Homily I.

Chapter I. Verses 1–2

“Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God, to the saints which are at Ephesus,4    [At Ephesus, Chrysostom’s text has these words (ἐν ᾽Εφέσῳ) and he betrays no knowledge of any copies which omitted them. But they are omitted by Aleph* B. by some mss., consulted by Basil, and apparently by Origen’s text, for he interprets τοῖς οὖσιν (those who are) absolutely, as he would not have done had he read ἐν ᾽Εφέσῳ. The Revisers insert the words but with a marginal note. Westcott and Hort bracket them. See their discussion of the point in Appendix (vol. II. of Greek Text), p. 123. For a full discussion see Meyer’s Introduction to Ephesians, Sec. 1, where he earnestly defends “the right of these words to a place in the text.”—G.A.]and the faithful in Christ Jesus. Grace to you, and peace, from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ.”

Observe, he applies the word “through” to the Father. But what then? Shall we say that He is inferior? Surely not.

“To the saints,” saith he, “which are at Ephesus, and the faithful in Christ Jesus.”

Observe that he calls saints, men with wives, and children, and domestics. For that these are they whom he calls by this name is plain from the end of the Epistle, as, when he says, “Wives, be in subjection unto your own husbands.” (Eph. v. 22.) And again, “Children, obey your parents:” (Eph. vi. 1.) and, “Servants, be obedient to your masters.” (Eph. vi. 5.) Think how great is the indolence that possesses us now, how rare is any thing like virtue now and how great the abundance of virtuous men must have been then, when even secular men could be called “saints and faithful.” “Grace to you, and peace, from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ.” “Grace” is his word; and he calls God, “Father,” since this name is a sure token of that gift of grace. And how so? Hear what he saith elsewhere; “Because ye are sons, God sent forth the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, crying, Abba, Father.” (Gal. iv. 6.)

“And from the Lord Jesus Christ.”

Because for us men Christ was born, and appeared in the flesh.

Ver. 3. “Blessed5    [Compare Rom. ix. 5; 2 Cor. i. 3; Luke i. 68; 1 Peter i. 3.—G.A.] be the God,” he saith, “and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.”

Observe; The God of Him that was Incarnate6    [Meyer holds that the genitive τοῦ κυρίου, etc. does not limit Θεὸς, but only πατήρ: “Blessed be God who at same time is Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.” So also Ellicott.—G.A.]. And though thou wilt not, The Father of God the Word.

Ver. 3. “Who hath blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ.”

He is here alluding to the blessings of the Jews7    [“A contrast to the earthly benefits promised to the Jews in the Old Testament is foreign to the context.”—Meyer.—G.A.]; for that was blessing also, but it was not spiritual blessing. For how did it run? “The Lord bless thee, He will bless the fruit of thy body;” (Deut. vii. 13.) and “He will bless thy going out and thy coming in.” (Deut. xxviii. 4.) But here it is not thus, but how? “With every spiritual blessing.” And what lackest thou yet? Thou art made immortal, thou art made free, thou art made a son, thou art made righteous, thou art made a brother, thou art made a fellow-heir, thou reignest with Christ, thou art glorified with Christ; all things are freely given thee. “How,” saith he, “shall He not also with Him freely give us all things?” (Rom. viii. 32.) Thy First-fruits is adored by Angels, by the Cherubim, by the Seraphim! What lackest thou yet? “With every spiritual blessing.” There is nothing carnal here. Accordingly He excluded all those former blessings, when He said, “In the world ye have tribulation,” (John xvi. 33.) to lead us on to these. For as they who possessed carnal things were unable to hear of spiritual things, so they who aim at spiritual things cannot attain to them unless they first stand aloof from carnal things.

What again is “spiritual blessing in the heavenly places?” It is not upon earth, he means, as was the case with the Jews. “Ye shall eat the good of the land.” (Isa. i. 19.) “Unto a land flowing with milk and honey.” (Ex. iii. 8.) “The Lord shall bless thy land.” (Deut. vii. 13.) Here we have nothing of this sort, but what have we? “If a man love Me, he will keep My word, and I and My Father will come unto him, and make our abode with him.” (John xiv. 23.) “Every one therefore which heareth these words of Mine, and doeth them, shall be likened unto a wise man which built his house upon the rock, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, for it was founded upon the rock.” (Mat. vii. 24, 25.) And what is that rock but those heavenly things which are above the reach of every change? “Every one therefore who,” saith Christ, “shall confess Me before men, him will I also confess before My Father which is in Heaven: But whosoever shall deny Me, him will I also deny.” (Mat. x. 32, 33.) Again, “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God.” (Mat. v. 8.) And again, “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of Heaven.” (Mat. v. 3.) And again, “Blessed are ye which are persecuted for righteousness sake, for great is your reward in Heaven.” (Mat. v. 11, 12.) Observe, how every where He speaketh of Heaven, no where of earth, or of the things on the earth.8    [“Such a specification of the ‘sphere’ and thence of the ‘spiritual character’ of the action would seem superfluous after the definite words preceding. In four other passages in this Epistle the expression, ‘in the heavenlies,’ seems ‘local’ (i. 20; ii. 6; iii. 10; vi. 12.). So the expression here must be referred as a ‘local’ predication to εὐλογί& 139· πνευμαηκῇ defining the ‘region’ whence the blessings of the Spirit come. Cf. Heb. vi. 4.”—Ellicott.—G.A.] And again, “Our citizenship is in Heaven, from whence also we wait for a Saviour the Lord Jesus Christ.” (Philip. iii. 20.) And again, “Not setting your mind on the things that are on the earth, but on the things which are above.” (Col. iii. 3.)

“In Christ.”

That is to say, this blessing was not by the hand of Moses, but by Christ Jesus: so that we surpass them not only in the quality of the blessings, but in the Mediator also. As moreover he saith in the Epistle to the Hebrews; “And Moses indeed was faithful in all his house as a servant, for a testimony of those things which were afterward to be spoken; but Christ as a Son over His house, whose house are we.” (Heb. iii. 5–6.)

Ver. 4. “Even as,” he proceeds, “He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blemish before Him in love.”

His meaning is somewhat of this sort. Through whom He hath blessed us, through Him He hath also chosen us. And He, then, it is that shall bestow upon us all those rewards hereafter. He is the very Judge that shall say, “Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world.” (Mat. xxv. 34.) And again, “I will that where I am they will also be with Me.” (John xvii. 24.) And this is a point which he is anxious to prove in almost all his Epistles, that ours is no novel system, but that it had thus been figured from the very first, that it is not the result of any change of purpose, but had been in fact a divine dispensation and fore-ordained. And this is a mark of great solicitude for us.

What is meant by, “He chose us in Him?” By means of the faith which is in Him, Christ, he means, happily ordered this for us before we were born; nay more, before the foundation of the world. And beautiful is that word “foundation,” as though he were pointing to the world as cast down from some vast height. Yea, vast indeed and ineffable is the height of God, so far removed not in place but in incommunicableness of nature; so wide the distance between creation and Creator! A word which heretics may be ashamed to hear.9    [And an argument which can hardly be considered valid, based, as it is, on the literal and etymological meaning of a word in a passage where it is plainly used metaphorically and not literally.—The word is καταβολή.—G.A.]

