John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Gospel of John

[1.] Beloved, we need great diligence in all things, for we shall render account of and undergo a strict enquiry both of words and works. Our interests stop not with what now is, but a certain other condition of life shall receive us after this, and we shall be brought before a fearful tribunal. “For we must appear before the Judgment-seat of Christ, that every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad.” ( 2 Cor. v. 10.) Let us ever bear in mind this tribunal, that we may thus be enabled at all times to continue in virtue; for as he who has cast out from his soul that day, rushes like a horse that has burst his bridle to precipices, (for “his ways are always defiled”1033 βεβηλοῦνται — Ps. x. 5 ,) and then assigning the reason the Psalmist hath added, “He putteth Thy judgments far away out of his sight”;) so he that always retains this fear will walk soberly. “Remember,” saith one, “thy last things, and thou shalt never do amiss.” ( Ecclus. vii. 40.) For He who now hath remitted our sins, will then sin in judgment; He who hath died for our sake will then appear again to judge all mankind.1034 τὴν φύσιν ἄπασαν “Unto them that look for Him,” saith the Apostle, “shall He appear the second time without sin unto salvation.” ( Heb. ix. 28.) Wherefore in this place also He saith, “My Father judgeth no man, but hath committed all judgment unto the Son; that all men should honor the Son; even as they honor the Father.”

“Shall we then,” saith some one, “also call Him Father?” Away with the thought. He useth the word “Son” that we may honor Him still remaining a Son, as we honor the Father; but he who calleth Him “Father” doth not honor the Son as the Father, but has confounded the whole. Moreover as men are not so much brought to by being benefited as by being punished, on this account He hath spoken thus terribly,1035 al. “since men being benefited are not so sensible of it, He saith ‘ hath given all judgment to ’ Him, in order that,” &c. that even fear may draw them to honor Him. And when He saith “all,” His meaning is this, that He hath power to punish and to honor, and doeth either as He will.1036 al. “to punish and honor all whomsoever He will.” The expression “hath given,” is used that thou mayest not suppose Him not to have been Begotten, and so think that there are two Fathers. For all that the Father is, this the Son is also,1037 al. “all things which belong to the Father, belong also to the Son.” Begotten, and remaining a Son. And that thou mayest learn that “hath given” is the same as “hath begotten,” hear this very thing declared by another place. “As,” saith Christ, “the Father hath life in Himself, so hath He given to the Son to have life in Himself.” ( Ver. 26.) “What then? Did he first beget and then give Him life? For he who giveth, giveth to something which is. Was He then begotten without life?” Not even the devils could imagine this, for it is very foolish as well as impious. As then “hath given life” is “hath begotten Him who is Life,” so, “hath given judgment” is “hath begotten Him who shall be Judge.”

That thou mayest not when thou hearest that He hath the Father for His cause imagine any difference1038 παραλλαγήν of essence or inferiority of honor, He cometh to judge thee, by this proving His Equality.1039 al. “high Birth.” For He who hath authority to punish and to honor whom He will, hath the same Power with the Father. Since, if this be not the case, if having been begotten He afterwards received the honor, how came it that He was afterwards [thus] honored, by what mode of advancement reached He so far as to receive and be appointed to this dignity? Are ye not ashamed thus impudently to apply to that Pure1040 ἀ κηράτῳ Nature which admitteth of no addition these carnal and mean imaginations?

“Why then,” saith some one, “doth Christ so speak?” That His words may be readily received, and to clear the way for sublime sayings; therefore He mixeth these with those, and those with these. And observe how (He doth it); for it is good to see this from the beginning. He said, “My Father worketh, and I work” ( c. v. 17 , &c.): declaring by this their Equality and Equal honor. But they “sought to kill Him.” What doth He then? He lowereth His form of speech indeed, and putteth the same meaning when He saith, “The Son can do nothing of Himself.” Then again He raiseth His discourse to high matters, saying, “What things soever the Father doeth, these also doeth the Son likewise.” Then He returneth to what is lower, “For the Father loveth the Son, and showeth Him all things that Himself doeth; and He will show Him greater things than these.” Then He riseth higher, “For as the Father raiseth up the dead and quickeneth them, even so the Son quickeneth whom He will.” After this again He joineth the high and the low together, “For neither doth the Father judge any one, but hath given all judgment to the Son”; then riseth again, “That all men should honor the Son, even as they honor the Father.” Seest thou how He varieth the discourse, weaving it both of high and low words and expressions, in order that it might be acceptable to the men of that time, and that those who should come after might receive no injury, gaining from the higher part a right opinion of the rest? For if this be not the case, if these sayings were not uttered through condescension, wherefore were the high expressions added? Because one who is entitled to utter great words concerning himself, hath, when he saith anything mean and low, this reasonable excuse, that he doth it for some prudential purpose;1041 οἰκονομίας τινὸς but if one who ought to speak meanly of himself saith anything great, on what account doth he utter words which surpass his nature? This is not for any purpose at all, but an act of extreme impiety.1042 al. “folly.”

