Homily II.

Hebrews i. 3

“Who being the brightness of His Glory and the express Image of His person, and upholding all things by the word of His power, when He had by Himself purged our sins.”

[1.] Everywhere indeed a reverential mind is requisite, but especially when we say or hear anything of God: Since neither can tongue speak nor thought72   διάνοια οὖς, Sav. Ben. in both places. hear anything suitable to our God. And why speak I of tongue or thought?73   διάνοια οὖς, Sav. Ben. in both places. For not even the understanding74   ὁ νοῦς which far excels these, will be able to comprehend anything accurately, when we desire to utter aught concerning God. For if “the peace of God surpasseth all understanding” ( Philip. iv. 7 ), and “the things which are prepared for them that love Him have not entered into the heart of man” ( 1 Cor. ii. 9 ); much more He Himself, the God of peace, the Creator of all things, doth by a wide measure exceed our reasoning. We ought therefore to receive all things with faith and reverence, and when our discourse75   λόγος fails through weakness, and is not able to set forth accurately the things which are spoken, then especially to glorify God, for that we have such a God, surpassing both our thought and our conception.76   τὴν ἔννοιαν, τὸν λόγον, Sav. Ben. For many of our conceptions77   ὧ ν νοοῦμεν about God, we are unable to express, as also many things we express, but have not strength to conceive of them. As for instance:—That God is everywhere, we know; but how, we no longer understand.78   νοοῦμεν That there is a certain incorporeal power the cause of all our good things, we know: but how it is, or what it is, we know not. Lo! we speak, and do not understand. I said, That He is everywhere, but I do not understand it. I said, That He is without beginning, but I do not understand it. I said, That He begat from Himself, and again I know not how I shall understand it. And some things there are which we may not even speak—as for instance, thought conceives 79   νοεῖ ἡ διάνοια but cannot utter.

And to show thee that even Paul is weak and doth not put out his illustrations with exactness; and to make thee tremble and refrain from searching too far, hear what he says, having called Him Son and named Him Creator, “Who being the brightness of His Glory, and the express image of His person.”

This we must receive with reverence and clear of all incongruities. “The brightness of His glory,” saith he. But observe in what reference he understands this, and so do thou receive it:—that He is of Him:80   ὅ τι ἐξ αὐτοῦ, “that He [Christ] is of Him [the Father].” without passion: that He is neither greater, nor less; since there are some, who derive certain strange things from the illustration. For, say they, “the brightness” is not substantial,81   ἐ νυπόστατον but hath its being in another. Now do not thou, O man, so receive it, neither be thou sick of the disease of Marcellus82   Marcellus Bishop of Ancyra lapsed towards Sabellianism, holding, as it seems, virtually at least, that our Lord is not a Person eternally distinct from the Father, but, a Manifestation of the Father, lasting from the Incarnation to the Judgment. His views are anathematized in 1 Conc. Constantinop. Canon 1. and Photinus.83   Photinus Bishop of Sirmium, who had been Deacon under Marcellus, and carried his theory out, maintaining our Lord to have had no distinct existence before His Birth of Mary. Socr. E. H. 2. 29. His doctrine too was condemned at Constantinople, ubi sup For he hath a remedy for thee close at hand, that thou fall not into that imagination, nor doth he leave thee to be hurried down into that fatal malady. And what saith he? “And the express image of His person” [or “subsistence”84   ὑ ποστάσεως. St. Chrys. understands the word to mean here neither “substance” nor “Person,” but, if we may use such a word, “substantiality,” or “substantive existence,” which in speaking de Divinis we call “Personality.” See below, page 371, note 5.]: that is, just as He [the Father] is personally subsisting, being in need of nothing,85   Sav. Ben. add πρὸς ὑπόστασιν so also the Son. For he saith this here, showing the undeviating similitude86   ἀ παράλλακτον and the peculiar image of the Prototype, that He [the Son] is in subsistence by Himself.

For he who said above, that “by Him He made all things” here assigns to Him absolute authority. For what doth he add? “And upholding all things by the word of His power”; that we might hence infer not merely His being the express image of His Person, but also His governing all things with absolute authority.

See then, how he applies to the Son that which is proper to the Father. For on this account he did not say simply, “and upholding all things,” nor did he say, “by His power,” but, “by the word of His power.” For much as just now we saw him gradually ascend and descend; so also now, as by steps, he goes up on high, then again descends, and saith, “by whom also He made the worlds.”

Behold how here also he goes on two paths, by the one leading us away from Sabellius, by the other from Arius, yea and on another, that He [Christ] should not be accounted un originated,87   ἄ ναρχον. On this third heresy respecting the Holy Trinity, see St. Greg. Naz. Orat. ii. 37; xx. 6; in both which places it is, as here, mentioned as the third form of error with Sabellianism and Arianism. See also Bp. Bull, Def. Fid. N. iv. i. 8. The mention of this is not found in the Common text, in which the whole passage is recast. which he does also throughout, nor yet alien from God. For if, even after so much, there are some who assert that He is alien, and assign to Him another father, and say that He is at variance with Him;—had [Paul] not declared these things, what would they not have uttered?

How then does he this? When he is compelled to heal, then is he compelled also to utter lowly things: as for instance, “He appointed Him” (saith he) “heir of all things,” and “by Him He made the worlds.” (Supra, ver. 2.) But that He might not be in another way dishonored, he brings Him up again to absolute authority and declares Him to be of equal honor with the Father, yea, so equal, that many thought Him to be the Father.

And observe thou his great wisdom. First he lays down the former point and makes it sure accurately. And when this is shown, that He is the Son of God, and not alien from Him, he thereafter speaks out safely all the high sayings, as many as he will. Since any high speech concerning Him, led many into the notion just mentioned, he first sets down what is humiliating and then safely mounts up as high as he pleases. And having said, “whom He appointed heir of all things,” and that “by Him He made the worlds,” he then adds, “and upholding all things by the word of His power.” For He that by a word only governs all things, could not be in need of any one, for the producing all things.

[2.] And to prove this, mark how again going forward, and laying aside the “by whom,” he assigns to Him absolute power. For after he had effected what he wished by the use of it, thenceforward leaving it, what saith he? “Thou Lord in the beginning hast laid the foundation of the earth, and the heavens are the works of Thine hands.” (Infra, ver. 10.) Nowhere is there the saying “by whom,” or that “by Him He made the worlds.” What then? Were they not made by Him? Yes, but not, as thou sayest or imaginest, “as by an instrument”: nor as though He would not have made them unless the Father had reached out a hand to Him. For as He “judgeth no man” ( John v. 22 ), and is said to judge by the Son, in that He begat Him a judge; so also, to create by Him, in that He begat Him a Creator. And if the Father be the original cause of Him, in that He is Father, much more of the things which have been made by Him. When therefore he would show that He is of Him, he speaks of necessity lowly things. But when he would utter high things, Marcellus takes a handle, and Sabellius; avoiding however the excess of both, he holds a middle [way]. For neither does he dwell on the humiliation, lest Paul of Samosata should obtain a standing place, nor yet does he for ever abide in the high sayings; but shows on the contrary His abundant nearness, lest Sabellius rush in upon him. He names Him “Son,” and immediately Paul of Samosata comes on him, saying that He is a son, as the many are. But he gives him a fatal wound, calling Him “Heir.” But yet, with Arius, he is shameless. For the saying, “He appointed Him heir,” they both hold: the former one saying, it comes of weakness; the other still presses objections, endeavoring to support himself by the clause which follows. For by saying, “by whom also He made the worlds,” he strikes backwards the impudent Samosatene: while Arius still seems to be strong. Nevertheless see how he smites him likewise, saying again, “who being the brightness of His glory.” But behold! Sabellius again springs on us, with Marcellus, and Photinus: but on all these also he inflicts one blow, saying, “and the express image of His person and upholding all things by the word of His power.” Here again he wounds Marcion too;88   Because Marcion, holding the Creation to be evil, denied the Son’s preserving Power. not very severely, but however he doth wound him. For through the whole of this Epistle he is fighting against them.

But the very thing which he said, “the brightness of the glory,” hear also Christ Himself saying, “I am the Light of the world.” ( John viii. 12.) Therefore he [the Apostle] uses the word “brightness,” showing that this was said in the sense of “Light of Light.” Nor is it this alone which he shows, but also that He hath enlightened our souls; and He hath Himself manifested the Father, and by “the brightness” he has indicated the nearness of the Being [of the Father and the Son89   καὶ διὰ τοῦ ἀπαυγάσματος τῆς οὐσίας τὴν ἐγγύτητα ἔδειξεν. Sav. and Ben. read διὰ δὲ τοῦ ἀ. τὸ ἴσον ἐσήμανε τῆς οὐσίας, καὶ τὴν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα ἐγγύτητα. “By &c. he indicated the equality of His Substance and His nearness to the Father.”]. Observe the subtlety of his expressions. He hath taken one essence and subsistence to indicate two subsistences. Which he also doth in regard to the knowledge of the Spirit90   Cf. forsitan. ; for as he saith that the knowledge of the Father is one with that of the Spirit, as being indeed one, and in nought varying from itself ( 1 Cor. ii. 10–12 ): so also here he hath taken hold of one certain [thing] whereby to express the subsistence of the Two.91   εἰς τὴν τῶν δυὸ ὑπόστασιν. Sav. and Ben. read ἐ. τ. τ. δ. ὑποστάσεων δήλωσιν, “whereby to show the two Subsistencies.” Mr. Field says that the old translation of Mutianus in some degree confirms this latter reading, which is easier. The word ὑ πόστασιν in the singular is used in the sense of “Personality,” as above, p. 370, note 12.

And he adds that He is “the express Image.” For the “express Image” is something other92   ἄ λλος τις than its Prototype: yet not Another in all respects, but as to having real subsistence. Since here also the term, “express image,” indicates there is no variation from that whereof it is the “express image”: its similarity in all respects. When therefore he calls Him both Form,93   Philip. ii. 6 , see below. and express Image, what can they say? “Yea,” saith he, “man is also called an Image of God.”94   εἰκόνος εἰκὼν, Ben.: εἰκών (only), Sav. What then! is he so [an image of Him] as the Son is? No (saith he) but because the term, image, doth not show resemblance. And yet, in that man is called an Image, it showeth resemblance, as in man. For what God is in Heaven, that man is on earth, I mean as to dominion. And as he hath power over all things on earth, so also hath God power over all things which are in heaven and which are on earth. But otherwise, man is not called “Express image,” he is not called Form: which phrase declares the substance, or rather both substance and similarity in substance. Therefore just as “the form of a slave” ( Philip. ii. 6, 7 ) expresses no other thing than a man without variation95   ἀ παράλλακτον [from human nature], so also “the form of God” expresses no other thing than God.

“Who being” (saith he) “the brightness of His glory.” See what Paul is doing. Having said, “Who being the brightness of His glory,” he added again, “He sat down on the right hand of the Majesty”: what names he hath used, nowhere finding a name for the Substance. For neither “the Majesty,” nor “the Glory” setteth forth the Name, which he wishes to say, but is not able to find a name. For this is what I said at the beginning, that oftentimes we think something, and are not able to express [it]: since not even the word God is a name of substance, nor is it at all possible to find a name of that Substance.

And what marvel, if it be so in respect of God, since not even in respect of an Angel, could one find a name expressive of his substance? Perhaps too, neither in respect of the soul. For this name [soul] doth not seem to me to be significative of the substance thereof, but of breathing. For one may see that the same [thing] is called both Soul and Heart and Mind: for, saith he, “Create in me a clean heart, O God” ( Ps. li. 10 ), and one may often see that it [the soul] is called spirit.

“And upholding all things by the word of His power.” Tell me, “God said” (it is written), “Let there be light” ( Gen. i. 3 ): “the Father, saith one,96   This is an heretical objection, as is expressed by the reading in the editions of Sav. and Ben. commanded, and the Son obeyed”? But behold here He also [the Son] acts by word. For (saith he), “And upholding all things”—that is, governing; He holds together what would fall to pieces; For, to hold the world together, is no less than to make it, but even greater (if one must say a strange thing). For the one is to bring forward something out of things which are not: but the other, when things which have been made are about to fill back into non-existence, to hold and fasten them together, utterly at variance as they are with each other: this is indeed great and wonderful, and a certain proof of exceeding power.

Then showing the easiness, he said, “upholding”: (he did not say, governing,97   κυβερνῶν from the figure of those who simply with their finger move anything, and cause it to go round.) Here he shows both the mass of the creation to be great, and that this greatness is nothing to Him. Then again he shows the freedom from the labor, saying, “By the word of His power.” Well said he, “By the word.” For since, with us, a word is accounted to be a bare thing, he shows that it is not bare with God. But, how “He upholdeth by the word,” he hath not further added: for neither is it possible to know. Then he added concerning His majesty: for thus John also did: having said that “He is God” ( John i. 1 ), he brought in the handiwork of the Creation. For the same thing which the one indirectly expressed, saying, “In the beginning was the Word,” and “All things were made by Him” ( John i. 3 ), this did the other also openly declare by “the Word,” and by saying “by whom also He made the worlds.” For thus he shows Him to be both a Creator, and before all ages. What then? when the prophet saith, concerning the Father, “Thou art from everlasting and to everlasting” ( Ps. xc. 2 ), and concerning the Son, that He is before all ages, and the maker of all things—what can they say? Nay rather, when the very thing which was spoken of the Father,—“He which was before the worlds,”—this one may see spoken of the Son also? And that which one saith, “He was life” ( John i. 4 ), pointing out the preservation of the creation, that Himself is the Life of all things,—so also saith this other, “and upholding all things by the word of His power”: not as the Greeks who defraud Him, as much as in them lies, both of Creation itself, and of Providence, shutting up His power, to reach only as far as to the Moon.

“By Himself” (saith he) “having purged our sins.” Having spoken concerning those marvelous and great matters, which are most above us, he proceeds to speak also afterwards concerning His care for men. For indeed the former expression, “and upholding all things,” also was universal: nevertheless this is far greater, for it also is universal: for, for His part, “all” men believed.98   [i.e. so far as Christ’s work for men was concerned, it was universal. He put it in the power of all to believe.—F.G.] As John also, having said, “He was life,” and so pointed out His providence, saith again, and “He was light.”

“By Himself,” saith he, “having purged our sins, He sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high.” He here setteth down two very great proofs of His care: first the “purifying us from our sins,” then the doing it “by Himself.” And in many places, thou seest him making very much of this,—not only of our reconciliation with God, but also of this being accomplished through the Son. For the gift being truly great, was made even greater by the fact that it was through the Son.

For99   γὰρ, om. S. in saying, “He sat on the right hand,” and, “having by Himself purged our sins,”—though he had put us in mind of the Cross, he quickly added the mention of the resurrection and ascension. And see his unspeakable wisdom: he said not, “He was commanded to sit down,” but “He sat down.” Then again, lest thou shouldest think that He standeth, he subjoins, “For to which of the angels said He at any time, Sit thou on My right hand.”

“He sat” (saith he) “on the right hand of the Majesty on high.” What is this “on high”? Doth he enclose God in place? Away with such a thought! but just as, when he saith, “on the right hand,” he did not describe Him as having figure, but showed His equal dignity with the Father; so, in saying “on high,” he did not enclose Him there, but expressed the being higher than all things, and having ascended up above all things. That is, He attained even unto the very throne of the Father: as therefore the Father is on high, so also is He. For the “sitting together” implies nothing else than equal dignity. But if they say, that He said, “Sit Thou,” we may ask them, What then? did He speak to Him standing? Moreover, he said not that He commanded, not that He enjoined, but that “He said”: for no other reason, than that thou mightest not think Him without origin and without cause. For that this is why he said it, is evident from the place of His sitting. For had he intended to signify inferiority, he would not have said, “on the right hand,” but on the left hand.

Ver. 4. “Being made,” saith he, “so much better than the angels, as He hath by inheritance obtained a more excellent name than they.” The “being made,” here, is instead of “being shown forth,” as one may say. Then also from what does he reason confidently? From the Name. Seest thou that the name Son is wont to declare true relationship? And indeed if He were not a true Son (and “true” is nothing else than “of Him”), how does he reason confidently from this? For if He be Son only by grace, He not only is not “more excellent than the angels,” but is even less than they. How? Because righteous men too were called sons; and the name son, if it be not a genuine son, doth not avail to show the “excellency.” When too he would point out that there is a certain difference between creatures and their maker, hear what he saith:

Ver. 5. “For to which of the Angels said He at any time, Thou art My Son, this day have I begotten Thee. And again, I will be to Him a Father, and He shall be to Me a Son”? For these things indeed are spoken with reference also to the flesh: “I will be to Him a Father, and He shall be to Me a Son”—while this,100   Sav. and Ben. omit the words σήμερον … σε, and for ἐ ξ οὗ ἐστιν ὁ θεός ὥσπερ γὰρ have ἐ ξ αὐτοῦ ἐστιν· ὥσπερ δὲ, so that the passage runs; “but this, ‘ thou art My Son, ’ expresses nothing else than that He is of Him. And just as,” &c…The corrector seems to have misapprehended the meaning of ἐ ξ οὗ in this place. “Thou art My Son, this day have I begotten Thee,” expresses nothing else than “from [the time] that God is.” For as He is said to be,101   ὢ ν from the time present (for this befits Him more than any other), so also the [word] “To-day” seems to me to be spoken here with reference to the flesh. For when He hath taken hold of it, thenceforth he speaks out all boldly. For indeed the flesh partakes of the high things, just as the Godhead of the lowly. For He who disdained not to become man, and did not decline the reality, how should He have declined the expressions?

Seeing then that we know these things, let us be ashamed of nothing, nor have any high thoughts. For if He Himself being God and Lord and Son of God, did not decline to take the form of a slave, much more ought we to do all things, though they be lowly. For tell me, O man, whence hast thou high thoughts? from things of this life? but these or ever they appear, run by. Or, from things spiritual? nay, this is itself one spiritual excellency,—to have no high thoughts.

