τε εἰς λιμὸν ἐμβάλῃς, πλείων ἡ δόξα καὶ ἡ ἀντίδοσις: ἄν τε, ὃ πάντων χαλεπώτερον εἶναι δοκεῖ, θανάτῳ παραδῷς, μαρτυρίου στέφανον ἔπλεξας. Τί τοίνυν ἴσον τοῦ βίου τούτου γένοιτ' ἂν, ὅταν μηδὲν κατ' αὐτοῦ γενέσθαι δύνηται, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοὶ οἱ δοκοῦντες ἐπιβουλεύειν, τῶν εὐεργετούντων αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔλαττον αὐτὸν ὠφελῶσι; Διὰ τοῦτό φησιν: Εἰ ὁ Θεὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, τίς καθ' ἡμῶν, Εἶτα, οὐκ ἀρκεσθεὶς τοῖς εἰρημένοις, τὸ μέγιστον σημεῖον τῆς περὶ ἡμᾶς ἀγάπης, καὶ ὃ συνεχῶς ἀεὶ περιστρέφει, τοῦτο καὶ ἐνταῦθα τίθησι, τὴν σφαγὴν τοῦ Παιδός. Οὐ γὰρ ἐδικαίωσε, φησὶ, μόνον καὶ ἐδόξασε καὶ συμμόρφους ἐποίησε τῆς εἰκόνος ἐκείνης, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τοῦ Παιδὸς ἐφείσατο διὰ σέ. Διὸ καὶ ἐπήγαγε, λέγων: Ὅς γε τοῦ ἰδίου Υἱοῦ οὐκ ἐφείσατο, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν πάντων παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν, πῶς οὐχὶ καὶ σὺν αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα ἡμῖν χαρίσεται; Καὶ μεθ' ὑπερβολῆς καὶ πολλῆς τῆς θερμότητος ταῖς λέξεσι κέχρηται, ἵνα αὐτοῦ ἐνδείξηται τὴν ἀγάπην. Πῶς οὖν ἡμᾶς προήσεται, ὑπὲρ ὧν τοῦ ἰδίου Υἱοῦ οὐκ ἐφείσατο, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν πάντων; Ἐννόησον γὰρ πόσης ἀγαθότητος τὸ καὶ τοῦ ἰδίου Υἱοῦ μὴ φείσασθαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκδοῦναι, καὶ ὑπὲρ πάντων ἐκδοῦναι, καὶ εὐτελῶν καὶ ἀγνωμόνων καὶ ἐχθρῶν καὶ βλασφήμων. Πῶς οὖν οὐχὶ καὶ σὺν αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα ἡμῖν χαρίσεται; Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν: Εἰ τὸν Υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐχαρίσατο, καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς ἐχαρίσατο, ἀλλὰ καὶ σφαγῇ παρέδωκε, τί λοιπὸν περὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἀμφιβάλλεις, τὸν Δεσπότην λαβών; τί διστάζεις περὶ τῶν κτημάτων, τὸν Κύριον ἔχων; Ὁ γὰρ τὸ μεῖζον τοῖς ἐχθροῖς δεδωκὼς, πῶς τὰ ἐλάττονα οὐ δώσει τοῖς φίλοις; Τίς ἐγκαλέσει κατὰ ἐκλεκτῶν Θεοῦ; γʹ. Ἐνταῦθα πρὸς τοὺς λέγοντας, ὅτι οὐδὲν ἡ πίστις ὠφελεῖ, καὶ ἀπιστοῦντας τῇ ἀθρόᾳ μεταβολῇ. Καὶ ὅρα πῶς ταχέως αὐτοὺς ἐπεστόμισεν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀξιώματος τοῦ ἐκλεξαμένου. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε, Τίς ἐγκαλέσει κατὰ τῶν δούλων τοῦ Θεοῦ, οὐδὲ, Κατὰ τῶν πιστῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ, Κατὰ τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ: ἡ γὰρ ἐκλογὴ ἀρετῆς σημεῖόν ἐστιν. Εἰ γὰρ ἐπειδὰν πωλοδάμνης πώλους ἐκλέξηται ἐπιτηδείους πρὸς τὸν δρόμον, οὐδεὶς ἐπισκῆψαι δυνήσεται, ἀλλὰ καταγέλαστος γίνεται, κἂν ἐγκαλέσῃ τις: πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὅταν ὁ Θεὸς ἐκλέγηται