[2.] We are therefore able to assign a reason for the lowly expressions, a reason sufficient, and becoming to God, namely, His condescension, His teaching us to be moderate, and the salvation which is thus wrought for us. To declare which He said Himself in another place, “These things I say that ye might be saved.” For when He left His own witness, and betook Himself to that of John, (a thing unworthy of His greatness,) He putteth the reason of such lowliness of language, and saith, “These things I say that ye might be saved.” And ye who assert that He hath not the same authority and power with Him who begat Him, what can ye say when ye hear Him utter words by which He declareth His Authority and Power and Glory equal in respect of the Father? Wherefore, if He be as ye assert very inferior, doth He claim the same honor? Nor doth He stop even here, but goeth on to say,

“He that honoreth not the Son honoreth not the Father which hath sent Him.” Seest thou how the honor of the Son is connected with that of the Father? “What of that?” saith one. “We see the same in the case of the Apostles; ‘He,’ saith Christ, ‘who receiveth you receiveth Me.’” ( Matt. x. 40.) But in that place He speaketh so, because He maketh the concerns of His servants His own; here, because the Essence and the Glory is One (with that of the Father). Therefore1043 al. “Besides.” it is not said of the Apostles “that they may honor,” but rightly He saith, “He that honoreth not the Son honoreth not the Father.” For where there are two kings, if one is insulted the other is insulted also, and especially when he that is insulted is a son. He is insulted even when one of his soldiers is maltreated; not in the same way as in this case, but as it were in the person of another,1044 διὰ μεσίτου while here it is as it were in his own. Wherefore He beforehand said, “That they should honor the Son even as they honor the Father,” in order that when He should say, “He that honoreth not the Son honoreth not the Father,” thou mightest understand that the honor is the same. For He saith not merely, “he that honoreth not the Son,” but “he that honoreth Him not so as I have said” “honoreth not the Father.”

“And how,” saith one, “can he that sendeth and he that is sent be of the same essence?” Again, thou bringest down the argument to carnal things, and perceivest not that all this has been said for no other purpose, but that we might know Him to be The Cause,1045 τὸν αἴτιον and not fall into the error1046 νόσον of Sabellius, and that in this manner the infirmity of the Jews might be healed, so that He might not be deemed an enemy of God;1047 For from their extreme senselessness He was counted among them an enemy of God. Morel. for they said, “This man is not of God” ( c. ix. 16 ), “This man hath not come from God.” Now to remove this suspicion, high sayings did not contribute so much as the lowly, and therefore continually and everywhere He said that He had been “sent”; not that thou mightest suppose that expression to be1048 al. “not that He might by this show any lessening,” &c. any lessening of His greatness, but in order to stop their mouths. And for this cause also He constantly betaketh Himself to the Father, interposing moreover mention of His own high Parentage.1049 al. “absolute power.” For had He said all in proportion to His dignity, the Jews would not have received His words, since because of a few such expressions, they persecuted and oftentimes stoned Him; and if looking wholly to them He had used none but low expressions, many in after times might have been harmed. Wherefore He mingleth and blendeth1050 κιρνᾶ, generally of mixing wine with water. His teaching, both by these lowly sayings stopping, as I said, the mouths of the Jews, and also by expressions suited to His dignity banishing1051 al. “correcting.” from men of sense any mean notion of what He had said, and proving that such a notion did not in any wise apply to Him at all.

The expression “having been sent” denoteth change of place—but God is everywhere present. Wherefore then saith He that He was “sent”? He speaketh in an earthly1052 παχύτερα way,1053 Morel. reads: “for this reason He doth not decline to use a more earthly expression, declaring,” &c. declaring His unanimity with the Father. At least He shapeth His succeeding words with a desire to effect this.

Ver. 24. “Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that heareth My word, and believeth on Him that sent Me, hath everlasting life.”

Seest thou how continually He putteth the same thing to cure that feeling of suspicion, both in this place and in what follows by fear and by promises of blessings removing their jealousy of Him, and then again condescending greatly in words? For He said not, “he that heareth My words, and believeth on Me,” since they would have certainly deemed that to be pride, and a superfluous pomp of words; because, if after a very long time, and ten thousand miracles, they suspected this when He spake after this manner, much more would they have done so then. It was on this account that at that later period1054 τότε they said to Him, “Abraham is dead, and the prophets are dead, how sayest Thou,1055 σὺ λέγεις, G. T. If a man keep My saying, he shall never taste of death?” ( c. viii. 52.) In order therefore that they may not here also become furious, see what He saith, “He that heareth My word, and believeth on Him that sent Me, hath everlasting life.” This had no small effect in making His discourse acceptable, when they learned that those who hear Him believe in the Father also; for after having received this with readiness, they would more easily receive the rest. So that the very speaking in a humble manner contributed and led the way to higher things; for after saying, “hath everlasting life,” He addeth,

“And cometh not into judgment, but is passed from death unto life.”

By these two things He maketh His discourse acceptable; first, because it is the Father who is believed on, and then, because the believer enjoyeth many blessings. And the “cometh not into judgment” meaneth, “is not punished,” for He speaketh not of death “here,” but of death eternal, as also of the other “life” which is deathless.

Ver. 25. “Verily, verily, I say unto you, the hour cometh, and now is, when the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God: and they that have heard shall live.”

Having said the words, He speaketh also of the proof by deeds.1056 Morel. reads: “He spake those great things in words, afterwards He desireth to prove them by works also.” For when He had said, “As the Father raiseth up the dead and quickeneth them, even so the Son quickeneth whom He will,” that the thing may not seem to be mere boasting and pride, He affordeth proof1057 al. “truth.” by works, saying, “The hour cometh”; then, that thou mayest not deem that the time is long, He addeth, “and now is, when the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God, and they that have heard shall live.” Seest thou here His absolute and unutterable authority? For as it shall be in the Resurrection, even so, He saith, it shall be “now.” Then too when we hear His voice commanding us we are raised; for, saith the Apostle, “at the command of God the dead shall arise.”1058 1 Thess. iv. 16 [not verbally quoted]. “And whence,” perhaps some one will ask, “is it clear that the words are not mere boast?” From what He hath added, “and now is”; because had His promises referred only to some future time, His discourse would have been suspected by them, but now He supplieth them with a proof: “While I,” saith He, “am tarrying among you, this thing shall come to pass”; and He would not, had He not possessed the power, have promised for that time, lest through the promise He should incur the greater ridicule. Then too He addeth an argument demonstrative of His assertions, saying,

Ver. 26. “For as the Father hath life in Himself, so hath He given to the Son to have life in Himself.”

[3.] Seest thou that this declareth a perfect likeness save in one1059 τὸ ἀπαράλλακτον καὶ ἑνὶ μόνῳ τὴν διαφορὰν ἐμφαῖνον point, which is the One being a Father, and the Other a Son? for the expression “hath given,” merely introduceth this distinction, but declareth that all the rest is equal and exactly alike. Whence it is clear that the Son doeth all things with as much authority and power as the Father, and that He is not empowered from some other source, for He “hath life” so as the Father hath. And on this account, what comes after is straightway added, that from this we may understand the other also. What is this then? It is,

Ver. 27. “Hath given Him authority to execute judgment also.”

And wherefore doth He continually1060 ἄ νω καὶ κάτω dwell upon “resurrection” and “judgment”? For He saith, “As the Father raiseth up the dead and quickeneth them, even so the Son quickeneth whom He will”: and again, “the Father judgeth no man, but hath committed all judgment to the Son”: and again, “As the Father hath life in Himself so hath He given to the Son to have life in Himself”; and again, “They that have heard [the Voice of the Son of God] shall live”; and here again, “Hath given to Him authority to execute judgment.” Wherefore doth He dwell on these things continually? I mean, on “judgment,” and “life,” and “resurrection”? It is because these subjects are able most of any to attract even the obstinate hearer. For the man who is persuaded that he shall both rise again and shall give account to Christ1061 τούτῳ of his transgressions, even though he have seen no other sign, yet having admitted this, will surely run to Him to propitiate his Judge.