But wherefore hath He chosen us? “That we should be holy and without a blemish before Him.” That you may not then, when you hear that “He hath chosen us,” imagine that faith alone is sufficient, he proceeds to add life and conduct. To this end, saith he, hath He chosen us, and on this condition, “that we should be holy and without blemish.” And so formerly he chose the Jews. On what terms? “This nation, saith he, hath He chosen from the rest of the nations.” (Deut. xiv. 2.) Now if men in their choices choose what is best, much more doth God. And indeed the fact of their being chosen is at once a token of the loving kindness of God, and of their moral goodness.10    [Τεκμήριον καὶ τῆς αὐτῶν ἀρετῆς, a proposition which will strike a Protestant reader of any denomination with surprise, to say the least. Schaff says, “Chrysostom laid great stress on free will and the co-operation of the human will with divine grace in the work of conversion. Cassian, the founder of Semi-Pelagianism, was his pupil and appealed to his authority. We may say that in tendency and spirit he was a Catholic Semi-Pelagian or Synergist before Semi-Pelagianism was brought into a system.” Prolegomena p. 20. Chrysostom’s exposition of this passage is inaccurate, inconsistent, illogical and untenable. If He chose us in order that we should be holy how can holiness, or “moral goodness,” as Chrysostom says, be an antecedent condition of His choosing us? See note on ch. ii. 10.—G.A.] For by all means would he have chosen those who were approved. He hath Himself rendered us holy, but then we must continue holy. A holy man is he who is a partaker of faith; a blameless man is he who leads an irreproachable life. It is not however simply holiness and irreproachableness that He requires, but that we should appear such “before Him.” For there are holy and blameless characters, who yet are esteemed as such only by men, those who are like whited sepulchres, and like such as wear sheep’s clothing. It is not such, however, He requires, but such as the Prophet speaks of; “And according to the cleanness of my hands.” (Ps. xviii. 24.) What cleanness? That which is so “in His eyesight.” He requires that holiness on which the eye of God may look.

Having thus spoken of the good works of these, he again recurs to His grace. “In love,” saith he, “having predestinated us.” Because this comes not of any pains, nor of any good works of ours, but of love; and yet not of love alone, but of our virtue also. For if indeed of love alone, it would follow that all must be saved; whereas again were it the result of our virtue alone, then were His coming needless, and the whole dispensation. But it is the result neither of His love alone, nor yet of our virtue, but of both. “He chose us,” saith the Apostle; and He that chooseth, knoweth what it is that He chooseth. “In love,” he adds, “having foreordained us;” for virtue would never have saved any one, had there not been love. For tell me, what would Paul have profited, how would he have exhibited what he has exhibited, if God had not both called him from the beginning, and, in that He loved him, drawn him to Himself? But besides, His vouchsafing us so great privileges, was the effect of His love, not of our virtue. Because our being rendered virtuous, and believing, and coming nigh unto Him, even this again was the work of Him that called us Himself, and yet, notwithstanding, it is ours also. But that on our coming nigh unto Him, He should vouchsafe us so high privileges, as to bring us at once from a state of enmity, to the adoption of children, this is indeed the work of a really transcendent love.

Ver. 4, 5. “In love,”11    [These words, ἐν ἀγάπῃ, are in the Revised Version and in the text of Westcott and Hort joined with what precedes, ἁγίους καὶ ἀμώμους. So also Alford. Meyer and Ellicott, however, are in accord with Chrysostom and probably right in joining ἐν ἀγάπῃ with προορίσας, following.—G.A.] saith he, “having foreordained us unto adoption as sons through Jesus Christ unto Himself.”

Do you observe how that nothing is done without Christ? Nothing without the Father? The one hath predestinated, the other hath brought us near. And these words he adds by way of heightening the things which have been done, in the same way as he says also elsewhere, “And not only so, but we also rejoice in God, through our Lord Jesus Christ.” (Rom. v. 11.) For great indeed are the blessings bestowed, yet are they made far greater in being bestowed through Christ; because He sent not any servant, though it was to servants He sent, but the Only-begotten Son Himself.

Ver. 5. “According to the good pleasure,” he continues, “of His will.”

That is to say, because He earnestly willed it. This is, as one might say, His earnest desire.12    [The good pleasure of His will means, “God’s free self-determination, independent of all human desert, as regulative of the προορίζειν.”—Meyer.—G.A.] For the word “good pleasure” every where means the precedent will, for there is also another will. As for example, the first will is that sinners should not perish; the second will is, that, if men become wicked, they shall perish. For surely it is not by necessity that He punishes them, but because He wills it. You may see something of the sort even in the words of Paul, where he says, “I would that all men were even as I myself.” (1 Cor. vii. 7.) And again, “I desire that the younger widows marry, bear children.” (1 Tim. v. 14.) By “good pleasure” then he means the first will, the earnest will, the will accompanied with earnest desire, as in case of us, for I shall not refuse to employ even a somewhat familiar expression, in order to speak with clearness to the simpler sort; for thus we ourselves, to express the intentness of the will, speak of acting according to our resolve. What he means to say then is this, God earnestly aims at, earnestly desires, our salvation. Wherefore then is it that He so loveth us, whence hath He such affection? It is of His goodness alone. For grace itself is the fruit of goodness. And for this cause, he saith, hath He predestinated us to the adoption of children; this being His will, and the object of His earnest wish, that the glory of His grace may be displayed. “According to the good pleasure of His will,” he proceeds,

Ver. 6. “To the praise of the glory of His grace,13    [“As love was the motive for the divine predestination, so is the glorifying of the divine love, here designated ‘grace,’ its divinely conceived ultimate aim.”—Meyer.—G.A.] which He freely bestowed on us in the Beloved.”

That the glory of His grace may be displayed, he saith, which He freely bestowed on us in the Beloved. Now then if for this He hath shown grace to us, to the praise of the glory of His grace, and that He may display His grace, let us abide therein. “To the praise of His glory.” What is this? that who should praise Him? that who should glorify Him? that we, that Angels, that Archangels, yea, or the whole creation? And what were that? Nothing. The Divine nature knoweth no want. And wherefore then would He have us praise and glorify Him? It is that our love towards Him may be kindled more fervently within us. He desireth nothing we can render; not our service, not our praise, nor any thing else, nothing but our salvation; this is His object in every thing He does. And he who praises and marvels at the grace displayed towards himself will thus be more devoted and more earnest.

“Which He freely bestowed on us,” he saith. He does not say, “Which He hath graciously given us,” (ἐχαρίσατο) but, “wherein He hath shown grace to us.” (ἐχαρίτωσεν) That is to say, He hath not only released us from our sins, but hath also made us meet objects14    [“The word does not here mean ‘to make love worthy,’ as Chrys., referring to inherent righteousness, but ‘to grant grace,’ just as ver. 7 sets forth simply the work of ‘pardoning grace.’”—Meyer.—G.A.] of His love. It is as though one were to take a leper, wasted by distemper, and disease, by age, and poverty, and famine, and were to turn him all at once into a graceful youth, surpassing all mankind in beauty, shedding a bright lustre from his cheeks, and eclipsing the sun-beams with the glances of his eyes; and then were to set him in the very flower of his age, and after that array him in purple and a diadem and all the attire of royalty. It is thus that God hath arrayed and adorned this soul of ours, and clothed it with beauty, and rendered it an object of His delight and love. Such a soul Angels desire to look into, yea, Archangels, and all the holy ones. Such grace hath He shed over us, so dear hath He rendered us to Himself. “The King,” saith the Psalmist, “shall greatly desire thy beauty.” (Ps. xlv. 11.) Think what injurious words we uttered heretofore, and look, what gracious words we utter now. Wealth has no longer charms for us, nor the things that are here below, but only heavenly things, the things that are in the heavens. When a child has outward beauty, and has besides a pervading grace in all its sayings, do we not call it a beautiful child? Such as this are the faithful. Look, what words the initiated utter! What can be more beautiful than that mouth that breathes those wondrous words, and with a pure heart and pure lips, and beaming with cheerful confidence, partaketh of such a mystical table? What more beautiful than the words, with which we renounce the service of the Devil, and enlist in the service of Christ? than both that confession which is before the Baptismal laver,15    Different usages were observed as regards the Baptismal Confession. In all cases there was one before Baptism. In some places it was made three times; and in some it was written after it was spoken. vid. Bingham Antique, xi. 7. &c. and that which is after it? Let us reflect as many of us as have defiled our Baptism, and weep that we may be able again to repair it.