ψυχὰς, καταγέλαστοι οἱ ἐγκαλοῦντες. Θεὸς ὁ δικαιῶν, τίς ὁ κατακρίνων; Οὐκ εἶπε, Θεὸς ὁ ἀφεὶς ἁμαρτήματα, ἀλλ', ὃ πολλῷ μεῖζον ἦν, Θεὸς ὁ δικαιῶν. Ὅταν γὰρ ἡ τοῦ δικαστοῦ ψῆφος δίκαιον ἀποφήνῃ, καὶ δικαστοῦ τοιούτου, τίνος ἄξιος ὁ κατηγορῶν; Οὐκοῦν οὔτε τοὺς πειρασμοὺς φοβεῖσθαι δίκαιον: ὑπὲρ γὰρ ἡμῶν ἐστιν ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ ἐδήλωσεν ἐξ ὧν ἐποίησεν: οὔτε τὰς φλυαρίας τὰς Ἰουδαϊκάς: καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐξελέξατο ἡμᾶς καὶ ἐδικαίωσε, καὶ τὸ δὴ θαυμαστὸν, ὅτι διὰ τῆς σφαγῆς τοῦ Παιδὸς ἐδικαίωσε. Τίς οὖν ἡμᾶς καταδικάσει, τοῦ Θεοῦ στεφανοῦντος, τοῦ Χριστοῦ δι' ἡμᾶς σφαγέντος, καὶ οὐ σφαγέντος μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἐντυγχάνοντος ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν; Χριστὸς γὰρ, φησὶν, ὁ ἀποθανὼν, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἐγερθεὶς ἐκ νεκρῶν, ὅς ἐστιν ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὃς καὶ ἐντυγχάνει ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν. Καὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκείας ἀξίας φανεὶς, οὐ κατέλυσε τὴν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν πρόνοιαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐντυγχάνει ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν καὶ ἔτι τὴν αὐτὴν ἀγάπην μένει διατηρῶν. Οὐ γὰρ ἠρκέσθη τῇ σφαγῇ μόνον: ὅπερ μεγίστου μάλιστά ἐστι φίλτρου, τὸ μὴ μόνον τὰ εἰς αὐτὸν ἥκοντα ποιεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἕτερον ὑπὲρ τούτου παρακαλεῖν. Τοῦτο γὰρ μόνον διὰ τοῦ, ἐντυγχάνειν, δηλῶσαι ἐβουλήθη, ἀνθρωπινώτερον διαλεχθεὶς, καὶ συγκαταβατικώτερον, ἵνα τὴν ἀγάπην ἐνδείξηται: ἐπεὶ καὶ τὸ, Οὐκ ἐφείσατο, ἐὰν μὴ μετὰ ταύτης ἐκλάβωμεν τῆς ἐννοίας, πολλὰ τὰ ἄτοπα ἕψεται. Καὶ ἵνα μάθῃς, ὅτι τοῦτό ἐστιν, ὃ κατασκευάσαι βούλεται, πρότερον εἰπὼν, ὅτι Ἐστὶν ἐν δεξιᾷ, τότε ἐπήγαγεν, ὅτι Ἐντυγχάνει ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, ὅτι τὴν ὁμοτιμίαν ἔδειξε καὶ τὴν ἰσότητα, ἵνα λοιπὸν τὸ ἐντυγχάνειν οὐκ ἐλαττώσεως, ἀλλ' ἀγάπης φαίνηται μόνης ὄν. Ὁ γὰρ αὐτὸς ζωὴ ὢν καὶ πηγὴ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἁπάντων, καὶ μετ' ἐξουσίας τῆς αὐτῆς τῷ Πατρὶ, καὶ νεκροὺς ἐγείρων, καὶ ζωοποιῶν, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα πάντα ποιῶν, πῶς ἂν ἐντεύξεως ἐδεήθη εἰς τὸ ὠφελῆσαι ἡμᾶς; Ὁ ἀπεγνωσμένους καὶ καταδεδικασμένους ἐξ οἰκείας ἐξουσίας καὶ τῆς καταδίκης ἐκείνης ἀπαλλάξας, καὶ δικαίους καὶ υἱοὺς ποιήσας, καὶ πρὸς τὰς ἀνωτάτω τιμὰς ἀγαγὼν, καὶ τὰ μηδέποτε ἐλπισθέντα εἰς ἔργον ἀγαγὼν, πῶς ἂν μετὰ τὸ κατορθῶσαι πάντα, καὶ τὴν φύσιν τὴν ἡμετέραν δεῖξαι ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου τοῦ βασιλικοῦ, πρὸς τὰ εὐκολώτερα ἐντυχίας ἐδεῖτο; Ὁρᾷς πῶς πανταχόθεν δείκνυται, ὅτι τὸ ἐντυγχάνειν δι' οὐδὲν ἕτερον εἴρηκεν, ἀλλ' ἵνα τὸ θερμὸν καὶ ἀκμάζον τῆς περὶ ἡμᾶς ἀγάπης ἐνδείξηται; ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ φαίνεται παρακαλῶν ἀνθρώπους καταλλαγῆναι αὐτῷ. Ὑπὲρ γὰρ Χριστοῦ πρεσβεύομεν, ὡς τοῦ Θεοῦ παρακαλοῦντος δι' ἡμῶν. Ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ Θεοῦ παρακαλοῦντος, καὶ ἀνθρώπων ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ πρεσβευομένων πρὸς ἀνθρώπους, οὐδὲν ἀνάξιον ἐννοοῦμεν ἐντεῦθεν τῆς ἀξίας ἐκείνης, ἀλλ' ἓν μόνον ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων ἁπάντων συλλέγομεν, τὴν τῆς ἀγάπης ἐπίτασιν. Τοῦτο δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα ποιῶμεν. Εἰ τοίνυν καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα ὑπερεντυγχάνει στεναγμοῖς ἀλαλήτοις, καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἀπέθανε, καὶ ἐντυγχάνει ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ τοῦ ἰδίου Υἱοῦ οὐκ ἐφείσατο διὰ σὲ, καὶ ἐξελέξατό σε καὶ ἐδικαίωσε, τί λοιπὸν δέδοικας; τί δὲ τρέμεις, τοσαύτης ἀπολαύων ἀγάπης, καὶ τοσαύτης κηδεμονίας; Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο, δείξας πολλὴν τὴν ἄνωθεν πρόνοιαν, μετὰ παῤῥησίας λοιπὸν ἐπάγει τὰ ἑξῆς, καὶ οὐ λέγει, ὅτι Ὀφείλετε καὶ ὑμεῖς οὕτως αὐτὸν ἀγαπᾷν, ἀλλ', ὥσπερ ἔνθους γενόμενος ὑπὸ τῆς ἀφάτου ταύτης προνοίας, φησί: Τίς ἡμᾶς χωρίζει ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ Χριστοῦ, Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε: Τοῦ Θεοῦ: οὕτως ἀδιάφορον αὐτῷ, καὶ Χριστὸν καὶ Θεὸν ὀνομάζειν. Θλῖψις, ἢ στενοχωρία, ἢ διωγμὸς, ἢ λιμὸς, ἢ γυμνότης, ἢ κίνδυνος, ἢ μάχαιρα; Ὅρα τοῦ μακαρίου Παύλου σύνεσιν. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπε ταῦτα οἷς καθημέραν ἁλισκόμεθα, χρημάτων ἔρωτα καὶ δόξης ἐπιθυμίαν καὶ ὀργῆς τυραννίδα, ἀλλὰ ἃ πολλῷ τούτων ἐστὶ τυραννικώτερα, καὶ τὴν φύσιν αὐτὴν ἱκανὰ βιάσασθαι, καὶ διανοίας στεῤῥότητα ἀναμοχλεῦσαι πολλάκις καὶ ἀκόντων ἡμῶν, ταῦτα τίθησι, θλίψεις καὶ στενοχωρίας. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ εὐαρίθμητα τὰ εἰρημένα, ἀλλὰ μυρίους ἔχει πειρασμῶν ὁρμαθοὺς ἑκάστη λέξις. Ὅταν γὰρ εἴπῃ θλῖψιν, καὶ δεσμωτήρια λέγει καὶ δεσμὰ καὶ συκοφαντίας καὶ ἐξορίας καὶ τὰς ἄλλας ταλαιπωρίας ἁπάσας, ἑνὶ ῥήματι πέλαγος κινδύνων διατρέχων ἄπειρον, καὶ πάντα ἁπλῶς τὰ ἐν ἀνθρώποις δεινὰ διὰ μιᾶς ἡμῖν ἐμφαίνων λέξεως. Ἀλλ' ὅμως πάντων αὐτῶν κατατολμᾷ. Διὸ καὶ κατὰ ἐρώτησιν αὐτὸ προάγει ὡς ἀναντίῤῥητον ὂν, ὅτι τὸν οὕτως ἀγαπηθέντα, καὶ τοσαύτης ἀπολαύσαντα προνοίας, οὐδὲν ἔστιν ὃ διαστῆσαι δυνήσεται. δʹ. Εἶτα, ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ ταῦτα ἐγκαταλείψεως εἶναι. καὶ τὸν προφήτην ἐπάγει προαναφωνοῦντα ταῦτα πρὸ πολλοῦ τοῦ χρόνου, καὶ λέγοντα: Ὅτι ἕνεκεν σοῦ θανατούμεθα ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν, ἐλογίσθημεν ὡς πρόβατα σφαγῆς: τουτέστι, Πᾶσίν ἐσμεν προκείμενοι εἰς τὸ πάσχειν