Athanasius of Alexandria, On the Incarnation of the Word

But what king that ever was, before he had strength to call father or mother, reigned and gained triumphs over his enemies106 Isa. viii. 4, where note LXX.? Did not David come to the throne at thirty years of age, and Solomon, when he had grown to be a young man? Did not Joas enter on the kingdom when seven years old, and Josias, a still later king, receive the government about the seventh year of his age? And yet they at that age had strength to call father or mother. 2. Who, then, is there that was reigning and spoiling his enemies almost before his birth? Or what king of this sort has ever been in Israel and in Juda—let the Jews, who have searched out the matter, tell us—in whom all the nations have placed their hopes and had peace, instead of being at enmity with them on every side? 3. For as long as Jerusalem stood there was war without respite betwixt them, and they all fought with Israel; the Assyrians oppressed them, the Egyptians persecuted them, the Babylonians fell upon them; and, strange to say, they had even the Syrians their neighbours at war against them. Or did not David war against them of Moab, and smite the Syrians, Josias guard against his neighbours, and Ezechias quail at the boasting of Senacherim, and Amalek make war against Moses, and the Amorites oppose him, and the inhabitants of Jericho array themselves against Jesus son of Naue? And, in a word, treaties of friendship had no place between the nations and Israel. Who, then, it is on whom the nations are to set their hope, it is worth while to see. For there must be such an one, as it is impossible for the prophet to have spoken falsely. 4. But which of the holy prophets or of the early patriarchs has died on the Cross for the salvation of all? Or who was wounded and destroyed for the healing of all? Or which of the righteous men, or kings, went down to Egypt, so that at his coming the idols of Egypt fell107 Cf. Letter 61. 4.? For Abraham went thither, but idolatry prevailed universally all the same. Moses was born there, and the deluded worship of the people was there none the less.

Τίς δὲ πώποτε τῶν γενομένων βασιλέων “πρὶν ἰσχῦσαι καλεῖν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα” ἐβασίλευσε καὶ τρόπαια κατὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν εἴληφεν; οὐ ∆αβὶδ τριακονταετὴς ἐβασί λευσε, καὶ Σαλομὼν νέος γεγονὼς ἐβασίλευσεν; Οὐκ Ἰωὰς ἐτῶν ἑπτὰ γενόμενος ἐπὶ τὴν βασιλείαν παρῆλθε, καὶ ὁ ἔτι κατωτέρω Ἰωσίας περὶ ἔτη γεγονὼς ἑπτὰ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἀντελάβετο; Ἀλλὰ καὶ ὅμως οὗτοι ταύτην ἄγοντες τὴν ἡλικίαν, ἴσχυον καλεῖν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα. Τίς οὖν ἄρα ἐστὶν ὁ σχεδὸν πρὶν γενέσεως βασιλεύων, καὶ σκυλεύων τοὺς ἐχθρούς; Τίς δὲ τοιοῦτος γέγονε βασιλεὺς ἐν τῷ Ἰσραήλ, καὶ ἐν τῷ Ἰούδᾳ, λεγέτωσαν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι διερευνήσαντες, ἐφ' ὃν τὰ ἔθνη πάντα τὴν ἐλπίδα τέθεινται καὶ εἰρήνην ἔσχε; Καὶ οὐ μᾶλλον ἠναντιοῦντο πανταχόθεν αὐτοῖς; Ἕως γὰρ συνειστήκει ἡ Ἰερουσαλήμ, πόλεμος ἦν ἄσπονδος αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐμάχοντο πάντες πρὸς τὸν Ἰσραήλ, Ἀσσύριοι μὲν θλίβοντες, Αἰγύπτιοι δὲ διώκοντες, Βαβυλώνιοι δὲ ἐπιβαίνοντες· καὶ τό γε θαυμαστόν, ὅτι καὶ Σύρους τοὺς ἐκ γειτόνων ἀντιπολεμοῦντας εἶχον αὐτοῖς. Ἢ οὐχὶ ∆αβὶδ τοὺς ἐν Μωὰβ ἐπολέμει, καὶ τοὺς Σύρους ἐξέκοπτεν, Ἰωσίας τοὺς πλησίον ἐφυλάττετο, καὶ Ἐζεκίας ἐδειλία τὴν ἀλαζονείαν τοῦ Σεναχηρείμ, καὶ Μωϋσεῖ ὁ Ἀμαλὴκ ἐστρατεύετο, καὶ οἱ Ἀμορραῖοι ἠναντιοῦντο Ἰησοῦ τῷ τοῦ Ναυὴ, οἱ τὴν Ἱεριχὼ κατοικοῦντες ἀντιπαρετάσσοντο; Καὶ ὅλως ἄσπονδα ἦν τοῖς ἔθνεσι πρὸς τὸν Ἰσραὴλ τὰ τῆς φιλίας; Τίς οὖν ἐστὶν εἰς ὃν τὰ ἔθνη τὴν ἐλπίδα τίθεται, ἄξιον ἰδεῖν· εἶναι γὰρ δεῖ, ἐπεὶ καὶ τὸν προφήτην ἀδύνατον ψεύσασθαι. Τίνος δὲ τῶν ἁγίων προφητῶν ἢ τῶν ἄνωθεν πατριαρχῶν ὁ θάνατος ἐν σταυρῷ γέγονεν ὑπὲρ τῆς πάντων σωτηρίας; Ἢ τίς ἐτραυ ματίσθη καὶ ἀνῃρέθη ὑπὲρ τῆς πάντων ὑγείας; Τίς δὲ τῶν δικαίων ἢ τῶν βασιλέων κατῆλθεν εἰς Αἴγυπτον, καὶ τῇ τούτου καθόδῳ τὰ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων εἴδωλα πέπαυται; Ἀβραὰμ μὲν γὰρ κατῆλθε, καὶ πάλιν ἡ εἰδωλολατρία κατὰ πάντων. Μωϋσῆς ἐκεῖ γεγέννηται, καὶ οὐδὲν ἧττον ἦν ἐκεῖ ἡ τῶν πεπλανημένων θρησκεία.