Ver. 6. “In the Beloved,”16    [“The designation of Christ by ὁἠγαπημένος makes us feel the greatness of the divine grace.”—Meyer.—G.A.] he saith, “in whom we have17    [“More precise elucidation of what has been said, on the basis of experience (ἔχομεν). Meyer.—G.A.] our redemption through His Blood.”18    [“‘Through His Blood’ is a more precise definition of the preceding ἐν ᾇ ‘in whom.’”—Meyer. “We have redemption not in His work without His Person but in His Person which with His work is a living unity.”—Olshausen in Lange.—G.A.]

And how is this? Not only is there this marvel, that He hath given His Son, but yet further that He hath given Him in such a way, as that the Beloved One Himself should be slain!

Yea, and more transcendent still! He hath given the Beloved for them that were hated. See, how high a price he sets upon us. If, when we hated Him and were enemies, He gave the Beloved, what will He not do now, when we are reconciled by Him through grace?

Ver. 7. “The forgiveness,” saith he, “of our trespasses.”

Again he descends from high to low: first speaking of adoption, and sanctification, and blamelessness, and then of the Passion, and in this not lowering his discourse and bringing it down from greater things to lesser, no rather, he was heightening it, and raising it from the lesser to the greater. For nothing is so great as that the blood of this Son should be shed for us. Greater this than both the adoption, and all the other gifts of grace, that He spared not even the Son. For great indeed is the forgiveness of sins, yet this is the far greater thing, that it should be done by the Lord’s blood. For that this is far greater than all, look how here again he exclaims,

Ver. 7, 8. “According to the riches of His grace, which He made to abound toward us.”

The abovementioned gifts are riches, yet is this far more so. “Which,” saith he, “He made to abound toward us.” They are both “riches” and “they have abounded,” that is to say, were poured forth in ineffable measure. It is not possible to represent in words what blessings we have in fact experienced. For riches indeed they are, abounding riches, and He hath given in abundance riches not of man but of God, so that on all hands it is impossible that they should be expressed. And to show us how He gave it to such abundance, he adds,

Ver. 8, 9. “In all wisdom and prudence,19    [“‘In all wisdom and prudence’ is not to be joined, as Chrysostom does, with ‘having made known’ (γνωρίσας), because it would thus denote the attribute of God operative in the γνωρίζειν, which on account of the πάσῃ, ‘every,’ is not admissible. Paul in making known the mystery had to set forth not the display of ‘grace in itself but as revealed.’ Hence some definition to the clause, ‘which he made to abound toward us,’ is necessary and this is the ‘in all wisdom and prudence.’”—Meyer.—G.A.] having made known unto us the mystery of His will.”

That is to say, Making us wise and prudent, in that which is true wisdom, and that which is true prudence. Strange! what friendship! For He telleth us His secrets; the mysteries, saith he, of His will, as if one should say, He hath made known to us the things that are in His heart. For here is indeed the mystery which is full of all wisdom and prudence. For what will you mention equal to this wisdom! Those that were worth nothing, it hath discovered a way of raising them to wealth and abundance. What can equal this wise contrivance? He that was an enemy, he that was hated, he is in a moment lifted up on high. And not this only,—but, yet more, that it should be done at this particular time, this again was the work of wisdom; and that it should be done by means of the Cross. It were matter of long discourse here to point out, how all this was the work of wisdom, and how He had made us wise. And therefore he repeats again the words,

“According to His good pleasure20    [“‘According to His good pleasure’ belongs to γνωρίσας, stating that God has accomplished the making known in pursuance of His free self-determination, cf. ver. 5.”—Meyer.—G.A.] which He purposed in Him.”21    [“‘Which He purposed in Him,’ in itself redundant, serves for the attaching of that which follows.”—Meyer. G.A.]

That is to say, this He desired, this He travailed for, as one might say, that He might be able to reveal to us the mystery. What mystery? That He would have man seated up on high. And this hath come to pass.

Ver. 10. “Unto a dispensation of the fulness of the times to sum up all things in Christ, the things in the heavens and the things upon the earth, even in Him.”

Heavenly things, he means to say, had been severed from earthly. They had no longer one Head. So far indeed as the system of the creation went, there was over all One God, but so far as management of one household went, this, amid the wide spread of Gentile error, was not the case, but they had been severed from His obedience.

“Unto a dispensation,” saith he, “of the fulness of the times.”

The fulness of the times, he calls it. Observe with what nicety he speaks. And whereas he points out the origination, the purpose, the will, the first intention, as proceeding from the Father, and the fulfillment and execution as effected by the agency of the Son, yet no where does he apply to him the term minister.22    E.G. of the Angels by way of contrast, “Are they not all ministering spirits, sent forth to minister,” εἰς διακονίαν. Hebr. i. 14. However S. Irenæus says, “Ministral ei ad omnia sua progenies et figuratio sua, id est Filius et Spiritus Sanctus.” Hær. iv. 17. And St. Justin Martyr applies to our Lord the word ὑπηρετεῖν. Tryph. 61, as scripture does the word Angel or Messenger. The distinction is obvious; our Lord may be named the Minister or Instrument of the Father in the sense in which our reason may be called the instrument of our mind, as being one with it and in it. In this sense St. Hilary calls the Son obedientem dictis Dei Deum. de Trin. v. vid. Petav. De Trin. ii. 7. §. 7.

“He chose us,” saith he, “in Him, having foreordained us unto adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to Himself;” and, “to the praise of the glory of His grace, in whom we have redemption through His blood,—which He purposed in Him, unto a dispensation of the fulness of the times, to sum up all things in Christ;” and no where hath he called Him minister. If however the word “in” and the word “by” implies a mere minister, look what the matter comes to. Just in the very beginning of the Epistle, he used the expression “through the will of the Father.” The Father, he means, willed, the Son wrought. But neither does it follow, that because the Father willed, the Son is excluded from the willing; nor because the Son wrought, that the Father is deprived of the working. But to the Father and the Son, all things are common. “For all Mine are Thine,” saith He, “and Thine are Mine.” (John xvii. 10.)

The fullness of the times,23    [‘Which he purposed in him’ (i.e. ‘Christ’ according to Rev. Ver. and W. and H.; but ‘God’ according to Meyer and Ellicott, who have αὑτῷ) “with a design to the dispensation of the fullness of the times, i.e., the dispensation to be established at the setting in of the fulness of the times. Gal. iv. 4; Mark i. 15.”—Meyer.—G.A.] however, was His coming. After, then, He had done everything, by the ministry both of Angels, and of Prophets, and of the Law, and nothing came of it, and it was well nigh come to this, that man had been made in vain, brought into the world in vain, nay, rather to his ruin; when all were absolutely perishing, more fearfully than in the deluge, He devised this dispensation, that is by grace; that it might not be in vain, might not be to no purpose that man was created. This he calls “the fulness of the times,” and “wisdom.” And why so? Because at that time when they were on the very point of perishing, then they were rescued.

That “He might sum up” he saith.

What is the meaning of this word, “sum up?” It is “to knit together.” Let us, however, endeavor to get near the exact import. With ourselves then, in common conversation, the word means the summing into a brief compass things spoken at length, the concise account of matters described in detail. And it has this meaning. For Christ hath gathered up in Himself the dispensations carried on through a lengthened period, that is to say, He hath cut them short. For “by finishing His word and cutting it short in righteousness,” (Rom. ix. 28.) He both comprehended former dispensations, and added others beside. This is the meaning of “summing up.”