“That He is the Son of Man ( v. 28 ), marvel not at this.”

Paul of Samosata rendereth it not so; but how? “Hath given Him authority to execute judgment, ‘because’ He is the Son of Man.”1062 As in our Auth. Version. Now the passage thus read is inconsequent, for He did not receive judgment “because” He was man, (since then what hindered all men from being judges,) but because He is the Son of that Ineffable Essence, therefore is He Judge. So we must read, “That He is the Son of Man, marvel not at this.” For when what He said seemed to the hearers inconsistent, and they deemed Him nothing more than mere man, while His words were greater than suited man, yea, or even angel, and were proper to God only, to solve this objection He addeth,

Ver. 28, 29. “Marvel not [that He is the Son of Man,1063 τοῦτο, G. T.] for the hour is coming in the which they1064 πάντες, G. T. that are in the tombs shall hear His voice and shall go forth, they that have done good to the resurrection of life, and they that have done evil to the resurrection of judgment.”

And wherefore said He not, “Marvel not that He is the Son of Man, for He is also the Son of God,” but rather mentioned the “resurrection”? He did indeed put this above, by saying, “shall hear the Voice of the Son of God.” And if here He is silent on the matter, wonder not; for after mentioning a work which was proper to God, He then permitteth His hearers to collect from it that He was God, and the Son of God. For had this been continually asserted by Himself, it would at that time have offended them, but when proved by the argument of miracles, it rendered His doctrine less burdensome. So they who put together syllogisms, when having laid down their premises1065 τὰ μέρη they have fairly1066 γενναίως proved the point in question, frequently do not draw the conclusion themselves, but to render their hearers more fairly disposed, and to make their victory more evident, cause the opponent himself to give the verdict, so that the by-standers may the rather agree with them when their opponents decide in their favor. When therefore He mentioned the resurrection of Lazarus, He spake not of the Judgment (for it was not for this that Lazarus arose); but when He spake generally He also added, that “they that have done good shall go forth unto the resurrection of life, and they that have done evil unto the resurrection of judgment.” Thus also John led on his hearers by speaking of the Judgment, and that “he that believeth not on the Son, shall not see life, but the wrath of God abideth on him” ( c. iii. 36 ): so too Himself led on Nicodemus: “He that believeth on the Son,” He said to him, “is not judged, but he that believeth not is judged already” ( c. iii. 18 ); and so here He mentioneth the Judgment-seat1067 δικαστήριον and the punishment which shall follow upon evil deeds. For because He had said above, “He that heareth My words and believeth on Him that sent Me,” “is not judged,” lest any one should imagine that this alone is sufficient for salvation, He addeth also the result of man’s life,1068 τὰ ἐκ τοῦ βίου declaring that “they which have done good shall come forth unto the resurrection of life, and they that have done evil unto the resurrection of judgment.” Since then He had said that all the world should render account to Him, and that all at His Voice should rise again, a thing new and strange and even now disbelieved by many who seem to have believed, not to say by the Jews at that time, hear how He goeth to prove it, again condescending to the infirmity of His hearers.

Ver. 30. “I can of Mine own self do nothing; as I hear I judge, and My judgment is just, because I seek not Mine own will, but the will of Him1069 τοὺ Πατρὸς, G. T. which sent Me.”

Although He had but lately given no trifling proof of the Resurrection by bracing1070 σφίγξας the paralytic; on which account also He had not spoken of the Resurrection before He had done what fell little short of resurrection. And the Judgment He hinted at after He had braced the body, by saying, “Behold, thou art made whole, sin no more, lest a worse thing come unto thee”; yet still He proclaimed beforehand the resurrection of Lazarus and of the world. And when He had spoken of these two, that of Lazarus which should come to pass almost immediately, and that of the inhabited world which should be long after, He confirmeth the first by the paralytic and by the nearness of the time, saying, “The hour cometh and now is”; the other by the raising of Lazarus, by what had already come to pass bringing before their sight what had not yet done so. And this we may observe Him do everywhere, putting (forth) two or three predictions, and always confirming the future by the past.

[4.] Yet after saying and doing so much, since they still were very weak1071 al. “even thus too gross.” He is not content, but by other expressions calms their disputatious temper,1072 al. “shamelessness.” saying, “I can of Myself do nothing; as I hear I judge, and My judgment is just, because I seek not Mine own will, but the will of Him which sent Me.” For since He appeared to make some assertions strange and varying from those of the Prophets, (for they said that it is God who judgeth all the earth, that is, the human race; and this truth David everywhere loudly proclaimed, “He shall judge the people in righteousness,” and, “God is a righteous Judge, strong and patient” ( Ps. xcvi. 10, and Ps. vii. 11 , LXX.); as did all the Prophets and Moses; but Christ said, “The Father judgeth no man, but hath committed all judgment to the Son”:1073 al. “I am [He] who judge.” an expression which was sufficient to perplex a Jew who heard it, and to make him in turn suspect Christ of being an enemy of God,) He here greatly condescendeth in His speech, and as far as their infirmity requireth, in order to pluck up by the roots this pernicious opinion, and saith, “I can of Myself do nothing”; that is, “nothing strange, or unlike,1074 παρηλλαγμένον or what the Father desireth not will ye see done or hear said by Me.” And having before declared that He was “the Son of Man,” and because they1075 So Morel. and ms. in Bodl. Savile reads, “having shown that they,” &c. supposed Him to be a man at that time, so also He putteth [His expressions] here. As then when He said above, “We speak that we have heard, and testify that we have seen”; and when John said, “What He hath seen He testifieth, and no man receiveth His testimony” ( c. iii. 32 ); both expressions are used respecting exact knowledge, not concerning hearing and seeing merely; so in this place when He speaketh of “hearing,” He declareth nothing else than that it is impossible for Him to desire anything, save what the Father desireth. Still He said not so plainly, (for they would not as yet have at once received it on hearing it thus asserted;) and how? in a manner very condescending and befitting a mere man, “As I hear I judge.” Again He useth these words in this place, not with reference to “instruction,” (for He said not, “as I am taught,” but “as I hear”;) nor as though He needed to listen, (for not only did He not require to be taught, but He needed not even to listen;) but it was to declare the Unanimity and Identity of [His and the Father’s] decision, as though He had said, “So I judge, as if it were the Father Himself that judged.” Then He addeth, “and I know that My judgment is just, because I seek not Mine own will, but the will of Him that sent Me.” What sayest Thou? Hast Thou a will different from that of the Father? Yet in another place He saith, “As I and Thou are One,” (speaking of will and unanimity,) “grant to these also that they may be one in Us” ( c. xvii. 21 ; not verbally quoted); that is, “in faith concerning Us.” Seest thou that the words which seem most humble are those which conceal a high meaning? For what He implieth is of this kind: not that the will of the Father is one, and His own another; but that, “as one will in one mind, so is Mine own will and My Father’s.”

And marvel not that He hath asserted so close a conjunction; for with reference to the Spirit also Paul hath used this illustration: “What man knoweth the things of a man, save the spirit of man which is in him? even so the things of God knoweth no man, but the Spirit of God.” Thus Christ’s meaning is no other than this: “I have not a will different and apart from that of the Father,1076 According to Savile’s conjectural reading, παρὰ τὸ τοῦ Π. in place of παρὰ τοῦ Π. for which there is also ms. authority. but if He desireth anything, then I also; if I, then He also. As therefore none could object to the Father judging, so neither may any to Me, for the sentence of Each1077 al. “each sentence.” is given from the same Mind.” And if He uttereth these words rather as a man, marvel not, seeing that they still deemed Him to be mere man. Therefore in passages like these it is necessary not merely to enquire into the meaning of the words, but also to take into account the suspicion of the hearers, and listen to what is said as being addressed to that suspicion. Otherwise many difficulties will follow. Consider for instance, He saith, “I seek not Mine own will”: according to this then His will is different (from that of the Father), is imperfect, nay, not merely imperfect, but even unprofitable. “For if it be saving, if it agree with that of the Father, wherefore dost Thou not seek it?” Mortals might with reason say so because they have many wills contrary to what seemeth good to the Father, but Thou, wherefore sayest Thou this, who art in all things like the Father? for this none would say is the language even of a “man” made perfect and crucified. For if Paul so blended himself1078 ἐ κέρασε with the will of God as to say, “I live, yet no longer I, but Christ liveth in me” ( Gal. ii. 20 ), how saith the Lord of all, “I seek not Mine own will, but the will of Him that sent Me,” as though that will were different? What then is His meaning? He applieth1079 al. “brings forward.” His discourse as if the case were that of a mere man, and suiteth His language to the suspicion of His hearers. For when He had, by what had gone before, given proof of His sayings, speaking partly as God, partly as a mere man, He again as a man endeavoreth to establish1080 κατασκευάζει the same, and saith, “My judgment is just.” And whence is this seen? “Because I seek not Mine own will, but the will of Him that sent Me.” “For as in the case of men, he that is free from selfishness cannot be justly charged with having given an unfair decision, so neither will ye now be able to accuse Me. He that desireth to establish his own, may perhaps by many be suspected of corrupting justice with this intent; but he that looketh not to his own, what reason can he have for not deciding justly? Apply now this reasoning to My case. Had I said that I was not sent by the Father, had I not referred to Him the glory of what was done, some of you might perhaps have suspected that desiring to gain honor for Myself, I said the thing that is not; but if I impute and refer what is done to another, wherefore and whence can ye have cause to suspect My words?” Seest thou how He confirmed His discourse, and asserted that “His judgment was just” by an argument which any common man might have used in defending himself? Seest thou how what I have often said is clearly visible? What is that? It is that the exceeding humility of the expressions most persuadeth men of sense not to receive the words off hand1081 ἐ κ προχείρου and then fall down [into low thoughts], but rather to take pains that they reach to the height of their meaning; this humility too with much ease then raiseth up those who were once groveling on the ground.