κακῶς. Ἀλλ' ὅμως πρὸς τοὺς τοσούτους καὶ τηλικούτους κινδύνους, καὶ τὰς καινὰς ταύτας τραγῳδίας ἀρκοῦσα παράκλησις ἡ τῶν ἀγώνων ἡμῖν ὑπόθεσις δέδοται: μᾶλλον δὲ οὐκ ἀρκοῦσα μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλῷ πλείων. Οὐ γὰρ δι' ἀνθρώπους οὐδὲ δι' ἄλλο τι βιωτικὸν ταῦτα πάσχομεν, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸν τῶν ὅλων, φησὶ, βασιλέα. Οὐ τούτῳ δὲ μόνον αὐτοὺς, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑτέρῳ πάλιν ἀνέδησε στεφάνῳ ποικίλῳ καὶ πολυειδεῖ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀνθρώπους ὄντας οὐκ ἐνῆν μυρίους ὑπομεῖναι θανάτους, δείκνυσιν ὅτι οὐδὲν ταύτῃ τὰ βραβεῖα ἠλάττωται. Κἂν γὰρ τῇ φύσει κεκληρωμένον ᾖ τὸ μόνον ἅπαξ ἀποθανεῖν, τῇ προαιρέσει τὸ καθημέραν τοῦτο πάσχειν, εἰ βουληθείημεν, δέδωκεν ὁ Θεός. Ὅθεν δῆλον, ὅτι τοσούτους ἀπελευσόμεθα ἔχοντες στεφάνους, ὅσας ἂν βιώσωμεν ἡμέρας: μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ πολλῷ πλείους: ἔστι γὰρ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ καὶ ἅπαξ καὶ δὶς καὶ πολλάκις ἀποθανεῖν. Ὁ γὰρ πρὸς τοῦτο παρεσκευασμένος, ἀεὶ τὸν μισθὸν ἀπηρτισμένον λαμβάνει. Τοῦτο γοῦν καὶ ὁ προφήτης αἰνιττόμενος ἔλεγεν: Ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν. Διὸ καὶ ὁ Ἀπόστολος αὐτὸν ἐπεισήγαγε, μειζόνως αὐτοὺς διεγείρων. Εἰ γὰρ οἱ ἐν τῇ Παλαιᾷ, φησὶ, καὶ γῆν τὸ ἔπαθλον τῶν πόνων ἔχοντες, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα τῷ παρόντι συγκαταλυόμενα βίῳ, οὕτω τῆς παρούσης ὑπερεώρων ζωῆς, καὶ τῶν πειρασμῶν καὶ τῶν κινδύνων, τίνα ἂν σχοίημεν συγγνώμην ἡμεῖς, μετὰ τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν τὴν ἄνω καὶ τὰ ἀπόῤῥητα ἀγαθὰ καταμαλακιζόμενοι, καὶ μηδὲ πρὸς τὸ αὐτὸ μέτρον φθάνοντες ἐκείνων; Ἀλλ' οὕτω μὲν οὐκ εἶπε, τῷ δὲ συνειδότι αὐτὸ καταλιπὼν τῶν ἀκροατῶν, τῇ μαρτυρίᾳ ἀρκεῖται μόνῃ, καὶ δείκνυσιν, ὅτι καὶ θυσία αὐτῶν τὰ σώματα γίνεται, καὶ οὐ δεῖ θορυβεῖσθαι, οὐδὲ ταράττεσθαι, τοῦ Θεοῦ οὕτως οἰκονομήσαντος. Καὶ ἑτέρως δὲ αὐτοὺς προτρέπει. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ λέγῃ τις, ὅτι ἁπλῶς ταῦτα φιλοσοφεῖ πρὸ τῆς πείρας τῶν πραγμάτων, ἐπήγαγεν: Ἐλογίσθημεν ὡς πρόβατα σφαγῆς, τοὺς καθημερινοὺς τῶν ἀποστόλων θανάτους λέγων. Εἶδες ἀνδρείαν καὶ ἐπιείκειαν; Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐκεῖνα, φησὶν, οὐκ ἀνθίσταται σφαττόμενα, οὕτως οὐδὲ ἡμεῖς. Ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης διανοίας ἡ ἀσθένεια καὶ μετὰ τοσαῦτα τὸ πλῆθος τῶν πειρασμῶν ἐδεδοίκει, ὅρα πῶς πάλιν ἀνίστησι τὸν ἀκροατὴν, καὶ ὑψηλὸν ποιεῖ καὶ γαῦρον, εἰπών: Ἀλλ' ἐν τούτοις πᾶσιν ὑπερνικῶμεν διὰ τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντος ἡμᾶς. Τὸ γὰρ δὴ θαυμαστὸν τοῦτό ἐστιν, οὐχ ὅτι νῦν νικῶμεν μόνον, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ δι' ὧν ἐπιβουλευόμεθα