It has also another signification; and of what nature is this? He hath set over all one and the same Head, i.e., Christ according to the flesh, alike over Angels and men. That is to say, He hath given to Angels and men one and the same government; to the one the Incarnate, to the other God the Word.24    [“A distinction at variance with Scripture.”—Meyer.—G.A.] Just as one might say of a house which has some part decayed and the other sound, He hath rebuilt the house, that is to say, He has made it stronger, and laid a firmer foundation. So also here He hath brought all under one and the same Head.25    [“This illustration has been again employed by Harless whose view of this passage is that the apostle speaks thus: ‘The Lord and Creator of the whole body of which heaven and earth are members, has in the restoration of one member restored the whole body; and in this consists the greatest significance of the reconciliation that it is not merely a restoration of the life of earth but a bringing back of the harmony of the universe. This concedes to the τὰ ἐπὶ τοῖς οὐρανοῖς merely an indirect participation in the ανακεφαλαίωσις and the de facto operation of the Messianic οἰκονομία on the heavenly world is set aside,—which appears the less admissible inasmuch as the τὰ ἐπὶ τοῖς οὐρανοῖς has the precedence (in position).”—Meyer. “Heaven and earth have become places of sin (vi. 12;) indeed heaven was the first theatre of sin when a part of the angels fell into sin and away from God (1 Tim. iii. 6; 1 John iii. 8; James ii. 19; 2 Peter ii. 4;) thence it came to earth (2 Cor. xi. 3; 1 Cor. x. 20, 21.) Thus the state originally appointed by God and the development He wished to be without disturbance, ceased (Rom. viii. 18–24,) so that a renewing of the heavens and the earth was taken into view (2 Peter iii. 13.) The center of this renewal is Christ and His redeeming work. Here we may certainly apply what Bengel so aptly remarks on Rom. viii. 19. that pro suo quodque genus captu, ‘every kind according to its capacity,’ participates in this Anacephalaiosis, the evil (angels) as conquered and rejected opponents, the good angels as participating friends, the redeemed as accepted children, the rest of creation as subordinate companions.”—Braune in Lange. Similarly Eadie: “Not only has harmony been restored to the universe and the rupture occasioned by sin repaired, but beings still in rebellion are placed under Christ’s control, as well as the unconscious elements and spheres of nature. This summation is seen in the form of government: Jesus is universal regent.”—G.A.] For thus will an union be effected, thus will a close bond be effected, if one and all can be brought under one and the same Head, and thus have some constraining bond of union from above. Honored then as we are with so great a blessing, so high a privilege, so great loving-kindness, let us not shame our Benefactor, let us not render in vain so great grace. Let us exemplify the life of Angels, the virtue of Angels, the conversation of Angels, yea, I entreat and conjure you, that all these things turn not to our judgment, nor to our condemnation, but to our enjoyment of those good things, which may God grant we may all attain, in Christ Jesus, our Lord, with whom to the Father, together with the Holy Ghost, be glory, strength, &c. &c.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΠΡΩΤΗ. Παῦλος ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ διὰ θελήμα τος Θεοῦ, τοῖς ἁγίοις τοῖς οὖσιν ἐν Ἐφέσῳ, καὶ πιστοῖς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ: χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς ἡμῶν καὶ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. αʹ. Ἰδοὺ τὸ, διὰ, τῷ Πατρὶ δέδωκε. Τί οὖν; ἐλάττονα αὐτὸν ἐροῦμεν; Μηδαμῶς. Τοῖς ἁγίοις, φησὶ, τοῖς οὖσιν ἐν Ἐφέσῳ, καὶ πιστοῖς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ. Ἰδοὺ, ἁγίους καλεῖ, ἄνδρας ἔχοντας καὶ παιδία καὶ γυναῖκας καὶ οἰκέτας. Ὅτι δὲ τούτους οὕτω καλεῖ, δῆλον ἀπὸ τοῦ τέλους τῆς Ἐπιστολῆς, ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ: Αἱ γυναῖκες, τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν ὑποτάσσεσθε: καὶ πάλιν, Τὰ τέκνα, ὑπακούετε τοῖς πατράσιν ὑμῶν: καὶ, Οἱ δοῦλοι, ὑπακούετε τοῖς δεσπόταις. Ἐννοήσωμεν ὅση κατέχει νῦν ἡ ῥᾳθυμία, καὶ πῶς σπανίζει τὰ τῆς ἀρετῆς, καὶ ὅση τότε ἡ φορὰ ἡ τῶν ἐναρέτων, ὡς καὶ τοὺς κοσμικοὺς, ἁγίους καὶ πιστοὺς λέγεσθαι. Χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς ἡμῶν, καὶ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Εἶπε χάριν, καὶ Πατέρα τὸν Θεὸν ἐκάλεσε: τῆς χάριτος γὰρ ἐκείνης τεκμήριον τοῦτο. Πῶς; Ἄκουσον αὐτοῦ ἑτέρωθι λέγοντος: Ὅτι δέ ἐστε υἱοὶ, ἐξαπέστειλεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὑτοῦ εἰς τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν, κράζον, Ἀββᾶ, ὁ Πατήρ. Καὶ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Δι' ἡμᾶς γὰρ Χριστὸς γέγονε, καὶ ἐν σαρκὶ ὤφθη. Εὐλογητὸς ὁ Θεὸς, φησὶ, καὶ Πατὴρ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Ἰδοὺ, Θεὸς τοῦ σαρκωθέντος. Εἰ δὲ μὴ βούλει, ἀλλὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ Λόγου Πατήρ. Ὁ εὐλογήσας ἡμᾶς ἐν πάσῃ εὐλογίᾳ πνευματικῇ ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις ἐν Χριστῷ. Τὴν Ἰουδαϊκὴν ἐνταῦθα αἰνίττεται: εὐλογία μὲν γὰρ ἦν κἀκείνη, ἀλλ' οὐ πνευματική. Τί γὰρ ἔλεγεν; Εὐλογήσαι σε ὁ Θεός: Εὐλογήσει τὰ ἔκγονα τῆς κοιλίας σου, καὶ εὐλογήσει τὴν εἴσοδόν σου καὶ τὴν ἔξοδόν σου. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλὰ τί; Ἐν πάσῃ εὐλογίᾳ πνευματικῇ. Τί γὰρ ἔτι σοι λείπει; Γέγονας ἀθάνατος, γέγονας ἐλεύθερος, γέγονας υἱὸς, γέγονας δίκαιος, γέγονας ἀδελφὸς, γέγονας συγκληρονόμος, συμβασιλεύεις, συνδοξάζῃ: πάντα σοι κεχάρισται. Πῶς οὐχὶ καὶ σὺν αὐτῷ, φησὶ, τὰ πάντα ἡμῖν χαρίσεται; Ἡ ἀπαρχή σου ὑπὸ ἀγγέλων προσκυνεῖται, ὑπὸ τῶν Χερουβὶμ, ὑπὸ τῶν Σεραφίμ: τί ἔτι λείπει; Ἐν πάσῃ εὐλογίᾳ πνευματικῇ. Οὐδὲν σαρκικὸν ἐνταῦθα. Διὰ τοῦτο πάντα ἐξεῖλεν ἐκεῖνα εἰπὼν, Θλῖψιν ἕξετε ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ, πρὸς ταῦτα ἡμᾶς ἀγαγών. Ὥσπερ γὰρ οἱ τὰ σαρκικὰ ἔχοντες, τῶν πνευματικῶν ἀκοῦσαι οὐκ ἠδύναντο: οὕτως οἱ τῶν πνευματικῶν τυγχάνοντες, οὐ δύνανται αὐτῶν ἐπιτυγχάνειν, ἂν μὴ πρότερον τῶν σαρκικῶν ἀποστῶσι. Τί ἐστιν, Εὐλογία πνευματικὴ ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις; Οὐκ ἐν τῇ γῇ, φησὶ, καθάπερ παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις, Τὰ ἀγαθὰ τῆς γῆς φάγεσθε: Εἰς γῆν ῥέουσαν μέλι καὶ γάλα: Εὐλογήσει ὁ Θεὸς τὴν γῆν σου. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον, ἀλλὰ τί; Ὁ ἀγαπῶν με, τὰς ἐντολάς μου τηρήσει, καὶ ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐλευσόμεθα πρὸς αὐτὸν, καὶ μονὴν παρ' αὐτῷ ποιήσομεν. Ὁ ἀκούων μου τοὺς λόγους τούτους, καὶ ποιῶν αὐτοὺς, ὁμοιωθήσεται ἀνδρὶ φρονίμῳ, ὅστις ᾠκοδόμησε τὴν οἰκίαν αὑτοῦ ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν, καὶ ἔπνευσαν οἱ ἄνεμοι, καὶ ἦλθον οἱ ποταμοὶ, καὶ προσέῤῥηξαν τῇ οἰκίᾳ ἐκείνῃ, καὶ οὐκ ἔπεσε: τεθεμελίωτο γὰρ ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν. Ἡ δὲ πέτρα ποία ἐστὶν, ἀλλ' ἢ τὰ οὐράνια πράγματα, τὰ πάσης μεταβολῆς ἀνώτερα; Ὅστις γὰρ ἂν ὁμολογήσῃ με, φησὶν, ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὁμολογήσω κἀγὼ αὐτὸν ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς: καὶ, Ὅστις ἀπαρνήσεταί με, ἀρνήσομαι αὐτὸν κἀγώ: καὶ πάλιν, Μακάριοι οἱ καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ, ὅτι αὐτοὶ τὸν Θεὸν ὄψονται: καὶ πάλιν, Μακάριοι οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι, ὅτι αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν: καὶ πάλιν, Μακάριοί ἐστε οἱ δεδιωγμένοι ἕνεκεν δικαιοσύνης, ὅτι ὁ μισθὸς ὑμῶν πολὺς ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. Ὁρᾷς πανταχοῦ τοὺς οὐρανοὺς, οὐδαμοῦ γῆν, οὐδὲ τὰ ἐν τῇ γῇ; Καὶ πάλιν, Ἡμῶν τὸ πολίτευμα ἐν οὐρανοῖς ὑπάρχει, ἐξ οὗ καὶ Σωτῆρα ἀπεκδεχόμεθα Κύριον Ἰησοῦν: καὶ πάλιν, Μὴ τὰ ἐπίγεια φρονοῦντες, ἀλλὰ τὰ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. Ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ. Τουτέστι, διὰ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ, οὐ διὰ Μωϋσέως ἦν αὕτη ἡ εὐλογία. Ὥστε οὐ μόνον τῇ ποιότητι, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ μεσίτῃ διαφέρομεν ἡμεῖς, ὥσπερ καὶ ἐν τῇ πρὸς Ἑβραίους φησί: Καὶ Μωϋσῆς μὲν πιστὸς ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ αὑτοῦ, ὡς θεράπων εἰς μαρτύριον τῶν λαληθησομένων, Χριστὸς δὲ ὡς Υἱὸς ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον αὑτοῦ, οὗ οἶκός ἐσμεν ἡμεῖς. Καθὼς καὶ ἐξελέξατο ἡμᾶς, φησὶν, ἐν αὐτῷ πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου, εἶναι ἡμᾶς ἁγίους καὶ ἀμώμους κατενώπιον αὐτοῦ. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστι: Δι' οὗ εὐλόγησεν ἡμᾶς, διὰ τούτου καὶ ἐξελέξατο. Αὐτὸς τοίνυν ἡμῖν ἐκεῖ δώσει ἐκεῖνα πάντα, αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ κριτὴς, καὶ ἐρεῖ: Δεῦτε, οἱ εὐλογημένοι τοῦ Πατρός μου, κληρονομήσατε τὴν ἡτοιμασμένην ὑμῖν βασιλείαν ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου: καὶ πάλιν, Ὅπου εἰμὶ ἐγὼ, θέλω ἵνα καὶ οὗτοι ὦσι. βʹ. Καὶ ἐν πάσαις σχεδὸν ταῖς Ἐπιστολαῖς τοῦτο σπουδάζει δεικνύναι, ὅτι οὐ νεώτερα τὰ καθ' ἡμᾶς, ἀλλ' ἄνωθεν οὕτω τετύπωτο, οὐδ' ἐκ μεταμελείας, ἀλλ' οὕτως ᾠκονόμητο καὶ προώριστο. Καὶ τοῦτο δὲ κηδεμονίας πολλῆς. Τί ἐστιν, Ἐν αὐτῷ ἐξελέξατο; Διὰ τῆς εἰς αὐτὸν πίστεως ὁ Χριστὸς, φησὶ, τοῦτο κατώρθωσε, πρὶν ἢ γενέσθαι ἡμᾶς, μᾶλλον δὲ πρὶν ἢ τὸν κόσμον καταβληθῆναι. Καὶ καλῶς καταβολὴν εἶπεν, ὡς