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Second, that one must not despair of the servile class, even if it should descend to the furthest depth of wickedness. For if the thief, the runaway, became so virtuous that Paul wished to make him a partner, and writing said, 'That in your stead he might minister unto me'; much more should we not despair of free men. Third, that it is not fitting to tear away slaves from their masters. For if Paul, who had such confidence in Philemon, was unwilling to keep Onesimus, who was so useful and profitable to him for ministry, without the consent of his master, much more ought we not to do this. For if the servant is admirable, for this reason especially he should remain in slavery, and acknowledge his master's authority, so that he may be a cause of benefit to all in the house. Why do you take the lamp from the lampstand to put it under a bushel? If only it were possible to push those from outside into the cities. What 62.704 then, he says, if he himself should also become worthless? Why, tell me, I ask? Because he entered the city? But consider that being outside he will be more worthless; for he who became worthless inside, will be much more so outside; for here he is freed even from necessary care, as his master provides for him; but there the care for these things will perhaps lead him away even from more necessary and spiritual matters.

For this reason also the blessed Paul, introducing the best counsel to them, said: 'Were you called as a slave? Do not be concerned about it; but if you can be made free, rather use it'; that is, 'Remain in slavery.' But what is most necessary of all, 'that the word of God be not blasphemed,' as he himself writing said. 'Let as many slaves as are under the yoke count their own masters worthy of all honor, that the name of God and his doctrine be not blasphemed.' For even the Greeks will say that one can please God even while being a slave; since many are brought to the necessity of blaspheming and saying, Christianity has been introduced into life for the subversion of all things, with masters being deprived of their servants, and the matter is one of violence. Shall I say something else? It teaches us not to be ashamed of our servants, if they should be virtuous. For if Paul, the most admirable of all men, says so much about this, much more should we about our own. Since, then, there are so many right achievements—and yet we have not mentioned all—does anyone consider it superfluous that this epistle also was included? And how would this not be of the utmost folly? Let us therefore attend, I beseech you, to the epistle written by the Apostle; for having already gained so much, we shall gain more from its texture.

62.703 HOMILY I.

Paul, a prisoner of Jesus Christ, and Timothy our brother, to Philemon our beloved and fellow-worker, and to our beloved Apphia, and Archippus our fellow-soldier, and to the Church in your house: Grace to you and peace from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ.

1. These things are on behalf of a servant to his master. Immediately from the opening he broke down his pride, did not let him be ashamed, extinguished his anger; by calling himself a prisoner, he moved him to compunction and restrained him, he made present matters seem to be of no account. For if being in bonds for Christ is not a shame, but even a boast, much more is slavery not a reproach. And he says these things not exalting himself, but doing this for a beneficial purpose, and showing his trustworthiness from this, not for his own sake, but that he might receive the favor more readily; as if he were saying, 'For your sakes I wear these bonds'; just as he also said elsewhere, there showing his concern, but here his trustworthiness. Nothing is greater than this boast, to hear that

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∆εύτερον, ὅτι τὸ δουλικὸν γένος οὐ δεῖ ἀπογινώσκειν, κἂν εἰς ἐσχάτην ἐλάσῃ κακίαν. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ κλέπτης, ὁ δραπέτης οὕτως ἐγένετο ἐνάρετος, ὡς θέλειν τὸν Παῦλον κοινωνὸν αὐτὸν καταστῆσαι, καὶ γράφων ἔλεγεν· Ἵνα ὑπὲρ σοῦ διακονῇ μοι· πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐλευθέρους ἀπογινώσκειν οὐ χρή. Τρίτον, ὅτι τοὺς δούλους ἀποσπᾷν τῶν δεσποτῶν οὐ προσήκει. Εἰ γὰρ Παῦλος, ὁ οὕτω θαῤῥῶν τῷ Φιλήμονι, τὸν Ὀνήσιμον, τὸν οὕτως εὔχρηστον καὶ χρήσιμον αὐτῷ πρὸς διακονίαν, οὐκ ἠθέλησε κατασχεῖν παρὰ γνώμην τοῦ δεσπότου· πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡμᾶς τοῦτο ποιεῖν οὐ χρή. Εἰ γὰρ θαυμαστός ἐστιν ὁ οἰκέτης, ταύτῃ μάλιστα μένειν αὐτὸν χρὴ ἐν τῇ δουλείᾳ, καὶ τὴν δεσποτείαν ἐπιγινώσκειν, ἵνα αἴτιος πᾶσι τοῖς ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ ὠφελείας γένηται. Τί τὸν λύχνον ἀπὸ τῆς λυχνίας ἐπὶ τὸν μόδιον ἄγεις; Εἴθε τοὺς ἔξωθεν εἰς τὰς πόλεις εἰσωθεῖν ἐνῆν. Τί 62.704 οὖν, φησὶν, ἂν καὶ αὐτὸς φαῦλος γένηται; ∆ιὰ τί, εἰπέ μοι, παρακαλῶ; ὅτι πρὸς πόλιν εἰσῆλθεν; Ἀλλ' ἐννόει, ὅτι καὶ ἔξω ὢν φαυλότερος ἔσται· ὁ γὰρ ἔνδον φαῦλος γενόμενος, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἔξω ὤν· ἐνταῦθα μὲν γὰρ καὶ τῆς ἀναγκαίας φροντίδος ἀπήλλακται, τοῦ δεσπότου μεριμνῶντος· ἐκεῖ δὲ ἡ περὶ τούτων φροντὶς ἴσως ἀπάξει αὐτὸν καὶ τῶν ἀναγκαιοτέρων καὶ πνευματικωτέρων.

∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ μακάριος Παῦλος τὴν ἀρίστην αὐτοῖς εἰσάγων συμβουλὴν ἔλεγε· ∆οῦλος ἐκλήθης; μή σοι μελέτω· ἀλλ' εἰ καὶ δύνασαι ἐλεύθερος γενέσθαι, μᾶλλον χρῆσαι· τουτέστι, Τῇ δουλείᾳ παράμενε. Τὸ δὲ πάντων ἀναγκαιότερον, ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται, καθὼς καὶ αὐτὸς γράφων ἔλεγεν. Ὅσοι εἰσὶν ὑπὸ ζυγὸν δοῦλοι, τοὺς ἰδίους δεσπότας πάσης τιμῆς ἀξίους ἡγείσθωσαν, ἵνα μὴ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ ἡ διδασκαλία βλασφημῆται. Ἐροῦσι γὰρ καὶ Ἕλληνες, ὅτι δύναται καὶ δουλεύων εὐαρεστεῖν τῷ Θεῷ· ἐπεὶ εἰς ἀνάγκην καθίστανται πολλοὶ τοῦ βλασφημεῖν καὶ λέγειν, ἐπὶ ἀνατροπῇ τῶν πάντων ὁ Χριστιανισμὸς εἰς τὸν βίον εἰσενήνεκται, τῶν δεσποτῶν ἀφαιρουμένων τοὺς οἰκέτας, καὶ βίας τὸ πρᾶγμά ἐστιν. Εἴπω τι καὶ ἕτερον; ∆ιδάσκει ἡμᾶς μὴ ἐπαισχύνεσθαι τοὺς οἰκέτας, εἰ ἐνάρετοι εἶεν. Εἰ γὰρ Παῦλος, πάντων ἀνθρώπων θαυμασιώτερος, τοσαῦτα περὶ τούτου φησὶ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡμεῖς περὶ τῶν ἡμετέρων. Τοσούτων οὖν ὄντων κατορθωμάτων, καίτοι οὔπω πάντα εἰρήκαμεν, περιττόν τις ἡγεῖται τὸ καὶ ταύτην τὴν ἐπιστολὴν ἐντετάχθαι; Καὶ πῶς οὐκ ἐσχάτης ἀνοίας ἂν εἴη; Προσέχωμεν τοίνυν, παρακαλῶ, τῇ παρὰ τοῦ Ἀποστόλου γραφείσῃ ἐπιστολῇ· τοσαῦτα γὰρ ἤδη κερδάναντες, πλείονα κερδανοῦμεν ἀπὸ τῆς ὑφῆς.

62.703 ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Αʹ.

Παῦλος δέσμιος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ Τιμόθεος ὁ ἀδελφὸς, Φιλήμονι τῷ ἀγαπητῷ καὶ συνεργῷ ἡμῶν, καὶ Ἀπφίᾳ τῇ ἀγαπητῇ, καὶ Ἀρχίππῳ τῷ συστρατιώτῃ ἡμῶν, καὶ τῇ κατ' οἶκόν σου Ἐκκλησίᾳ· χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς ἡμῶν, καὶ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.

αʹ. Ὑπὲρ οἰκέτου πρὸς δεσπότην ἐστὶ ταῦτα. Εὐθέως ἀπὸ τοῦ προοιμίου τὸ

φρόνημα αὐτοῦ κατέσπασεν, οὐκ ἀφῆκεν ἐπαισχυνθῆναι, τὸν θυμὸν ἔσβεσε, δέσμιον ἑαυτὸν καλῶν κατένυξε καὶ συνέστειλεν, οὐδὲν τὰ παρόντα ἐποίησε δοκεῖν εἶναι πράγματα. Εἰ γὰρ δεσμὸς οὐκ αἰσχύνη διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν, ἀλλὰ καὶ καύχημα, πολλῷ μᾶλλον δουλεία οὐκ ἐπονείδιστον. Καὶ ταῦτα λέγει οὐκ ἐπαίρων ἑαυτὸν, ἀλλὰ συμφερόντως τοῦτο ποιῶν, καὶ τὸ ἀξιόπιστον ἐντεῦθεν δεικνὺς, οὐχ ἑαυτοῦ ἕνεκεν, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ τοῦ τὴν χάριν ἑτοιμότερον λαβεῖν· ὡς ἂν εἰ ἔλεγε, ∆ι' ὑμᾶς τὸν δεσμὸν τοῦτον περίκειμαι· ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ εἶπεν ἀλλαχοῦ, ἐκεῖ μὲν τὴν κηδεμονίαν δεικνὺς, ἐνταῦθα δὲ τὸ ἀξιόπιστον. Οὐδὲν τοῦ καυχήματος τούτου μεῖζον τοῦ ἀκούειν, ὡς