Chapter 15 [IX.]—He Sins in Will Who is Only Deterred from Sinning by Fear.

Nor let us be disturbed by what he wrote to the Philippians: “Touching the righteousness which is in the law, one who is without blame.” For he could be within in evil affections a transgressor of the law, and yet fulfil the open works of the law, either by the fear of men or of God Himself; but by terror of punishment, not by love and delight in righteousness. For it is one thing to do good with the will of doing good, and another thing to be so inclined by the will to do evil, that one would actually do it if it could be allowed without punishment. For thus assuredly he is sinning within in his will itself, who abstains from sin not by will but by fear. And knowing himself to have been such in these his internal affections, before the grace of God which is through Jesus Christ our Lord, the apostle elsewhere confesses this very plainly. For writing to the Ephesians, he says: “And you, though ye were dead in your trespasses and sins, wherein sometime ye walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, of that spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience, in whom also we all at one time had our conversation in the lusts of our flesh, doing the will of our flesh and our affections, and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others also: but God, who is rich in mercy, for His great love wherewith He loved us even when we were dead in sins, quickened us together with Christ, by whose grace we are saved.” Again to Titus he says: “For we ourselves also were sometime foolish and unbelieving, erring, serving various lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful, and holding one another in hatred.” Such was Saul when he says that he was, touching the righteousness which is in the law, without reproach. For that he had not pressed on in the law, and changed his character so as to be without reproach after this hateful life, he plainly shows in what follows, when he says that he was not changed from these evils except by the grace of the Saviour. For adding also this very thing, here as well as to the Ephesians, he says: “But when the kindness and love of God our Saviour shone forth, not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to His mercy He saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and of the renewal of the Holy Spirit, whom He shed on us most abundantly, through Jesus Christ our Saviour, that being justified by His grace we should be made heirs according to the hope of eternal life.”

CAPUT IX.

15. Voluntate peccat, qui solo timore non peccat. Nec moveat quod ad Philippenses scripsit, Secundum justitiam quae in lege est, qui fuerim sine querela (Philipp. III, 6). Potuit enim esse intus in affectionibus pravis praevaricator legis, et tamen conspicua opera legis implere, vel timore hominum, vel ipsius Dei; sed poenae formidine, non dilectione et delectatione justitiae. Aliud est enim voluntate benefaciendi benefacere, aliud autem ad malefaciendum sic voluntate inclinari, ut etiam faceret si hoc posset impune permitti. Nam sic profecto in ipsa intus voluntate peccat, qui non voluntate, sed timore non peccat. In quibus interioribus suis talem se fuisse sciens Apostolus ante gratiam Dei, quae per Jesum Christum Dominum nostrum est, alibi hoc apertissime confitetur. Scribens quippe ad Ephesios: Et vos, inquit, cum essetis mortui delictis et peccatis vestris, in quibus aliquando ambulastis secundum saeculum mundi hujus, secundum principem potestatis aeris, spiritus ejus, qui nunc operatur in filiis diffidentiae in quibus et nos omnes aliquando conversati sumus in desideriis carnis nostrae, facientes voluntatem carnis et affectionum, et eramus naturaliter filii irae, sicut et caeteri: Deus autem qui dives est in misericordia, propter multam dilectionem qua dilexit nos, et cum essemus mortui peccatis, convivificavit nos Christo, cujus gratia sumus salvi facti (Ephes. II, 1-5). Rursus ad Titum: Fuimus enim et nos, inquit, stulti aliquando et increduli, errantes, servientes desideriis et voluptatibus variis, in malitia et invidia agentes, abominabiles, invicem odio habentes. Talis Saulus fuit, quando secundum justitiam quae in lege est, sine querela fuisse se dicit. Nam quia non post hanc abominabilem vitam, ut esset sine querela, in lege profecerat, moresque mutaverat, evidenter in his quae sequuntur ostendit; quandoquidem mutatum se non dicit ab his malis, nisi per gratiam Salvatoris. Adjungens enim hoc ipsum etiam hic, sicut ad Ephesios , ait: Cum autem benignitas et humanitas illuxit Salvatoris nostri Dei, non ex operibus justitiae, quae nos fecimus; sed secundum suam misericordiam salvos nos fecit per lavacrum regenerationis et renovationis Spiritus sancti, quem ditissime effudit super nos, per Jesum Christum Salvatorem nostrum; ut justificati gratia ipsius, haeredes efficiamur secundum spem vitae aeternae (Tit. III, 3-7).