ἀπό τινος ὕψους καταβεβλημένον μεγάλου αὐτὸν δεικνύς. Καὶ γὰρ μέγα καὶ ἄφατον τὸ ὕψος τοῦ Θεοῦ, οὐ τῷ τόπῳ, ἀλλὰ τῷ ἀνακεχωρηκότι τῆς φύσεως, καὶ πολὺ τὸ μέσον κτίσματος καὶ κτίστου. Αἰσχυνέσθωσαν οἱ αἱρετικοὶ ταῦτα ἀκούοντες. Τί δὲ ἐξελέξατο; Ὥστε εἶναι ἡμᾶς ἁγίους καὶ ἀμώμους κατενώπιον αὐτοῦ. Ἵνα τοίνυν μὴ, ἀκούσας, ὅτι Ἐξελέξατο, τὴν πίστιν ἀρκεῖν νομίσῃς μόνον, καὶ τὸν βίον προστίθησι: Διὰ τοῦτο ἐξελέξατο, φησὶ, καὶ ἐπὶ τούτῳ, ἵνα ἅγιοι ὦμεν καὶ ἄμωμοι. Ἐξελέξατο καὶ Ἰουδαίους ποτέ. Πῶς; Ἔθνος τοῦτο, φησὶν, ἐξελέξατο ἐκ τῶν ἐθνῶν. Εἰ δὲ ἄνθρωποι ἐκλεγόμενοι, τὰ κάλλιστα ἐκλέγονται, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὁ Θεός. Καὶ τὸ ἐκλεγῆναι δὲ, καὶ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ φιλανθρωπίας τεκμήριον καὶ τῆς αὐτῶν ἀρετῆς: πάντως γὰρ αὐτοὺς δοκίμους ἐξελέξατο: ἐποίησεν ἡμᾶς αὐτὸς ἁγίους, ἀλλὰ δεῖ μεῖναι ἁγίους. Ἅγιός ἐστιν ὁ τῆς πίστεως μετέχων: ἄμωμος, ὁ ἀνεπίληπτον βίον μετιών. Ἀλλ' ἁγιότητα καὶ τὸ ἀνεπίληπτον οὐχ ἁπλῶς ἐπιζητεῖ, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ τοιούτους φαίνεσθαι. Εἰσὶ γὰρ ἅγιοι καὶ ἄμωμοι, ἀλλ' ἀνθρώποις οὕτω νομιζόμενοι, οἱ τάφοις ἐοικότες κεκονιασμένοις, καθὼς οἱ τὰς δορὰς τῶν προβάτων ἔχοντες. Ἀλλ' οὐ τοιούτους ζητεῖ, ἀλλ' οἵους ὁ Προφήτης φησί: Καὶ κατὰ τὴν καθαρότητα τῶν χειρῶν μου. Ποίαν; Τὴν ἐνώπιον τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτοῦ ἁγιωσύνην ζητεῖ, ἣν ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ ὀφθαλμὸς ὁρᾷ. Εἶπε καὶ τούτων τὰ κατορθώματα, καὶ πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν χάριν ἄνεισι, καί φησιν: Ἐν ἀγάπῃ, προορίσας ἡμᾶς. Οὐ γὰρ ἀπὸ πόνων οὐδὲ κατορθωμάτων τοῦτο γίνεται, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ ἀγάπης, οὔτε ἀπὸ ἀγάπης μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμετέρας ἀρετῆς. Εἰ γὰρ δὴ ἀπὸ ἀγάπης μόνης, ἐχρῆν ἅπαντας σωθῆναι: εἰ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμετέρας ἀρετῆς πάλιν μόνης, περιττὴ ἡ παρουσία αὐτοῦ, καὶ πάντα τὰ οἰκονομηθέντα. Ἀλλ' οὔτε ἀπὸ ἀγάπης μόνης, οὔτε ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμετέρας ἀρετῆς, ἀλλ' ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων. Ἐξελέξατο γὰρ ἡμᾶς, φησίν: ὁ δὲ ἐκλεγόμενος οἶδεν ὅπερ ἐκλέγεται. Ἐν ἀγάπῃ, φησὶ, προορίσας ἡμᾶς. Οὐδένα γὰρ ἂν ἔσωσεν ἡ ἀρετὴ, τῆς ἀγάπης μὴ οὔσης. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, τί Παῦλος ἂν ὠφελήθη, τί δὲ ἂν ἐπεδείξατο, εἰ μὴ καὶ ἄνωθεν αὐτὸν ἐκάλεσε, καὶ ἀγαπήσας εἵλκυσε πρὸς ἑαυτόν; Ἄλλως δὲ, καὶ τὸ τοσούτων ἀξιῶσαι, ἀγάπης ἦν, οὐ τῆς ἡμετέρας ἀρετῆς. Τὸ γὰρ ἐναρέτους γενέσθαι καὶ πιστεῦσαι καὶ προσελθεῖν, καὶ τοῦτο μὲν αὐτοῦ ἦν τοῦ καλέσαντος, πλὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡμέτερον: τὸ δὲ προσελθόντας τοσούτων ἀξιῶσαι τιμῶν, ὥστε εὐθέως ἀπὸ ἔχθρας εἰς υἱοθεσίαν ἀγαγεῖν, ὑπερβαλλούσης ὄντως ἀγάπης. Ἐν ἀγάπῃ, φησὶ, προορίσας ἡμᾶς εἰς υἱοθεσίαν διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς αὐτόν. Ὁρᾷς πῶς οὐδὲν ἄνευ Χριστοῦ; πῶς οὐδὲν ἄνευ τοῦ Πατρός; Ἐκεῖνος προώρισεν, οὗτος προσήγαγε. Καὶ ταῦτα τίθησιν ἐπαίρων τὰ γεγενημένα, καθάπερ καὶ ἑτέρωθί φησιν: Οὐ μόνον δὲ, ἀλλὰ καὶ καυχώμεθα διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Μεγάλα μὲν γὰρ τὰ δοθέντα, πολλῷ δὲ μείζονα γίνεται τῷ διὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ δοθῆναι: ὅτι οὐκ ἔπεμψέ τινα τῶν δούλων πρὸς τοὺς δούλους, ἀλλ' αὐτὸν τὸν Μονογενῆ. Κατὰ τὴν εὐδοκίαν, φησὶ, τοῦ θελήματος αὑτοῦ. Τουτέστιν, διὰ τὸ σφοδρῶς θελῆσαι. Ἡ ἐπιθυμία αὐτοῦ, ὡς ἄν τις εἴποι, αὕτη ἐστί: πανταχοῦ γὰρ εὐδοκία τὸ θέλημά ἐστι τὸ προηγούμενον. Ἔστι γὰρ καὶ ἄλλο θέλημα: οἷον, θέλημα πρῶτον, τὸ μὴ ἀπολέσθαι ἡμαρτηκότας: θέλημα δεύτερον, τὸ γενομένους κακοὺς ἀπολέσθαι. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ ἀνάγκη αὐτοὺς κολάζει, ἀλλὰ θέλημα. Τοιοῦτον καὶ ἐπὶ Παύλου ἔστιν ἰδεῖν, οἷον ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ: Θέλω πάντας ἀνθρώπους εἶναι ὡς καὶ ἐμαυτόν: καὶ πάλιν, Θέλω νεωτέρας γαμεῖν, τεκνογονεῖν. Εὐδοκίαν οὖν τὸ πρῶτον θέλημά φησι, τὸ σφοδρὸν θέλημα, τὸ μετὰ ἐπιθυμίας θέλημα, τὸ πεῖσμα: οὐ γὰρ παραιτήσομαι καὶ κοινοτέρᾳ λέξει χρήσασθαι σαφηνείας ἕνεκεν τῶν ἀφελεστέρων: οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ἡμεῖς τὴν ἐπίτασιν τοῦ θελήματος δηλοῦντες, Κατὰ τὸ πεῖσμα ἡμῶν, λέγομεν. Ὃ οὖν λέγει, τοῦτό ἐστι: Σφόδρα ἐφίεται, σφόδρα ἐπιθυμεῖ τῆς σωτηρίας τῆς ἡμετέρας. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν οὕτως ἡμᾶς ἀγαπᾷ, καὶ πόθεν οὕτω φιλεῖ; Ἀπὸ ἀγαθότητος μόνης: ἡ γὰρ χάρις ἀγαθότητός ἐστι. Διὰ τοῦτό φησιν, Εἰς υἱοθεσίαν ἡμᾶς προώρισε, θέλων, καὶ σφόδρα τοῦτο βουλόμενος, ἵνα ἡ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ δόξα δειχθῇ. Κατὰ τὴν εὐδοκίαν τοῦ θελήματος αὑτοῦ, φησὶν, εἰς ἔπαινον δόξης τῆς χάριτος αὑτοῦ, ἐν ᾗ ἐχαρίτωσεν ἡμᾶς ἐν τῷ ἠγαπημένῳ. Ἵνα ἡ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ δόξα δειχθῇ, φησὶν, ἐν ᾗ ἐχαρίτωσεν ἡμᾶς ἐν τῷ ἠγαπημένῳ. γʹ. Οὐκοῦν εἰ εἰς τοῦτο ἐχαρίτωσεν, εἰς ἔπαινον δόξης τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἵνα δείξῃ τὴν χάριν αὐτοῦ, μείνωμεν ἐν αὐτῇ. Εἰς ἔπαινον δόξης. Τί ἐστι τοῦτο; ἵνα τις αὐτὸν ἐπαινέσῃ; ἵνα τις δοξάσῃ; ἡμεῖς, ἄγγελοι, ἀρχάγγελοι, ἀλλὰ πᾶσα ἡ κτίσις; Καὶ τί τοῦτο; Οὐδέν: ἀνενδεὲς γὰρ τὸ Θεῖον. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν βούλεται ἐπαινεῖσθαι καὶ δοξάζεσθαι παρ' ἡμῶν; Ὥστε τὴν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀγάπην θερμοτέραν ἡμῖν ἐγγενέσθαι. Οὐδενὸς γὰρ ἐφίεται τῶν παρ' ἡμῶν, ἀλλ' ἢ τῆς σωτηρίας μόνης, οὐ διακονίας, οὐ δόξης, οὐκ ἄλλου οὐδενὸς, καὶ πάντα διὰ τοῦτο ποιεῖ. Ὁ γὰρ ἐπαινῶν καὶ θαυμάζων τὴν εἰς αὑτὸν χάριν γεγενημένην, προσεκτικώτερος ἔσται καὶ σπουδαιότερος. Ἧς ἐχαρίτωσεν ἡμᾶς, φησίν. Οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἧς ἐχαρίσατο, ἀλλ', Ἐχαρίτωσεν ἡμᾶς: τουτέστιν οὐ μόνον ἁμαρτημάτων ἀπήλλαξεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπεράστους ἐποίησε. Καθάπερ ἂν εἴ τις λαβὼν ψωραλέον τινὰ, καὶ λοιμῷ καὶ νόσῳ διεφθαρμένον, καὶ γήρᾳ καὶ πενίᾳ καὶ λιμῷ, εὐθέως εὔμορφον νεώτερον ἐργάσαιτο, πάντας ἀνθρώπους νικῶντα τῷ κάλλει, σφοδρὰν μὲν τὴν αὐγὴν ἀφιέντα ἀπὸ τῶν παρειῶν, καὶ τὰς μαρμαρυγὰς τοῦ ἡλίου ἀποκρύπτοντα ταῖς τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν βολαῖς, εἶτα ἐν αὐτῷ καταστήσειε τῷ τῆς ἡλικίας ἄνθει, καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο ἁλουργίδα περιβάλοι καὶ διάδημα καὶ πάντα τὸν κόσμον τὸν βασιλικόν: οὕτως ἐξήσκησε τὴν ψυχὴν ἡμῶν, καὶ καλὴν καὶ ποθεινὴν καὶ ἐπέραστον ἐποίησεν. Ἐπιθυμοῦσι γὰρ ἄγγελοι παρακύψαι πρὸς τὴν τοιαύτην ψυχὴν, ἀρχάγγελοι, πᾶσαι αἱ ἄλλαι δυνάμεις. Οὕτως ἡμᾶς καὶ ἐπιχάριτας ἐποίησε, καὶ ἑαυτῷ ποθεινούς. Ἐπιθυμήσει γὰρ, φησὶν, ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῦ κάλλους σου. Ὅρα γὰρ οἷα πρὸ τούτου ἐπιβλαβῆ φθεγγόμενοι, οἷα κεχαριτωμένα ῥήματα φθεγγόμεθα νῦν. Οὐκέτι πλοῦτον θαυμάζομεν, οὐκέτι τὰ ἐνταῦθα, ἀλλὰ τὰ οὐράνια καὶ τὰ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. Οὐχὶ χαρίεν ἐκεῖνο τὸ παιδίον εἶναί φαμεν, ὅπερ ἂν μετὰ τῆς τοῦ σώματος ὥρας καὶ πολλὴν ἔχει τὴν ἐν τοῖς ῥήμασι χάριν; Τοιοῦτοί εἰσιν οἱ πιστοί. Ὅρα οἷα φθέγγονται οἱ μεμυημένοι. Τί γὰρ χαριέστερον ἐκείνου τοῦ στόματος γένοιτ' ἂν, τοῦ τὰ θαυμαστὰ ῥήματα ἀφιέντος, καὶ καθαρᾷ καρδίᾳ καὶ καθαροῖς χείλεσι μεταλαμβάνοντος τραπέζης μυστικῆς τοιαύτης μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς λαμπρότητος καὶ τῆς παῤῥησίας; τί χαριέστερον τῶν ῥημάτων, δι' ὧν ἀποτασσόμεθα τῷ διαβόλῳ; δι' ὧν συντασσόμεθα τῷ Χριστῷ; τῆς ὁμολογίας ἐκείνης τῆς πρὸ τοῦ λουτροῦ; τῆς μετὰ τὸ λουτρόν; Ἐννοήσωμεν ὅσοι διεφθείραμεν τὸ βάπτισμα, καὶ στενάξωμεν, ἵνα δυνηθῶμεν αὐτὸ πάλιν ἀναλαβεῖν. Διὰ τοῦ ἠγαπημένου, φησὶν, ἐν ᾧ ἔχομεν τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν διὰ τοῦ αἵματος αὐτοῦ. Πῶς; Οὐ μόνον ὅτι τὸν Υἱὸν ἔδωκε θαυμαστὸν, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ τούτῳ τῷ τρόπῳ, ὥστε σφαγῆναι αὐτὸν τὸν ἀγαπώμενον. Πολλὴ ἡ ὑπερβολή: τὸν ἀγαπώμενον ὑπὲρ τῶν μισουμένων ἔδωκεν. Ὅρα πόσου ἡμᾶς τιμᾶται. Εἰ, ὅτε αὐτὸν ἐμισοῦμεν καὶ ἐχθροὶ ἦμεν, καὶ ἀγαπώμενον ἔδωκε: τί οὐ ποιήσει λοιπὸν, ὅταν τούτῳ καταλλαγῶμεν διὰ τῆς χάριτος; Τὴν ἄφεσιν, φησὶ, τῶν παραπτωμάτων. Ἄνωθεν κάτω κάτεισι: πρότερον υἱοθεσίαν εἰπὼν καὶ ἁγιασμὸν καὶ ἀμώμους, καὶ τότε τὸ πάθος, οὐ μειῶν, οὐδὲ ἀπὸ τῶν μεγάλων ἐπὶ τὰ μικρὰ κατάγων τὸν λόγον, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῶν μικρῶν ἐπὶ τὰ μεγάλα ἀνιών. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτω μέγα, ὡς τὸ αἷμα ἐκχυθῆναι τοῦ Θεοῦ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν: καὶ τῆς υἱοθεσίας καὶ τῶν ἄλλων δωρεῶν τοῦτο μεῖζον, τὸ μηδὲ τοῦ Υἱοῦ φείσασθαι. Μέγα γὰρ τὸ ἀφεθῆναι τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων, ἀλλὰ τὸ μεῖζον, τὸ διὰ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ Δεσποτικοῦ. Ὅτι γὰρ τοῦτο πολλῷ μεῖζον ἁπάντων, ὅρα πῶς καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἀνεβόησε λέγων: Κατὰ τὸν πλοῦτον τῆς χάριτος αὑτοῦ, ἧς ἐπερίσσευσεν εἰς ἡμᾶς. Πλοῦτος μὲν γὰρ κἀκεῖνος, πολλῷ δὲ πλέον οὗτος. Ἧς ἐπερίσσευσε, φησὶν, εἰς ἡμᾶς. Καὶ πλοῦτος, καὶ, Ἐπερίσσευσε, τουτέστι, ἀφάτως ἐξεχύθη. Οὐκ ἔνεστι λόγῳ παραστῆσαι, ὧν διὰ τῶν ἔργων ἐπειράθημεν. Πλοῦτος γάρ ἐστι, πλοῦτος περισσεύων, πλοῦτος οὐκ ἀνθρώπων, ἀλλὰ Θεοῦ, ὥστε πανταχόθεν ἀμήχανον αὐτὸν λεχθῆναι. Δεικνὺς δὲ πῶς εἰς περισσείαν ἔδωκεν, Ἐν πάσῃ σοφίᾳ καὶ φρονήσει, φησὶ, γνωρίσας ἡμῖν τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ θελήματος αὑτοῦ: τουτέστι, σοφοὺς καὶ φρονίμους ποιήσας τὴν ὄντως σοφίαν, τὴν ὄντως φρόνησιν. δʹ. Βαβαὶ, πόση φιλία! Τὰ γὰρ μυστήρια αὐτοῦ ἡμῖν λέγει. Τοῦ θελήματος αὑτοῦ, φησίν: ὡς ἂν εἴποι τις, Τὰ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἡμῖν ἐγνώρισε. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ μυστήριον τὸ πάσης σοφίας τε γέμον καὶ φρονήσεως. Τί γὰρ ταύτης τῆς σοφίας ἴσον ἐρεῖς; τοὺς οὐδενὸς ἀξίους ὄντας, τούτους εὗρεν ὅπως εἰς πλοῦτον ἀναγάγῃ. Τί ταύτης τῆς εὐμηχανίας ἴσον; ὁ ἐχθρὸς, ὁ μεμισημένος, οὗτος ἐξαίφνης ἄνω γέγονε. Καὶ οὐ τοῦτο μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τούτῳ τῷ καιρῷ: καὶ τοῦτο σοφίας ἦν, καὶ τὸ διὰ σταυροῦ. Μακρὸς ἐνταῦθα δεῖξαι ὁ λόγος, πῶς σοφίας ἦν τοῦτο, καὶ πῶς σοφοὺς ἡμᾶς εἰργάσατο. Διὸ πάλιν, Κατὰ τὴν εὐδοκίαν αὑτοῦ, φησὶν, ἣν προέθετο ἐν αὐτῷ. Τουτέστι, τοῦτο ἐπεθύμει, τοῦτο ὤδινεν, ὡς ἂν ἔχοι ἐξειπεῖν ἡμῖν τὸ μυστήριον. Ποῖον δὴ τοῦτο; Ὅτι ἄνθρωπον ἄνω καθίσαι βούλεται. Τοῦτο δὲ γέγονεν, Εἰς οἰκονομίαν τοῦ πληρώματος τῶν καιρῶν, ἀνακεφαλαιώσασθαι τὰ πάντα ἐν τῷ Χριστῷ, τὰ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἐν αὐτῷ. Ἀπέσχιστο, φησὶ, τὰ ἐπουράνια τῶν ἐπιγείων, οὐκ εἶχε μίαν κεφαλήν. Κατὰ μὲν γὰρ τὸν τῆς δημιουργίας λόγον εἷς Θεὸς ἦν: κατὰ δὲ τὸν τῆς οἰκειώσεως οὐκέτι, τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς πλάνης κεχυμένης, ἀλλ' ἀπεσχισμένοι ἦσαν τῆς ὑπακοῆς αὐτοῦ. Εἰς οἰκονομίαν, φησὶ, τοῦ πληρώματος τῶν καιρῶν. Πλήρωμα τῶν καιρῶν αὐτὸ ἐκάλεσεν. Ὅρα πῶς ἀκριβῶς φθέγγεται. Καὶ τὴν μὲν ἀρχὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ Πατρὸς δείξας, τὴν πρόθεσιν, τὴν βουλὴν, τὴν πρώτην ὁρμὴν, τὴν δὲ διὰ τῶν ἔργων ἐκπλήρωσιν διὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, οὐδαμοῦ διάκονον αὐτὸν ὀνομάζει. Ἐξελέξατο ἡμᾶς, φησὶν, ἐν αὐτῷ, προορίσας ἡμᾶς εἰς υἱοθεσίαν διὰ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ εἰς αὐτὸν, καὶ εἰς ἔπαινον δόξης τῆς χάριτος αὑτοῦ, ἐν ᾧ ἔχομεν τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν διὰ τοῦ αἵματος αὐτοῦ, ἣν προέθετο ἐν αὐτῷ εἰς οἰκονομίαν τοῦ πληρώματος τῶν καιρῶν, ἀνακεφαλαιώσασθαι τὰ πάντα ἐν τῷ Χριστῷ. Καὶ οὐδαμοῦ διάκονον αὐτὸν εἶπεν, Εἰ δὲ τὸ, ἐν, καὶ τὸ, διὰ, διακόνου ἐστὶν, ὅρα ποῦ τρέπει τὸ πρᾶγμα. Ἀρχόμενος γὰρ εὐθέως τῆς Ἐπιστολῆς, Διὰ τοῦ θελήματος, εἶπε, τοῦ Πατρός. Ὁ Πατὴρ ἠθέλησε, φησὶν, ὁ Υἱὸς ἐνήργησεν. Ἀλλ' οὔτε, ἐπειδὴ ὁ Πατὴρ ἠθέλησε, τῆς ἐνεργείας ἐκτός ἐστιν ὁ Υἱός: οὔτε ἐπειδὴ ὁ Υἱὸς ἐνήργησε, τοῦ θελήματος ἀπεστέρηται ὁ Πατὴρ, ἀλλὰ κοινὰ Πατρὸς καὶ Υἱοῦ πάντα: Πάντα γὰρ τὰ ἐμὰ σά ἐστι, φησὶ, καὶ τὰ σὰ ἐμά. Πλήρωμα δὲ τῶν καιρῶν ἡ παρουσία αὐτοῦ ἦν. Ἐπεὶ οὖν πάντα ἔπραξε καὶ δι' ἀγγέλων, καὶ διὰ προφητῶν, καὶ διὰ νόμου, καὶ οὐδὲν πλέον ἐγένετο, ἀλλ' ἐκινδύνευεν εἰκῆ γεγενῆσθαι ἄνθρωπος, εἰκῆ παρῆχθαι, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ κακῷ, πάντων ἀπολλυμένων ἁπλῶς, καὶ μειζόνως ἢ ἐπὶ τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ, εὗρε ταύτην τὴν οἰκονομίαν τὴν διὰ τῆς χάριτος, ὥστε μὴ εἰκῆ μηδὲ μάτην αὐτὸν γενέσθαι. Τὸ πλήρωμα τῶν καιρῶν τοῦτο λέγει, καὶ σοφίαν. Πῶς; Ὅτι ὅτε μάλιστα ἔμελλον ἀπόλλυσθαι, τότε διεσώθησαν. Ἀνακεφαλαιώσασθαι, φησίν. Τί ἐστιν, Ἀνακεφαλαιώσασθαι; Συνάψαι. Πλὴν ἀλλὰ σπουδάσωμεν ἐγγὺς αὐτῆς γενέσθαι τῆς ἀληθείας. Παρὰ μὲν γὰρ ἡμῖν καὶ ἐν τῇ συνηθείᾳ ἀνακεφαλαίωσις λέγεται καὶ τὰ διὰ μακρῶν λεγόμενα εἰς βραχὺ συστεῖλαι, καὶ πάντα τὰ διὰ πολλῶν λεγόμενα συντόμως εἰπεῖν. Ἔστι μὲν γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο: τὰ γὰρ διὰ μακροῦ χρόνου οἰκονομούμενα ἀνεκεφαλαιώσατο ἐν ἑαυτῷ, τουτέστι, συνέτεμε. Λόγον γὰρ συντελῶν, καὶ συντέμνων ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ, καὶ ἐκεῖνα περιέλαβε, καὶ ἕτερα προσέθηκε. Τοῦτό ἐστιν ἀνακεφαλαίωσις. Ἔστι καὶ ἕτερόν τι δηλούμενον. Ποῖον τοῦτο; Μίαν κεφαλὴν ἅπασιν ἐπέθηκε τὸ κατὰ σάρκα Χριστὸν, καὶ ἀγγέλοις καὶ ἀνθρώποις: τουτέστι, καὶ ἀγγέλοις μίαν ἀρχὴν ἔδωκεν, καὶ ἀνθρώποις, τοῖς μὲν τὸ κατὰ σάρκα, τοῖς δὲ τὸν Θεὸν Λόγον: ὡς ἂν περὶ οἰκίας τις εἴποι τὰ μὲν σαθρὰ, τὰ δὲ ἰσχυρὰ ἐχούσης: Ἀνῳκοδόμησε τὴν οἰκίαν, τουτέστιν, ἰσχυροτέραν εἰργάσατο, ἰσχυροτέραν κρηπῖδα ὑπέθηκεν: οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα πάντας ὑπὸ μίαν ἤγαγε κεφαλήν. Οὕτω γὰρ ἂν γένοιτο ἕνωσις, οὕτως [ἂν γένοιτο] ἀκριβὴς συνάφεια, ὅταν ὑπὸ μίαν ἅπαντα ἀχθείη κεφαλὴν, σύνδεσμόν τινα ἀναγκαῖον ἄνωθεν ἔχοντα. Τοσαύτης τοίνυν ἀξιωθέντες δωρεᾶς, τοσαύτης τιμῆς, τοσαύτης φιλανθρωπίας, μὴ καταισχύνωμεν τὸν εὐεργετήσαντα, μὴ εἰς κενὸν τὴν τοσαύτην χάριν ποιήσωμεν, ἀγγελικὸν βίον ἐπιδειξώμεθα, ἀγγελικὴν ἀρετὴν καὶ πολιτείαν: ναὶ δέομαι καὶ ἀντιβολῶ, ἵνα μὴ εἰς κρῖμα μηδ' εἰς κατάκριμα γένηται ταῦτα πάντα ἡμῖν, ἀλλ' εἰς ἀπόλαυσιν ἀγαθῶν: ὧν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ, ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, δόξα, κράτος, καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς.