Homily XXII.

Ephesians vi. 5–8

“Servants, be obedient unto them that, according to the flesh, are your masters, with fear and trembling, in singleness of your heart, as unto Christ; not in the way of eye-service, as men-pleasers: but as servants of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart; with good-will doing service, as unto the Lord, and not unto men: knowing that whatsoever good thing each one doeth, the same shall he receive again from the Lord, whether he be bond or free.”

Thus then it is not husband only, nor wife, nor children, but virtuous servants also that contribute to the organization and protection of a house. Therefore the blessed Paul has not overlooked this department even. He comes to it, however, in the last place, because it is last in dignity and rank. Still he addresses much discourse also to them, no longer in the same tone as to children, but in a far more advanced way, inasmuch as he does not hold out to these the promise in this world, but in that which is to come. “Knowing,” saith he, “that whatsoever good or evil286    [The words, “or evil,” ἢκακόν, are not in the text of this passage at all, though Chrysostom has them. Chrysostom and the Patristic writers in general often quote the New Testament without exactness. They quote often from memory, and are seldom critical. Cf. Schaff, Companion to Greek Testament, p. 164.—G.A.] thing each one doeth, the same shall he receive of the Lord,” and thus at once instructs them to love wisdom. For though they be inferior to the children in dignity, still in mind they are superior to them.

“Servants,” saith he, “be obedient to them that, according to the flesh, are your masters.”

Thus at once he raises up, at once soothes the wounded soul. Be not grieved, he seems to say, that you are inferior to the wife and the children. Slavery is nothing but a name. The mastership is “according to the flesh,” brief and temporary;287    [“Wrong. It means those who are ‘your human masters,’ in distinction from Christ, the ‘divine’ master.”—Meyer.—G.A.] for whatever is of the flesh, is transitory.

“With fear,” he adds, “and trembling.”288    [“With fear and trembling, i.e. with that zeal which is ever keenly apprehensive of not doing enough.”—Meyer.—G.A.]

Thou seest that he does not require the same fear from slaves as from wives: for in that case he simply said, “and let the wife see that she fear her husband”; whereas in this case he heightens the expression, “with fear,” he saith, “and trembling, in singleness of your heart, as unto Christ.” This is what he constantly says. What meanest thou, blessed Paul? He is a brother, or rather he has become a brother, he enjoys the same privileges, he belongs to the same body. Yea, more, he is the brother, not of his own master only, but also of the Son of God, he is partaker of all the same privileges; yet sayest thou, “obey your masters according to the flesh, with fear and trembling”? Yes, for this very reason, he would say, I say it. For if I charge free men to submit themselves one to another in the fear of God,—as he said above, “submitting yourselves one to another in the fear of Christ”;—if I charge moreover the wife to fear and reverence her husband, although she is his equal; much more must I so speak to the servant. It is no sign of low birth, rather it is the truest nobility, to understand how to lower ourselves, to be modest and unassuming, and to give way to our neighbor. And the free have served the free with much fear and trembling.

“In singleness of heart,” he says.

And it is well said, since it is possible to serve with fear and trembling, and yet not of good will, but in just any way that may be possible. Many servants in many instances secretly cheat their masters. And this cheating accordingly he does away, by saying, “in singleness of your heart as unto Christ, not in the way of eye-service as men-pleasers, but as servants of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart; with good-will doing service, as unto the Lord, and not unto men.” Seest thou how many words he requires, in order to implant this good principle, “with goodwill,” I mean, and “from the heart”? That other service, “with fear and trembling” I mean, we see many rendering to their masters, and the master’s threat goes far to secure that. But show, saith he, that thou servest as “the servant of Christ,” not of man. Make the right action your own, not one of compulsion. Just as in the words which follow, he persuades and instructs the man who is ill-treated by another to make the right action his own, and the work of his own free choice. Because inasmuch as the man that smites the cheek, is not supposed to come to that act in consequence of any intention in the person struck, but only of his own individual malice, what saith He? “Turn to him the other also” (Matt. v. 39.); to show him that in submitting to the first thou wert not unwilling. For he that is lavish in suffering wrong, makes that his own which is not his own act, by suffering himself to be smitten on the other cheek also, and not merely by enduring the first blow. For this latter will have perhaps the appearance even of cowardice; but that of a high philosophy.—Thus thou wilt show that it was for the sake of wisdom that thou didst bear the first blow also. And so in the present case, show here too, that thou bearest this slavery also willingly. The man-pleaser then is no servant of Christ. The servant of Christ is not a man-pleaser. (Gal. i. 10.) For who that is the servant of God, makes it his object to please men? And who that pleases men, can be a servant of God?

“From the heart,”289    [“From the heart” (ἐκ ψυχῆς) is joined by Chrysostom with what follows. (So Westcott and Hort.) But as μετ᾽ εὐνοίας expresses the well-meaning disposition, it already includes the sense of ἐκ ψυχῆς. So that ἐκ ψυχῆς belongs to what precedes. So Meyer, Ellicott, and Rev. Ver.—G.A.] saith he, “with good-will doing service.” For since it is possible to do service even with singleness of heart and not wrongfully, and yet not with all one’s might, but only so far as fulfilling one’s bounden duty, therefore he says, do it with alacrity, not of necessity, upon principle, not upon constraint. If thus thou do service, thou art no slave; if thou do it upon principle, if with good-will, if from the heart, and if for Christ’s sake. For this is the servitude that even Paul, the free man, serves, and exclaims, “For we preach not ourselves, but Christ Jesus, as Lord, and ourselves as your servants for Jesus’ sake.” (2 Cor. iv. 5.) Look how he divests thy slavery of its meanness. For just in the same way as the man who has been robbed, if he gives still more to him who has taken, is not ranked among those robbed, but rather amongst liberal givers; not amongst those who suffer evil, but amongst those who do good; and rather clothes the other with disgrace by his liberality, than is clothed with disgrace by being robbed,—so, I say, in this case, by his generosity he will appear at once more high-minded, and by showing that he does not feel the wrong,290    ἀρπαγῆς. will put the other to shame.

Let us then do service to our masters for Christ’s sake, “knowing,” he continues, “that whatsoever good thing each one doeth, the same shall he receive of the Lord, whether he be bond or free.” For inasmuch as it was probable that many masters, as being unbelievers, would have no sense of shame, and would make no return to their slaves for their obedience, observe how he has given them encouragement, so that they may have no misgiving about the remuneration, but may have full confidence respecting the recompense. For as they who receive a benefit, when they make no return, make God a debtor to their benefactors; so, I say, do masters also, if, when well-treated by thee, they fail to requite thee, requite thee the more, by rendering God thy debtor.

Ver. 9. “And ye masters,” he continues, “do the same things unto them.”

The same things. What are these? “With good-will do service.” However he does not actually say, “do service,” though by saying, “the same things,” he plainly shows this to be his meaning. For the master himself is a servant. “Not as men-pleasers,” he means, “and with fear and trembling”: that is, toward God, fearing lest He one day accuse you for your negligence toward your slaves.

“And forbear threatening;” be not irritating, he means, nor oppressive.

“Knowing that both their Master and291    [The second καὶ (καὶ αὐτῶν καὶ ὑμῶν) is omitted in Chrysostom’s text of this passage, and in the textus receptus, so that it does not appear in the Authorized English Version. The Revised Version has it, however, and correctly so.—G.A.] yours is in Heaven.”292    [Meyer quotes Seneca, Thyest. 607:—   Quicquid a vobis minor extimescit   Major hoc vobis dominus minatur.   Omne sub regno graviore regnum est.—G.A.]

Ah! How mighty a Master does he hint at here! How startling the suggestion! It is this. “With what measure thou metest, it shall be measured unto thee again” (Matt. vii. 2.); lest thou hear the sentence, “Thou wicked servant. I forgave thee all that debt.” (Matt. xviii. 32.)

“And there is no respect of persons,” he saith, “with Him.”

Think not, he would say, that what is done towards a servant, He will therefore forgive, because done to a servant. Heathen laws indeed as being the laws of men, recognize a difference between these kinds of offenses. But the law of the common Lord and Master of all, as doing good to all alike, and dispensing the same rights to all, knows no such difference.

But should any one ask, whence is slavery, and why it has found entrance into human life, (and many I know are both glad to ask such questions, and desirous to be informed of them,) I will tell you. Slavery is the fruit of covetousness, of degradation, of savagery; since Noah, we know, had no servant, nor had Abel, nor Seth, no, nor they who came after them. The thing was the fruit of sin, of rebellion against parents. Let children hearken to this, that whenever they are undutiful to their parents, they deserve to be servants. Such a child strips himself of his nobility of birth; for he who rebels against his father is no longer a son; and if he who rebels against his father is not a son, how shall he be a son who rebels against our true Father? He has departed from his nobility of birth, he has done outrage to nature. Then come also wars, and battles, and take their prisoners.293    [He seems to refer slavery to three causes: 1. covetousness; 2. rebellion against parents; 3. war, where prisoners are taken and made slaves.—G.A.] Well, but Abraham, you will say, had servants. Yes, but he used them not as servants.

Observe how everything depends upon the head; the wife, by telling him “to love her”; the children, by telling him “to bring them up in the chastening and admonition of the Lord”; the servants, by the words, “knowing that both their Master and yours is in Heaven.” So, saith he, ye also in like manner, as being yourselves servants, shall be kind and indulgent. “Finally, be strong in the Lord and in the strength of His might.”

But if, before considering this next, ye have a mind to hearken, I shall make the same remarks concerning servants, as I have also made before concerning children. Teach them to be religious, and everything else will follow of necessity. But now, when any one is going to the theater, or going off to the bath, he drags all his servants after him; but when he goes to church, not for a moment; nor does he compel them to attend and hear. Now how shall thy servant listen, when thou his master art attending to other things? Hast thou purchased, hast thou bought thy slave? Before all things enjoin him what God would have him do, to be gentle towards his fellow-servants, and to make much account of virtue.