Wherefore then dost thou cherish high thoughts? because thou goest on aright? hear Christ saying, “When ye have done all things, say, we are unprofitable servants, for we have done that which was our duty to do.” ( Luke xvii. 10.)

Or because of thy wealth hast thou high thoughts? Dost thou not see those before thee, how they departed naked and desolate? did we not come naked into life, and naked also shall depart? who hath high thoughts on having what is another’s? for they who will use it to their own enjoyment alone, are deprived of it how ever unwillingly, often before death, and at death certainly. But (saith one) while we live we use them as we will. First of all, one doth not lightly see any man using what he hath as he will. Next, if a man do even use things as he will, neither is this a great matter: for the present time is short compared with the ages without end. Art thou high-minded, O man, because thou art rich? on what account? for what cause? for this befalleth also robbers, and thieves, and man-slayers, and effeminate, and whoremongers, and all sorts of wicked men. Wherefore then art thou high-minded? Since if thou hast made meet use of it, thou must not be high-minded, lest thou profane the commandment: but if unmeet, by this indeed [it has come to pass that] thou art become a slave of money, and goods, and art overcome by them. For tell me, if any man sick of a fever should drink much water, which for a short space indeed quencheth his thirst, but afterwards kindleth the flame, ought he to be high-minded? And what, if any man have many cares without cause, ought he therefore to be high-minded? tell me, wherefore? because thou hast many masters? because thou hast ten thousand cares? because many will flatter thee? [Surely not.] For thou art even their slave. And to prove that to thee, hear plainly. The other affections which are within us, are in some cases useful. For instance, Anger is often useful. For (saith he) “unjust wrath shall not be innocent” ( Ecclus. i. 22 ): wherefore it is possible for one to be justly in wrath. And again, “He that is angry with his brother without cause,102   [St. Chrys. here follows a text having the gloss εἰκῆ now rejected by nearly all critical editors.—F.G.] shall be in danger of hell.” ( Matt. v. 22.) Again for instance, emulation, desire, [are useful]: the one when it hath reference to the procreation of children, the other when he directs his emulation to excellent things. As Paul also saith, “It is good to be zealously affected always in a good thing” ( Gal. iv. 18 ) and, “Covet earnestly the best gifts.” ( 1 Cor. xii. 31.) Both therefore are useful: but an insolent spirit is in no case good, but is always unprofitable and hurtful.

However, if a man must be proud, [let it be] for poverty, not for wealth. Wherefore? Because he who can live upon a little, is far greater and better than he who cannot. For tell me, supposing certain persons called to the Imperial City, if some of them should need neither beasts, nor slaves, nor umbrellas, nor lodging-places, nor sandals, nor vessels, but it should suffice them to have bread, and to take water from the wells,—while others of them should say, “unless ye give us conveyances, and a soft bed, we cannot come; unless also we have many followers, unless we may be allowed continually to rest ourselves, we cannot come, nor unless we have the use of beasts, unless too we may travel but a small portion of the day—and we have need of many other things also”: whom should we admire? those or these? plainly, these who require nothing. So also here: some need many things for the journey through this life; others, nothing. So that it would be more fitting to be proud, for poverty if it were fitting at all.

“But the poor man,” they say, “is contemptible.” Not he, but those who despise him. For why do not I despise those who know not how to admire what they ought? Why, if a person be a painter, he will laugh to scorn all who jeer at him, so long as they are uninstructed; nor doth he regard the things which they say, but is content with his own testimony. And shall we depend on the opinion of the many? Therefore, we are worthy of contempt when men despise us for our poverty, and we do not despise them nor call them miserable.

And I say not how many sins are produced by wealth, and how many good things by poverty. But rather, neither wealth nor poverty is excellent in itself, but through those who use it. The Christian shines out in poverty rather than in riches. How? He will be less arrogant, more sober-minded, graver, more equitable, more considerate: but he that is in wealth, hath many impediments to these things. Let us see then what the rich man does, or rather, he who useth his wealth amiss. Such an one practiceth rapine, fraud, violence. Men’s unseemly loves, unholy unions, witchcrafts, poisonings, all their other horrors,—wilt thou not find them produced by wealth? Seest thou, that in poverty rather than in wealth the pursuit of virtue is less laborious? For do not, I beseech thee, think that because rich men do not suffer punishment here, neither do they sin. Since if it were easy for a rich man to suffer punishment, thou wouldest surely have found the prisons filled with them. But among its other evils, wealth hath this also, that he who possesseth it, transgressing in evil with impunity, will never be stayed from doing so, but will receive wounds without remedies, and no man will put a bridle on him.

And if a man choose, he will find that poverty affords us more resources even for pleasure. How? Because it is freed from cares, hatred, fighting, contention, strife, from evils out of number.

