Homily XXI.

Ephesians vi. 1–3

“Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. Honor thy father and mother (which is the first commandment with promise), that it may be well with thee, and thou mayest live long on the earth.”

As a man in forming a body, places the head first, after that the neck, then the feet, so does the blessed Paul proceed in his discourse. He has spoken of the husband, he has spoken of the wife, who is second in authority, he now goes on by gradual advances to the third rank—which is that of children. For the husband has authority over the wife, and the husband and the wife over the children. Now then mark what he is saying.

“Children,275    [“The address to children in a letter to the Church presupposes that the Apostle regards them as belonging to the Church, present at public worship, understanding the word read to and applicable to them.”—Braune in Lange.—G.A.] obey your parents in the Lord; for this is the first commandment with promise.”

Here he has not a word of discourse concerning Christ, not a word on high subjects, for he is as yet addressing his discourse to tender understandings. And it is for this reason, moreover, that he makes his exhortation short, inasmuch as children cannot follow up a long argument. For this reason also he does not discourse at all about a kingdom, (because it does not belong to the tender age of childhood to understand these subjects,) but what a child’s soul most especially longs to hear, that he says, namely, that it shall “live long.” For if any one shall enquire why it is that he omitted to discourse concerning a kingdom, but set before them the commandment laid down in the law, he does this because he speaks to them as infantile, and because he is well aware that if the husband and the wife are thus disposed according to the law which he has laid down, there will be but little trouble in securing the submission of the children. For whenever any matter has a good and sound and orderly principle and foundation, everything will thenceforward go on with method and regularity, with much facility: the more difficult thing is to settle the foundation, to lay down a firm basis. “Children,” saith he, “obey your parents in the Lord,” that is, according to the Lord. This, he means to say, is what God276    [“ἐν κυρί& 251·. Not God, as Chrysostom, and not κατὰ κύριον, as Chrysostom, but denoting the sphere to which the action is to be limited.”—Ellicott.—G.A.] commands you. But what then if they shall command foolish things? Generally a father, however foolish he may be himself, does not command foolish things. However, even in that case, the Apostle has guarded the matter, by saying, “in the Lord”; that is, wherever you will not be offending against God. So that if the father be a gentile or a heretic, we ought no longer to obey, because the command is not then, “in the Lord.” But how is it that he says, “Which is the first commandment”? For the first is, “Thou shalt not commit adultery;—Thou shalt not kill.” He does not speak of it then as first in rank,277    τάξει. [“Paul says πρώτη, having before his mind not only the Decalogue, but also ‘the entire series of divine precepts,’ which begins with the Decalogue.”—Meyer.—G.A.] but in respect of the promise. For upon those others there is no reward annexed, as being enacted with reference to evil things, and to departure from evil things. Whereas in these others, where there is the practice of good, there is further a promise held out. And observe how admirable a foundation he has laid for the path of virtue, that is, honor and reverence towards parents. When he would lead us away from wicked practices, and is just about to enter upon virtuous ones, this is the first thing he enjoins, honor towards parents; inasmuch as they before all others are, after God, the authors of our being, so that it is reasonable they should be the first to reap the fruits of our right actions; and then all the rest of mankind. For if a man have not this honor for parents he will never be gentle toward those unconnected with him.

However, having given the necessary injunctions to children, he passes to the fathers, and says,

Ver. 4. “And ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath; but nurture them up in the chastening and admonition of the Lord.”

He does not say, “love them,” because to this nature draws them even against their own will, and it were superfluous to lay down a law on such subjects. But what does he say? “Provoke not your children to wrath,” as many do by disinheriting them, and disowning them, and treating them overbearingly, not as free, but as slaves. This is why he says, “Provoke not your children to wrath.” Then, which is the chief thing of all, he shows how they will be led to obedience, referring the whole source of it to the head and chief authority. And in the same way as he has shown the husband to be the cause of the wife’s obedience, (which is the reason also why he addresses the greater part of his arguments to him, advising him to attach her to himself by the power of love,) so, I say, here also, he refers the efficiency to him, by saying, “But bring them up in the chastening and admonition of the Lord.” Thou seest that where there are spiritual ties, the natural ties will follow. Do you wish your son to be obedient? From the very first “Bring him up in the chastening and admonition of the Lord.” Never deem it an unnecessary thing that he should be a diligent hearer of the divine Scriptures. For there the first thing he hears will be this, “Honor thy father and thy mother”; so that this makes for thee. Never say, this is the business of monks. Am I making a monk of him? No. There is no need he should become a monk.278    Fathers were very suspicious in St. Chrysostom’s day of the influence of Christianity tending to make their children monks. In consequence of this prejudice against the monastic life, he wrote his Adv. Oppugn. Mon. Vit. Why be so afraid of a thing so replete with so much advantage? Make him a Christian. For it is of all things necessary for laymen279    τοῖς κοσμικοῖς. to be acquainted with the lessons derived from this source; but especially for children. For theirs is an age full of folly; and to this folly are superadded the bad examples derived from the heathen tales, where they are made acquainted with those heroes so admired amongst them, slaves of their passions, and cowards with regard to death; as, for example, Achilles, when he relents, when he dies for his concubine, when another gets drunk, and many other things of the sort. He requires therefore the remedies against these things. How is it not absurd to send children out to trades, and to school, and to do all you can for these objects, and yet, not to “bring them up in the chastening and admonition of the Lord”? And for this reason truly we are the first to reap the fruits, because we bring up our children to be insolent and profligate, disobedient, and mere vulgar fellows. Let us not then do this; no, let us listen to this blessed Apostle’s admonition. “Let us bring them up in the chastening and admonition of the Lord.” Let us give them a pattern. Let us make them from the earliest age apply themselves to the reading of the Scriptures. Alas, that so constantly as I repeat this, I am looked upon as trifling! Still, I shall not cease to do my duty. Why, tell me, do ye not imitate them of old? Ye women, especially, emulate those admirable women. Has a child been born to any one? Imitate Hannah’s example (1 Sam. i. 24.); look at what she did. She brought him up at once to the temple. Who amongst you would not rather that his son should become a Samuel than that he should be king of the whole world ten thousand times over? “And how,” you will say, “is it possible he should become such a one?” Why is it not possible? It is because thou dost not choose it thyself, nor committest him to the care of those who are able to make him such a one. “And who,” it will be said, “is such a one as this?” God. Since she put him into the hands of God. For not even Eli himself was one of those in any great degree qualified to form him; (how could he be, he who was not able to form even his own children?) No, it was the faith of the mother and her earnest zeal that wrought the whole. He was her first child, and her only one, and she knew not whether she should ever have others besides. Yet she did not say, “I will wait till the child is grown up, that he may have a taste of the things of this life, I will allow him to have his pastime in them a little in his childish years.” No, all these thoughts the woman repudiated, she was absorbed in one object, how from the very beginning she might dedicate the spiritual image280    ἄγαλμα. to God. Well may we men be put to the blush at the wisdom of this woman. She offered him up to God, and there she left him. And therefore was her married state more glorious, in that she had made spiritual objects her first care, in that she dedicated the first-fruits to God. Therefore was her womb fruitful, and she obtained other children besides.281    [On the authority of three mss., Savile and other editors concurring, we have departed here from the text of Field, which reverses the order of this and the following sentence, and leaves the sense less clear. v. 1 Sam. ii. 21.