Every one’s house is a city; and every man is a prince in his own house. That the house of the rich is of this character, is plain enough, where there are both lands, and stewards, and rulers over rulers. But I say that the house of the poor also is a city. Because here too there are offices of authority; for instance, the husband has authority over the wife, the wife over the servants, the servants again over their own wives; again the wives and the husbands over the children. Does he not seem to you to be, as it were, a sort of king, having so many authorities under his own authority? and that it were meet that he should be more skilled both in domestic and general government than all the rest? For he who knows how to manage these in their several relations, will know how to select the fittest men for offices, yes, and will choose excellent ones. And thus the wife will be a second king in the house, lacking only the diadem; and he who knows how to choose this king, will excellently regulate all the rest.

Ver. 10. “Finally,” saith he, “be strong in the Lord.”

Whenever the discourse is about to conclude, he always employs this turn. Said I not well from the first, that every man’s house is a camp in itself? For look, having disposed of the several offices, he proceeds to arm them, and to lead them out to war.294    [This is very beautiful, but hardly correct exegesis. “The word ‘finally’ introduces a general, final exhortation, winding up the whole parenetic portion of the epistle (iv. i–vi. 9.).”—Meyer.—G.A.] If no one usurps the other’s office, but every one remains at his post, all will be well ordered.

“Be strong,” saith he, “in the Lord, and in the strength of His might.”

That is, in the hope which we have in Him, by means of His aid. For as he had enjoined many duties, which were necessary to be done, fear not, he seems to say, cast your hope upon the Lord, and He will make all easy.

Ver. 11. “Put on the whole armor of God, that ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil.”

He saith not, against the fightings, nor against the hostilities, but against the “wiles.” For this enemy is at war with us, not simply, nor openly, but by “wiles.” What is meant by wiles? To use “wiles,” is to deceive and to take by artifice or contrivance; a thing which takes place both in the case of the arts, and by words, and actions, and stratagems, in the case of those who seduce us. I mean something like this. The Devil never proposes to us sins in their proper colors; he does not speak of idolatry, but he sets it off in another dress, using “wiles,”295    μεθοδεύων. that is, making his discourse plausible, employing disguises. Now therefore the Apostle is by this means both rousing the soldiers, and making them vigilant, by persuading and instructing them, that our conflict is with one skilled in the arts of war, and with one who wars not simply, nor directly, but with much wiliness. And first then he arouses the disciples from the consideration of the Devil’s skill; but in the second place, from his nature, and the number of his forces. It is not from any desire to dispirit the soldiers that stand under him, but to arouse, and to awaken them, that he mentions these stratagems, and prepares them to be vigilant; for had he merely detailed their power, and there stopped his discourse, he must have dispirited them. But now, whereas both before and after this, he shows that it is possible to overcome such an enemy, he rather raises their courage; for the more clearly the strength of our adversaries is stated on our part to our own people, so much the more earnest will it render our soldiers.

Ver. 12. “For our wrestling is not,” saith he, “against flesh and blood,296    [“Flesh and blood, i.e. ‘feeble men,’ just as in Gal. i. 16, and Matt. xvi. 17. The word πάλη, which means nothing else than a ‘wrestling,’ is specially chosen by the Apostle (who elsewhere uses ἀγών or μάχη), in order to bring out the more strongly in connection with πρὸς αἷμα καὶ σάρκα the contrast between this less perilous form of contest and that which follows.”—Meyer.—G.A.] but against the principalities, against the powers, against the world-rulers of this darkness, against the spiritual hosts of wickedness, in the heavenly places.”

Having stimulated them by the character of the conflict, he next goes on to arouse them also by the prizes set before them. For what is his argument? Having said that the enemies are fierce, he adds further, that they despoil us of vast blessings. What are these? The conflict lies “in the heavenlies”;297    ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις. the struggle is not about riches, not about glory, but about our being enslaved. And thus is the enmity irreconcilable. The strife and the conflict are fiercer when for vast interests at stake; for the expression “in the heavenlies”298    ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις. is equivalent to, “for the heavenly things.” It is not that they may gain anything by the conquest, but that they may despoil us. As if one were to say, “In what does the contract lie?” In gold. The word “in,” means, “in behalf of”; the word “in,” also means, “on account299    [“The word ἐν does not mean ‘for’ or ‘on account of,’ and the phrase is here local (i. 3.).”—Meyer.—G.A.] of.”300    τὸ ἐν ὑπέρ ἐστι, καὶ τὸ ἐν, διά ἐστιν. Observe how the power of the enemy startles us; how it makes us all circumspection, to know that the hazard is on behalf of vast interests, and the victory for the sake of great rewards. For he is doing his best to cast us out of Heaven.

He speaks of certain “principalities, and powers, and world-rulers of this darkness.” What darkness? Is it that of night? No, but of wickedness. “For ye were,” saith he, “once darkness” (Eph. v. 8.); so naming that wickedness which is in this present life; for beyond it, it will have no place, not in Heaven, nor in the world to come.

“World-rulers”301    κοσμοκράτορας. he calls them, not as having the mastery over the world, but the Scripture is wont to call wicked practices “the world,” as, for example, where Christ saith, “They are not of this world, even as I am not of the world.” (John xvii. 16.) What then, were they not of the world? Were they not clothed with flesh? Were they not of those who are in the world? And again; “The world hateth Me, but you it cannot hate.” (John vii. 7.) Where again He calls wicked practices by this name. Thus the Apostle here by the world means wicked men, and the evil spirits have more especial power over them. “Against the spiritual hosts of wickedness,” saith he, “in the heavenly places.” “Principalities, and powers,” he speaks of; just as in the heavenly places there are “thrones and dominions, principalities and powers.” (Col. i. 16.)

Ver. 13. “Wherefore,” saith he, “take up the whole armor of God, that ye may be able to withstand in the evil day, and, having done all, to stand.”

By “evil day” he means the present life,302    [“The use of ἡμέρᾳ, rather than αἰ& 242·νι (Gal. i. 4.) is opposed to the interpretation of Chrysostom. Still more untenable is the view of Meyer, that Paul is here specifying the day when the last great Satanic outbreak was to take place. Paul has at heart what he knew was much more present and more constantly impending, namely, the day of violent temptation.”—Ellicott.—G.A.] and calls it too “this present evil world” (Gal. i. 4.), from the evils which are done in it. It is as much as to say, Always be armed. And again, “having done all,” saith he; that is, both passions, and vile lusts, and all things else that trouble us. He speaks not merely of doing the deed, but of completing it,303    Not ἐργασάμενοι, but κατεργασάμενοι. so as not only to slay, but to stand also after we have slain. For many who have gained this victory, have fallen again. “Having done,” saith he, “all”; not having done one, but not the other. For even after the victory, we must stand. An enemy may be struck, but things that are struck revive again if we do not stand. But if after having fallen they rise up again, so long as we stand, they are fallen. So long as we waver not, the adversary rises not again.

“Let us put on the whole armor of God.” Seest thou how he banishes all fear? For if it be possible “to do all, and to stand,” his describing in detail the power of the enemy does not create cowardice and fear, but it shakes off indolence. “That ye may be able,” he saith, “to withstand in the evil day.” And he further gives them encouragement too from the time; the time, he seems to say, is short;304    i.e. “but a ‘day.’” so that ye must needs stand; faint not when the slaughter is achieved.

Moral. If then it is a warfare, if such are the forces arrayed against us, if “the principalities” are incorporeal, if they are “rulers of the world,” if they are “the spiritual hosts of wickedness,” how, tell me, canst thou live in self-indulgence? How canst thou be dissolute? How if we are unarmed, shall we be able to overcome? These words let every one repeat to himself every day, whenever he is under the influence of anger, or of lust, whenever he is aiming, and all to no profit, after this languid life. Let him hearken to the blessed Paul, saying to him, “Our wrestling is not against flesh and blood, but against the principalities, against the powers.” A harder warfare this than that which is matter of sense, a fiercer conflict. Think how long time this enemy is wrestling, for what it is that he is fighting, and be more guarded than ever. “Nay,” a man will say, “but as he is the devil, he ought to have been removed out of the way, and then all had been saved.”305    [This entire sentence and the preceding one, though attested by three mss. and read by Savile, are wanting in the text of Field, who has, in their stead, Νῦν οὖν ἦλθε, φησὶν, ἐμοὶ παλαῖσαι, “Now then,” says some one, “he has come to wrestle with me,” which seems to leave the sense incomplete, and does not suit the following sentence. See note on page 82.—G.A.] These are the pretenses to which some of your indolent ones in self-defense give utterance. When thou oughtest to be thankful, O man, that, if thou hast a mind, thou hast the victory over such a foe, thou art on the contrary even discontented, and givest utterance to the words of some sluggish and sleepy soldier. Thou knowest the points of attack,306    λαβάς. if thou choosest. Reconnoiter on all sides, fortify thyself. Not against the devil alone is the conflict, but also against his powers. How then, you may say, are we to wrestle with the darkness? By becoming light. How with the “spiritual hosts of wickedness”? By becoming good. For wickedness is contrary to good, and light drives away darkness. But if we ourselves too be darkness, we shall inevitably be taken captive. How then shall we overcome them? If, what they are by nature, that we become by choice, free from flesh and blood, thus shall we vanquish them. For once it was probable that the disciples would have many persecutors, “imagine not,” he would say, “that it is they who war with you. They that really war with you, are the spirits that work in them. Against them is our conflict.” Two things he provides for by these considerations; he renders them in themselves more courageous and he lets loose their wrath against those who war against them. And wherefore is our conflict against these? Since we have also an invincible ally, the grace of the Spirit. We have been taught an art, such as shall enable us to wrestle not against men, but against spirits. Nay, if we have a mind, neither shall we wrestle at all; for it is because we choose it, that there is a struggle, since so great is the power of Him that dwelleth in us, as that He said, “Behold, I have given you authority to tread upon serpents and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy.” (Luke x. 19.) All power hath He given us, both of wrestling and of not wrestling. It is because we are slothful, that we have to wrestle with them; for that Paul wrestled not, hear what he saith himself, “Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? shall tribulation, or anguish, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword?” (Rom. viii. 35.) And again hear his words, “God shall bruise Satan under your feet shortly.” (Rom. xvi. 20.) For he had him under his subjection; whence also he said, “I charge thee in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her.” (Acts xvi. 18.) And this is not the language of one wrestling; for he that wrestles has not yet conquered, and he that has conquered no longer wrestles; he has subdued, has taken his captive. And so Peter again wrestled not with the devil, but he did that which was better than wrestling. In the case of the faithful, the obedient, the catechumens, they prevailed over him to vast advantage and over his powers. Hence too was it that the blessed Paul said, “For we are not ignorant of his devices” (2 Cor. ii. 11.), which was the way moreover in which he especially overcame him; and again hear his words, “And no marvel—if his ministers also fashion themselves as ministers of righteousness.” (2 Cor. xi. 14, 15.) So well knew he every part of the conflict, and nothing escaped him. Again, “For the mystery of lawlessness,” saith he, “doth already work.” (2 Thess. ii. 7.)

But against us is the struggle; for hearken again to him, saying, “I am persuaded, that neither angels, nor principalities, nor things present, nor things to come, nor powers, nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of Christ.” (Rom. viii. 38.) He saith not simply, “from Christ,” but, “from the love of Christ.”307    [This text in Rom. has, “from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.”—G.A.] For many there are who are united forsooth to Christ, and who yet love Him not. Not only, saith he, shalt thou not persuade me to deny Him, but, not even to love Him less. And if the powers above had not strength to do this, who else should move him? Not, however, that he saith this, as though they were actually attempting it, but upon the supposition; wherefore also he said, “I am persuaded.” So then he did not wrestle, yet nevertheless he fears his artifices; for hear what he saith, “I fear lest by any means, as the serpent beguiled Eve in his craftiness, your minds should be corrupted from the simplicity that is toward Christ.” (2 Cor. xi. 3.) True, you will say, but he uses this word touching himself also, where he saith, “For I fear308    [The words, “I fear,” φοβοῦμαι γὰρ, are not in the text of 1 Cor. ix. 27. See note 1 on page 157.—G.A.] lest, by any means, after that I have preached to others, I myself should be rejected.” How then art thou “persuaded that no one shall separate thee”? Perceivest thou that the expression is that of lowliness and of humility? For he already dwelt in Heaven. And hence also it was that he said, “For I know nothing against myself” (1 Cor. iv. 4.); and again, “I have finished the course.” (2 Tim. iv. 7.) So that it was not with regard to these matters that the devil placed obstacles in his way, but with reference to the interests of the disciples. And why forsooth? Because in these points he was not himself sole master, but also their own will. There the devil prevailed in some cases; nay, neither there was it over him that he prevailed, but over the indolence of persons who took no heed. If indeed, whether from slothfulness, or anything else of the sort, he had failed to fulfill his own duty, then had the devil prevailed over him; but if he himself on his part did all he could, and they obeyed not it was not over him he prevailed, but over their disobedience; and the disease prevailed not over the physician, but over the unruliness of the patient; for, when the physician takes every precaution, and the patient undoes all, the patient is defeated, not the physician. Thus then in no instance did he prevail over Paul. But in our own case, it is matter for contentment that we should be so much as able to wrestle. For the Romans indeed this is not what he asks, but what? “He shall bruise Satan under your feet shortly.” (Rom. xvi. 20.) And for these Ephesians he invokes, “Him that is able to do exceeding abundantly above all that we ask or think.” (Eph. iii. 20.) He that wrestles is still held fast, but it is enough for him that he has not fallen. When we depart hence, then, and not till then, will the glorious victory be achieved. For instance, take the case of some evil lust. The extraordinary thing would be, not even to entertain it, but to stifle it. If, however, this be not possible, then though we may have to wrestle with it, and retain it to the last, yet if we depart still wrestling, we are conquerors. For the case is not the same here as it is with wrestlers; for there if thou throw not thy antagonist, thou hast not conquered; but here if thou be not thrown, thou hast conquered; if thou art not thrown, thou hast thrown him; and with reason, because there both strive for the victory, and when the one is thrown, the other is crowned; here, however, it is not thus, but the devil is striving for our defeat; when then I strip him of that upon which he is bent, I am conqueror. For it is not to overthrow us, but to make us share his overthrow that he is eager. Already then am I conqueror, for he is already cast down, and in a state of ruin; and his victory consists not in being himself crowned, but in effecting my ruin; so that though I overthrow him not, yet if I be not overthrown, I have conquered. What then is a glorious victory? It is, over and above, to trample him underfoot, as Paul did, by regarding the things of this present world as nothing. Let us too imitate him, and strive to become above them, and nowhere to give him a hold upon us. Wealth, possessions, vain-glory, give him a hold. And oftentimes indeed this has roused him, and oftentimes exasperated him. But what need is there of wrestling? What need of engaging with him? He who is engaged in the act of wrestling has the issue in uncertainty, whether he may not be himself defeated and captured. Whereas he that tramples him under foot, has the victory certain.

Oh then, let us trample under foot the power of the devil; let us trample under foot our sins, I mean everything that pertains to this life, wrath, lust, vain-glory, every passion; that when we depart to that world, we may not be convicted of betraying that power which God hath given us; for thus shall we attain also the blessings that are to come. But if in this we are unfaithful, who will entrust us with those things which are greater? If we were not able to trample down one who had fallen, who had been disgraced, who had been despised, who was lying beneath our feet, how shall the Father give us a Father’s rewards? If we subdue not one so placed in subjection to us, what confidence shall we have to enter into our Father’s house? For, tell me, suppose thou hadst a son, and, that he, disregarding the well-disposed part of thy household, should associate with them that have distressed thee, with them that have been expelled his father’s house, with them that spend their time at the gaming table, and that he should go on so doing to the very last; will he not be disinherited? It is plain enough he will. And so too shall we; if, disregarding the Angels who have well pleased our Father and whom He hath set over us, we have our conversation with the devil, inevitably we shall be disinherited, which God forbid; but let us engage in the war we have to wage with him.