Therefore let us not follow after wealth, nor be forever envying those who possess much. But let those of us who have wealth, use it aright; and those who have not, let us not grieve for this, but give thanks for all things unto God, because He enableth us to receive with little labor the same reward with the rich, or even (if we will) a greater: and from small means we shall have great gains. For so he that brought the two talents, was admired and honored equally with him who brought the five. Now why? Because he was entrusted with [but] two talents, yet he accomplished all that in him lay, and brought in what was entrusted to him, doubled. Why then are we eager to have much entrusted to us, when we may by a little reap the same fruits, or even greater? when the labor indeed is less, but the reward much more? For more easily will a poor man part with his own, than a rich man who hath many and great possessions. What, know ye not, that the more things a man hath, the more he setteth his love upon? Therefore, lest this befall us, let us not seek after wealth, nor let us be impatient of poverty, nor make haste to be rich: and let those of us who have [riches] so use them as Paul commanded. (“They that have,” saith he, “as though they had not, and they that use this world as not abusing it”— 1 Cor. vii. 29, 31 ): that we may obtain the good things promised. And may it be granted to us all to obtain them, by the grace and love of our Lord Jesus Christ, with whom to the Father together with the Holy Ghost, be glory, power, honor, now, and for ever, and world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Βʹ. Ὃς ὢν ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης καὶ χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ, φέρων τε τὰ πάντα τῷ ῥή ματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ, δι' ἑαυτοῦ καθαρι σμὸν ποιησάμενος τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν. αʹ. Πανταχοῦ μὲν εὐλαβοῦς διανοίας δεῖ, μάλιστα δὲ ὅταν περὶ Θεοῦ λέγωμέν τι καὶ ἀκούωμεν: οὔτε γὰρ γλῶσσα εἰπεῖν, οὔτε οὖς ἀκοῦσαι πρὸς ἀξίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ τι δύναται: καὶ τί λέγω γλῶτταν καὶ οὖς; οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ νοῦς ὁ πολὺ τούτων ὑπερέχων, δυνήσεταί τι περιλαβεῖν ἀκριβῶς, ὅταν περὶ Θεοῦ τι φθέγγεσθαι βουλώμεθα. Εἰ γὰρ ἡ εἰρήνη τοῦ Θεοῦ ὑπερέχει πάντα νοῦν, καὶ τὰ ἡτοιμασμένα τοῖς ἀγαπῶσιν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἀνέβη: πολλῷ μᾶλλον αὐτὸς ὁ τῆς εἰρήνης Θεὸς, ὁ τῶν ἁπάντων Δημιουργὸς, ὑπερβαίνει πολλῷ τῷ μέτρῳ τὸν ἡμέτερον λογισμόν. Δεῖ τοίνυν μετὰ πίστεως καὶ εὐλαβείας ἅπαντα δέχεσθαι: καὶ ὅταν ὁ λόγος ἐξασθενήσῃ, καὶ μὴ δύνηται παραστῆσαι τὰ λεγόμενα μετὰ ἀκριβείας, τότε μάλιστα δοξάζειν τὸν Θεὸν, ὅτι Θεὸν τοιοῦτον ἔχομεν, καὶ τὴν διάνοιαν ἡμῶν καὶ τὸν λόγον ὑπερβαίνοντα: πολλὰ γὰρ ὧν περὶ Θεοῦ νοοῦμεν, οὐ φράσαι δυνάμεθα: ἢ πολλὰ μὲν φράζομεν, νοῆσαι δὲ οὐκ ἰσχύομεν: οἷόν τι λέγω, ὅτι πανταχοῦ μὲν ὁ Θεὸς ἴσμεν, πῶς δὲ, οὐκέτι νοοῦμεν: ὅτι ἐστί τις ἀσώματος δύναμις πάντων αἰτία τῶν ἀγαθῶν, ἴσμεν, πῶς δέ ἐστιν, οὐκ ἴσμεν. Ἰδοὺ φράζομεν, καὶ οὐ νοοῦμεν. Εἶπον ὅτι πανταχοῦ ἐστιν, ἀλλ' οὐ νοῶ: εἶπον ὅτι ἄναρχός ἐστιν, ἀλλ' οὐ νοῶ: εἶπον ὅτι ἐγέννησεν ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ οὐκ οἶδα πῶς πάλιν νοήσω. Ἔστιν οὖν τινα, ἃ μηδὲ φράσαι ἔνι: οἷόν τι λέγω, νοεῖ ἡ διάνοια, ἀλλ' εἰπεῖν οὐ δύναται. Καὶ ἵνα εἰδῇς καὶ Παῦλον ἀσθενοῦντα, καὶ μὴ πρὸς ἀκρίβειαν τὰ ὑποδείγματα λέγοντα, καὶ φρίξῃς καὶ μηδὲν περαιτέρω ζητήσῃς, ἄκουε: εἰπὼν γὰρ Υἱὸν, καὶ θεὶς δημιουργὸν, τί ἐπάγει; Ὃς ὢν ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης καὶ χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ. Τοῦτο δὲ μετ' εὐλαβείας ἐκλαμβάνειν δεῖ, καὶ τὰ ἄτοπα περικόψαι. Ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης, φησίν. Ἀλλ' ὅρα πρὸς τί αὐτὸ ἐκλαμβάνει, καὶ οὕτω καὶ αὐτὸς δέχου: ὅτι ἐξ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἀπαθῶς, ὅτι οὐ μειωθέντος οὐδὲ ἐλαττωθέντος: ἐπειδή εἰσί τινες ἄτοπά τινα ἐκ τοῦ ὑποδείγματος ἐκλαμβάνοντες. Τὸ γὰρ ἀπαύγασμα, φασὶν, ἐνυπόστατον οὐκ ἔστιν, ἀλλ' ἐν ἑτέρῳ ἔχει τὸ εἶναι. Μὴ τοῦτο τοίνυν ἐκλάβῃς, ἄνθρωπε, μηδὲ Μαρκέλλου καὶ Φωτεινοῦ νοσήσῃς τὴν νόσον. Ἐγγύθεν γάρ σε θεραπεύει, ὥστε μὴ εἰς ἐκείνην ἐμπεσεῖν σε τὴν διάνοιαν, οὐδὲ ἀφίησί σε εἰς τὸ ὀλέθριον ἐκεῖνο νόσημα κατενεχθῆναι: τί δέ φησι; Καὶ χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ: δηλῶν διὰ τῆς ἐπαγωγῆς, ὅτι ὥσπερ ἐστὶν ὁ Πατὴρ ἐνυπόστατος, καὶ πρὸς ὑπόστασιν οὐδενὸς δεόμενος: οὕτω καὶ ὁ Υἱός. Ἐνταῦθα γὰρ τὸ ἀπαράλλακτον δεικνὺς τοῦτό φησι, καὶ πρὸς τὸν ἰδιάζοντα χαρακτῆρα τοῦ πρωτοτύπου παραπέμπων σε, καὶ διδάσκων ὡς ἐν ὑποστάσει ἐστὶ καθ' ἑαυτόν. Εἰπὼν δὲ ἀνωτέρω, ὅτι δι' αὐτοῦ ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὰ πάντα, ἐνταῦθα δίδωσιν αὐτῷ τὴν αὐθεντίαν. Τί γὰρ ἐπάγει; Φέρων τε τὰ πάντα τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ: ἵνα ἐκ τούτου μὴ μόνον τὸν χαρακτῆρα τῆς ὑποστάσεως ἐκλάβωμεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ μετὰ αὐθεντίας ἅπαντα κυβερνᾷν. Ὅρα τοίνυν πῶς, ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἴδιον τοῦ Πατρὸς, τοῦτο προσάπτει τῷ Υἱῷ. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἶπε: Φέρων τε τὰ πάντα, οὐδὲ εἶπε: Τῇ δυνάμει αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ, Τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ. Ὥσπερ γὰρ πρώην ἡμῖν ἀνῄει κατὰ μικρὸν καὶ κατῄει: οὕτω καὶ νῦν, καθάπερ ἀπό τινων βαθμῶν, ἀναβαίνει εἰς ὕψος, εἶτα πάλιν καταβαίνει, καί φησι: Δι' οὗ καὶ τοὺς αἰῶνας ἐποίησεν. Ὅρα πῶς καὶ ἐνταῦθα δύο τέμνει ὁδούς. Βουλόμενος γὰρ ἡμᾶς ἀπαγαγεῖν τῆς Σαβελλίου καὶ Ἀρείου καινοτομίας, τοῦ μὲν τὸ περιττὸν τῆς ὑποστάσεως ἀναιροῦντος, τοῦ δὲ τὴν μίαν φύσιν εἰς ἀνισότητα κατατέμνοντος, ἐκ περιουσίας ἀμφότερα καθαιρεῖ. Πῶς οὖν τοῦτο ποιεῖ; Ἄνω καὶ κάτω τὰ αὐτὰ στρέφει καὶ φθέγγεται, ὥστε μὴ νομισθῆναι αὐτὸν ἄναρχον, μηδὲ ἀλλότριον τοῦ Θεοῦ. Καὶ μὴ ξενισθῇς τὸν λόγον, ἀγαπητέ: εἰ γὰρ καὶ μετὰ τοσαύτην ἀπόδειξίν εἰσί τινες οἱ ἀλλότριον αὐτὸν εἶναι φήσαντες, καὶ ἕτερον αὐτῷ δόντες πατέρα, καὶ τούτῳ πολεμεῖν αὐτὸν λέγοντες: εἰ μὴ ταῦτα εἶπε, τί οὐκ ἂν ἐφθέγξαντο; Ὅταν οὖν θεραπεύειν ἀναγκάζηται, τότε ἀναγκάζεται καὶ τὰ ταπεινὰ φθέγγεσθαι: οἷον ὅτι Ἔθηκε, φησὶν, αὐτὸν κληρονόμον πάντων, καὶ ὅτι Δι' αὐτοῦ τοὺς αἰῶνας ἐποίησεν. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ ἑτέρως λυμήνηται, ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων τῆς ταπεινότητος εἰς αὐθεντίαν πάλιν αὐτὸν ἀνάγει, καὶ δείκνυσιν ὁμότιμον ὄντα τῷ Πατρὶ, καὶ οὕτως ὁμότιμον, ὡς πολλοὺς νομίσαι τὸν αὐτὸν εἶναι Πατέρα. Καὶ θέα τὴν σύνεσιν αὐτοῦ τὴν πολλήν: πρότερον ἐκεῖνο τίθησι, καὶ ἀσφαλίζεται αὐτὸ μετὰ ἀκριβείας: καὶ ὅταν τοῦτο δειχθῇ, ὅτι τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν Υἱὸς, καὶ ὅτι οὐκ ἀλλότριος αὐτοῦ, μετὰ ἀδείας λοιπὸν ἅπαντα, ὅσα βούλεται, φθέγγεται τὰ ὑψηλά. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὸ μέγα τι περὶ αὐτοῦ εἰπεῖν εἰς ἐκείνην τὴν ἔννοιαν πολλοὺς ἤγαγε, πρότερον θεὶς τὰ ταπεινὰ, μετὰ ἀσφαλείας τότε εἰς ὕψος ἀνέρχεται ὅσον βούλεται: καὶ εἰπών: Ὃν ἔθηκε κληρονόμον πάντων, καὶ ὅτι δι' αὐτοῦ τοὺς αἰῶνας ἐποίησε, τότε ἐπάγει: Φέρων τε τὰ πάντα τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ. Ὁ γὰρ ῥήματι μόνῳ τὰ πάντα διακυβερνῶν, οὐκ ἂν δεηθείη τινὸς εἰς τὸ παραγαγεῖν τὰ πάντα. βʹ. Καὶ ὅτι τοῦτό ἐστιν, ὅρα πῶς πάλιν προϊὼν δίδωσιν αὐτῷ τὴν αὐθεντίαν, καὶ τὸ, Δι' οὗ, ἐξελών. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἰργάσατο δι' αὐτοῦ ὃ ἤθελε, λοιπὸν ἀποστὰς ἀπ' αὐτοῦ, τί φησι; Κατ' ἀρχὰς σὺ, Κύριε, τὴν γῆν ἐθεμελίωσας, καὶ ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν σού εἰσιν οἱ οὐρανοί. Οὐδαμοῦ τὸ, Δι' οὗ, οὐδὲ ὅτι ἐποίησε δι' αὐτοῦ τοὺς αἰῶνας. Τί οὖν; οὐχ ὑπ' αὐτοῦ γεγένηνται; Ναί: ἀλλ' οὐχ ὡς σὺ λέγεις, οὐδ' ὡς ὑπονοεῖς, ὡς δι' ὀργάνου, οὐδὲ ὡς οὐκ ἂν ποιήσαντος, εἰ μὴ χεῖρα αὐτῷ ὤρεξεν ὁ Πατήρ. Ὥσπερ γὰρ οὐδένα κρίνει ἐκεῖνος, καὶ λέγεται κρίνειν διὰ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ὅτι κριτὴν αὐτὸν ἐγέννησεν: οὕτω καὶ δημιουργεῖν δι' αὐτοῦ, ὅτι δημιουργὸν αὐτὸν ἐγέννησεν. Εἰ γὰρ αὐτοῦ αἴτιος ὁ Πατὴρ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τῶν δι' αὐτοῦ γεγενημένων. Ὅταν μὲν οὖν βούληται δεῖξαι ὅτι ἐξ αὐτοῦ, ἀναγκαίως τὰ ταπεινὰ φθέγγεται: ὅταν δὲ βούληται ὑψηλὰ φθέγγεσθαι, λαβὴν Μάρκελλος λαμβάνει καὶ Σαβέλλιος. Ἀλλ' ἀμφοτέρων τὴν ἀμετρίαν ἡ Ἐκκλησία φυγοῦσα, μέσην ὥδευσεν ὁδόν. Οὔτε γὰρ ἐπὶ τῆς ταπεινότητος ἐμμένει, ἵνα μὴ Παῦλος ὁ Σαμοσατεὺς λάβῃ χώραν, οὔτε ἀεὶ τοῖς ὑψηλοῖς ἐναπομένει: καὶ δείκνυσιν αὐτοῦ πάλιν τὴν ἐγγύτητα τὴν πολλὴν, ἵνα μὴ Σαβέλλιος ἐπιπηδήσῃ. Εἶπεν Υἱὸν, καὶ εὐθέως ἐφέστηκε Παῦλος ὁ Σαμοσατεὺς, λέγων αὐτὸν εἶναι Υἱὸν ὡς τοὺς πολλούς. Ἀλλ' ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ καιρίαν πληγὴν, εἰπὼν Κληρονόμον. Ἀλλ' ἔτι ἀναισχυντεῖ μετὰ Ἀρείου: τὸ γὰρ, Ἔθηκεν αὐτὸν κληρονόμον, ἀμφότεροι κατέχουσιν: ἐκεῖνος μὲν ἀσθενείας λέγων εἶναι, οὗτος δὲ ἐπισκήπτειν ἐπιχειρῶν καὶ τῷ ἑξῆς. Εἰπὼν δὲ Παῦλος, Δι' οὗ καὶ τοὺς αἰῶνας ἐποίησεν, ἔβαλεν ὕπτιον ἀναισχυντοῦντα τὸν Σαμοσατέα, ὁ δὲ Ἄρειος ἔτι ἰσχυρὸς εἶναι δοκεῖ. Ἀλλ' ὅρα καὶ τοῦτον πῶς καταβάλλει πάλιν εἰπών: Ὃς ὢν ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης αὑτοῦ. Ἀλλ' ἰδοὺ πάλιν ἐπιπηδᾷ Σαβέλλιος, καὶ Μάρκελλος, καὶ Φωτεινός. Ἀλλὰ κἀκείνοις πᾶσι μίαν πληγὴν δίδωσιν, εἰπών: Καὶ χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ, φέρων τε τὰ πάντα τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ. Ἐνταῦθα πάλιν καὶ Μαρκίωνα πλήττει, οὐ σφόδρα μὲν ἰσχυρῶς, πλήττε: δ' οὖν ὅμως: δι' ὅλης γὰρ τῆς ἐπιστολῆς πρὸς αὐτοὺς μάχεται. Ἀλλ' ὅπερ ἔφην, ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης εἴρηκε τὸν Υἱόν: καὶ ὅτι καλῶς, ἄκουε τοῦ Χριστοῦ λέγοντος περὶ αὑτοῦ, Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου. Διὰ τοῦτο δὲ ἀπαύγασμα εἶπεν αὐτὸς, ἵνα δείξῃ ὅτι κἀκεῖ οὕτως εἴρηται: δῆλον δὲ, ὡς φῶς ἐκ φωτός. Οὐ τοῦτο δὲ μόνον δείκνυται, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ ἐφώτισε τὰς ἡμετέρας ψυχάς. Διὰ δὲ τοῦ ἀπαυγάσματος τὸ ἴσον ἐσήμανε τῆς οὐσίας, καὶ τὴν πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα ἐγγύτητα. Ἐννόησον τὴν λεπτότητα τῶν εἰρημένων: οὐσίαν μίαν ἔλαβε καὶ ὑπόστασιν εἰς δύο ὑποστάσεων παράστασιν: ὃ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ Πνεύματος ποιεῖ. Ὥσπερ γὰρ μίαν εἶναί φησι τὴν γνῶσιν τὴν τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Πνεύματος, ὡς ὄντως μίαν, καὶ οὐδὲν πρὸς ἑαυτὴν διεστηκυῖαν: οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἑνός τινος ἐπελάβετο ῥήματος εἰς τὴν τῶν δύο ὑποστάσεων δήλωσιν. Εἶτα ἐπήγαγεν, ὅτι Καὶ χαρακτήρ. Ὁ γὰρ χαρακτὴρ ἄλλος τίς ἐστι παρὰ τὸ πρωτότυπον: ἄλλος δὲ οὐ πάντη, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸ ἐνυπόστατον εἶναι: ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐνταῦθα ὁ χαρακτὴρ τὸ ἀπαράλλακτον δηλοῖ οὗ ἐστι χαρακτὴρ, τὸ ὅμοιον κατὰ πάντα. Ὅταν οὖν καὶ μορφὴν αὐτὸν καλῇ, καὶ χαρακτῆρα, τί ἐροῦσιν; Ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰκόνος εἴρηται εἰκὼν ὁ ἄνθρωπος, φησί. Τί οὖν; οὕτως ὡς ὁ Υἱός; Οὒ, φησὶν, ἀλλ' ὅτι εἰκὼν οὐ δείκνυσι τὸ ὅμοιον. Καίτοι γε καθ' ὃ εἴρηται ὁ ἄνθρωπος εἰκὼν, δείκνυσι τὸ ὅμοιον ὡς ἐν ἀνθρώπῳ. Ὅπερ γάρ ἐστιν ὁ Θεὸς ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, τοῦτο ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, κατὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν λέγω: καὶ ὥσπερ τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς πάντων οὗτος κρατεῖ, οὕτω καὶ ὁ Θεὸς πάντων κρατεῖ τῶν ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ καὶ τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. Ἄλλως δὲ, ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὐκ εἴρηται χαρακτὴρ, οὐκ εἴρηται ἀπαύγασμα, οὐκ εἴρηται μορφή: ὅπερ τὴν οὐσίαν ἐμφαίνει, ἢ καὶ ὁμοιότητα τὴν κατ' οὐσίαν. Ὥσπερ οὖν ἡ μορφὴ τοῦ δούλου οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἐμφαίνει ἢ ἄνθρωπον ἀπαράλλακτον: οὕτω καὶ ἡ μορφὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἐμφαίνει ἢ Θεόν. Ὃς ὢν ἀπαύγασμα, φησὶ, τῆς δόξης. Ὅρα τὸν Παῦλον τί ποιεῖ. Εἰπών: Ὃς ὢν ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης, ἐπήγαγε πάλιν: Ἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς μεγαλωσύνης: ὀνόμασιν οἵοις κέχρηται, οὐδαμοῦ τῆς οὐσίας αὐτῆς ὄνομα εὑρών. Οὔτε γὰρ ἡ μεγαλωσύνη, οὔτε ἡ δόξα τὸ ὄνομα παρίστησιν, ὃ βούλεται εἰπεῖν, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔχει ὄνομα εὑρεῖν. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ὃ ἔλεγον ἐξ ἀρχῆς, ὅτι πολλάκις τινὰ νοοῦμεν, καὶ οὐ δυνάμεθα φράζειν: ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ τὸ, Θεὸς, ὄνομα οὐσίας ἐστὶν, οὐδὲ ἔστιν ὅλως τῆς οὐσίας ἐκείνης ὄνομα εὑρεῖν. Καὶ τί θαυμαστὸν εἰ ἐπὶ Θεοῦ, ὅπου γε οὐδὲ ἐπὶ ἀγγέλου εὕροι τις ἂν ὄνομα τῆς οὐσίας δηλωτικόν; τάχα δὲ οὐδὲ ἐπὶ ψυχῆς: οὐ γάρ μοι δοκεῖ τοῦτο τὸ ὄνομα παραστατικὸν εἶναι τῆς οὐσίας αὐτῆς, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ψύχειν. Τὴν γὰρ αὐτὴν καὶ ψυχὴν, καὶ καρδίαν, καὶ νοῦν καλουμένην ἴδοι τις ἄν. Καρδίαν γὰρ, φησὶ, καθαρὰν κτίσον ἐν ἐμοὶ, ὁ Θεός. Οὐ μόνον δὲ ταῦτα, ἀλλὰ καὶ πνεῦμα πολλαχοῦ ἴδοι τις ἂν λεγομένην αὐτήν. Φέρων τε τὰ πάντα τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ. Ὁρᾷς τί φησι; γʹ. Πῶς οὖν, εἰπέ μοι, λέγεις, αἱρετικὲ, διὰ τὸ λέγεσθαι παρὰ τῇ Γραφῇ: Εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς, Γενηθήτω φῶς, ὅτι Πατὴρ ἐπέταξεν, ὁ δὲ Υἱὸς ἐπήκουσεν; Ἀλλ' ἰδοὺ καὶ ἐνταῦθα ῥήματι αὐτὸς ποιεῖ: Φέρων τε γὰρ, φησὶ, τὰ πάντα: τουτέστι, κυβερνῶν, τὰ διαπίπτοντα συγκρατῶν. Τοῦ γὰρ ποιῆσαι τὸν κόσμον οὐχ ἧττόν ἐστι τὸ συγκρατεῖν, ἀλλ', εἰ δεῖ τι καὶ θαυμαστὸν εἰπεῖν, καὶ μεῖζον. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων ἐστί τι παράγειν: τὸ δὲ, τὰ γεγονότα εἰς τὸ μὴ εἶναι μέλλοντα ἀναχωρεῖν, συνέχειν τε καὶ συνάπτειν πρὸς ἄλληλα διαστασιάζοντα, τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ μέγα καὶ θαυμαστὸν, καὶ πολλῆς δυνάμεως τεκμήριον. Εἶτα καὶ τὸ εὔκολον δηλῶν εἶπε: Φέρων. Οὐκ εἶπε: Κυβερνῶν, ἀπὸ μεταφορᾶς τῶν ἁπλῶς τῷ δακτύλῳ τι κινούντων, καὶ ποιούντων περιφέρεσθαι. Ἐνταῦθα καὶ τὸν ὄγκον τῆς κτίσεως ἔδειξε μέγαν ὄντα, καὶ τὸ μέγα οὐδὲν αὐτῷ ὄν. Εἶτα πάλιν τὸ ἀπονητὶ δείκνυσιν, εἰπών: Τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ. Καλῶς εἶπε: Τῷ ῥήματι: ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὸ ῥῆμα παρ' ἡμῖν ψιλὸν εἶναι δοκεῖ, δείκνυσιν ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι ψιλὸν ἐπὶ Θεοῦ. Ἀλλ' ὅτι μὲν τῷ ῥήματι φέρει, εἶπε, τὸ δὲ πῶς τῷ ῥήματι φέρει οὐκέτι προσέθηκεν: οὐδὲ γὰρ δυνατὸν εἰδέναι. Εἶτα ἐπήγαγε περὶ τῆς μεγαλειότητος αὐτοῦ. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ὁ Ἰωάννης πεποίηκεν: εἰπὼν γὰρ ὅτι Θεός ἐστιν, ἐπήγαγε τῆς κτίσεως τὴν δημιουργίαν. Ὅπερ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος ᾐνίξατο εἰπών: Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ Λόγος, καὶ, Πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, τοῦτο καὶ οὗτος διὰ τοῦ ῥήματος καὶ τοῦ εἰπεῖν, Δι' οὗ καὶ τοὺς αἰῶνας ἐποίησεν, ἐνέφηνε: καὶ γὰρ καὶ δημιουργὸν, καὶ πρὸ πάντων ὄντα τῶν αἰώνων αὐτὸν δείκνυσι. Τί οὖν, ὅταν περὶ τοῦ Πατρὸς μὲν λέγῃ ὁ Προφήτης, Ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰῶνος καὶ ἕως τοῦ αἰῶνος σὺ εἶ: περὶ δὲ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ὅτι πρὸ πάντων ἐστὶ τῶν αἰώνων, καὶ τῶν ἁπάντων Δημιουργὸς, τί ἂν εἴποιεν; μᾶλλον δὲ ὅπερ περὶ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἐλέγετο: Ὁ ὑπάρχων πρὸ τῶν αἰώνων, τοῦτο καὶ περὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἴδοι τις ἂν εἰρημένον; Καὶ ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνός φησι: Ζωὴ ἦν, τὸ διακρατητικὸν τῆς κτίσεως δηλῶν, ὅτι πάντων αὐτός ἐστιν ἡ ζωή: οὕτω καὶ οὗτός φησι: Φέρων τε τὰ πάντα τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ: οὐ καθάπερ Ἕλληνες, καὶ τῆς δημιουργίας αὐτῆς, τό γε εἰς αὐτοὺς ἧκον, ἀποστεροῦντες αὐτὸν καὶ τῆς προνοίας, μέχρι σελήνης συγκλείοντες αὐτοῦ τὴν δύναμιν. Δι' ἑαυτοῦ γὰρ, φησὶ, καθαρισμὸν ποιησάμενος τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν. Εἰπὼν περὶ τῶν θαυμαστῶν ἐκείνων καὶ μεγάλων, τῶν ἀνωτάτω, λέγει λοιπὸν καὶ περὶ τῆς εἰς ἀνθρώπους αὐτοῦ κηδεμονίας. Μάλιστα μὲν γὰρ καὶ ἐκεῖνο καθολικὸν ἦν, τὸ, Φέρων τε τὰ πάντα: πλὴν ἀλλὰ τοῦτο πολλῷ μεῖζον. Καὶ τοῦτο δὲ καθολικόν: τὸ γὰρ αὐτοῦ μέρος, πάντας ἔσωσεν: ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ Ἰωάννης εἰπών: Ζωὴ ἦν, καὶ τὴν πρόνοιαν αὐτοῦ δηλώσας, πάλιν λέγει, ὅτι Καὶ φῶς, τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο δηλῶν. Δι' ἑαυτοῦ, φησὶ, καθαρισμὸν ποιησάμενος τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν, ἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς μεγαλωσύνης ἐν ὑψηλοῖς. Δύο τίθησιν ἐνταῦθα τῆς κηδεμονίας αὐτοῦ τεκμήρια