—G.A.] And therefore she saw him honorable even in the world. For if men when they are honored, render honor in return, will not God much more, He who does this, even without being honored? How long are we to be mere lumps of flesh? How long are we to be stooping to the earth? Let everything be secondary with us to the provident care we should take of our children, and to our “bringing them up in the chastening and admonition of the Lord.” If from the very first he is taught to be a lover of true wisdom, then wealth greater than all wealth has he acquired and a more imposing name. You will effect nothing so great by teaching him an art, and giving him that outward learning by which he will gain riches, as if you teach him the art of despising riches. If you desire to make him rich, do this. For the rich man is not he who desires great riches, and is encircled with great riches; but the man who has need of nothing.282    [This reminds one of the saying of Socrates: To want nothing belongs to the gods, and to want as little as possible is to make the nearest approach to them.—G.A.] Discipline your son in this, teach him this. This is the greatest riches. Seek not how to give him reputation and high character in outward learning, but consider deeply how you shall teach him to despise the glory that belongs to this present life. By this means would he become more distinguished and more truly glorious. This it is possible for the poor man and the rich man alike to accomplish. These are lessons which a man does not learn from a master, nor by art, but by means of the divine oracles. Seek not how he shall enjoy a long life here, but how he shall enjoy a boundless and endless life hereafter. Give him the great things, not the little things. Hear what Paul saith, “Bring them up in the chastening and admonition of the Lord”; study not to make him an orator, but train him up to be a philosopher. In the want of the one there will be no harm whatever; in the absence of the other, all the rhetoric in the world will be of no advantage. Tempers are wanted, not talking; character, not cleverness; deeds, not words. These gain a man the kingdom. These confer what are benefits indeed. Whet not his tongue, but cleanse his soul. I do not say this to prevent your teaching him these things, but to prevent your attending to them exclusively. Do not imagine that the monk alone stands in need of these lessons from Scripture. Of all others, the children just about to enter into the world specially need them. For just in the same way as the man who is always at anchor in harbor, is not the man who requires his ship to be fitted out and who needs a pilot and a crew, but he who is always out at sea; so is it with the man of the world and the monk. The one is entered as it were into a waveless harbor, and lives an untroubled life, and far removed from every storm; whilst the other is ever on the ocean, and lives out at sea in the very midst of the ocean, battling with billows without number.

And though he may not need it himself, still he ought to be so prepared as to stop the mouths of others.283    [The following part of the paragraph explains this sentence.—G.A.] Thus the more distinguished he is in the present life, so much the more he stands in need of this education. If he passes his life in courts, there are many Heathens, and philosophers, and persons puffed up with the glory of this life. It is like a place full of dropsical people. Such in some sort is the court. All are, as it were, puffed up, and in a state of inflammation. And they who are not so are studying to become so. Now then reflect how vast a benefit it is, that your son on entering there, should enter like an excellent physician, furnished with instruments which may allay every one’s peculiar inflammation, and should go up to every one, and converse with him, and restore the diseased body to health, applying the remedies derived from the Scriptures, and pouring forth discourses of the true philosophy. For with whom is the recluse to converse? with his wall and his ceiling? yea, or again with the wilderness and the woods? or with the birds and the trees? He therefore has not so great need of this sort of discipline. Still, however, he makes it his business to perfect this work, not so much with a view of disciplining others as himself. There is then every need of much discipline of this sort to those that are to mix in the present world, because such an one has a stronger temptation to sin than the other. And if you have a mind to understand it, he will further be a more useful person even in the world itself. For all will have a reverence for him from these words, when they see him in the fire without being burnt, and not desirous of power. But power he will then obtain, when he least desires it, and will be a still higher object of respect to the king; for it is not possible that such a character should be hid. Amongst a number of healthy persons, indeed, a healthy man will not be noticed; but when there is one healthy man amongst a number of sick, the report will quickly spread and reach the king’s ears, and he will make him ruler over many nations. Knowing then these things, “bring up your children in the chastening and admonition of the Lord.”

“But suppose a man is poor.” Still he will be in no wise more insignificant than the man who lives in kings’ courts, because he is not in kings’ courts; no, he will be held in admiration, and will soon gain that authority which is yielded voluntarily, and not by any compulsion. For if a set of Greeks, men worthless as they are, and dogs,284    τριωβολιμαῖοί τινες καὶ κύνες. by taking up that worthless philosophy of theirs, (for such the Grecian philosophy is,) or rather not itself but only its mere name, and wearing the threadbare cloak, and letting their hair grow, impress many; how much more will he who is a true philosopher? If a false appearance, if a mere shadow of philosophy at first sight so catches us, what if we should love the true and pure philosophy? Will not all court it, and entrust both houses, and wives, and children, with full confidence to such men? But there is not, no, there is not such a philosopher existing now. And therefore, it is not possible to find an example of the sort. Amongst recluses, indeed, there are such, but amongst people in the world no longer. And that amongst recluses there are such, it would be possible to adduce a number of instances. However, I will mention one out of many. Ye know, doubtless, and have heard of, and some, perhaps, have also seen, the man whom I am now about to mention. I mean, the admirable Julian. This man was a rustic, in humble life, and of humble parentage, and totally uninstructed in all outward accomplishments, but full of unadorned wisdom.285    St. Julian was a native of Cilicia, perhaps of Tarsus, and was martyred at Ægæ in the Dioclesian persecution. One of St. Chrysostom’s orations is in his praise. When he came into the cities, (and this was but rarely,) never did such a concourse take place, not when orators, or sophists, or any one else rode in. But what am I saying? Is not his very name more glorious than that of any king’s, and celebrated even to this day? And if these things were in this world, in the world in which the Lord promised us no one good thing, in which He hath told us we are strangers, let us consider how great will be the blessings laid up for us in the heavens. If, where they were sojourners they enjoyed so great honor, how great glory shall they enjoy where their own city is! If, where He promised tribulation, they meet with such attentive care, then where He promises true honors, how great shall be their rest!

And now would ye have me exhibit examples of secular men? At present, indeed, we have none; still there are perhaps even secular men who are excellent, though not arrived at the highest philosophy. I shall therefore quote you examples from the saints of the ancient times. How many, who had wives to keep and children to bring up, were inferior in no respect, no, in no respect to those who have been mentioned? Now, however, it is no longer so, “by reason of the present distress” (1 Cor. vii. 26.), as this blessed Apostle saith. Now then whom would ye have me mention? Noah, or Abraham? The son of the one or of the other? Or again, Joseph? Or would ye have me go to the Prophets? Moses I mean, or Isaiah? However, if you will, let us carry our discourse to Abraham, whom all are continually bringing forward to us above all others. Had he not a wife? Had he not children? Yes, for I too use the same language to you, as you do to me. He had a wife, but it was not because he had a wife that he was so remarkable. He had riches, but it was not because he had riches that he pleased God. He begat children, but it was not because he begat children that he was pronounced blessed. He had three hundred and eighteen servants born in his house, but it was not on this account that he was accounted wonderful. But would you know why it was? It was for his hospitality, for his contempt of riches, for his chastened conduct. For what, tell me, is the duty of a philosopher? Is it not to despise both riches and glory? Is it not to be above both envy and every other passion? Come now then, let us bring him forward and strip him, and show you what a philosopher he was. First of all, he esteemed his fatherland as nothing. God said, “Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred” (Gen. xii. 1.), and immediately he went forth. He was not bound to his house, (or surely he would never have gone forth,) nor to his love of familiar friends, nor to anything else whatever. But what? glory and money he despised above all others. For when he had put an end to war by turning the enemy to flight, and was requested to take the spoil, he rejected it. (Gen. xiv. 21–23.)