If any one hath an enemy, if any one hath been wronged by him, if any one is exasperated, let him collect together all that wrath, all that fierceness, and pour it out upon the head of the devil. Here wrath is a good thing, here anger is profitable, here revenge is praiseworthy, for just as amongst the heathen, revenge is a vice, so truly here is revenge a virtue. So then if thou hast any failings, rid thyself of them here. And if thou art not able thyself to put them away, do it, though with thy members also.309    [We have here followed the text of Savile (supported by three mss.), as follows: εἰ δὲ μὴ δύνασαι αὐτὸς ἀποθέσθαι, κἂν μετὰ τῶν μελῶν τῶν σῶν, in preference to the text of Field, which has εἰ μὴ δύνασαι αὐτὰ ἀπθοέσθαι, ἢ μετὰ τῶν μελῶν τῶν σῶν.—G.A.] Hath any one struck thee? Bear malice against the devil, and never relinquish thy hatred towards him. Or again, hath no one struck thee? Yet bear him malice still, because he insulted, because he offended thy Lord and Master, because he injures and wars against thy brethren. With him be ever at enmity, ever implacable, ever merciless. Thus shall he be humbled, thus despicable, thus shall he be an easy prey. If we are fierce towards him, he shall never be fierce towards us. If we are compliant, then he will be fierce; it is not with him as it is with our brethren. He is the foe and enemy, both of life and salvation, both ours and his own. If he loves not himself, how shall he be able to love us? Let us then put ourselves in array and wound him, having for our mighty confederate the Lord Jesus Christ, who can both render us impregnable to his snares, and worthy of the good things to come; which God grant that we may all attain, through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, with whom, together with the Holy Ghost, be unto the Father, glory, might, and honor, now and ever, and throughout all ages. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΚΒʹ. Οἱ δοῦλοι, ὑπακούετε τοῖς κυρίοις κατὰ σάρκα μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου, ἐν ἁπλότητι καρδίας ὑμῶν, ὡς τῷ Χριστῷ: μὴ κατ' ὀφθαλμοδου λείαν ὡς ἀνθρωπάρεσκοι, ἀλλ' ὡς δοῦλοι τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ποιοῦντες τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐκ ψυχῆς, μετ' εὐνοίας δουλεύοντες ὡς τῷ Κυρίῳ, καὶ οὐκ ἀνθρώποις: εἰδότες ὅτι ἐάν τις ἄνθρω πος ποιήσῃ ἀγαθὸν, τοῦτο κομιεῖται παρὰ τοῦ Κυρίου, εἴτε δοῦλος, εἴτε ἐλεύθερος. αʹ. Ὥστε οὐκ ἀνὴρ μόνον, οὔτε γυνὴ, οὔτε παιδία, ἀλλὰ καὶ οἰκετῶν ἀρετὴ συντελεῖ εἰς σύστασιν καὶ πρόστασιν οἰκίας. Διὰ τοῦτο ὁ μακάριος Παῦλος οὐδὲ τούτου τοῦ μέρους ἠμέλησεν: ἀλλ' ἔρχεται μὲν ἔσχατον ἐπ' αὐτὸ, ἐπειδὴ καὶ ἔσχατον κεῖται τῷ ἀξιώματι. Πολλὰ δὲ καὶ πρὸς αὐτοὺς διαλέγεται, οὐκέτι ὡς τοῖς παισὶν, ἀλλὰ πολλῷ τελειότερον: οὐ γὰρ ἐνταῦθα δίδωσιν αὐτοῖς τὴν ὑπόσχεσιν, ἀλλ' ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι. Εἰδότες, φησὶν, ὅτι ὃ ἐάν τι ἕκαστος ποιήσῃ ἀγαθὸν ἢ κακὸν, τοῦτο κομιεῖται παρὰ τοῦ Κυρίου. Καὶ φιλοσοφεῖν ἤδη διδάσκει. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ τῷ ἀξιώματι τῶν παίδων εἰσὶν ἐλάττους, ἀλλὰ τῷ φρονήματι μείζους. Οἱ δοῦλοι, φησὶν, ὑπακούετε τοῖς κυρίοις κατὰ σάρκα. Εὐθέως τὴν λελυπημένην ἀνέστησε ψυχὴν, εὐθέως παρεμυθήσατο. Μὴ ἄλγει, φησὶν, ὅτι ἔλαττον ἔχεις καὶ τῆς γυναικὸς, καὶ τῶν παίδων: ὄνομα δουλείας ἐστὶ μόνον: κατὰ σάρκα ἐστὶν ἡ δεσποτεία, πρόσκαιρος καὶ βραχεῖα: ὅπερ γὰρ ἂν ἦ σαρκικὸν, ἐπίκηρόν ἐστι. Μετὰ φόβου, φησὶ, καὶ τρόμου. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι οὐ τὸν αὐτὸν ἀπαιτεῖ παρὰ γυναικὸς καὶ δούλων φόβον; Ἐκεῖ μὲν γὰρ ἁπλῶς εἶπεν: Ἡ δὲ γυνὴ, ἵνα φοβῆται τὸν ἄνδρα: ἐνταῦθα δὲ μετ' ἐπιτάσεως, Μετὰ φόβου, φησὶ, καὶ τρόμου. Ἐν ἁπλότητι τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν, ὡς τῷ Χριστῷ. Συνεχῶς τοῦτό φησι. Τί λέγεις, ὦ μακάριε Παῦλε; ἀδελφός ἐστι, τῶν αὐτῶν ἀπέλαυσεν, εἰς τὸ αὐτὸ σῶμα τελεῖ: μᾶλλον δὲ ἀδελφὸς ἐγένετο οὐ τοῦ κυρίου τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, τῶν αὐτῶν ἀπολαύει πάντων, καὶ λέγεις, Ὑπακούετε τοῖς κατὰ σάρκα κυρίοις μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου; Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο, φησὶ, φημί. Εἰ γὰρ τοὺς ἐλευθέρους ἀλλήλοις ὑποτάσσεσθαι κελεύω διὰ τὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ φόβον, καθάπερ ἀνωτέρω ἔλεγεν: Ὑποτασσόμενοι ἀλλήλοις ἐν φόβῳ Θεοῦ: εἰ γὰρ τὴν γυναῖκα προστάσσω φοβεῖσθαι τὸν ἄνδρα, καίτοι αὕτη καὶ ὁμότιμός ἐστι: πολλῷ μᾶλλον τὸν οἰκέτην. Οὐ γὰρ δυσγένεια τὸ πρᾶγμά ἐστιν, ἀλλ' ἡ πρώτη εὐγένεια, τὸ εἰδέναι ἐλαττοῦσθαι, καὶ μετριάζειν, καὶ εἴκειν τῷ πλησίον. Καὶ ἐλεύθεροι ἐλευθέροις μετὰ πολλοῦ φόβου καὶ τρόμου ἐδούλευον. Ἐν ἁπλότητι, φησὶ, καρδίας. Καλῶς εἶπεν: ἐπειδὴ ἔνι μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου δουλεύειν, οὐκ ἐξ εὐνοίας δὲ, ἀλλ' ὡς ἂν ἐξῇ. Λανθάνουσι γὰρ πολλοὶ πολλὰ κακουργοῦντες περὶ τοὺς δεσπότας τοὺς αὐτῶν. Καὶ ταύτην γοῦν ἀναιρεῖ τὴν κακουργίαν, λέγων: Ἐν ἁπλότητι τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν, ὡς τῷ Κυρίῳ. Μὴ κατ' ὀφθαλμοδουλείαν ὡς ἀνθρωπάρεσκοι, ἀλλ' ὡς δοῦλοι τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ποιοῦντες τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐκ ψυχῆς, μετ' εὐνοίας δουλεύοντες, ὡς τῷ Κυρίῳ, καὶ οὐκ ἀνθρώποις. Ὁρᾷς πόσων ἐδεήθη, ὥστε τοῦτο ἐμφυτεῦσαι τὸ καλὸν, τὸ, Μετ' εὐνοίας, λέγω, καὶ ἐκ ψυχῆς; Ἐκεῖνο μὲν γὰρ πολλοὺς ὁρῶμεν τοῖς δεσπόταις παρέχοντας, τὸ τοῦ φόβου καὶ τὸ τοῦ τρόμου λέγω, καὶ πρὸς ἐκεῖνο ἡ τοῦ Δεσπότου ἀπειλὴ πολλὰ ἀνύει: Ἀλλὰ δεῖξον, φησὶν, ὅτι ὡς Χριστοῦ δοῦλος δουλεύεις, οὐχ ὡς ἀνθρώπου: ποίησον εἶναι σὸν τὸ κατόρθωμα. μὴ τῆς ἀνάγκης. Ὥσπερ τὸν παρ' ἑτέρου κακῶς πάσχοντα πείθει καὶ διδάσκει διὰ τῶν ἑξῆς, αὐτοῦ ποιῆσαι τὸ κατόρθωμα καὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ προαιρέσεως: οὔτε καὶ τοῦτον. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ὁ πλήξας τὴν σιαγόνα, οὐκ ἀπὸ τῆς διανοίας τῆς τοῦ πληγέντος εἰς τοῦτο ἦλθεν, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκείας κακίας, τί φησι; Στρέψον αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν ἄλλην, ἵνα δείξῃς ὅτι καὶ ταύτην οὐκ ἄκων ὑπέστης. Ὁ γὰρ ἐπιδαψιλευσάμενος τῷ παθεῖν κακῶς, καὶ ὅπερ οὐκ ἦν αὐτοῦ, ἐποίησεν ἑαυτοῦ τῷ ῥαπισθῆναι καὶ τὴν ἄλλην σιαγόνα, μὴ τῷ μόνον ἐνεγκεῖν. Τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ ἴσως δόξει καὶ φόβου εἶναι: ἐκεῖνο δὲ φιλοσοφίας πολλῆς. Οὐκοῦν ἔδειξας, ὅτι καὶ τοῦτο διὰ φιλοσοφίαν ἤνεγκας. Ὥστε καὶ νῦν δεῖξον ἐνταῦθα, ὅτι καὶ ταύτην ἑκοντὶ φέρεις τὴν δουλείαν, καὶ οὐχ ὡς ἀνθρωπάρεσκος. Ὁ ἄρα τοιοῦτος, οὐ δοῦλος τοῦ Χριστοῦ: ὁ δὲ δοῦλος τοῦ Χριστοῦ, οὐκ ἀνθρωπάρεσκος. Τίς γὰρ Θεοῦ δοῦλος ὢν, ἀνθρώποις ἀρέσκειν βούλεται; τίς δὲ ἀνθρώποις ἀρέσκων, Θεοῦ δύναται εἶναι δοῦλος; Ἐκ ψυχῆς, φησὶ, μετ' εὐνοίαι δουλεύοντες. Καλῶς οὕτως εἶπεν: ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἔνι καὶ ἐν ἁπλότητι δουλεύειν, καὶ μὴ κακούργως, μὴ μὴν πάσῃ δυνάμει, ἀλλὰ τὸ ὀφειλόμενον μόνον πληροῦν, διὰ τοῦτό φησιν, ἀπὸ προθυμίας, μὴ ἀπὸ ἀνάγκης, ἀπὸ προαιρέσεως, μὴ ἀπὸ βίας. Ἂν οὕτω δουλεύσῃς, οὐκ εἶ δοῦλος, ἂν ἐκ προαιρέσεως, ἂν μετ' εὐνοίας, ἂν ἀπὸ ψυχῆς, ἂν διὰ τὸν Χριστόν. Ταύτην γὰρ τὴν δουλείαν καὶ Παῦλος δουλεύει ὁ ἐλεύθερος, καὶ βοᾷ λέγων: Οὐ γὰρ ἑαυτοὺς κηρύσσομεν, ἀλλὰ Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν Κύριον, ἑαυτοὺς δὲ δούλους ὑμῶν διὰ Ἰησοῦν. βʹ. Ὅρα πῶς ἀφαιρεῖταί σου τὴν δυσγένειαν τῆς δουλείας. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ χρήματα ἀφῃρημένος, ἂν καὶ ἕτερα προσδῷ τῷ λαβόντι, οὐκ ἐν τοῖς ἀφῃρημένοις, ἀλλ' ἐν τοῖς φιλοτίμοις κεῖται, οὐκ ἐν τοῖς παθοῦσι κακῶς, ἀλλ' ἐν τοῖς ποιοῦσι καλῶς, καὶ μᾶλλον ὀνείδει περιέβαλε τῷ χαρίσασθαι, ἢ περιεβλήθη τῷ ἀφαιρεθῆναι: οὕτω δὴ ἐνταῦθα, τῇ δαψιλείᾳ καὶ μεγαλοψυχότερος φανεῖται, καὶ δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐκ ᾔσθετο τῆς ἁρπαγῆς, ἐντρέψει ἐκεῖνον. Οὐκοῦν διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν δουλεύωμεν τοῖς δεσπόταις, Εἰδότες, φησὶν, ὅτι ὃ ἄν τι ἄνθρωπος ποιήσῃ ἀγαθὸν, τοῦτο κομιεῖται παρὰ τοῦ Κυρίου, εἴτε δοῦλος, εἴτε ἐλεύθερος. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἰκὸς ἦν πολλοὺς τῶν δεσποτῶν ἀπίστους ὄντας μὴ αἰσχύνεσθαι, μηδὲ ἀμείβεσθαι τοὺς οἰκέτας τῆς ὑπακοῆς, ὅρα πῶς αὐτοὺς παρεμυθήσατο, ὥστε μὴ ὑποπτεύειν τὴν ἀνταπόδοσιν, ἀλλὰ σφόδρα θαῤῥεῖν περὶ τῆς ἀμοιβῆς. Καθάπερ γὰρ οἱ καλῶς πάσχοντες, ὅταν μὴ ἀμείβωνται τοὺς εὐεργέτας, τὸν Θεὸν αὐτοῖς ὀφειλέτην ποιοῦσιν: οὕτω δὴ καὶ οἱ δεσπόται, ἂν παθόντες εὖ παρὰ σοῦ μὴ ἀμείψωνταί σε, μᾶλλον ἠμείψαντο, τὸν Θεὸν ὀφειλέτην σοι καταστήσαντες. Καὶ οἱ κύριοι, φησὶ, τὰ αὐτὰ ποιεῖτε πρὸς αὐτούς. _Τὰ αὐτά: ποῖα; Μετ' εὐνοίας δουλεύετε. Ἀλλ' οὐκ εἶπε, δουλεύετε, καίτοι γε εἰπὼν τὰ αὐτὰ, τοῦτο ἐδήλωσε: δουλεύει γὰρ καὶ ὁ δεσπότης. Μὴ ὡς ἀνθρωπάρεσκοι, φησὶ, μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου, τουτέστι, τοῦ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν, δεδοικότες μήποτε ὑμῖν ἐγκαλέσῃ ὑπὲρ τῆς εἰς τοὺς δούλους ἀμελείας. Ἀνιέντες τὴν ἀπειλήν. Μὴ φορτικοὶ, φησὶ, μηδὲ ἐπαχθεῖς γίνεσθε. Εἰδότες ὅτι καὶ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν ὁ Κύριός ἐστιν ἐν οὐρανοῖς. Βαβαί! ἡλίκον ᾐνίξατο! πῶς ἐφόβησε! Τουτέστι, τῷ μέτρῳ, ᾧ μετρεῖς, ἀντιμετρηθήσεταί σοι. Μὴ ἀκούσῃς: Δοῦλε πονηρὲ, πᾶσαν τὴν ὀφειλὴν ἐκείνην ἀφῆκά σοι. Καὶ προσωποληψία, φησὶν, οὐκ ἔστι παρ' αὐτῷ. Μὴ νομίσῃς, φησὶν, ὅτι τὰ εἰς τὸν δοῦλον, ὡς εἰς δοῦλον γινόμενα, οὕτως ἀφήσει. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἔξωθεν νόμοι διαφορὰν ἴσασι τούτων τῶν γενῶν, ἅτε ἀνθρώπων ὄντες νόμοι: ὁ δὲ νόμος ὁ τοῦ κοινοῦ Δεσπότου οὐδεμίαν οἶδε διαφορὰν, ἅτε κοινῇ πάντας εὖ ποιῶν, καὶ πᾶσι τῶν αὐτῶν μεταδιδούς. Εἰ δέ τις ἔροιτο πόθεν ἡ δουλεία, καὶ διὰ τί εἰς τὸν βίον εἰσῆλθε τὸν ἀνθρώπινον (καὶ γὰρ οἶδα πολλοὺς καὶ ἐρωτῶντας τὰ τοιαῦτα ἡδέως καὶ μαθεῖν βουλομένους), ἐγὼ πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐρῶ: Ἡ πλεονεξία τὴν δουλείαν ἔτεκεν, ἡ βαναυσία, ἡ ἀπληστία: ἐπεὶ Νῶε δοῦλον οὐκ εἶχεν, οὐδὲ Ἄβελ, οὐδὲ Σὴθ, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ οἱ μετὰ ταῦτα. Ἁμαρτία τοῦτο τὸ πρᾶγμα ἔτεκεν, ἡ εἰς τοὺς πατέρας ὕβρις. Ἀκουέτωσαν οἱ παῖδες, ὅτι ἄξιοί εἰσι δοῦλοι εἶναι, ὅταν εἰς τοὺς πατέρας ἀγνώμονες ὦσιν. Ἀφείλετο ἑαυτοῦ ὁ τοιοῦτος τὴν εὐγένειαν: ὁ γὰρ ὑβρίζων τὸν πατέρα, οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι υἱός. Εἰ δὲ ὁ πατέρα ὑβρίζων, οὐκ ἔστιν υἱὸς, ὁ τὸν ὄντως ἡμῶν Πατέρα ὑβρίζων, πῶς ἔσται υἱός; Ἐξῆλθεν ἀπὸ τῆς εὐγενείας, ἐξύβρισεν εἰς τὴν φύσιν. Εἶτα καὶ πόλεμοι καὶ μάχαι αἰχμαλώτους ἔλαβον. Ἀλλ' ὁ Ἀβραὰμ εἶχεν οἰκέτας, φησίν. Ἀλλ' οὐχ ὡς οἰκέταις ἐκέχρητο. Ὅρα πῶς πάντα εἰς τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀναρτᾷ: τὴν γυναῖκα, Ἵνα, φησὶν, ἀγαπᾷ ταύτην: τὰ παιδία, Ἵνα ἐκτρέφῃ ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου: τοὺς δούλους, Εἰδότες ὅτι καὶ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν ὁ Κύριός ἐστιν ἐν οὐρανοῖς. Οὕτω, φησὶ, καὶ αὐτοὶ, ὡς δοῦλοι ὄντες, φιλάνθρωποι γίνεσθε καὶ συγγνωμονικοί. Εἰ δὲ βούλεσθε ἀκοῦσαι, τὰ αὐτὰ ἐροῦμεν περὶ τῶν οἰκετῶν, ἃ καὶ πρότερον περὶ τῶν παίδων: διδάσκετε αὐτοὺς εἶναι εὐλαβεῖς, καὶ πάντως πάντα ἕπεται. Νῦν δὲ εἰς μὲν θέατρον ἀνιὼν, καὶ εἰς βαλανεῖον ἀπιών τις, πάντας ἐπισύρεται τοὺς παῖδας: εἰς δὲ ἐκκλησίαν, οὐκέτι, οὐδὲ ἀναγκάζει παρεῖναι καὶ ἀκούειν. Πῶς δὲ ὁ οἰκέτης ἀκούσεται, σοῦ τοῦ δεσπότου ἑτέροις προσέχοντος; Ἠγόρασας, ἐπρίω τὸν δοῦλον; ἐπίταττε πρότερον αὐτῷ τὰ κατὰ Θεὸν, ὥστε πρὸς τοὺς συνδούλους εἶναι ἤπιον, ἀρετῆς πολὺν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Πόλις ἐστὶν ἡ ἑκάστου οἰκία, ἄρχων ἐστὶν ἕκαστος τῆς ἑαυτοῦ οἰκίας. Καὶ ὅτι μὲν τοιαύτη ἡ τῶν πλουτούντων, εὔδηλον, ἔνθα καὶ ἀγροὶ καὶ ἐπίτροποι καὶ ἄρχοντες ἐπὶ ἄρχουσιν: ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ τὴν τῶν πενήτων οἰκίαν φημὶ πόλιν εἶναι. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐνταῦθά εἰσιν ἀρχαί: οἷον, κρατεῖ τῆς γυναικὸς ὁ ἀνὴρ, ἡ γυνὴ τῶν οἰκετῶν, οἱ οἰκέται τῶν ἰδίων γυναικῶν: πάλιν αἱ γυναῖκες καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες τῶν παίδων. Ἆρα οὐ δοκεῖ σοι, καθάπερ τις βασιλεὺς εἶναι, τοσούτους ἔχων ἄρχοντας ὑποτεταγμένους ἑαυτῷ, καὶ πάντων προσήκειν αὐτὸν οἰκονομικώτερον εἶναι καὶ πολιτικώτερον; Ὁ γὰρ εἰδὼς διαφόρως κεχρῆσθαι τούτοις, οἶδε τοὺς ἐπιτηδείους ἄρχοντας αἱρεῖσθαι, καὶ αἱρήσεταί γε λαμπρούς. Οὐκοῦν ἔσται βασιλεὺς ἕτερος ἡ γυνὴ ἐν οἰκίᾳ χωρὶς τοῦ διαδήματος, καὶ ὁ εἰδὼς τὸν βασιλέα τοῦτον αἱρεῖσθαι, πάντα τὰ ἄλλα καλῶς διαθήσει. Τὸ λοιπὸν, ἀδελφοί μου, φησὶν, ἐνδυναμοῦσθε ἐν Κυρίῳ. Ὅταν μέλλῃ τελευτᾷν ὁ λόγος, ἀεὶ τούτῳ κέχρηται τῷ τρόπῳ. γʹ. Οὐχὶ καλῶς ἔλεγον ἐξ ἀρχῆς, ὅτι στρατόπεδόν ἐστιν ὁλόκληρον ἡ ἑκάστου οἰκία; Ἰδοὺ γὰρ διατάξας πάσας τὰς ἀρχὰς, λοιπὸν αὐτοὺς καθοπλίζει, καὶ ἐπὶ πόλεμον ἐξάγει. Ἐὰν γὰρ μηδεὶς τὴν ἀρχὴν ἁρπάζῃ τὴν τοῦ ἑτέρου, ἀλλὰ κατὰ χώραν ἕκαστος μένῃ, πάντα εὖ διακείσεται. Ἐνδυναμοῦσθε, φησὶν, ἐν Κυρίῳ, καὶ ἐν τῷ κράτει τῆς ἰσχύος αὐτοῦ: τουτέστιν, ἐν τῇ ἐλπίδι τῇ εἰς αὐτὸν διὰ τῆς αὐτοῦ βοηθείας. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πολλὰ ἐπέταξεν ἅπερ ἔδει γενέσθαι, μὴ δείσητε, φησὶν, ἐπιῤῥίψατε τὴν ἐλπίδα ἐπὶ τὸν Κύριον, καὶ πάντα ἐξευμαρίσει. Καὶ ἐνδύσασθε τὴν πανοπλίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, πρὸς τὸ δύνασθαι ὑμᾶς στῆναι πρὸς τὰς μεθοδείας τοῦ διαβόλου. Οὐκ εἶπε, Πρὸς τὰς μάχας, οὐδὲ, Πρὸς τοὺς πολέμους, ἀλλὰ, Πρὸς τὰς μεθοδείας. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἁπλῶς, οὐδὲ φανερῶς ἡμῖν ὁ ἐχθρὸς πολεμεῖ, ἀλλὰ μεθοδείᾳ. Τί ἐστι μεθοδεία; Μεθοδεῦσαί ἐστι τὸ ἀπατῆσαι, καὶ διὰ μηχανῆς ἑλεῖν, ὅπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν τεχνῶν γίνεται, καὶ ἐν λόγοις, καὶ ἐν ἔργοις, καὶ ἐν παλαίσμασιν, ἐπὶ τῶν παραγόντων ἡμᾶς. Οἷόν τι λέγω: Οὐδέποτε φανερὰ προτίθησι τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, εἰδωλολατρείαν οὐ λέγει, ἀλλ' ἑτέρως αὐτὸ κατασκευάζει μεθοδεύων, τουτέστι, πιθανὸν κατασκευάζων τὸν λόγον, ἐπικαλύμμασι κεχρημένος. Ἤδη μὲν οὖν καὶ τούτῳ διήγειρε τοὺς στρατιώτας, καὶ νήφειν ἐποίησε, τῷ πεῖσαι καὶ διδάξαι, ὅτι πρὸς ἔμπειρον τῶν πολεμικῶν ἡμῖν ἡ μάχη, καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς οὐδὲ φανερῶς πολεμοῦντα, ἀλλὰ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς μεθοδείας. Καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς φύσεως καὶ τοῦ πλήθους τοὺς μαθητὰς ἐπαίρει. Οὐχὶ καταβαλεῖν βουλόμενος τοὺς ὑπ' αὐτὸν ἑστῶτας στρατιώτας, ἀλλ' ἐπᾶραι καὶ διεγεῖραι, εἶπε τὰ σοφίσματα, καὶ παρεσκεύασε νήφειν. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ μόνον διηγησάμενος αὐτῶν τὴν δύναμιν μέχρι τούτου τὸν λόγον ἔστησε, κἂν κατέβαλεν αὐτούς: εἰ δὲ καὶ πρὸ τούτου καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο δείκνυσι δυνατὸν εἶναι τὸν τοιοῦτον ἑλεῖν, μᾶλλον αὐτοὺς ἐπαίρει. Ἡ γὰρ τῶν ἐναντίων ἰσχὺς ὅσῳ ἂν σαφέστερον παρ' ἡμῶν ἀπαγγέλληται πρὸς τοὺς οἰκείους, τοσούτῳ σπουδαιοτέρους ποιεῖ τοὺς ἡμετέρους. Ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἡμῖν, φησὶν, ἡ πάλη πρὸς αἷμα καὶ σάρκα, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὰς ἀρχὰς, πρὸς τὰς ἐξουσίας, πρὸς τοὺς κοσμοκράτορας τοῦ σκότους τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου, πρὸς τὰ πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις. Προτρέψας ἀπὸ τοῦ εἴδους τῆς μάχης, λοιπὸν καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐπάθλων τῶν κειμένων αὐτοὺς διεγείρει. Τί γάρ; Εἰπὼν ὅτι σφοδροὶ οἱ ἐχθροὶ, ἐπήγαγεν, ὅτι καὶ μεγάλα ἡμᾶς ἀποστεροῦσι. Ποῖα; Ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις ἡ μάχη κεῖται: οὐ περὶ χρημάτων, οὐ περὶ δόξης, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ ἀνδραποδισμοῦ ὁ ἀγών. Ὥστε ἀκατάλλακτος ἡ ἔχθρα γίνεται. Σφοδροτέρα ἡ φιλονεικία καὶ ἡ μάχη, ὅταν ὑπὲρ μεγάλων ᾖ. Τὸ γὰρ, Ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις, ἀντὶ τοῦ, ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐπουρανίων, ἐστίν: οὐχ ἵνα αὐτοί τινος τύχωσι νικήσαντες, ἀλλ' ἵνα ἡμᾶς ἀποστερήσωσιν: ὡς ἂν εἰ ἔλεγεν, Ἡ συνθήκη ἔν τινι κεῖται, τὸ ἐν, ὑπέρ ἐστι, καὶ τὸ ἐν, διά ἐστιν. Ὅρα πῶς ἡμᾶς διεγείρει ἡ δύναμις τοῦ ἐχθροῦ, καὶ νήφειν ποιεῖ, τὸ εἰδέναι ὑπὲρ μεγάλων ὄντα τὸν κίνδυνον, καὶ ὑπὲρ μεγάλων τὴν νίκην: τοῦ γὰρ οὐρανοῦ ἡμᾶς ἐκβάλλειν σπουδάζει. Ἀρχὰς τίνας φησὶ καὶ ἐξουσίας καὶ κοσμοκράτορας τοῦ σκότους τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου; ποίου σκότους; ἆρα τῆς νυκτός; Οὐδαμῶς, ἀλλὰ τῆς πονηρίας: Ἦμεν γὰρ, φησὶ, σκότος ποτὲ, οὕτω τὴν πονηρίαν λέγων τὴν ἐν τῷ παρόντι βίῳ. Οὐ γὰρ ἕξει περαιτέρω χώραν, οὐκ ἐν οὐρανῷ, οὐκ ἐν τῷ μετὰ ταῦτα αἰῶνι. Κοσμοκράτορας δὲ αὐτούς φησιν, οὐχ ὡς τοῦ κόσμου κρατοῦντας, ἀλλ' ὡς τῶν πονηρῶν ἔργων ὄντας αἰτίους. Οἶδε γὰρ κόσμον καλεῖν ἡ Γραφὴ τὰς πονηρὰς πράξεις: ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ ὁ Χριστός: Ὑμεῖς οὐκ ἐστὲ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου, ὥσπερ ἐγὼ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου. Ἆρα οὖν οὐκ ἦσαν ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου; οὐχὶ σάρκα περιέκειντο; οὐ τῶν ἐν κόσμῳ ἦσαν; Καὶ πάλιν: Ὁ κόσμος ἐμὲ μισεῖ, ὑμᾶς δὲ οὐ δύναται μισεῖν: πάλιν τὰς πονηρὰς πράξεις λέγων οὕτως. Ἢ κόσμον ἐνταῦθα τοὺς πονηροὺς ἀνθρώπους λέγει: οἱ γὰρ δαίμονες μᾶλλον τούτων κρατοῦσι. Πρὸς ἀρχὰς, πρὸς τὰς ἐξουσίας, πρὸς τὰ πνευματικὰ, φησὶ, τῆς πονηρίας ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις. Ἀρχὰς καὶ ἐξουσίας φησὶ, καθάπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἐπουρανίων εἰσὶ θρόνοι, κυριότητες, ἀρχαὶ, ἐξουσίαι. Διὰ τοῦτο, φησὶν, ἀναλάβετε τὴν πανοπλίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἵνα δυνηθῆτε ἀντιστῆναι ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ πονηρᾷ, καὶ ἅπαντα κατεργασάμενοι στῆναι. Ἡμέραν πονηρὰν, τὸν παρόντα βίον, καὶ αἰῶνα δὲ πονηρὸν τοῦτον καλεῖ, ἀπὸ τῶν ἐν αὐτῷ γινομένων κακῶν. Τουτέστιν, Ἀεὶ ὁπλίζεσθε. Καὶ ἅπαντα, φησὶ, κατεργασάμενοι: τουτέστι, καὶ πάθη καὶ ἐπιθυμίας ἀτόπους καὶ τὰ ἐνοχλοῦντα ἡμῖν ἅπαντα. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς ἐργάσασθαι εἶπεν, ἀλλὰ κατεργάσασθαι, ὥστε οὐκ ἀνελεῖν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ στῆναι μετὰ τὸ ἀνελεῖν. Πολλοὶ γὰρ τὴν νίκην ταύτην νικήσαντες, πάλιν ἔπεσον. Πάντα, φησὶ, κατεργασάμενοι, οὐ τὸ μὲν ναὶ, τὸ δὲ οὔ: δεῖ γὰρ καὶ μετὰ τὴν νίκην στάσεως. Ἐβλήθη ποτὲ, ἀλλὰ πάλιν ἀναζῇ τὰ βαλλόμενα: ἂν μὴ στῶμεν, ἤδη καὶ πεσόντα ἀνίσταται. Ἕως ἂν στήκωμεν, πέπτωκεν: ἕως ἂν μὴ περιφερώμεθα, ἐκεῖνος οὐκ ἀνίσταται. Ἐνδυσώμεθα τὴν πανοπλίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ. δʹ. Ὁρᾷς πῶς τὸν φόβον ἐξεῖλεν; Εἰ γὰρ δυνατὸν κατεργάσασθαι καὶ στῆναι, τί ἀποφεύγεις τὴν μάχην; Στῆθι κατεργασάμενος, καὶ νενίκηκας. Καὶ μὴ θαυμάσῃς ὅτι, τοσαῦτα περὶ τῆς τῶν ἐχθρῶν δυνάμεως διεξέρχεται: τὸ γὰρ ταῦτα διεξιέναι οὐ δειλίαν ἐμποιεῖ καὶ φόβον, ἀλλὰ τὴν ῥᾳθυμίαν ἀποτινάσσει. Ἵνα δυνηθῆτε, φησὶν, ἀντιστῆναι ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ πονηρᾷ. Καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ χρόνου παραμυθεῖται. Βραχὺς, φησὶν, ὁ καιρός: ὥστε χρὴ ἑστάναι: μὴ κάμητε μετὰ τὴν σφαγήν. Εἰ τοίνυν πόλεμός ἐστιν, εἰ τοιαῦται αἱ παρατάξεις εἰσὶν, εἰ ἀσώματοι αἱ ἀρχαὶ, εἰ κοσμοκράτορες, εἰ πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας, πῶς τρυφᾷς, εἰπέ μοι; πῶς διακεχυμένος εἶ; πῶς ἀφωπλισμένοι περιγενέσθαι δυνησόμεθα; Ταῦτα ἕκαστος ἑαυτῷ λεγέτω καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν: ὅταν ὑπὸ τοῦ θυμοῦ κρατῆται, ὅταν ὑπὸ ἐπιθυμίας, ὅταν τὸν ὑγρὸν τοῦτον βίον καὶ εἰκῆ ἐπιζητῇ. Ἀκουέτω τοῦ μακαρίου Παύλου λέγοντος: Οὐκ ἔστιν ἡμῖν ἡ πάλη πρὸς αἷμα καὶ σάρκα, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὰς ἀρχὰς, πρὸς τὰς ἐξουσίας. Χαλεπώτερος οὗτος ὁ πόλεμος τοῦ αἰσθητοῦ, σφοδροτέρα ἡ μάχη. Ἐννόησον ὅσον οὗτος παλαίει χρόνον, ὑπὲρ τίνος πυκτεύει, καὶ γενοῦ σεαυτοῦ ἀσφαλέστερος. Ναὶ, φησὶν, ἀλλ' ἔδει ὄντα διάβολον ἐκ μέσου γενέσθαι, καὶ πάντες ἂν ἐσώζοντο. Ταῦτά τινες τῶν ῥᾳθύμων προφασιζόμενοι φθέγγονται. Δέον σε εὐχαριστεῖν, ἄνθρωπε, ὅτι τοιούτου περιγίνῃ, ἂν ἐθέλῃς, ἐκ τῶν ἐναντίων καὶ ἀγανακτεῖς, νωθροῦ τινος καὶ ὑπνηλοῦ στρατιώτου φθεγγόμενος ῥήματα. Οἶδας τὰς λαβὰς, ἂν ἐθέλῃς: περισκόπει πάντοθεν, σαυτὸν τείχιζε. Οὐχὶ πρὸς τὸν διάβολόν ἐστιν ἡ μάχη μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς τὰς ἐκείνου δυνάμεις. Πῶς οὖν παλαίσομεν τῷ σκότῳ, φησί; Φῶς γενόμενοι. Πῶς τοῖς πνευματικοῖς τῆς πονηρίας; Ἀγαθοὶ γενόμενοι. Ἀγαθῷ γὰρ ἐναντίον ἡ πονηρία, καὶ φῶς ἀπελαύνει σκότος: ἂν δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ ὦμεν σκότος, ἁλωσόμεθα πάντως. Πῶς οὖν αὐτῶν περιεσόμεθα; Ἂν ὅπερ εἰσὶν ἀπὸ φύσεως ἐκεῖνοι, τοῦτο γενώμεθα ἀπὸ προαιρέσεως ἡμεῖς, σαρκὸς ἐκτὸς καὶ αἵματος: οὕτως αὐτοὺς αἱρήσομεν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἰκὸς ἦν αὐτοὺς ὑπὸ πολλῶν ἐλαύνεσθαι, μὴ νομίσητε, φησὶν, ὅτι αὐτοὶ πολεμοῦσιν ἡμῖν. Οἱ ἐνεργοῦντες ἐν αὐτοῖς δαίμονές εἰσιν, οἱ πολεμοῦντες: πρὸς ἐκείνους ἡμῖν ἡ μάχη. Δύο δὲ ἀπὸ τούτων κατασκευάζει, αὐτούς τε προθυμοτέρους ποιῶν πρὸς τοὺς πολεμοῦντας αὐτοῖς, καὶ πρὸς ἐκείνους τὸν θυμὸν ἐγείρων. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν πρὸς τούτους ἡμῖν ἡ μάχη γεγένηται; Ἐπειδὴ καὶ σύμμαχον ἔχομεν ἄμαχον, τοῦ Πνεύματος τὴν χάριν, τέχνην ἐδιδάχθημεν τοιαύτην, ὥστε μὴ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους δύνασθαι παλαίειν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς δαίμονας. Ἂν δὲ ἐθέλωμεν, οὐδὲ παλαίσομεν, ἐπειδὴ γὰρ βουλόμεθα, πάλη ἐστίν: ἐπεὶ τοσαύτη ἡ δύναμις τοῦ ἐνοικοῦντος ἐν ἡμῖν, ὡς λέγειν: Ἰδοὺ δέδωκα ὑμῖν ἐξουσίαν πατεῖν ἐπάνω ὄφεων καὶ σκορπίων, καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ ἐχθροῦ. Πᾶσαν ἡμῖν δέδωκεν ἐξουσίαν καὶ τοῦ παλαίειν, καὶ τοῦ μὴ παλαίειν: ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἡμεῖς νωθεῖς ἐσμεν, παλαίομεν αὐτοῖς: ἐπεὶ ὅτι Παῦλος οὐκ ἐπάλαισεν, ἄκουσον αὐτοῦ λέγοντος: Τίς ἡμᾶς χωρίσει ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ Χριστοῦ; θλῖψις, ἢ στενοχωρία, ἢ λιμὸς, ἢ διωγμὸς, ἢ γυμνότης, ἢ κίνδυνος, ἢ μάχαιρα; Καὶ πάλιν ἄκουε αὐτοῦ λέγοντος: Ὁ Θεὸς συντρίψει τὸν σατανᾶν ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας ὑμῶν ἐν τάχει. Εἶχε γὰρ αὐτὸν ὑποτεταγμένον: διὸ καὶ ἔλεγε: Παραγγέλλω σοι ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ ἐξελθεῖν ἀπ' αὐτῆς. Τοῦτο δὲ οὐκ ἔστι παλαίοντος. Ὁ γὰρ παλαίων οὐδέπω ἐνίκησεν, ὁ δὲ νικήσας οὐκέτι παλαίει. Ὑπέταξεν αὐτὸν, ἐξῃχμαλώτισε. Καὶ Πέτρος δὲ οὐκ ἐπάλαιε τῷ διαβόλῳ, ἀλλ' ὃ τοῦ παλαῖσαι βέλτιον ἦν, τοῦτο εἰργάζετο. Ἐν τοῖς πιστοῖς, ἐν τοῖς ὑπακούουσιν, ἐν τοῖς κατηχουμένοις ἐκ πολλοῦ τοῦ περιόντος ἐκράτουν αὐτοῦ. Διὸ καὶ ἔλεγεν ὁ μακάριος Παῦλος: Οὐ γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὰ νοήματα ἀγνοοῦμεν. Ὅθεν καὶ μάλιστα αὐτοῦ περιεγένετο. Καὶ πάλιν ἄκουε αὐτοῦ λέγοντος: Οὐ θαυμαστὸν, εἰ καὶ οἱ διάκονοι αὐτοῦ μετασχηματίζονται, ὡς διάκονοι δικαιοσύνης. Οὕτως ᾔδει πᾶσαν τὴν μάχην, καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτὸν ἐλάνθανε. Καὶ, Τὸ μυστήριον γὰρ, φησὶν, ἤδη ἐνεργεῖται τῆς ἀνομίας. Ἀλλὰ πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἡ πάλη ἐστίν. Ἐπεὶ ἄκουε πάλιν αὐτοῦ λέγοντος: Πέπεισμαι ὅτι οὔτε ἄγγελοι, οὔτε ἀρχαὶ, οὔτε ἐξουσίαι, οὔτε δυνάμεις, οὔτε ἐνεστῶτα, οὔτε μέλλοντα, οὔτε κτίσις ἑτέρα δυνήσεται ἡμᾶς χωρίσαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Οὐκ εἶπεν ἁπλῶς, Ἀπὸ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἀλλ', Ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Πολλοὶ γάρ εἰσιν ἡνωμένοι δῆθεν τῷ Χριστῷ, οὐκ ἀγαπῶντες δὲ αὐτόν. Οὐ μόνον, φησὶν, ἀρνήσασθαί με οὐ πείσεις, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἧττον αὐτὸν ἀγαπῆσαι. Εἰ δὲ αἱ ἄνω δυνάμεις οὐκ ἂν τοῦτο ἴσχυσαν, τίς ἕτερος αὐτὸν μετέστησεν; Οὐχ ὡς δὲ ἐκείνων ἐπιχειρουσῶν, ταῦτά φησιν, ἀλλὰ καθ' ὑπόθεσιν. Διὸ καὶ ἔλεγε: Πέπεισμαι. Οὐκοῦν οὐκ ἐπάλαιεν, ἀλλ' ὅμως φοβεῖται αὐτοῦ τὰς πανουργίας. Ἄκουε γὰρ αὐτοῦ λέγοντος: Φοβοῦμαι, μή πως ὡς ὁ ὄφις Εὔαν ἐξηπάτησεν ἐν τῇ πανουργίᾳ αὐτοῦ, οὕτω φθαρῇ τὰ νοήματα ὑμῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ἁπλότητος τῆς εἰς τὸν Χριστόν. Ναὶ, φησίν: ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὲρ ἑαυτοῦ τούτῳ τῷ ῥήματι κέχρηται, λέγων: Φοβοῦμαι γὰρ, μή πως ἄλλοις κηρύξας, αὐτὸς ἀδόκιμος γένωμαι. Πῶς οὖν πέπεισαι, ὅτι οὐδείς σε χωρίσει; εʹ. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι ταπεινοφροσύνης τὸ ῥῆμά ἐστι καὶ μετριότητος; Ἤδη γὰρ ἐκεῖνος ᾤκει τὸν οὐρανόν: διὸ καὶ ἔλεγεν: Οὐδὲν γὰρ ἐμαυτῷ σύνοιδα: καὶ πάλιν, Τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα. Ὥστε οὐκ εἰς ταῦτα ἐνεπόδιζεν αὐτῷ ὁ διάβολος, ἀλλ' εἰς τὰ τῶν μαθητῶν. Τί δήποτε; Ἐπειδὴ τούτων οὐκ αὐτὸς ἦν κύριος μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡ ἐκείνων προαίρεσις. Ἐκεῖ ἐστιν ὅπου ἐκράτει: μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ ἐκεῖ αὐτοῦ ἐκράτει, ἀλλὰ τῆς ῥᾳθυμίας τῶν μὴ προσεχόντων. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ τὰ παρ' αὐτοῦ μὴ ἐπλήρου, ἢ διὰ νωθείαν, ἢ δι' ἄλλο τι τοιοῦτον, αὐτοῦ ἐκράτει: εἰ δὲ αὐτὸς μὲν πάντα ἔπραττεν, ἐκεῖνοι δὲ οὐκ ἐπείθοντο, οὐκ αὐτοῦ ἐκράτει, ἀλλὰ τῆς ἐκείνων ἀπειθείας: καὶ τὸ νόσημα οὐ τοῦ ἰατροῦ ἐκράτει, ἀλλὰ τῆς ἀταξίας τοῦ κάμνοντος. Ὅταν γὰρ αὐτὸς μὲν πάντα παρασκευάσηται, ἐκεῖνος δὲ πάντα διαφθείρῃ, ἐκεῖνος ἥττηται, οὐχ οὗτος. Ὥστε οὐδαμοῦ ἐκράτησε τοῦ Παύλου. Πλὴν ἀλλ' ἐφ' ἡμῶν ἀγαπητὸν τὸ καὶ δύνασθαι παλαίειν. Ῥωμαίοις μὲν οὐ τοῦτο ἐπεύχεται, ἀλλὰ τί; Συντρίψει τὸν σατανᾶν ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας ὑμῶν ἐν τάχει: καὶ τούτοις οὕτως ἐπεύχεται. Τῷ δυναμένῳ ὑπὲρ πάντα ποιῆσαι ὑπερεκπερισσοῦ, ὧν αἰτούμεθα ἢ νοοῦμεν. Ὁ παλαίων, ἔτι κατέχεται: πλὴν ἀλλ' ἀγαπητὸν καὶ τὸ μὴ πεσεῖν. Τότε ἡ νίκη λαμπρὰ γίνεται, ὅταν ἐξέλθωμεν ἐντεῦθεν. Οἷον, ἔστω τις ἐπιθυμία πονηρά: τὸ μὲν παράδοξον, μηδὲ δέχεσθαι ταύτην, ἀλλὰ σβεννύναι: εἰ δὲ τοῦτο οὐ δυνατὸν, κἂν παλαίωμεν καὶ διαπαντὸς κατέχωμεν: ἂν παλαίοντες ἐξέλθωμεν, νενικήκαμεν. Οὐ γὰρ ὡς ἐπὶ τῶν ἀθλητῶν, οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα: ἐκεῖ μὲν γὰρ ἂν μὴ καταβάλῃς, οὐ νενίκηκας: ἐνταῦθα δὲ ἂν μὴ καταβληθῇς, νενίκηκας: ἂν μὴ καταβληθῇς, κατέβαλες. Εἰκότως: ἐκεῖ μὲν γὰρ ἀμφότεροι ὑπὲρ νίκης σπουδάζουσι, κἂν ὁ ἕτερος καταβληθῇ, ὁ ἕτερος στεφανοῦται: ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλ' ὁ διάβολος ὑπὲρ τῆς ἡμετέρας ἥττης σπουδάζει. Ὅταν οὖν αὐτὸν ἀφέλωμαι τοῦτο ὑπὲρ οὗ σπουδάζει, ἐνίκησα: οὐ γὰρ ὥστε καταβαλεῖν, ἀλλ' ὥστε συγκαταβαλεῖν ἐπείγεται. Ἤδη οὖν νενίκηται: αὐτὸς γὰρ ἤδη βέβληται, καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀπωλείᾳ ἐστιν. Ἡ δὲ νίκη αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐν τῷ στεφανωθῆναι, ἀλλ' ἐν τῷ ἐμὲ ἀπολέσαι: ὥστε ἂν μὴ καταβάλω, μὴ καταβληθῶ δὲ, νενίκηκα. Τίς οὖν ἐστι λαμπρὰ νίκη; Τὸ ἐκ περιουσίας καταπατεῖν αὐτὸν, οἷον ὁ Παῦλος ἐποίει, οὐδὲν ἡγούμενος εἶναι τὰ παρόντα πράγματα. Τοῦτον καὶ ἡμεῖς μιμώμεθα, καὶ σπουδάζωμεν ἀνώτεροι γενέσθαι, καὶ μηδαμόθεν παρέχειν αὐτῷ λαβήν. Ὁ πλοῦτος δίδωσιν αὐτῷ λαβὴν, τὰ χρήματα, ἡ κενοδοξία: καὶ πολλάκις μὲν αὐτὸν ἀνέστησε, πολλάκις δὲ ἠγρίανεν. Ἀλλὰ τίς χρεία πάλης; τίς χρεία συμπλοκῆς; Ὁ συμπλεκόμενος ἄδηλον ἔχει τὸ τέλος, πότερον μὴ ἡττηθείη καὶ αὐτὸς καὶ ἁλώσεται: ὁ δὲ καταπατῶν, δήλην ἔχει τὴν νίκην. Οὐκοῦν καταπατήσωμεν τοῦ διαβόλου τὴν δύναμιν, καταπατήσωμεν τὰς ἁμαρτίας, πάντα λέγω τὰ βιωτικὰ, θυμὸν, ἐπιθυμίαν, ἀλαζονείαν, πάντα τὰ πάθη: ἵνα ἀπελθόντες ἐκεῖ, τὴν ἐξουσίαν, ἣν ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν ὁ Θεὸς, μὴ εὑρεθῶμεν προδιδόντες. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπιτευξόμεθα. Εἰ δὲ περὶ τοῦτο γινόμεθα κακοὶ, τίς ἡμῖν ἐγχειρίσει τὰ μείζονα; Εἰ γὰρ τὸν προσκεκρουκότα, τὸν ἠτιμωμένον, τὸν καταπεφρονημένον, τὸν ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας κείμενον, πατῆσαι οὐκ ἠδυνήθημεν, πῶς ἡμῖν δώσει τὰ πατρῷα ὁ Πατήρ; εἰ τοῦ οὕτως ὑποτεταγμένου οὐ περιεγενόμεθα, ποίαν ἕξομεν παῤῥησίαν εἰς τὴν πατρῴαν εἰσελθεῖν οἰκίαν; Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι: εἴ τινα υἱὸν ἔχοις, ἐκεῖνος δὲ ἀφεὶς τοὺς εὐγνωμονοῦντας τῶν οἰκετῶν, ἀναμιγνύηται τοῖς σε λελυπηκόσι, τοῖς ἐκπεπτωκόσι τῆς πατρῴας οἰκίας, τοῖς περὶ κυβείαν ἠσχολημένοις, καὶ μέχρι τέλους τοῦτο ποιῇ, οὐχὶ ἀποκληρονόμος ἔσται; Εὔδηλον ὅτι. Οὕτω καὶ ἡμεῖς, ἂν ἀφέντες τοὺς εὐηρεστηκότας καὶ τοὺς ἐπιτεταγμένους ἡμῖν ἀγγέλους, ἀναστρεφώμεθα μετὰ τοῦ διαβόλου, πάντως ἀποκληρονόμοι ἐσόμεθα. Ἀλλὰ μὴ γένοιτο τοῦτο μηδένα παθεῖν ἡμῶν, ἀλλὰ τὸν πόλεμον ἀναδεξαμένους τὸν πρὸς αὐτὸν, καὶ νικήσαντας μετὰ τῆς ἄνωθεν συμμαχίας, κληρονόμους γενέσθαι τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν. Εἴ τις ἐχθρὸν ἔχει, εἴ τις ὑπ' αὐτοῦ ἠδίκηται, εἴ τις ἀγριαίνει, πάντα τὸν θυμὸν ἐκεῖνον, πᾶσαν τὴν χαλεπότητα συναγαγὼν κενούτω κατὰ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου κεφαλῆς. Ἐνταῦθα ὁ θυμὸς καλὸν, ἐνταῦθα ἡ ὀργὴ χρήσιμον, ἐνταῦθα ἡ μνησικακία ἐπαινετόν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν ἔξωθεν τοῦτο τὸ μνησικακεῖν κακὸν, οὕτως ἐνταῦθα τὸ μνησικακεῖν ἀγαθόν. Ὥστε εἰ ἐλαττώματα ἔχεις, ἐνταῦθα αὐτὰ ἀποσκεύαζε: εἰ δὲ μὴ δύνασαι αὐτὸς ἀποθέσθαι, κἂν μετὰ τῶν μελῶν τῶν σῶν. Ἔπληξέ σέ τις; Μνησικάκησον τῷ διαβόλῳ, καὶ μηδέποτε καταλύσῃς τὴν ἔχθραν τὴν πρὸς αὐτόν. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔπληξε; Καὶ οὕτω μνησικάκει, ὅτι τὸν Δεσπότην ὕβρισε τὸν σὸν, ὅτι προσέκρουσεν, ὅτι τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς λυμαίνεται καὶ πολεμεῖ. Ἀεὶ ἐχθρὸς ἔσο, ἀεὶ πικρὸς, ἀεὶ ἀνήμερος: οὕτω ταπεινὸς ἔσται ἐκεῖνος, οὕτως εὐκαταφρόνητος, οὕτως εὐχείρωτος. Ἂν ἡμεῖς ἀγριαίνωμεν πρὸς αὐτὸν, ἐκεῖνος οὐκ ἔσται ἡμῖν ἄγριος: ἂν ἡμεῖς ὦμεν ἐπιεικεῖς, τότε ἐκεῖνος ἄγριος ἔσται: οὐχ ὡς ἐπὶ τῶν ἀδελφῶν τῶν ἡμετέρων. Ἐχθρός ἐστι καὶ πολέμιος καὶ τῆς ζωῆς καὶ τῆς σωτηρίας τῆς ἡμετέρας καὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ. Εἰ ἑαυτὸν οὐ φιλεῖ, πῶς ἡμᾶς φιλῆσαι δυνήσεται; Παραταττώμεθα τοίνυν καὶ βάλλωμεν αὐτὸν, ἔχοντες σύμμαχον μέγαν τὸν Κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν, ὃς δυνήσεται καὶ ἡμᾶς ἀχειρώτους ποιῆσαι ταῖς ἐκείνου πάγαις, καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἀξιῶσαι ἀγαθῶν: ὧν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι δόξα, κράτος, τιμὴ, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.