μέγιστα: τό τε καθαρίσαι τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμᾶς, καὶ τὸ δι' ἑαυτοῦ τοῦτο ποιῆσαι. Καὶ πολλαχοῦ ὁρᾷς αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τούτῳ σεμνυνόμενον, οὐ μόνον ἐπὶ τῇ καταλλαγῇ τῇ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ διὰ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦτο γεγενῆσθαι: καὶ γὰρ οὕτω τὸ μέγα δῶρον μεῖζον γεγένηται τῷ διὰ τοῦ Υἱοῦ. Εἰπὼν γάρ: Ἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ, καὶ, Καθαρισμὸν δι' ἑαυτοῦ ποιησάμενος τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν, καὶ ἀναμνήσας τοῦ σταυροῦ, ταχέως τὸν περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως καὶ τῆς ἀναλήψεως λόγον ἐπήγαγε. Καὶ ὅρα τὴν σύνεσιν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἄφατον: οὐκ εἶπεν: Ἐκελεύσθη καθίσαι: ἀλλ', Ἐκάθισεν. Εἶτα πάλιν, ἵνα μὴ νομίσῃς αὐτὸν ἑστάναι, ἐπάγει: Τίνι γὰρ τῶν ἀγγέλων εἶπέ ποτε, Κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου; Ἐκάθισε, φησὶν, ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς μεγαλωσύνης ἐν ὑψηλοῖς. Τί ἐστιν, Ἐν ὑψηλοῖς; εἰς τόπον περικλείει τὸν Θεόν; Ἄπαγε: οὐχ ἵνα τοῦτο ὑποπτεύσωμεν, οὕτως εἴρηκεν: ἀλλ' ὥσπερ εἰπών: Ἐν δεξιᾷ, οὐκ ἐσχημάτισεν αὐτὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸ ὁμότιμον ἔδειξε τὸ πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα: οὕτως εἰπών: Ἐν ὑψηλοῖς, οὐκ ἀπέκλεισεν αὐτὸν ἐκεῖ, ἀλλὰ πάντα ὑπεραναβεβηκότα: ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγεν, εἰς αὐτὸν ἔφθασε τὸν θρόνον τὸν πατρικόν. Ὥσπερ οὖν ὁ Πατὴρ ἐν ὑψηλοῖς, οὕτω καὶ αὐτός: ἡ γὰρ συνεδρία οὐδὲν ἕτερον δείκνυσιν, ἢ τὸ ὁμότιμον. Εἰ δὲ λέγουσιν, ὅτι εἶπε: Κάθου, ἐρώμεθα αὐτούς: Τί οὖν; ἑστῶτι εἶπεν; Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν ἔχοιεν δεῖξαι. Ἄλλως δὲ οὐκ εἶπεν, ὅτι ἐκέλευσεν ἢ προσέταξεν, ἀλλ' ὅτι Εἶπε, Κάθου: καὶ τοῦτο δι' οὐδὲν ἕτερον, ἀλλ' ἵνα μὴ ἄναρχον αὐτὸν νομίσῃς καὶ ἀναίτιον. Ὅτι γὰρ διὰ τοῦτο οὕτως εἴρηκε, δῆλον ἐκ τοῦ τόπου τῆς καθέδρας: εἰ γὰρ ἐλάττωσιν ἤθελε δηλῶσαι, οὐκ ἂν εἶπεν: Ἐκ δεξιῶν, ἀλλ', Ἐξ ἀριστερῶν. Τοσούτῳ κρείττων γενόμενος, φησὶν, ἀγγέλων, ὅσῳ διαφορώτερον παρ' αὐτοὺς κεκληρονόμηκεν ὄνομα. Τὸ, Γενόμενος, ἐνταῦθα ἀντὶ τοῦ, ἀποδειχθεὶς, ὡς ἂν εἴποι τις, ἐστίν. Εἶτα καὶ διισχυρίζεται. Πόθεν; Ἀπὸ τοῦ ὀνόματος. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι οἶδε τὸ, Υἱὸς, ὄνομα τὴν γνησιότητα δηλοῦν; Καὶ μὴν, εἰ μὴ γνήσιον ἦν, οὐκ ἂν τοῦτο εἶπε. Πῶς; Ὅτι δι' οὐδὲν ἕτερον γνήσιός ἐστιν, ἀλλ' ἢ τὸ ἐξ αὐτοῦ εἶναι. Ἀπὸ τούτου τοίνυν ἰσχυρίζεται. Εἰ δὲ χάριτί ἐστιν Υἱὸς, οὐ μόνον οὐ διαφορώτερος, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐλάττων ἐστὶν ἀγγέλων: πῶς; Ὅτι καὶ ἄνθρωποι δίκαιοι ἐκλήθησαν υἱοὶ, καὶ τὸ υἱὸς ὄνομα, ἂν μὴ γνήσιος ᾖ, οὐκ ἰσχύει δεῖξαι τὸ διάφορον. Καὶ δηλῶν ὅτι διαφορά τίς ἐστι κτισμάτων καὶ δημιουργοῦ, ἄκουσον τί φησι: Τίνι γὰρ εἶπέ ποτε τῶν ἀγγέλων, Υἱός μου εἶ σὺ, ἐγὼ σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε; καὶ πάλιν, Ἐγὼ ἔσομαι αὐτῷ εἰς Πατέρα, καὶ αὐτὸς ἔσται μοι εἰς Υἱόν; Ταῦτα εἴρηται μὲν καὶ εἰς τὴν σάρκα: τὸ γὰρ, Ἐγὼ ἔσομαι αὐτῷ εἰς Πατέρα, καὶ αὐτὸς ἔσται μοι εἰς Υἱὸν, τῆς ἐνανθρωπήσεώς ἐστι παραστατικόν: τὸ δὲ, Υἱός μου εἶ σὺ, οὐδὲν ἕτερον δηλοῖ, ἢ ὅτι ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἐστιν. Ὥσπερ δὲ ὢν λέγεται ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος καιροῦ: οὗτος γὰρ μάλιστα ἁρμόζει αὐτῷ: οὕτω καὶ τὸ, Σήμερον, ἐνταῦθά μοι δοκεῖ εἰς τὴν σάρκα εἰρῆσθαι. Ὅταν γὰρ αὐτῆς ἐπιλάβηται, πάντα λοιπὸν ἀδεῶς φθέγγεται. Καὶ γὰρ ἡ σὰρξ κοινωνεῖ τῶν ὑψηλῶν, ὡσπεροῦν καὶ ἡ θεότης τῶν ταπεινῶν. Ὁ Θεὸς γὰρ ἄνθρωπος γενέσθαι μὴ ἀπαξιώσας, καὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα μὴ παραιτησάμενος, πῶς ἂν τὰ ῥήματα παρῃτήσατο; δʹ. Ταῦτ' οὖν εἰδότες, μηδὲν ἐπαισχυνώμεθα, μὴ μέγα φρονῶμεν. Εἰ γὰρ αὐτὸς Θεὸς ὢν καὶ Δεσπότης καὶ Θεοῦ Υἱὸς, οὐ παρῃτήσατο μορφὴν δούλου λαβεῖν: πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡμᾶς ἅπαντα δεῖ ποιεῖν, κἂν ταπεινὰ ᾖ. Πόθεν γὰρ, εἰπέ μοι, ἄνθρωπε, μέγα φρονεῖς; ἀπὸ τῶν βιωτικῶν; ἀλλὰ ταῦτα πρὶν ἢ φανῆναι παρατρέχει. Ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῶν πνευματικῶν; ἀλλ' ἓν καὶ τοῦτό ἐστι κατόρθωμα πνευματικὸν, τὸ μὴ μέγα φρονεῖν. Διὰ τί τοίνυν μέγα φρονεῖς; ὅτι κατορθοῖς: Ἄκουσον τοῦ Χριστοῦ λέγοντος: Ὅταν ποιήσητε πάντα, λέγετε ὅτι Ἀχρεῖοι δοῦλοί ἐσμεν: ἃ γὰρ ὠφείλομεν ποιῆσαι, πεποιήκαμεν. Ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸν πλοῦτον μέγα φρονεῖς; διὰ τί, εἰπέ μοι; οὐκ ἤκουσας ὅτι γυμνοὶ εἰσήλθομεν εἰς τὸν βίον, γυμνοὶ καὶ ἀπελευσόμεθα; μᾶλλον δὲ, οὐχ ὁρᾷς τοὺς πρὸ σοῦ ἐρήμους καὶ γυμνοὺς ἀπελθόντας; Τίς τὰ ἀλλότρια ἔχων μέγα φρονεῖ; Οἱ γὰρ βουλόμενοι αὐτοῖς χρῆσθαι εἰς οἰκείαν μόνην ἀπόλαυσιν, ἀφαιροῦνται αὐτὰ καὶ ἄκοντες, καὶ πρὸ μὲν τῆς τελευτῆς πολλάκις, ἐν δὲ τῇ τελευτῇ πάντως. Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς ζῶντες αὐτοῖς, φησὶν, ὡς βουλόμεθα, χρώμεθα. Μάλιστα μὲν οὐδένα ἄν τις ἴδοι ταχέως, ὡς βούλεται, τοῖς οὖσι χρώμενον: εἰ δέ τις καὶ χρῷτο ὡς βούλεται, οὐδὲ τοῦτο μέγα: βραχὺς γὰρ ὁ παρὼν καιρὸς πρὸς τοὺς αἰῶνας τοὺς ἀτελευτήτους. Μέγα φρονεῖς, ἄνθρωπε, ὅτι πλουτεῖς; τίνος ἕνεκεν; τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ λῃσταῖς παραγίνεται καὶ κλέπταις καὶ ἀνδροφόνοις καὶ μαλακοῖς καὶ πόρνοις καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς πονηροῖς. Διὰ τί οὖν μέγα φρονεῖς; Εἰ μὲν γὰρ εἰς δέον αὐτῷ κέχρησαι, οὐκ ὀφείλεις μέγα φρονεῖν, ἵνα μὴ λυμήνῃ τὴν ἐντολήν: εἰ δὲ οὐκ εἰς δέον, ταύτῃ μάλιστα συστέλλεσθαι δεῖ, ὅτι δοῦλος γέγονας τῶν χρημάτων καὶ κτημάτων καὶ κρατῇ ὑπ' αὐτῶν. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, εἴ τις πυρέττων ὕδωρ ἐκπίοι πολὺ, τὸ πρὸς βραχὺ μὲν σβεννύον τὴν δίψαν, ὕστερον δὲ ἀνάπτον τὴν φλόγα, μέγα ὀφείλει φρονεῖν; Τί δὲ, εἴ τις πλείονα φροντίζει εἰκῆ, διὰ τοῦτο ὀφείλει μέγα φρονεῖν; Διὰ τί, εἰπέ μοι; ἐπειδὴ πολλοὺς ἔχεις δεσπότας; ἐπειδὴ μυρίας μερίμνας; ἐπειδὴ κολακεύουσί σε πολλοί; Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο δουλεύειν ἐστί. Καὶ ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι δουλεύεις αὐτοῖς, ἄκουε σαφῶς: τὰ ἄλλα τῶν παθῶν τῶν ἐν ἡμῖν ἔστιν ὅπου χρήσιμά ἐστιν, οἷον ἡ ὀργὴ πολλαχοῦ χρησίμη: Θυμὸς γὰρ, φησὶν, ἄδικος οὐκ ἀθωωθήσεται: ὥστε ἔστι καὶ δικαίως θυμωθῆναι. Καὶ πάλιν, Ὁ ὀργιζόμενος τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ εἰκῆ, ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ γεέννῃ. Πάλιν ὁ ζῆλος καλὸν καὶ ἡ ἐπιθυμία, ἡ μὲν, ὅταν εἰς παιδοποιίαν γίνηται, ὁ δὲ, ὅταν πρὸς τὰ καλὰ τὴν μίμησιν ἔχῃ. Ὥσπερ καὶ Παῦλος λέγει: Καλὸν δὲ τὸ ζηλοῦσθαι ἐν καλῷ πάντοτε: καὶ πάλιν, Ζηλοῦτε τὰ χαρίσματα τὰ κρείττονα. Ὥστε ἀμφότερα χρήσιμα. Ἡ μέντοι ἀπόνοια οὐδαμοῦ καλὸν, ἀλλὰ πανταχοῦ ἄχρηστον καὶ βλαβερόν. Πλὴν εἰ δεῖ μέγα φρονεῖν, ἐπὶ πενίᾳ, οὐκ ἐπὶ πλούτῳ δεῖ. Διὰ τί; Ὅτι ὁ ἐν ὀλίγοις ζῇν δυνάμενος, τοῦ μὴ δυναμένου πολλῷ μείζων καὶ κρείττων ἐστίν. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, εἰ κληθέντων εἰς βασιλικὴν πόλιν τινῶν, οἱ μὲν αὐτῶν μήτε ὑποζυγίων δέοιντο, μήτε οἰκετῶν, μήτε σκιαδίων, μήτε καταγωγίων, μήτε ὑποδημάτων, μήτε σκευῶν, ἀλλ' ἀπόχρη αὐτοῖς ἄρτον μόνον ἔχειν, καὶ ὕδωρ ἐκ τῶν πηγῶν λαμβάνειν: ἐκεῖνοι δὲ λέγοιεν, ὅτι Ἐὰν μὴ καὶ ὀχήματα δῶτε καὶ στρωμνὴν ἁπαλὴν, οὐ δυνάμεθα παραγενέσθαι, ἐὰν μὴ καὶ πολλοὺς ἔχωμεν τοὺς ἀκολουθοῦντας, ἐὰν μὴ συνεχῶς ἐξῇ διαναπαύεσθαι, οὐ δυνάμεθα, ἐὰν μὴ ὑποζυγίοις χρώμεθα, καὶ μικρὸν ὁδεύωμεν τῆς ἡμέρας μέρος: δεῖ δὲ ἡμῖν καὶ ἑτέρων πλειόνων: τίνας ἂν θαυμάσαιμεν; ἐκείνους, ἢ τούτους; Δῆλον ὅτι τούτους τοὺς οὐδενὸς δεομένους. Οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα, οἱ μὲν πρὸς τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ βίου τούτου πολλῶν δέονται, οἱ δὲ οὐδενός. Ὥστε τοὺς ἐπὶ πενίᾳ μᾶλλον ἐχρῆν μέγα φρονεῖν, εἴ γε καὶ ἐχρῆν. Ἀλλ' εὐκαταφρόνητός ἐστιν ὁ πένης, φησίν. Οὐκ ἐκεῖνος, ἀλλ' οἱ τούτου καταφρονοῦντες. Διὰ τί γὰρ ἐγὼ μὴ καταφρονῶ τῶν οὐκ εἰδότων θαυμάζειν ἃ χρή; Ἀλλ' ἂν μὲν ζωγράφος ᾖ τις, πάντων καταγελάσεται τῶν σκωπτόντων αὐτὸν, ἕως ἂν ὦσιν ἀμαθεῖς, καὶ οὔτε πρὸς τὰ παρ' ἐκείνων λεγόμενα ἐπιστρέφεται, ἀλλὰ τῇ ἑαυτοῦ ἀρκεῖται μαρτυρίᾳ: ἡμεῖς δὲ τῆς τῶν πολλῶν δόξης ἐξαρτήσομεν ἑαυτούς: καὶ ποῦ ταῦτα συγγνώμης ἄξια; Διὰ τοῦτό ἐσμεν ἄξιοι καταφρονεῖσθαι, ὅταν τῶν καταφρονούντων ἡμῶν διὰ τὴν πενίαν μὴ καταφρονῶμεν, μηδὲ ταλανίζωμεν αὐτούς. Καὶ παρίημι ὅσα μὲν ἁμαρτήματα ἀπὸ τοῦ πλούτου τίκτεται, ὅσα δὲ ἀγαθὰ ἀπὸ τῆς πενίας: μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ πλοῦτος, οὐδὲ πενία καθ' ἑαυτὸ καλὸν, ἀλλὰ παρὰ τοὺς χρωμένους τούτῳ γίνεται. Ὁ Χριστιανὸς δόκιμος ἐν πενίᾳ μᾶλλον διαφαίνεται, ἢ ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ. Πῶς; Ἐν πενίᾳ μὲν γὰρ ὢν ἀτυφότερος ἔσται, σωφρονέστερος, σεμνότερος, ἐπιεικέστερος, συνετώτερος: ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ δὲ μένων, πολλὰ πρὸς ταῦτα ἔχει τὰ κωλύματα. Ἴδωμεν οὖν τίνα ἐστὶν ἃ ὁ πλούσιος ἐργάζεται, μᾶλλον δὲ ὁ κακῶς τῷ πλούτῳ κεχρημένος. Ἐκεῖνος ἁρπάζει, πλεονεκτεῖ, βιάζεται. Τί δαί; τοὺς ἔρωτας τοὺς ἀτόπους, τὰς ἀθεμίτους μίξεις, τὰς γοητείας, τὰς φαρμακείας, τὰ ἄλλα πάντα δεινὰ οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ πλούτου εὑρήσεις τικτόμενα; Ὁρᾷς ὅτι ἐν πενίᾳ μᾶλλον ἀκοπώτερόν ἐστιν, ἢ ἐν πλούτῳ τὴν ἀρετὴν μετιέναι; Μὴ γάρ μοι, ἐπειδὴ δίκην οὐ διδόασιν ἐνταῦθα οἱ πλούσιοι, νομίσῃς αὐτοὺς μηδὲ ἁμαρτάνειν: ὡς εἴ γε ἦν εὔκολον πλούσιον δίκην διδόναι, ἐκ τούτων ἂν εὗρες ἐμπεπλησμένα τὰ δεσμωτήρια: ἀλλὰ μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων καὶ τοῦτο ἔχει κακὸν ὁ πλοῦτος, ὅτι ἐν πονηρίᾳ ἀτιμωρητὶ πλημμελῶν ὁ τοῦτον κεκτημένος, οὐδέποτε στήσεται τοῦτο ποιῶν, ἀλλὰ λήψεται τραύματα ἄνευ φαρμάκων, καὶ χαλινὸν οὐδεὶς ἐπιθήσει αὐτῷ. Εἰ δὲ βούλοιτό τις, καὶ πρὸς ἡδονὴν εὑρήσει τὴν πενίαν πλείους παρέχουσαν ἡμῖν τὰς ἀφορμάς. Πῶς; Ὅτι φροντίδων ἀπήλλακται, μίσους, μάχης, φιλονεικίας, ἔριδος, μυρίων δεινῶν. Μὴ τοίνυν διώκωμεν τὸ πλουτεῖν, μηδὲ τούτους ζηλώσωμεν ἀεὶ τοὺς πολλὰ κεκτημένους: ἀλλ' οἱ μὲν ἔχοντες, εἰς δέον τῷ πλούτῳ χρώμεθα: οἱ δὲ μὴ ἔχοντες, μὴ ἀλγῶμεν διὰ τοῦτο, ἀλλ' εὐχαριστῶμεν ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων τῷ Θεῷ, ὅτι ἡμᾶς ἐν ὀλίγῳ πόνῳ τὸν αὐτὸν τοῖς πλουσίοις, ἢ καὶ μείζονα, ἂν θέλωμεν, παρασκευάζει μισθὸν λαβεῖν, καὶ ἐξ ὀλίγων μεγάλα κερδανοῦμεν. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ τὰ δύο τάλαντα προσενέγκας ἐθαυμάσθη καὶ ἐτιμήθη ὁμοίως τῷ τὰ πέντε προσενεγκόντι. Τί δήποτε; Ὅτι εἰ καὶ δύο ἐπιστεύθη τάλαντα, ἀλλὰ τὰ παρ' ἑαυτοῦ πάντα ἐπλήρωσε, καὶ τὰ ἐμπιστευθέντα διπλᾶ εἰσήνεγκε. Τί τοίνυν σπεύδομεν πιστευθῆναι πολλὰ, ὅταν ἐξῇ δι' ὀλίγων τὰ αὐτὰ καρπώσασθαι, ἢ καὶ πλείονα; ὅταν ὁ μὲν πόνος ἐλάττων ᾖ, ὁ δὲ μισθὸς πολλῷ πλείων; Εὐκολώτερον γὰρ πένης ἐκστήσεται τῶν αὑτοῦ, ἢ πλούσιος πολλὰ καὶ μεγάλα κεκτημένος. Ἢ οὐκ ἴστε, ὅτι ὅσῳ ἂν πλείονά τις περιβάληται, τοσούτῳ πλειόνων ἐρᾷ; Ἵν' οὖν μὴ τοῦτο πάθωμεν, μὴ ζητῶμεν τὸν πλοῦτον, μηδὲ δυσανασχέτως ἔχωμεν πρὸς τὴν πενίαν, μηδὲ σπεύδωμεν πλουτεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ ἔχοντες οὕτως αὐτῷ χρώμεθα, ὡς ὁ Παῦλος ἐκέλευσεν: Οἱ ἔχοντες, φησὶν, ὡς μὴ ἔχοντες, καὶ οἱ χρώμενοι τῷ κόσμῳ τούτῳ, ὡς μὴ καταχρώμενοι: ἵνα τύχωμεν τῶν ἐπηγγελμένων ἀγαθῶν: ὧν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ.