Chapter 16.—A Specimen of a Catechetical Address; And First, the Case of a Catechumen with Worthy Views.

24. Nevertheless, however that may be, let us here suppose that some one has come to us who desires to be made a Christian, and who belongs indeed to the order of private persons,98    Idiotarum and yet not to the class of rustics, but to that of the city-bred, such as those whom you cannot fail to come across in numbers in Carthage. Let us also suppose that, on being asked whether the inducement leading him to desire to be a Christian is any advantage looked for in the present life, or the rest which is hoped for after this life, he has answered that his inducement has been the rest that is yet to come. Then perchance such a person might be instructed by us in some such strain of address as the following: “Thanks be to God, my brother; cordially do I wish you joy, and I am glad on your account that, amid all the storms of this world, which are at once so great and so dangerous, you have bethought yourself of some true and certain security. For even in this life men go in quest of rest and security at the cost of heavy labors, but they fail to find such in consequence of their wicked lusts. For their thought is to find rest in things which are unquiet, and which endure not. And these objects, inasmuch as they are withdrawn from them and pass away in the course of time, agitate them by fears and griefs, and suffer them not to enjoy tranquillity. For if it be that a man seeks to find his rest in wealth, he is rendered proud rather than at ease. Do we not see how many have lost their riches on a sudden,—how many, too, have been undone by reason of them, either as they have been coveting to possess them, or as they have been borne down and despoiled of them by others more covetous than themselves? And even should they remain with the man all his life long, and never leave their lover, yet would he himself (have to) leave them at his death. For of what measure is the life of man, even if he lives to old age? Or when men desire for themselves old age, what else do they really desire but long infirmity? So, too, with the honors of this world,—what are they but empty pride and vanity, and peril of ruin? For holy Scripture speaks in this wise: ‘All flesh is grass, and the glory of man is as the flower of grass. The grass withereth, the flower thereof falleth away; but the word of the Lord endureth for ever.’99    Isa. xl. 6, 8; 1 Pet. i. 24, 25 Consequently, if any man longs for true rest and true felicity, he ought to lift his hope off things which are mortal and transitory, and fix it on the word of the Lord; so that, cleaving to that which endures for ever, he may himself together with it endure for ever.

25. “There are also other men who neither crave to be rich nor go about seeking the vain pomps of honors, but who nevertheless are minded to find their pleasure and rest in dainty meats, and in fornications, and in those theatres and spectacles which are at their disposal in great cities for nothing. But it fares with these, too, in the same way; or they waste their small means in luxury, and subsequently, under pressure of want, break out into thefts and burglaries, and at times even into highway robberies, and so they are suddenly filled with fears both numerous and great; and men who a little before were singing in the house of revelry, are now dreaming of the sorrows of the prison. Moreover, in their eager devotion to the public spectacles, they come to resemble demons, as they incite men by their cries to wound each other, and instigate those who have done them no hurt to engage in furious contests with each other, while they seek to please an insane people. And if they perceive any such to be peaceably disposed, they straightway hate them and persecute them, and raise an outcry, asking that they should be beaten with clubs, as if they had been in collusion to cheat them; and this iniquity they force even the judge, who is the (appointed) avenger of iniquities, to perpetrate. On the other hand, if they observe such men exerting themselves in horrid hostilities against each other, whether they be those who are called sintœ,100    Reading sive sintœ qui appellantur, for which there occur such varieties of reading as these: sint athletæ qui appellantur = those who are called athletes; or sint æqui appellantur; or simply sint qui appellantur = whatever name they bear, whether actors, etc. The term sintæ, borrowed from the Greek Σίνται = devourers, spoilers, may have been a word in common use among the Africans, as the Benedictine editors suggest, for designating some sort of coarse characters. or theatrical actors and players,101    Thymelici, strictly = the musicians belonging to the thymele, or orchestra. or charioteers, or hunters,—those wretched men whom they engage in conflicts and struggles, not only men with men, but even men with beasts,—then the fiercer the fury with which they perceive these unhappy creatures rage against each other, the better they like them, and the greater the enjoyment they have in them; and they favor them when thus excited,102    Reading incitatis favent, for which some mss. give incitati = excited themselves, they favor them; and others have incitantes = exciting them, they favor them. and by so favoring them they excite them all the more, the spectators themselves striving more madly with each other, as they espouse the cause of different combatants, than is the case even with those very men whose madness they madly provoke, while at the same time they also long to be spectators of the same in their mad frenzy.103    Compare a passage in the Confessions, vi. 13. How then can that mind keep the soundness of peace which feeds on strifes and contentions? For just as is the food which is received, such is the health which results. In fine, although mad pleasures are no pleasures, nevertheless let these things be taken as they are, and it still remains the case that, whatever their nature may be, and whatever the measure of enjoyment yielded by the boasts of riches, and the inflation of honors, and the spendthrift pleasures of the taverns, and the contests of the theatres, and the impurity of fornications, and the pruriency of the baths, they are all things of which one little fever deprives us, while, even from those who still survive, it takes away the whole false happiness of their life. Then there remains only a void and wounded conscience, destined to apprehend that God as a Judge whom it refused to have as a Father, and destined also to find a severe Lord in Him whom it scorned to seek and love as a tender Father. But thou, inasmuch as thou seekest that true rest which is promised to Christians after this life, wilt taste the same sweet and pleasant rest even here among the bitterest troubles of this life, if thou continuest to love the commandments of Him who hath promised the same. For quickly wilt thou feel that the fruits of righteousness are sweeter than those of unrighteousness, and that a man finds a more genuine and pleasurable joy in the possession of a good conscience in the midst of troubles than in that of an evil conscience in the midst of delights. For thou hast not come to be united to the Church of God with the idea of seeking from it any temporal advantage.

CAPUT XVI.

24. Formula orationis catechistae. Exordium ductum a laudabili proposito suscipiendae christianae religionis, propter futuram requiem. Requies in rebus inquietis non quaerenda. Non in divitiis, nec in 0329 honoribus. Requiem quaerentes in oblectamentis carnis et in spectaculis. Sed tamen faciamus aliquem venisse ad nos, qui vult esse christianus, et de genere quidem idiotarum, non tamen rusticanorum, sed urbanorum, quales apud Carthaginem plures experiri te necesse est: interrogatum etiam utrum propter vitae praesentis aliquod commodum, an propter requiem quae post hanc vitam speratur, christianus esse desiderat, propter futuram requiem respondisse: tali fortasse a nobis instrueretur alloquio. Deo gratias, frater: valde tibi gratulor, et gaudeo de te, quod in tantis ac tam periculosis hujus saeculi tempestatibus de aliqua vera et certa securitate cogitasti. Nam et in hac vita homines magnis laboribus requiem quaerunt et securitatem, sed pravis cupiditatibus non inveniunt. Volunt enim requiescere in rebus inquietis et non permanentibus: et quia illae tempore subtrahuntur et transeunt, timoribus et doloribus eos agitant, nec quietos esse permittunt. Sive enim in divitiis velit homo requiescere, magis superbus efficitur, quam securus. Annon videmus quam multi eas subito perdiderint, multi etiam propter illas perierint, aut cum eas habere cupiunt, aut cum eis oppressis a cupidioribus auferuntur ? Quae si etiam per totam vitam cum homine permanerent, et non desererent dilectorem suum, ipse illas sua morte desereret. Quanta est enim vita hominis, etiamsi senescat? Aut cum sibi homines optant senectutem, quid aliud optant nisi longam infirmitatem? Sic et honores hujus saeculi, quid sunt nisi typhus, et inanitas , et ruinae periculum? Quia sic Scriptura sancta dicit: Omnis caro fenum, et claritas hominis ut flos feni. Fenum aruit, flos decidit; verbum autem Domini manet in aeternum (Isai XL, 6-8). Ideo qui veram requiem et veram felicitatem desiderat, debet tollere spem suam de rebus mortalibus et praetereuntibus, et eam collocare in verbo Domini; ut haerens ei quod manet in aeternum, etiam ipse cum illo maneat in aeternum.

25. Sunt etiam homines qui nec divites quaerunt esse, nec ad vanas honorum pompas ambiunt pervenire: sed gaudere et requiescere volunt in popinis et in fornicationibus, et in theatris atque spectaculis nugacitatis quae in magnis civitatibus gratis habent. Sed sic etiam ipsi aut consumunt per luxuriam paupertatem suam, et ab egestate postea in furta et effracturas, et aliquando etiam in latrocinia prosiliunt, et subito multis et magnis timoribus implentur; et qui in popina paulo ante cantabant, jam planctus carceris somniant. Studiis autem spectaculorum fiunt daemonibus similes, clamoribus suis incitando homines ut se invicem caedant, secumque habeant contentiosa certamina qui se non laeserunt, dum placere insano populo cupiunt: quos si animadverterint esse concordes, tunc eos oderunt et persequuntur, et tanquam collusores ut fustibus verberentur 0330 exclamant, et hanc iniquitatem facere etiam vindicem iniquitatum judicem cogunt; si autem horrendas adversus invicem inimicitias eos exercere cognoverint, sive sintae qui appellantur , sive scenici et thymelici, sive aurigae, sive venatores, quos miseros non solum homines cum hominibus, sed etiam homines cum bestiis in certamen pugnamque committunt; quo majore adversus invicem discordia furere senserint, eo magis amant et delectantur, et incitatis favent, et faventes incitant, plus adversus se ipsos insanientes ipsi spectatores alter pro altero, quam illi quorum insaniam insani provocant, sed insaniendo spectare desiderant. Quomodo ergo sanitatem pacis tenere animus potest, qui discordiis et certaminibus pascitur? Qualis enim cibus sumitur, talis valetudo consequitur. Postremo quamvis insana gaudia non sint gaudia, tamen qualiacumque sint, et quantumlibet delectet jactantia divitiarum, et tumor honorum, vorago popinarum, et bella theatrorum , et immunditia fornicationum, et prurigo thermarum; aufert omnia ista una febricula, et adhuc viventibus totam falsam beatitudinem subtrahit: remanet inanis et saucia conscientia, Deum sensura judicem, quem noluit habere custodem; et inventura asperum Dominum, quem dulcem patrem quaerere et amare contempsit. Tu autem quia veram requiem quae post hanc vitam Christianis promittitur quaeris, etiam hic eam inter amarissimas vitae hujus molestias suavem jucundamque gustabis, si ejus qui eam promisit praecepta dilexeris. Cito enim senties dulciores esse justitiae fructus quam iniquitatis, et verius atque jucundius gaudere hominem de bona conscientia inter molestias, quam de mala inter delicias; quia non sic venisti conjungi Ecclesiae Dei, ut ex ea temporalem aliquam utilitatem requiras.