Again, the son of this great man was reverenced, not because of his riches, but for his hospitality: not because of his children, but for his obedience: not because of his wife, but for the barrenness inflicted on his wife. (Gen. xxv. 21.)

They looked upon the present life as nothing, they followed not after gain, they despised all things. Tell me, which sort of plants are the best? Are not those which have their strength from themselves and are injured neither by rains, nor by hailstorms, nor by gusts of wind, nor by any other vicissitude of the sort, but stand naked in defiance of them all, and needing neither wall nor fence to protect them? Such is the true philosopher, such is that wealth of which we spoke. He has nothing, and has all things: he has all things, and has nothing. For a fence is not within, but only without; a wall is not a thing of nature, but only built round from without. And what again, I ask, what sort of body is a strong one? Is it not that which is in health, and which is overcome neither by hunger nor repletion, nor by cold, nor by heat; or is it that which in view of all these things, needs both caterers, and weavers, and hunters, and physicians, to give it health? He is the rich man, the true philosopher, who needeth none of these things. For this cause it was that this blessed Apostle said, “Bring them up in the chastening and admonition of the Lord.” Surround them not with outward defenses. For such is wealth, such is glory; for when these fall, and they do fall, the plant stands naked and defenseless, not only having derived no profit from them during the time past, but even injury. For those very shelters that prevented its being inured to the attacks of the winds, will now have prepared it for perishing all at once. And so wealth is injurious rather, because it renders us undisciplined for the vicissitudes of life. Let us therefore train up our children to be such, that they shall be able to bear up against every trial, and not be surprised at what may come upon them; “let us bring them up in the chastening and admonition of the Lord.” And great will be the reward which will be thus laid up in store for us. For if men for making statues and painting portraits of kings enjoy so great honor, shall not we who adorn the image of the King of kings, (for man is the image of God,) receive ten thousand blessings, if we effect a true likeness? For the likeness is in this, in the virtue of the soul, when we train our children to be good, to be meek, to be forgiving, (because all these are attributes of God,) to be beneficent, to be humane; when we train them to regard the present world as nothing. Let this then be our task, to mold and to direct both ourselves and them according to what is right. Otherwise with what sort of boldness shall we stand before the judgment-seat of Christ? If a man who has unruly children is unworthy to be a Bishop (Tit. i. 6.), much more is he unworthy of the kingdom of Heaven. What sayest thou? If we have an unruly wife, or unruly children, shall we have to render account? Yes, we shall, if we do not with exactness bring in that which is due from ourselves; for our own individual virtue is not enough in order to salvation. If the man who laid aside the one talent gained nothing, but was punished even in such a manner, it is plain that one’s own individual virtue is not enough in order to salvation, but there is need of that of another also. Let us therefore entertain great solicitude for our wives, and take great care of our children, and of our servants, and of ourselves. And in our government both of ourselves and of them, let us beseech God that He aid us in the work. If He shall see us interested in this work, and solicitous about it, He will aid us; but if He shall see us paying no regard to it, He will not give us His hand. For He does not vouchsafe us His assistance when we sleep, but when we labor also ourselves. For a helper, (as the name implies,) is not a helper of one that is inactive, but of one who works also himself. But the good God is able of Himself to bring the work to perfection, that we may be all counted worthy to attain to the blessings promised us, through the grace and compassions of His only begotten Son, with Whom together with the Holy Ghost be unto the Father, glory, might, and honor, now and ever, and throughout all ages. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΚΑʹ. Τὰ τέκνα, ὑπακούετε τοῖς γονεῦσιν ὑμῶν ἐν Κυ ρίῳ: τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι δίκαιον. Τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα, ἥτις ἐστὶν ἐντολὴ πρώτη ἐν ἐπαγγελίᾳ, ἵνα εὖ σοι γένηται, καὶ ἔσῃ μακροχρόνιος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. αʹ. Καθάπερ τις σῶμα πλάττων, πρῶτον μὲν τὴν κεφαλὴν, ἔπειτα τὸν αὐχένα, εἶτα τοὺς πόδας τίθησιν, οὕτω καὶ ὁ μακάριος Παῦλος τῷ λόγῳ πρόεισιν. Εἶπε περὶ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς, εἶπε περὶ τῆς γυναικὸς, τῆς δευτέρας ἀρχῆς: χωρεῖ λοιπὸν ὁδῷ βαδίζων ἐπὶ τὴν τρίτην: αὕτη δέ ἐστιν ἡ τῶν παίδων. Τῆς μὲν γὰρ γυναικὸς ἄρχει ὁ ἀνὴρ, τῶν δὲ παίδων ὁ ἀνὴρ καὶ ἡ γυνή. Ὅρα οὖν τί φησι: Τὰ τέκνα, ὑπακούετε τοῖς γονεῦσιν ὑμῶν ἐν Κυρίῳ: αὕτη γάρ ἐστιν ἐντολὴ πρώτη ἐν ἐπαγγελίαις. Οὐδὲ ἐνταῦθα περὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ διαλέγεται, οὐδὲ περὶ τῶν ὑψηλῶν: ἔτι γὰρ πρὸς ἁπαλὰς διαλέγεται διανοίας: διὸ καὶ βραχεῖαν ποιεῖται τὴν παραίνεσιν, ἅτε οὐ δυναμένων τῶν παίδων μακρῷ παρακολουθῆσαι λόγῳ. Διὰ τοῦτο οὐδὲ περὶ βασιλείας τι διαλέγεται: οὐ γάρ ἐστι τῆς ἡλικίας ἐκείνης ταῦτα ἀκούειν: ἀλλ' ἃ μάλιστα ψυχὴ νηπιώδης ἀκοῦσαι ποθεῖ, ταῦτά φησιν, ὅτι μακροχρόνιος ἔσται. Εἰ γάρ τις ἐξετάζοι, διὰ τί μὴ περὶ βασιλείας διελέχθη, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἐν τῷ νόμῳ κειμένην ἐντολὴν αὐτοῖς ἔθηκεν, ἐροῦμεν, ὅτι ὡς νηπιωδεστέροις οὖσι, καὶ μάλα εἰδὼς ὅτι, τοῦ ἀνδρὸς καὶ τῆς γυναικὸς οὕτω διακειμένων κατὰ τὸν νόμον ὃν ἔθηκεν, οὐ πολλοῦ καμάτου ἐστὶ τὰ παιδία ὑποτάξαι. Ὅταν γὰρ πρᾶγμα τὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν λάβῃ καλὴν καὶ ἰσχυρὰν καὶ κοσμίαν, ὁδῷ πάντα καὶ νόμῳ προβαίνει λοιπὸν μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς εὐκολίας. Τὸ γὰρ χαλεπώτερον, τὸ θεμέλιον θέσθαι, καὶ τὴν κρηπῖδα ὑποβαλεῖν. Τὰ τέκνα, ὑπακούετε, φησὶ, τοῖς γονεῦσιν ὑμῶν ἐν Κυρίῳ: τουτέστι, κατὰ Κύριον. Ὁ Θεὸς, φησὶν, οὕτω προσέταξε. Τί οὖν, ἂν ἄτοπα προστάττωσι; Μάλιστα μὲν οὐδέποτε ἐπιτάττει πατὴρ ἄτοπα, κἂν αὐτὸς ἄτοπος ᾖ: πλὴν ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ οὕτως ἠσφαλίσατο, εἰπών: Ἐν Κυρίῳ: τουτέστιν, ἐν οἷς ἂν μὴ προσκρούσῃς Θεῷ: ὡς ἐὰν Ἕλλην ᾖ, ἢ αἱρετικὸς, οὐκέτι πείθεσθαι δεῖ: οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἐν Κυρίῳ τὸ πρᾶγμα. Πῶς δέ φησιν, Ἥτις ἐστὶν ἐντολὴ πρώτη; πρώτη γάρ ἐστι τὸ, Οὐ μοιχεύσεις, τὸ, Οὐ φονεύσεις. Οὐ τῇ τάξει εἶπεν αὐτὴν πρώτην, ἀλλὰ τῇ ἐπαγγελίᾳ. Ἐκείναις μὲν οὖν οὐ κεῖται μισθὸς, ἅτε περὶ κακῶν διατεταγμέναις καὶ τῆς τῶν κακῶν ἀναχωρήσεως: ἐν δὲ ταύταις, ἅτε ἀγαθῶν ἐργασίας οὔσης, καὶ ἐπαγγελία κεῖται. Καὶ ὅρα πῶς θαυμαστὴν κρηπῖδα ἔθηκε τῇ τῆς ἀρετῆς ὁδῷ τὴν εἰς τοὺς γονέας τιμὴν καὶ αἰδώ: καὶ εἰκότως: Ἀπαγαγὼν τῶν πονηρῶν πράξεων, καὶ μέλλων εἰς τὰ ἀγαθὰ ἐμβαίνειν, τοῦτο πρῶτον ἐπέταξε, τὴν εἰς τοὺς γονέας λέγω τιμὴν, ἐπειδὴ καὶ πρὸ πάντων τοῦ ζῇν μετὰ τὸν Θεὸν αὐτοὶ γεγόνασιν αἴτιοι. Ὥστε εἰκότως ἂν πρῶτοι τῶν ἡμετέρων ἀπολαύσειαν καλῶν, καὶ τότε οἱ ἄλλοι ἅπαντες ἄνθρωποι. Ἂν γὰρ μὴ τοῦτό τις ἔχῃ, οὐδέποτε περὶ τοὺς ἔξωθεν ἔσται ἐπιεικής. Παραινέσας τοίνυν ἅπερ ἐχρῆν τοῖς παισὶ, μεταβαίνει ἐπὶ τοὺς πατέρας, καί φησι: Καὶ οἱ πατέρες, μὴ παροργίζετε τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν, ἀλλὰ ἐκτρέφετε αὐτὰ ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου. Οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἀγαπᾶτε αὐτά: τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ ἀκόντων αὐτῶν ἡ φύσις ἐπισπᾶται, καὶ περιττὸν ἦν περὶ τῶν τοιούτων νόμον τιθέναι: ἀλλὰ τί φησι; Μὴ παροργίζετε τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν, οἷον οἱ πολλοὶ ποιοῦσιν, ἀποκληρονόμους ἐργαζόμενοι, καὶ ἀποκηρύκτους ποιοῦντες, καὶ φορτικῶς ἐπικείμενοι, οὐχ ὡς ἐλευθέροις, ἀλλ' ὡς ἀνδραπόδοις. Διὰ τοῦτό φησι: Μὴ παροργίζετε τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν. Εἶτα τὸ κεφάλαιον πάντων, πῶς ἂν ὑπακούσαιεν δείκνυσιν, εἰς τὴν κεφαλὴν καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν τὴν αἰτίαν ἅπασαν ἀγαγών. Καὶ καθάπερ ἔδειξε τοῦ τὴν γυναῖκα ὑπακούειν αἴτιον τὸν ἄνδρα γινόμενον (διὸ καὶ τὰ πλείονα αὐτῷ διαλέγεται, τῇ τῆς ἀγάπης τυραννίδι παρακαλῶν αὐτὴν ἐπισπᾶσθαι), οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα πάλιν εἰς αὐτὸν τὴν αἰτίαν ἀνάγει, λέγων: Ἀλλὰ ἐκτρέφετε αὐτὰ ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι τῶν πνευματικῶν ὄντων καὶ τὰ σαρκικὰ ἕψεται; Βούλει εἶναι τὸν υἱὸν πειθήνιον; ἐξ ἀρχῆς αὐτὸν ἔκτρεφε ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου: μὴ νομίσῃς εἶναι περιττὸν τὸ τῶν θείων Γραφῶν αὐτὸν ἐπακούειν: ἐκεῖ γὰρ τοῦτο πρῶτον ἀκούσεται: Τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα σου. Ὥστε ὑπὲρ σοῦ τοῦτο γίνεται. Μὴ εἴπῃς: Τοῦτο μοναζόντων ἐστί: μὴ γὰρ μονάζοντα αὐτὸν ποιῶ; Οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνάγκη γενέσθαι αὐτὸν μονάζοντα. Τί δέδοικας δέος πολλοῦ κέρδους ἀνάμεστον; Χριστιανὸν αὐτὸν ποίησον. Μάλιστα γὰρ τοῖς κοσμικοῖς ἀναγκαῖον τὰ ἐντεῦθεν εἰδέναι διδάγματα, μάλιστα τοῖς παισί. Πολλὴ γὰρ ἡ ἄνοια ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡλικίᾳ: τῇ δὲ ἀνοίᾳ προσθήκη γίνεται καὶ τὰ παρὰ τῶν ἔξωθεν λόγων, ὅταν μάθωσιν ἐκεῖ τοὺς παρ' αὐτοῖς θαυμαζομένους ἥρωας, παθῶν δούλους ὄντας καὶ δειλοὺς πρὸς θάνατον: οἷον ὁ Ἀχιλλεὺς ὅταν μετανοῇ, ὅταν ὑπὲρ παλλακίδος ἀποθνήσκῃ, ὅταν ἕτερος μεθύῃ, καὶ ἕτερα πολλὰ τοιαῦτα. Δεῖ τοίνυν αὐτῷ τῶν φαρμάκων τούτων. βʹ. Πῶς γὰρ οὐκ ἄτοπον εἰς τέχνας μὲν ἐκπέμπειν καὶ εἰς διδασκαλεῖον, καὶ πάντα πράττειν ὑπὲρ τούτου, ἐν δὲ παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου μὴ ἐκτρέφειν τὰ παιδία; Διά τοι τοῦτο πρῶτοι τῶν καρπῶν ἡμεῖς ἀπολαύομεν, θρασεῖς, ἀκολάστους, ἀπειθεῖς, βαναύσους ἐκτρέφοντες τοὺς παῖδας. Μὴ τοίνυν τοῦτο ποιῶμεν, ἀλλὰ πειθώμεθα τῷ μακαρίῳ τούτῳ παραινοῦντι: ἐκτρέφωμεν αὐτὰ ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου: δῶμεν αὐτοῖς ὑπόδειγμα, ἐκ πρώτης ἡλικίας τῇ τῶν Γραφῶν ἀναγνώσει ποιοῦντες αὐτοὺς ἐνσχολάζειν. Οἴμοι! ὅτι συνεχῶς ταῦτα λέγων, ληρεῖν νομίζομαι: πλὴν ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐ παύσομαι τὸ ἐμαυτοῦ ποιῶν, Τίνος ἕνεκεν, εἰπέ μοι, οὐ μιμεῖσθε τοὺς παλαιούς; Μάλιστα ὑμεῖς αἱ γυναῖκες, τὰς θαυμαστὰς ἐκείνας γυναῖκας ζηλώσατε. Ἐτέχθη τὸ παιδίον; Μίμησαι τὴν Ἄνναν: κατάμαθε τί πεποίηκεν ἐκείνη: ἀνήγαγεν αὐτὸν εὐθέως εἰς τὸν ναόν. Τίς ὑμῶν οὐκ ἂν ἐθελήσειε Σαμουὴλ τὸν υἱὸν τὸν ἑαυτοῦ ἅπαξ γενέσθαι, ἢ μυριάκις βασιλέα τῆς οἰκουμένης ἁπάσης; Καὶ πῶς δυνατὸν, φησὶ, γενέσθαι τοιοῦτον; Διὰ τί μὴ δυνατόν; Ὅτι οὐ θέλεις, οὐδὲ παραδίδως τοῖς δυναμένοις αὐτὸν ποιῆσαι τοιοῦτον. Καὶ τίς τοιοῦτός ἐστι, φησίν; Ὁ Θεός: ἐπεὶ κἀκείνη αὐτῷ αὐτὸν ἐνεχείρισεν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ Ἠλεὶ τῶν σφόδρα δυναμένων αὐτὸν πλάσαι ἦν: πῶς γὰρ, ὁ μηδὲ τοὺς υἱοὺς δυνηθεὶς τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ; ἀλλ' ἡ πίστις τῆς γυναικὸς καὶ ἡ προθυμία τὸ αὐτὸ εἰργάσατο. Πρῶτον ἔτεκε, καὶ μόνον, καὶ οὐδὲ ᾔδει εἰ καὶ ἑτέρους τέξεται. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν: Ἀναμείνω αὐξηθῆναι τὸ παιδίον, ἵνα πράγμασι χρήσηται βιωτικοῖς: συγχωρήσω αὐτὸν μικρὸν ἐνδιατρίψαι τῇ παιδικῇ ἡλικίᾳ: ἀλλὰ πάντα ταῦτα ἡ γυνὴ παρωσαμένη, ἑνὸς μόνου γέγονε, πῶς ἐκ προοιμίων τὸ ἄγαλμα τὸ πνευματικὸν ἀναθῇ τῷ Θεῷ. Αἰσχυνθῶμεν, οἱ ἄνδρες, τῆς γυναικὸς τὴν φιλοσοφίαν: ἀνήνεγκεν αὐτὸν τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ ἐκεῖ εἴασε. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ γάμος ἐγένετο λαμπρότερος, ἐπειδὴ πρότερον τὰ πνευματικὰ ἐζήτησεν, ἐπειδὴ τὴν ἀπαρχὴν ἀνέθηκε: διὰ τοῦτο εὔφορος αὐτῆς γέγονεν ἡ γαστὴρ, καὶ ἑτέρους ἐκτήσατο παῖδας: διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ εἶδεν εὐδοκιμοῦντα. Εἰ γὰρ ἄνθρωποι τιμώμενοι ἀντιτιμῶσιν, οὐ πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὁ Θεὸς, ὁ καὶ χωρὶς τοῦ τιμηθῆναι τοῦτο ποιῶν; Μέχρι τίνος ἐσμὲν σάρκες; μέχρι τίνος ἐπὶ γῆς κύπτομεν; Πάντα ἡμῖν δεύτερα ἔστω τῆς προνοίας τῶν παίδων, καὶ τοῦ ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου αὐτὰ ἐκτρέφεσθαι. Ἂν μάθῃ φιλόσοφος εἶναι ἐκ προοιμίων, πλοῦτον ἐκτήσατο παντὸς πλούτου μείζονα, καὶ δόξαν δυνατωτέραν. Οὐδὲν τοσοῦτον ἐργάσῃ τέχνην διδάσκων αὐτὸν καὶ παιδείαν τὴν ἔξωθεν, δι' ἧς χρήματα κτήσεται, ὅσον ἐὰν διδάξῃς αὐτὸν τέχνην, δι' ἧς χρημάτων καταφρονήσει. Εἰ βούλει ποιῆσαι αὐτὸν πλούσιον, οὕτω ποίησον. Πλούσιος γὰρ οὐχ ὁ πολλῶν χρημάτων δεόμενος, καὶ πολλὰ περιβεβλημένος, ἀλλ' ὁ μηδενὸς χρείαν ἔχων. Τοῦτο παίδευσον τὸν υἱὸν, τοῦτο δίδαξον: οὗτος μέγιστος πλοῦτος. Μὴ ζήτει πῶς εὐδόκιμον ἐργάσῃ ἐν διδάγμασι τοῖς ἔξωθεν, καὶ ἐπίδοξον ποιήσεις, ἀλλὰ φρόντισον πῶς αὐτὸν διδάξεις καταφρονεῖν τῆς δόξης τῆς ἐν τῷ βίῳ τούτῳ: ἐκεῖθεν λαμπρότερος καὶ ἐνδοξότερος γένοιτο ἄν. Ταῦτα καὶ τῷ πένητι καὶ τῷ πλουσίῳ δυνατὸν ποιεῖν: ταῦτα οὐκ ἐκ: διδασκάλου μανθάνει τις, οὐδὲ διὰ τέχνης, ἀλλὰ διὰ τῶν θείων λογίων. Μὴ ζήτει ὅπως μακρὸν ὧδε ζήσεται βίον, ἀλλ' ὅπως ἐκεῖ ἄπειρον καὶ ἀτελεύτητον. Τὰ μεγάλα αὐτῷ χαρίζου, μὴ τὰ μικρά. Ἄκουε Παύλου λέγοντος: Ἐκτρέφετε αὐτὰ ἐν παιδεία καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου. Μὴ ῥήτορα αὐτὸν σπούδαζε ποιῆσαι, ἀλλὰ φιλοσοφεῖν παίδευε. Ἐκείνου μὲν γὰρ οὐκ ὄντος, οὐδὲν ἔσται βλάβος: τούτου δὲ ἀπόντος, οὐδὲν ἔσται κέρδος μυρίας ῥητορείας. Τρόπων χρεία, οὐ λόγων, ἤθους, οὐ δεινότητος, ἔργων, οὐ ῥημάτων. Ταῦτα προξενεῖ τὴν βασιλείαν, ταῦτα χαρίζεται καὶ τὰ ὄντως ἀγαθά. Μὴ τὴν γλῶτταν ἀκονήσῃς, ἀλλὰ τὴν ψυχὴν ἐκκάθαιρε. Οὐ κωλύων παιδεύειν ταῦτα λέγω, ἀλλὰ κωλύων ἐκείνοις μόνοις προσέχειν. Μὴ νομίσῃς ὅτι τῷ μονάζοντι μόνῳ τούτων δεῖ τῶν παιδευμάτων τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν Γραφῶν: μάλιστα γὰρ τούτων δεῖ τοῖς παισὶ τοῖς μέλλουσιν εἰς τὸν βίον τοῦτον ἥκειν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ πλοίου κατασκευῆς καὶ κυβερνήτου καὶ πληρώματος τῶν ναυτῶν οὐχ οὗτος δεῖται ὁ διαπαντὸς ἐπὶ λιμένος ἑστὼς, ἀλλ' ὁ θαλαττεύων ἀεί: οὕτω καὶ ὁ κοσμικὸς, καὶ ὁ μονάζων. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ, καθάπερ εἰς λιμένα ἐστὶν ἀκύμαντον, βίον ἀπράγμονα ζῶν, καὶ πάσης ἀπηλλαγμένον καταιγίδος: οὗτος δὲ διαπαντὸς πελάγιός ἐστι, καὶ θαλαττεύει ἐν μέσῳ πελάγει πολλαῖς τρικυμίαις μαχόμενος: κἂν αὐτὸς μὴ δέηται, ἀλλὰ παρεσκευασμένον εἶναι δεῖ, ὥστε τὰς ἑτέρων ἐμφράξαι γλώττας. γʹ. Ὥστε ὅσῳ ἂν εὐδόκιμος γένηται ἐν τῷ βίῳ τῷ παρόντι, τοσούτῳ αὐτῷ δεῖ τῆς παιδεύσεως ταύτης. Ἄν τε γὰρ ἐν βασιλείοις τρέφηται, πολλοὶ καὶ Ἕλληνες ἐκεῖ καὶ φιλόσοφοι καὶ οἱ πεφυσημένοι ἐπὶ τῇ παρούσῃ δόξῃ, καθάπερ τόπος τις ὑδερικῶν ἐμπεπλησμένος. Τοιοῦτόν τί ἐστι τὰ βασίλεια: πάντες εἰσὶ πεφυσημένοι καὶ φλεγμαίνοντες: οἱ δὲ οὐκ ὄντες σπουδάζουσι τοῦτο γενέσθαι. Ἐννόησον οὖν ὅσον ἐστὶ τὸν υἱὸν τὸν σὸν εἰσελθόντα ἐκεῖ, καθάπερ ἰατρὸν ἄριστον, μετὰ τῶν ὀργάνων εἰσιέναι τῶν δυναμένων καταστέλλειν τὴν ἑκάστου φλεγμονὴν, καὶ προσιέναι ἑκάστῳ καὶ διαλέγεσθαι, καὶ ὑγιὲς τὸ κάμνον σῶμα ποιεῖν, φάρμακα ἐπιτιθέντα τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν Γραφῶν, καὶ τοὺς περὶ φιλοσοφίας ἐκχέοντα λόγους. Ὁ γὰρ μονάζων τίνι διαλέξεται; τῷ τοίχῳ καὶ τῷ ὀρόφῳ; ἀλλὰ τῇ ἐρημίᾳ καὶ ταῖς νάπαις; ἢ τοῖς ὄρνισι καὶ τοῖς δένδροις; Οὐκ ἔχει τοίνυν πολλὴν ἀνάγκην ἐκεῖνος τῆς τοιαύτης διδασκαλίας: ἀλλ' ὅμως ἔργον τίθεται τοῦτο κατορθῶσαι, οὐχ ὥστε ἑτέρους τοσοῦτον παιδεῦσαι, ἀλλ' ὥστε ἑαυτόν. Πολλὴ οὖν χρεία μάλιστα τοῖς ἐν τῷ βίῳ τούτῳ στρεφομένοις τῆς τοιαύτης διδασκαλίας: καὶ γὰρ τοῦ ἁμαρτάνειν πλείονα οὗτος ἀνάγκην ἔχει, ἢ ἐκεῖνος. Εἰ δὲ βούλει γνῶναι, καὶ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ αὐτῷ ἐπιτηδειότερος ἔσται. Πάντες γὰρ αὐτὸν αἰδεσθήσονται ἀπὸ τῶν ῥημάτων ἐκείνων, ὅταν ὁρῶσιν αὐτὸν ἐν πυρὶ μὴ καιόμενον, μηδὲ ἀρχῆς ἐπιθυμοῦντα: τότε καὶ τεύξεται ταύτης, ὅταν μὴ ἐπιθυμῇ, καὶ βασιλεῖ αἰδεσιμώτερος ἔσται. Οὐ γὰρ ἔνι τὸν τοιοῦτον λαθεῖν. Ἐν μὲν γὰρ πολλοῖς ὑγιαίνουσι λήσεται ὁ ὑγιαίνων: ἐν δὲ πολλοῖς κάμνουσιν ὅταν εἷς ὑγιαίνων ᾖ, ταχέως καὶ εἰς τὰς βασιλικὰς ἀκοὰς ἡ φήμη διαδραμεῖται, καὶ πολλοῖς αὐτὸν ἐπιστήσει ἔθνεσι. Ταῦτα οὖν εἰδότες, ἐκτρέφετε ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου τὰ τέκνα. Ἀλλὰ πένης τίς ἐστι; Πάλιν πένης: ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἐν βασιλείοις στρεφομένου οὐδὲν ἔσται εὐτελέστερος, ἐπειδὴ μὴ ἐν βασιλείοις ἐστὶν, ἀλλὰ θαυμασθήσεται, καὶ ταχέως εἰς ἀρχὴν ἥξει τὴν ἑκούσιον, οὐ τὴν χειροτονητήν. Εἰ γὰρ Ἕλληνες ἄνδρες τριωβολιμαῖοί τινες καὶ κύνες, φιλοσοφίαν τοιαύτην ἀναδεξάμενοι τριωβολιμαῖον (τοιαύτη γὰρ ἡ Ἑλληνικὴ), μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ αὐτὴν, ἀλλ' ὄνομα αὐτῆς, καὶ τρίβωνα περιθέμενοι, καὶ κόμην θρέψαντες, πολλοὺς δυσωποῦσι: πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὁ ὄντως φιλόσοφος; Εἰ σχῆμα ψευδὲς, εἰ σκιὰ φιλοσοφίας φαινομένη οὕτως αἱρεῖ, τί ἐὰν τὴν ἀληθῆ φιλοσοφίαν ἀγαπήσωμεν καὶ τὴν εἰλικρινῆ; οὐχὶ πάντες θεραπεύσουσι; καὶ οἰκίας καὶ γυναῖκας καὶ παῖδας τοῖς τοιούτοις μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς ἀδείας ἐγχειρίσουσιν; Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστιν, οὐκ ἔστι τοιοῦτος φιλόσοφος νῦν. Διὰ τοῦτο οὐδὲ τὸ ὑπόδειγμα ἔστιν εὑρεῖν. Εἰσὶ μὲν γὰρ ἐν μονάζουσιν, ἐν δὲ κοσμικοῖς οὐκέτι. Καὶ ὅτι ἐν μονάζουσίν εἰσι, δυνατὸν πολλοὺς παραγαγεῖν: ὅμως ἕνα ἀπὸ πλειόνων ἐρῶ. Ἴστε δήπου, καὶ ἀκηκόατε, οἱ δὲ καὶ ἐθεωρήσατε τὸν ἄνδρα, ὃν μέλλω νῦν ἐρεῖν: Ἰουλιανὸν λέγω τὸν θαυμάσιον. Οὗτος ἦν ἀνὴρ ἄγροικος, ταπεινὸς καὶ ἐκ ταπεινῶν: οὐδὲ ὅλως τῆς ἔξωθεν παιδείας ἔμπειρος, ἀλλὰ τῆς ἀπλάστου φιλοσοφίας πεπληρωμένος. Τούτου εἰς τὰς πόλεις ἐμβάλλοντος (σπανιάκις δὲ τοῦτο ἐγίνετο), οὔτε ῥητόρων, οὔτε σοφιστῶν, οὔτε ἄλλου τινὸς εἰσελαύνοντος, τοιαύτη τις ἐγίνετο συστροφή. Τί δὲ λέγω; οὐχὶ πάντων βασιλέων καὶ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ λαμπρότερον ᾄδεται ἔτι καὶ νῦν; Εἰ δὲ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ τούτῳ ταῦτα, ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ, ἐν ᾧ μηδὲν ἡμῖν ἐπηγγείλατο ἀγαθὸν ὁ Δεσπότης, ἐν ᾧ ξένους ἡμᾶς εἶπεν εἶναι, ἐννοήσωμεν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς πόσα ἔσται τὰ ἀποκείμενα ἀγαθά: εἰ ἔνθα πάροικοι ἦσαν, τοσαύτης ἀπέλαυον τιμῆς, ἔνθα αἱ πόλεις εἰσὶ, πόσης ἀπολαύσουσι δόξης; εἰ ἔνθα θλῖψιν ἐπηγγείλατο, τοσαύτη θεραπεία, ἔνθα ὄντως τιμὰς ἐπαγγέλλεται, πόση ἔσται ἡ ἄνεσις; Ἀλλὰ βούλεσθε καὶ κοσμικοὺς ἐπιδείξωμεν; Νῦν μὲν γὰρ οὐκ ἔχομεν: πλήν εἰσι μὲν ἴσως καὶ κοσμικοὶ ἐπιεικεῖς, ἀλλ' εἰς τὴν ἄκραν οὐχ ἥκοντες φιλοσοφίαν. Διὸ ἀπὸ τῶν παλαιῶν καὶ ἁγίων ἐρῶ ὑμῖν τὰ ὑποδείγματα. Πόσοι γυναῖκας ἔχοντες, καὶ παῖδας τρέφοντες, τῶν εἰρημένων οὐδὲν ἔλαττον, οὐδὲν ἔλαττον ἔσχον; Ἀλλὰ νῦν οὐκέτι ἐστὶ διὰ τὴν ἐνεστῶσαν ἀνάγκην, καθώς φησιν ὁ μακάριος οὗτος. Τίνα οὖν βούλεσθε εἴπω; τὸν Νῶε, ἢ τὸν Ἀβραάμ; τὸν τούτου παῖδα, ἢ τὸν ἐκείνου; ἀλλὰ τὸν Ἰωσήφ; Ἀλλὰ βούλεσθε ἐπὶ τοὺς προφήτας ἔλθωμεν; τὸν Μωϋσέα λέγω, τὸν Ἡσαΐαν. δʹ. Ἀλλ', εἰ δοκεῖ, ἐπὶ τὸν Ἀβραὰμ τὸν λόγον ἑλκύσωμεν, ὃν μάλιστα πάντες προφέρουσιν ἡμῖν ἀεί. Οὐχὶ γυναῖκα εἶχεν; οὐχὶ παῖδας; καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐγὼ τοῦτο λέγω πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ὅπερ ὑμεῖς πρὸς ἡμᾶς. Γυναῖκα εἶχεν, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐπειδὴ γυναῖκα εἶχε, θαυμαστὸς ἦν: χρήματα εἶχεν, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐπειδὴ χρήματα εἶχεν, ἤρεσε τῷ Θεῷ: παῖδας ἔτεκεν, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐπειδὴ παῖδας ἔτεκεν, ἐμακαρίζετο: τριακοσίους δέκα καὶ ὀκτὼ οἰκογενεῖς ἐκέκτητο, ἀλλ' οὐ τούτου χάριν ἐθαυμάζετο. Ἀλλὰ βούλει μαθεῖν πόθεν; ἀπὸ τῆς φιλοξενίας, ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν χρημάτων ὑπεροψίας, ἀπὸ τῆς κοσμιότητος. Τί γάρ ἐστιν, εἰπέ μοι, φιλοσόφου; οὐχὶ καὶ χρημάτων καὶ δόξης καταφρονεῖν; καὶ φθόνου καὶ παντὸς πάθους ἀνώτερον εἶναι; Φέρε οὖν, αὐτὸν εἰς μέσον ἀγαγόντες ἀποδύσωμεν, καὶ δείξωμεν ὑμῖν οἷος φιλόσοφος ἦν. Οὐδὲν ἡγεῖτο πατρίδα πρῶτον: Ἔξελθε γὰρ, ἤκουσεν, ἐκ τῆς γῆς σου, καὶ ἐκ τῆς συγγενείας σου: καὶ εὐθέως ἐξῆλθεν. Οὐ προσεδέδετο οἰκίᾳ: ἦ γὰρ ἂν οὐκ ἐξῆλθεν: οὐ συνηθείας φιλίᾳ, οὐκ ἄλλῳ οὐδενί. Εἶτα δόξης μάλιστα πάντων ἐκεῖνος κατεφρόνησε καὶ χρημάτων: καὶ γὰρ πόλεμον τροπωσάμενος, καὶ λάφυρα ἀξιούμενος λαβεῖν, κατέπτυσεν. Ἀλλ' ὁ παῖς ὁ τούτου, οὐ διὰ τὰ χρήματα πάλιν ἐθαυμάζετο, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν φιλοξενίαν, οὐ διὰ τὰ παιδία, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν ὑπακοὴν, οὐ διὰ τὴν γυναῖκα, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν στείρωσιν τὴν ἐπὶ τῇ γυναικί. Οὐδὲν τὴν παροῦσαν ἡγοῦντο ζωὴν, οὐκ ἐχρηματίζοντο, ὑπερεώρων ἁπάντων. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, ποῖα τῶν φυτῶν ἐστιν ἄριστα; οὐχ ἅπερ ἂν οἴκοθεν ἔχῃ τὴν ἰσχὺν, καὶ μήτε ὄμβροις, μήτε χαλάζαις, μήτε ἀνέμων ῥύμαις, μήτε ἄλλῃ τινὶ τοιαύτῃ ἀνωμαλίᾳ βλάπτηται, ἀλλὰ γυμνὰ ἕστηκε πάντων καταφρονοῦντα, μήτε θριγκίων, μήτε φραγμῶν δεόμενα; Τοιοῦτος ὁ φιλόσοφός ἐστι, τοιοῦτος ὁ πλοῦτος ἐκεῖνος: οὐδὲν ἔχει, καὶ πάντα ἔχει: πάντα ἔχει, καὶ οὐδὲν ἔχει. Ὁ γὰρ τοῖχος οὐκ ἔνδον, ἀλλ' ἔξωθέν ἐστιν, ὁ θριγκὸς οὐ τῆς φύσεώς ἐστιν, ἀλλ' ἔξωθεν περιβαλλόμενος. Τί δὲ, εἰπέ μοι; ποῖον σῶμα ἰσχυρόν ἐστιν; οὐχ ὅπερ ἂν ὑγιαῖνον ᾖ, καὶ μήτε λιμῷ, μήτε πλησμονῇ, μήτε ψύχει, μήτε καύματι ἁλίσκηται: ἢ τὸ πρὸς πάντα ταῦτα ὑποκείμενον, καὶ τραπεζοποιῶν καὶ ὑφαντῶν καὶ θηρευτῶν καὶ ἰατρῶν δεόμενον, ἵνα ὑγιαίνῃ; Ἐκεῖνός ἐστι πλούσιος, ὁ ὄντως φιλόσοφος, ὁ μηδενὸς τούτων δεόμενος. Διὰ τοῦτο ὁ μακάριος οὗτος ἔλεγεν: Ἐκτρέφετε αὐτὰ ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου. Μὴ τοίνυν θριγκία ἔξωθεν περιβάλλετε: τοῦτο γὰρ ὁ πλοῦτος, τοῦτο ἡ δόξα. Ὅταν γὰρ ταῦτα καταπέσῃ, καταπίπτει δὲ, γυμνὸν ἕστηκε καὶ εὐάλωτον τὸ φυτὸν, οὐ μόνον οὐδὲν κερδᾶναν ἐν τῷ παρελθόντι χρόνῳ, ἀλλὰ καὶ βλαβέν. Ἐκεῖνα γὰρ τὰ θριγκία τὰ κωλύοντα αὐτὸ ἐγγυμνάζεσθαι πρὸς τὰς τῶν ἀνέμων προσβολὰς, νῦν ἀθρόον καταπεσεῖν παρεσκεύασεν. Ὥστε βλάπτει μᾶλλον ὁ πλοῦτος, ἀμελετήτους παρασκευάζων πρὸς τὰς ἀνωμαλίας τοῦ βίου. Τοιούτους τοίνυν παρασκευάζωμεν τοὺς παῖδας, ὥστε δύνασθαι πρὸς πάντα ἀντέχειν, καὶ μὴ ξενίζεσθαι τοῖς ἐπιοῦσιν: ἐκτρέφωμεν αὐτοὺς ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου, καὶ πολὺς ἡμῖν ὁ μισθὸς ἀποκείσεται. Εἰ γὰρ ἄνθρωποι ἀγάλματα ποιοῦντες βασιλέων, καὶ εἰκόνας γράφοντες, τοσαύτης ἀπολαύουσι τιμῆς: ἡμεῖς τὴν βασιλικὴν εἰκόνα καλλωπίζοντες (εἰκὼν γὰρ τοῦ Θεοῦ ὁ ἄνθρωπος), οὐ μυρίων ἀπολαύσομεν τῶν ἀγαθῶν, τὸ καθ' ὁμοίωσιν ἀποδιδόντες; Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ὅμοιον, ἡ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀρετὴ, ὅταν ἀγαθοὺς εἶναι παιδεύσωμεν τοὺς παῖδας, ὅταν ἀοργήτους, ὅταν ἀμνησικάκους: ταῦτα πάντα Θεοῦ ἴδια, ὅταν εὐεργετικοὺς, ὅταν φιλανθρώπους, ὅταν παιδεύσωμεν τὰ παρόντα μηδὲν ἡγεῖσθαι. Τοῦτο τοίνυν ἡμῖν ἔργον ἔστω καὶ ἑαυτοὺς, κἀκείνους πλάττειν καὶ ῥυθμίζειν εἰς δέον: ἐπεὶ ποίᾳ παῤῥησίᾳ στησόμεθα ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ βήματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ; Εἰ γὰρ ἐπισκοπῆς ἀνάξιος ὁ παῖδας ἀνυποτάκτους ἔχων, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν. Τί λέγεις; κἂν γυναῖκα ἄτακτον ἔχωμεν, κἂν παῖδας, εὐθύνας ὑφέξομεν; Ναὶ, ἐὰν μὴ μετὰ ἀκριβείας τὰ παρ' ἑαυτῶν εἰσενέγκωμεν: οὐ γὰρ ἀρκεῖ ἡμῖν ἡ οἰκεία ἀρετὴ πρὸς σωτηρίαν. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ τὸ τάλαντον τὸ ἓν μὴ καταβαλόμενος, οὐδὲν ἐκέρδανεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ οὕτω κολάζεται: δῆλον ὅτι οὐκ ἀρκεῖ ἡ οἰκεία ἀρετὴ εἰς σωτηρίαν, ἀλλὰ δεῖ καὶ τῆς ἑτέρου. Πολλὴν τοίνυν ποιώμεθα καὶ τῶν γυναικῶν φροντίδα, πολλὴν καὶ τῶν παίδων πρόνοιαν καὶ τῶν οἰκετῶν, πολλὴν καὶ ἡμῶν αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐν τῷ ἑαυτοὺς, καὶ ἐν τῷ ἐκείνους ῥυθμίζειν, τὸν Θεὸν παρακαλῶμεν, ὥστε συναντιλαβέσθαι ἡμῖν τοῦ ἔργου. Ἂν ἴδῃ ἡμᾶς τοῦτο μεριμνῶντας, τούτου φροντίζοντας, συναντιλήψεται: ἂν δὲ μηδένα ποιουμένους λόγον, οὐ δώσει χεῖρα. Οὐ γὰρ καθεύδουσιν ἡμῖν χορηγεῖ τὴν βοήθειαν ὁ Θεὸς, ἀλλὰ πονουμένοις καὶ αὐτοῖς. Ὁ γὰρ βοηθὸς οὐ τοῦ ἀργοῦντός ἐστι βοηθὸς, ἀλλὰ τοῦ καὶ αὐτοῦ ἐργαζομένου. Δυνατὸς δὲ ὁ ἀγαθὸς Θεὸς δι' ἑαυτοῦ τὸ ἔργον εἰς τέλος ἀγαγεῖν, ἵνα ἀξιωθῶμεν πάντες ἐπιτυχεῖν τῶν ἐπηγγελμένων ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι δόξα, κράτος, τιμὴ, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.