νικῶμεν. Καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς νικῶμεν, ἀλλ' ὑπερνικῶμεν, τουτέστι, μετὰ εὐκολίας ἁπάσης, χωρὶς ἱδρώτων καὶ πόνων. Οὐ γὰρ πράγματα ὑπομένοντες, ἀλλὰ τὴν γνώμην παρασκευάζοντες μόνον, οὕτω πανταχοῦ τὰ τρόπαια ἱστῶμεν κατὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν. Καὶ μάλα εἰκότως: Θεὸς γάρ ἐστιν ἡμῖν ὁ συναγωνιζόμενος. Μὴ τοίνυν ἀπιστήσῃς, εἰ μαστιζόμενοι τῶν μαστιζόντων περιγινόμεθα, εἰ ἐλαυνόμενοι τῶν διωκόντων κρατοῦμεν, εἰ ἀποθνήσκοντες τοὺς ζῶντας τρεπόμεθα. Ὅταν γὰρ καὶ τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ τὴν ἀγάπην θῇς, οὐδὲν τὸ κωλύον τὰ θαυμαστὰ ταῦτα ἐκβῆναι καὶ παράδοξα, καὶ τὴν ἐκ περιουσίας λάμψαι νίκην. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἁπλῶς ἐνίκων, ἀλλὰ μετὰ πολλοῦ τοῦ θαύματος, καὶ ὥστε μαθεῖν, ὅτι οὐ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους ὁ πόλεμος τοῖς ἐπιβουλεύουσιν ἦν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὴν ἄμαχον δύναμιν ἐκείνην. Ὅρα γοῦν τοὺς Ἰουδαίους ἐν μέσῳ αὐτοὺς ἔχοντας, καὶ διαποροῦντας καὶ λέγοντας: Τί ποιήσομεν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τούτοις; Τὸ γὰρ δὴ θαυμαστὸν τοῦτό ἐστιν, ὅτι κατέχοντες αὐτοὺς, καὶ ὑπευθύνους ἔχοντες, καὶ δεσμοῦντες, καὶ κόπτοντες, ἠπόρουν καὶ ἐν ἀμηχανίᾳ ἦσαν, δι' αὐτῶν τούτων ἡττώμενοι, δι' ὧν προσεδόκων νικᾷν. Καὶ οὔτε τύραννος, οὔτε δήμιοι, οὔτε δαιμόνων φάλαγγες, οὔτε αὐτὸς ὁ διάβολος περιγενέσθαι αὐτῶν ἴσχυσεν, ἀλλ' ἐκ πολλῆς ἅπαντες ἡττῶντο τῆς περιουσίας, ἅπερ κατ' αὐτῶν ἐμηχανῶντο, πάντα ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ὁρῶντες γινόμενα. Διὸ καὶ ἔλεγεν: Ὑπερνικῶμεν. Καινὸς γὰρ οὗτος ὁ νόμος τῆς νίκης ἦν, τὸ διὰ τῶν ἐναντίων κρατεῖν, καὶ μηδέποτε ἡττᾶσθαι, ἀλλ' ὡς αὐτοὺς ὄντας κυρίους τοῦ τέλους, οὕτως ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀγῶνας ἐξιέναι τούτους. Πέπεισμαι γὰρ, ὅτι οὔτε θάνατος οὔτε ζωὴ, οὔτε ἄγγελοι οὔτε ἀρχαὶ οὔτε δυνάμεις, οὔτε ἐνεστῶτα οὔτε μέλλοντα, οὔτε ὕψωμα οὔτε βάθος, οὔτε τις κτίσις ἑτέρα δυνήσεται ἡμᾶς χωρίσαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ Θεοῦ τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν. εʹ. Μεγάλα τὰ εἰρημένα: ἀλλ' οὐκ ἴσμεν αὐτὰ, ἐπειδὴ τοσαύτην ἀγάπην οὐκ ἔχομεν. Ἀλλ' ὅμως εἰ καὶ μεγάλα, δεῖξαι βουλόμενος οὐδὲν ὄντα πρὸς τὴν ἀγάπην, ἢν ἠγαπήθη παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ, μετ' ἐκείνην τότε τὴν αὐτοῦ τίθησιν, ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ μεγάλα λέγειν περὶ ἑαυτοῦ. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστι: Τί δεῖ, φησὶ, τὰ παρόντα λέγειν, καὶ τὰ τῷ βίῳ τούτῳ συγκεκληρωμένα δεινά. Κἂν γὰρ τὰ μέλλοντα εἴπῃ τις πράγματα, κἂν δυνάμεις, πράγματα μὲν ὡς θάνατον καὶ ζωὴν, δυνάμεις δὲ ὡς ἀγγέλους καὶ ἀρχαγγέλους, καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν ἄνω κτίσιν, καὶ ταῦτα ἐμοὶ μικρὰ πρὸς τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Οὔτε γὰρ, εἰ θάνατόν τις ἠπείλει τὸν μέλλοντα τὸν ἀθάνατον, ὥστε ἀπὸ τοῦ Χριστοῦ χωρίσαι, οὔτε εἰ ζωὴν ἐπηγγείλατο τὴν ἄπειρον, κατεδεξάμην ἄν. Τί δεῖ λέγειν βασιλεῖς τοὺς κάτω καὶ ὑπάτους; τὸν δεῖνα καὶ τὸν δεῖνα; Κἂν γὰρ ἀγγέλους μοι εἴπῃς, κἂν πάσας τὰς ἄνω δυνάμεις, κἂν πάντα τὰ ὄντα, κἂν πάντα τὰ μέλλοντα, πάντα ἐμοὶ μικρὰ, καὶ τὰ ἐν τῇ γῇ, καὶ τὰ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, καὶ τὰ ὑπὸ γῆν, καὶ τὰ ὑπὲρ οὐρανοὺς, πρὸς τὸ φίλτρον ἐκεῖνο. Εἶτα ὡς οὐκ ἀρκούντων τούτων παραστῆσαι τὸν πόθον, ὃν εἶχεν, ἕτερα πάλιν τοσαῦτα ὑποστησάμενός φησιν: Οὔτε τις κτίσις ἑτέρα. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν: Εἰ καὶ ἄλλη τοσαύτη κτίσις ἦν, ὅση ἡ ὁρωμένη, ὅση ἡ νοητὴ, οὐδὲν ἄν με τῆς ἀγάπης ἐκείνης ἀπέστησε. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγεν, οὐχ ὡς τῶν ἀγγέλων τοῦτο ἐπιχειρούντων, ἢ τῶν ἄλλων δυνάμεων, μὴ γένοιτο, ἀλλὰ μεθ' ὑπερβολῆς ἁπάσης τὸ φίλτρον, ὃ πρὸς τὸν Χριστὸν εἶχε, ἐπιδεῖξαι βουλόμενος. Οὐ γὰρ τὸν Χριστὸν ἐφίλει διὰ τὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἀλλὰ δι' αὐτὸν τὰ ἐκείνου, καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἑώρα μόνον, καὶ ἓν ἐδεδοίκει, τὸ μὴ τῆς ἀγάπης ἐκείνης ἐκπεσεῖν. Τοῦτο γὰρ αὐτῷ καὶ γεέννης φοβερώτερον ἦν, ὥσπερ καὶ τὸ μένειν ἐν αὐτῇ βασιλείας ποθεινότερον. Τίνος οὖν ἂν εἴημεν ἄξιοι λοιπὸν ἡμεῖς, ὅταν ἐκεῖνος μὲν μηδὲ τὰ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς θαυμάζῃ πρὸς τὸν τοῦ Χριστοῦ πόθον, ἡμεῖς δὲ τὰ ἐν τῷ βορβόρῳ καὶ τῷ πηλῷ τοῦ Χριστοῦ προτιμῶμεν; κἀκεῖνος μὲν διὰ τὸν πόθον αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰς γέενναν ἐμπεσεῖν καταδέχεται, καὶ βασιλείας ἐκπεσεῖν, εἴ γε ἀμφότερα ταῦτα προὔκειτο: ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐδὲ τοῦ παρόντος καταφρονοῦμεν βίου; Ἆρα ἄξιοι τῶν γοῦν ὑποδημάτων ἐσμὲν λοιπὸν τῶν ἐκείνου, τοσοῦτον ἀφεστηκότες αὐτοῦ τῆς μεγαλονοίας; Ἐκεῖνος μὲν γὰρ οὐδὲ βασιλείαν ἡγεῖταί τι διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν εἶναι, ἡμεῖς δὲ αὐτοῦ μὲν καταφρονοῦμεν, τῶν δὲ αὐτοῦ πολὺν ποιούμεθα λόγον. Καὶ εἴθε κἂν τῶν αὐτοῦ: νῦν δὲ οὐδὲ τοῦτο, ἀλλὰ καὶ βασιλείας ἡμῖν προκειμένης, ἐκείνην ἀφέντες. τὰς σκιὰς καὶ τὰ ὀνείρατα καθ' ἑκάστην διώκομεν τὴν ἡμέραν. Καίτοι γε ὁ Θεὸς φιλάνθρωπος ὢν καὶ σφόδρα ἥμερος, ταυτὸν ἐποίησεν, οἷον ἂν εἰ πατὴρ φιλόπαις, τοῦ παιδὸς δυσχεραίνοντος τὴν πρὸς αὐτὸν διηνεκῆ ὁμιλίαν, ἑτέρως ταύτην σοφίσαιτο. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ αὐτοῦ πόθον οὐκ ἔχομεν τὸν προσήκοντα, πολλὰ ἕτερα ἡμῖν προβάλλεται ὥστε ἡμᾶς κατασχεῖν πρὸς ἑαυτόν. Καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτω παραμένομεν, ἀλλ' ἀποπηδῶμεν πρὸς τὰ παιδικὰ ἀθύρματα. Ἀλλ' οὐχ ὁ Παῦλος οὕτως, ἀλλ' ὥσπερ τις εὐγενὴς παῖς καὶ ἐλεύθερος καὶ φιλοπάτωρ τὴν συνουσίαν τοῦ πατρὸς ἐπιζητεῖ μόνον, τῶν δὲ ἄλλων οὐ τοσοῦτον ποιεῖται λόγον: μᾶλλον δὲ, πολλῷ πλέον ἢ παῖς. Οὐ γὰρ ὁμοῦ καὶ τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὰ αὐτοῦ τιμᾷ, ἀλλ' ὅταν ἴδῃ πρὸς τὸν πατέρα, οὐδὲν ἐκεῖνα ἡγεῖται, ἀλλ' ἕλοιτο ἂν καὶ κολαζόμενος καὶ μαστιζόμενος εἶναι μετ' αὐτοῦ, ἢ χωριζόμενος αὐτοῦ τρυφᾷν. Ϛʹ. Φρίξωμεν τοίνυν ὅσοι μηδὲ χρημάτων διὰ τὸν Θεὸν καταφρονοῦμεν: μᾶλλον δὲ, ὅσοι μηδὲ χρημάτων δι' ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς καταφρονοῦμεν. Παῦλος γὰρ μόνος ἦν ὁ διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν γνησίως ἅπαντα πάσχων, οὐ διὰ βασιλείαν οὐδὲ διὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ τιμὴν, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν πρὸς ἐκεῖνον εὔνοιαν. Ἡμᾶς δὲ οὔτε ὁ Χριστὸς, οὔτε τὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, τῶν βιωτικῶν ἀφέλκει πραγμάτων, ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ὄφεις ἢ ἔχεις ἢ χοῖροι, ἢ καὶ ταῦτα πάντα ὁμοῦ, οὕτως ἐν τῇ ἰλύϊ συρόμεθα. Τί γὰρ τῶν θηρίων ἐκείνων ἡμεῖς ἀμείνους, οἱ τοσαῦτα καὶ τηλικαῦτα ἔχοντες παραδείγματα, καὶ ἔτι κάτω βλέποντες, καὶ μηδὲ μικρὸν ἀναβλέψαι πρὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνεχόμενοι; Ἀλλ' ὁ μὲν Θεὸς καὶ τὸν Υἱὸν ἐξέδωκε: σὺ δὲ οὐδὲ ἄρτου μεταδίδως αὐτῷ τῷ διὰ σὲ ἐκδοθέντι, τῷ διὰ σὲ σφαγέντι. Ὁ Πατὴρ διὰ σὲ αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐφείσατο, καὶ ταῦτα γνησίου ὄντος Παιδός: σὺ δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ λιμῷ τηκόμενον περιορᾷς, καὶ ταῦτα ἀπὸ τῶν αὐτοῦ μέλλων ἀναλίσκειν, καὶ διὰ σαυτὸν ἀναλίσκειν. Τί ταύτης τῆς παρανομίας χεῖρον γένοιτ' ἄν; Ἐξεδόθη διὰ σὲ, ἐσφάγη διὰ σὲ, περιέρχεται πεινῶν διὰ σὲ, ἐκ τῶν αὐτοῦ δίδως ἵνα αὐτὸς ὠφεληθῇς, καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτω δίδως. Ποίων οὐκ ἂν εἶεν ἀναισθητότεροι λίθων, οἱ τοσούτων αὐτοὺς ἑλκόντων πραγμάτων, ἐπὶ τῆς διαβολικῆς ταύτης μένοντες ὠμότητος; Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἠρκέσθη τῷ θανάτῳ καὶ τῷ σταυρῷ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πένης γενέσθαι κατεδέξατο καὶ ξένος καὶ ἀλήτης καὶ γυμνὸς, καὶ εἰς δεσμωτήριον ἐμπεσεῖν, καὶ ἀῤῥωστίαν ὑπομεῖναι, ἵνα κἂν οὕτω σε ἐκκαλέσηται. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἀμείβῃ με, φησὶν, ὡς ὑπὲρ σοῦ τι παθόντα, διὰ τὴν πενίαν ἐλέησον. Εἰ δὲ μὴ βούλει διὰ τὴν πενίαν ἐλεῆσαι, διὰ τὴν νόσον ἐπικάμφθητι, διὰ δὲ τὸ δεσμωτήριον ἐπικλάσθητι: εἰ δὲ μηδὲ ταῦτά σε ποιεῖ φιλάνθρωπον, διὰ τὸ κοῦφον τῆς αἰτήσεως ἐπίνευσον. Οὐδὲν γὰρ αἰτῶ πολυτελὲς, ἀλλὰ ἄρτον καὶ στέγην καὶ ῥημάτων παράκλησιν. Εἰ δὲ καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἔτι μένεις ἄγριος ὢν, κἂν διὰ τὴν βασιλείαν γενοῦ βελτίων, κἂν διὰ τὰ ἔπαθλα ἃ ὑπεσχόμην. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἐκείνων ἐστί τίς σοι λόγος; Κἂν πρὸς τὴν φύσιν αὐτὴν ἐπικλάσθητι, γυμνὸν ὁρῶν, καὶ τῆς γυμνότητος ἀναμνήσθητι ἐκείνης, ἣν ἐγυμνώθην ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ διὰ σέ. Εἰ δὲ ἐκείνης οὐ βούλει, κἂν ταύτης, ἢν διὰ τῶν πενήτων γυμνοῦμαι. Ἐδεήθην τότε διὰ σὲ, ἀλλὰ καὶ νῦν διὰ σὲ, ἵνα εἴτε ἐντεῦθεν, εἴτε ἐκεῖθεν προαχθεὶς, βουληθῇς ποιῆσαί τινα ἔλεον: ἐνήστευσα διὰ σὲ, πάλιν πεινῶ διὰ σέ: ἐδίψησα κρεμάμενος ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ, διψῶ καὶ διὰ τῶν πενήτων, ἵνα καὶ ἐξ ἐκείνων καὶ ἐκ τούτων ἐπισπάσωμαί σε πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν, καὶ ποιήσω φιλάνθρωπον ἐπὶ σωτηρίᾳ τῇ σῇ. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ μυρίων ὀφείλοντά σε εὐεργετημάτων ἀμοιβὴν ἐμοὶ, οὐχ ὡς ὀφείλοντα ἀπαιτῶ, ἀλλ' ὡς χαριζόμενον στεφανῶ, καὶ βασιλείαν δωροῦμαι ἀντὶ τῶν μικρῶν τούτων. Οὐδὲ γὰρ λέγω, Λῦσόν μοι τὴν πενίαν, οὐδὲ, Χάρισαί μοι πλοῦτον, καίτοι γε ἐπτώχευσα διὰ σέ: ἀλλ' ὅμως ἄρτον αἰτῶ καὶ ἱμάτιον καὶ λιμοῦ παραμυθίαν μικράν. Κἂν εἰς δεσμωτήριον ἐμπέσω, οὐκ ἀναγκάζω τὰ δεσμὰ λῦσαι καὶ ἐκβαλεῖν, ἀλλ' ἓν ἐπιζητῶ μόνον, ἵνα ἴδῃς δεδεμένον διὰ σὲ, καὶ ἀρκοῦσαν ἔλαβον χάριν, καὶ ὑπὲρ τούτου μόνου τὸν οὐρανόν σοι χαρίζομαι. Καίτοι γε ἐγὼ χαλεπωτάτων σε ἔλυσα δεσμῶν, ἀλλ' ἐμοὶ μόνον ἀρκεῖ, ἂν βουληθῇς ἰδεῖν με δεδεμένον. Δύναμαι μὲν γὰρ χωρὶς τούτων σε στεφανοῦν, βούλομαι δέ σοι καὶ ὀφειλέτης εἶναι, ἵνα φέρῃ σοί τινα καὶ παῤῥησίαν ὁ στέφανος. Καὶ διὰ τοῦτο καὶ δυνάμενος ἐμαυτὸν θρέψαι, περιέρχομαι προσαιτῶν, καὶ ταῖς θύραις σου παριστάμενος προτείνω χεῖρα. Παρὰ σοῦ γὰρ τραφῆναι ἐπιθυμῶ: φιλῶ γάρ σε σφόδρα: διὸ καὶ τῆς τραπέζης ἐρῶ τῆς σῆς, ὃ τοῖς φιλοῦσιν ἔθος ἐστὶ, καὶ ἐγκαλλωπίζομαι τούτῳ, καὶ τοῦ θεάτρου παρόντος τῆς οἰκουμένης, ἀνακηρύττω σε τότε, καὶ πάντων ἀκουόντων, ἐνδείκνυμαι τὸν τροφέα τὸν ἐμόν. Καίτοι γε ἡμεῖς ὅταν παρά τινος τραφῶμεν, αἰσχυνόμεθα τοῦτο καὶ συσκιάζομεν: αὐτὸς δὲ ἐπειδὴ σφόδρα ἡμᾶς φιλεῖ, κἂν ἡμεῖς σιγῶμεν, ἀναγορεύει τότε τὸ γεγενημένον μετὰ πολλῶν τῶν ἐγκωμίων, καὶ οὐκ αἰσχύνεται εἰπεῖν, ὅτι καὶ γυμνὸν ὄντα αὐτὸν περιεβάλομεν, καὶ πεινῶντα ἐθρέψαμεν. Ταῦτ' οὖν ἅπαντα ἐννοοῦντες, μὴ μέχρι τῶν ἐπαίνων στῶμεν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπιτελέσωμεν τὰ εἰρημένα. Τί γὰρ ὄφελος τῶν κρότων καὶ τῶν θορύβων τούτων; Ἓν ζητῶ παρ' ὑμῶν μόνον, τὴν διὰ τῶν ἔργων ἐπίδειξιν, τὴν διὰ τῶν πραγμάτων ὑπακοήν: τοῦτο ἔπαινος ἐμὸς, τοῦτο κέρδος ὑμέτερον, τοῦτο διαδήματός μοι λαμπρότερον. Τοῦτον τοίνυν ἀπελθόντες καὶ ὑμῖν καὶ ἐμοὶ κατασκευάσετε τὸν στέφανον διὰ τῆς τῶν πενήτων χειρὸς, ἵνα καὶ κατὰ τὸν παρόντα βίον χρηστῇ συντραφῶμεν ἐλπίδι, καὶ πρὸς τὴν μέλλουσαν ἀπελθόντες ζωὴν, τῶν μυρίων ἐπιτύχωμεν ἀγαθῶν: ὧν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι δόξα, κράτος, τιμὴ, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.