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Justin Martyr, Hortatory Address to the Greeks
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Justin’s Hortatory Address to the Greeks
Chapter I.—Reasons for addressing the Greeks.
Chapter II—The poets are unfit to be religious teachers.
Chapter III.—Opinions of the school of Thales.
Chapter IV.—Opinions of Pythagoras and Epicurus.
Chapter V.—Opinions of Plato and Aristotle.
Chapter VI.—Further disagreements between Plato and Aristotle.
Chapter VII.—Inconsistencies of Plato’s doctrine.
Chapter VIII.—Antiquity, inspiration, and harmony of Christian teachers.
Chapter IX.—The antiquity of Moses proved by Greek writers.
Chapter X—Training and inspiration of Moses.
Chapter XI.—Heathen oracles testify of Moses.
Chapter XII.—Antiquity of Moses proved.
Chapter XIII.—History of the Septuagint.
Chapter XIV.—A warning appeal to the Greeks.
Chapter XV.—Testimony of Orpheus to monotheism.
Chapter XVI.—Testimony of the Sibyl.
Chapter XVII.—Testimony of Homer.
Chapter XVIII.—Testimony of Sophocles.
Chapter XIX.—Testimony of Pythagoras.
Chapter XX.—Testimony of Plato.
Chapter XXI.—The namelessness of God.
Chapter XXII.—Studied ambiguity of Plato.
Chapter XXIII.—Plato’s self-contradiction.
Chapter XXIV.—Agreement of Plato and Homer.
Chapter XXV.—Plato’s knowledge of God’s eternity.
Chapter XXVI.—Plato indebted to the prophets.
Chapter XXVII.—Plato’s knowledge of the judgment.
Chapter XXVIII.—Homer’s obligations to the sacred writers.
Chapter XXIX.—Origin of Plato’s doctrine of form.
Chapter XXX.—Homer’s knowledge of man’s origin.
Chapter XXXI.—Further proof of Plato’s acquaintance with Scripture.
Chapter XXXII.—Plato’s doctrine of the heavenly gift.
Chapter XXXIII.—Plato’s idea of the beginning of time drawn from Moses.
Chapter XXXIV.—Whence men attributed to God human form.
Chapter XXXV.—Appeal to the Greeks.
And if any person investigates the subject of images, and inquires on what ground those who first fashioned your gods conceived that they had the forms of men, he will find that this also was derived from the divine history. For seeing that Moses's history, speaking in the person of God, says, “Let Us make man in our image and likeness,” these persons, under the impression that this meant that men were like God in form, began thus to fashion their gods, supposing they would make a likeness from a likeness. But why, ye men of Greece, am I now induced to recount these things? That ye may know that it is not possible to learn the true religion from those who were unable, even on those subjects by which they won the admiration of the heathen,78 Literally, “those without.” to write anything original, but merely propounded by some allegorical device in their own writings what they had learned from Moses and the other prophets.
Εἰ δὲ καὶ τὸν περὶ τῶν ἀγαλμάτων τις ἐξετάζοι λόγον, πόθεν ὁρμώμενοι οἱ πρῶτοι τοὺς θεοὺς ὑμῶν κατασκευάσαντες ἀνθρώπων μορφὰς ἔχειν αὐτοὺς διέγνωσαν, εὑρήσει καὶ τοῦτο ἀπὸ τῆς θείας ἱστορίας αὐτοὺς μεμαθηκότας. Τῆς γὰρ Μωϋσέως ἱστορίας ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ θεοῦ λεγούσης: Ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατ' εἰκόνα ἡμετέραν καὶ ὁμοίωσιν, ὡς οὕτως εἰρῆσθαι τῶν ἀνθρώπων κατὰ τὴν μορφὴν ἐοικότων τῷ θεῷ, οὕτως κατασκευάζειν τοὺς θεοὺς αὐτῶν ἤρξαντο, ἐκ τοῦ ὁμοίου τὸ ὅμοιον δημιουργεῖν οἰόμενοι. Τοῦ χάριν μνημονεῦσαι τούτων νυνὶ προήχθην, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἕλληνες; Ἵνα γνῶτε ὅτι τὴν ἀληθῆ θεοσέβειαν οὐ δυνατὸν παρὰ τούτων μανθάνειν τῶν μηδὲ ἐν οἷς ὑπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν ἐθαυμάσθησαν ἴδιόν τι γράψαι δυνηθέντων, ἀλλὰ διά τινος ἀλληγορίας τὰ ὑπὸ Μωϋσέως καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν προφητῶν εἰρημένα ἐν τοῖς ἑαυτῶν συγγράμμασιν ἀπηγγελκότων.