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Réginald Marie Garrigou-Lagrange, Grace, Commentary on the Summa Theologica of St. Thomas
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GRACE: Commentary on the Summa theologica of St. Thomas
Chapter II: QUESTION 109 THE NECESSITY OF GRACE
Chapter III: QUESTION 110 THE GRACE OF GOD WITH RESPECT TO ITS ESSENCE
ARTICLE III. WHETHER GRACE IS IDENTICAL WITH VIRTUE, PARTICULARLY WITH CHARITY
ARTICLE IV. WHETHER HABITUAL GRACE IS IN THE ESSENCE OF THE SOUL AS IN A SUBJECT
Chapter IV: QUESTION 111 THE DIVISIONS OF GRACE
ARTICLE V. WHETHER GRACE GRATIS DATA IS SUPERIOR TO SANCTIFYING GRACE
Chapter V: I. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS: STATE OF THE QUESTION
Chapter VII: EFFICACIOUS GRACE
Chapter VIII: EXCURSUS ON EFFICACIOUS GRACE
Chapter IX: QUESTION 112 THE CAUSE OF GRACE
ARTICLE I. WHETHER GOD ALONE IS THE CAUSE OF GRACE
ARTICLE IV. WHETHER GRACE IS GREATER IN ONE MAN THAN IN ANOTHER
ARTICLE V. WHETHER MAN CAN KNOW THAT HE POSSESSES GRACE
Chapter X: QUESTION 113 THE EFFECTS OF GRACE
Chapter XI: QUESTION 114 MERIT
Up to this point we have considered the necessity, essence, divisions, and cause of grace; now we are to examine its effects, of which the two principal ones are: I. the justification of the wicked, “which is the effect of operative grace,” and merit, which is the effect of cooperative grace.
PART ONE: THE JUSTIFICATION OF THE WICKED, OR SINNERS
There are three parts to this question:
1. What justification is and whether an infusion of grace is necessary for it (a. 1 and 2).
2. The acts required for the justification of adult sinners (a. 3-6), that is, whether it requires a movement of the free will, or of faith or of contrition and the remission of sins.
3. The properties of justification (a.7-10); that is, whether it is brought about instantaneously or whether there is a priority and posteriority of nature in the acts which concur toward it; whether justification is the greatest work of God; whether it is a miracle.