Now bearing all this in mind, let us not, I exhort you, carelessly pass by Christ’s words, but enquire closely into them all, everywhere considering the reason of what has been said; and let us not deem that ignorance and simplicity will be sufficient to excuse us, for He hath bidden us not merely to be “harmless,” but “wise.” ( Matt. x. 16.) Let us therefore practice wisdom with simplicity, both as to doctrines and the right actions1082 κατορθωμάτων of our lives; let us judge ourselves here, that we be not condemned with the world hereafter;1083 τότε let us act towards our fellow-servants as we desire our Master to act towards us: for (we say), “Forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.” ( Matt. vi. 12.) I know that the smitten soul endureth not meekly, but if we consider that by so doing we do a kindness not to him who hath grieved us but to ourselves, we shall soon let go the venom of our wrath; for he who forgave not the hundred pence to him who had transgressed against him, wronged not his fellow-servant but himself, by rendering himself liable for the ten thousand talents of which he had before received forgiveness. ( Matt. xviii. 30-34.) When therefore we forgive not others, we forgive not ourselves. And so let us not merely say to God, “remember not our offenses”; but let each also say to himself, “let us not remember the offenses of our fellow-servants done against us.” For thou first givest judgment on thine own sins, and God judgeth after;1084 ἕ πεται thou proposest the law concerning remission and punishment, thou declarest thy decision on these matters, and therefore whether God shall or shall not remember, rests with thee. For which cause Paul biddeth us “forgive, if any One hath cause of complaint against any” ( Col. iii. 13 ), and not simply forgive, but so that not even any remnants be left behind. Since Christ not only did not publish our transgressions, but did not put us the transgressors in mind of them, nor say, “in such and such things hast thou offended,” but remitted and blotted out the handwriting, not reckoning our offenses, as Paul hath also declared. ( Col. ii. 14.) Let us too do this; let us wipe away all [trespasses against us] from our minds; and if any good thing hath been done to us by him that hath grieved us, let us only reckon that; but if anything grievous and hard to bear, let us cast it forth and blot it out, so that not even a vestige of it remain. And if no good has been done us by him, so much the greater recompense and higher credit will be ours if we forgive. Others by watching, by making the earth their bed, by ten thousand hardships, wipe away their sins, but thou by an easier way, I mean by not remembering wrongs, mayest cause all thy trespasses to disappear. Why then thrustest thou the sword against thyself, as do mad and frantic men, and banishest thyself from the life which is to come, when thou oughtest to use every means to attain unto it? For if this present life be so desirable, what can one say of that other from which pain, and grief, and mourning, have fled away? There it needs not to fear death, nor imagine any end to those good things. Blessed, thrice blessed, yea, and this many times over, are they who enjoy that blessed rest, while they are miserable, thrice miserable, yea, ten thousand times miserable, who have cast themselves forth from that blessedness. “And what,” saith some one, “is it that maketh us to enjoy that life?” Hear the Judge Himself conversing with a certain young man on this matter. When the young man said, “What shall I do to inherit eternal life?” ( Matt. xix. 16 ) Christ, after repeating to him the other commandments, ended with the love of his neighbor. Perhaps like that rich man some of my hearers will say, “that we also have kept these, for we neither have robbed, nor killed, nor committed adultery”; yet assuredly thou wilt not be able to say this, that thou hast loved thy neighbor as thou oughtest to have loved him. For if a man hath envied or spoken evil of another, if he hath not helped him when injured, or not imparted to him of his substance, then neither hath he loved him. Now Christ hath commanded not only this, but something besides. What then is this? “Sell,” he saith, “that thou hast, and give to the poor; and come, follow Me” ( Matt. xix. 21 ): terming the imitating Him in our actions “following” Him. What learn we hence? First, that he who hath not all these things cannot attain unto the chief places in “that” rest. For after the young man had said, “All these things have I done,” Christ, as though some great thing were wanting to his being perfectly approved, replied, “If thou wilt be perfect, sell that thou hast, and give to the poor: and come, follow Me.” First then we may learn this; secondly, that Christ rebuked the man for his vain boast; for one who lived in such superfluity, and regarded not others living in poverty, how could he love his neighbor? So that neither in this matter did he speak truly. But let us do both the one and the other of these things; let us be eager to empty out our substance, and to purchase heaven. Since if for worldly honor men have often expended their whole possessions, an honor which was to stay here below, and even here not to stay by us long, (for many even much before their deaths have been stripped of their supremacy, and others because of it have often lost their lives, and yet, although aware of this, they expend all for its sake;) if now they do so much for this kind of honor, what can be more wretched than we if for the sake of that honor which abideth and which cannot be taken from us we will not give up even a little, nor supply to others those things which in a short time while yet here we shall leave? What madness must it be, when it is in our power voluntarily to give to others, and so to take with us those things of which we shall even against our will be deprived, to refuse to do so? Yet if a man were being led to death, and it were proposed to him to give up all his goods and so go free, we should think a favor was conferred upon him; and shall we, who are being led on the way to the pit, shall we, when it is allowed us to give up half and be free, prefer to be punished, and uselessly to retain what is not ours even to the losing what is so? What excuse shall we have, what claim for pardon, who, when so easy a road has been cut for us unto life, rush down precipices, and travel along an unprofitable path, depriving ourselves of all things both here and hereafter, when we might enjoy both in security? If then we did not so before, let us at least stop now; and coming to ourselves, let us rightly dispose of things present, that we may easily receive those which are to come, through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, with whom to the Father and the Holy Ghost be glory, for ever and ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΛΘʹ. Ὁ Πατήρ μου οὐ κρίνει οὐδένα, ἀλλὰ τὴν κρίσιν πᾶσαν δέδωκε τῷ Υἱῷ, ἵνα πάντες τιμῶσι τὸν Υἱὸν, καθὼς τιμῶσι τὸν Πατέρα. αʹ. Πολλῆς ἡμῖν δεῖ τῆς σπουδῆς ἐν ἅπασιν, ἀγαπητοί. Καὶ γὰρ λόγον δώσομεν, καὶ εὐθύνας ὑφέξομεν ἀκριβεῖς, καὶ ῥημάτων καὶ πραγμάτων. Οὐ γὰρ μέχρι τοῦ παρόντος τὰ ἡμέτερα ἕστηκεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑτέρα τις ἡμᾶς ἐντεῦθεν ἐκδέξεται ζωῆς κατάστασις, καὶ δικαστηρίῳ παραστησόμεθα φοβερῷ. Δεῖ γὰρ ἡμᾶς παραστῆναι ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ βήματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ, φησὶ Παῦλος, ἵνα κομίσηται ἕκαστος τὰ διὰ τοῦ σώματος, πρὸς ἃ ἔπραξεν, εἴτε ἀγαθὸν, εἴτε κακόν. Τοῦτο τοίνυν τὸ δικαστήριον ἐννοῶμεν ἀεὶ, καὶ οὕτω διὰ παντὸς τοῦ χρόνου δυνησόμεθα εἶναι ἐν ἀρετῇ. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ τῆς ψυχῆς ἐκβαλὼν τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην, καθάπερ ἵππος τὸν χαλινὸν ἀποῤῥήξας, εἰς κρημνοὺς φέρεται (Βεβηλοῦνται γὰρ, φησὶν, αἱ ὁδοὶ αὐτοῦ ἐν παντὶ καιρῷ: διὸ καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν τιθεὶς, ἐπήγαγεν: Ἀνταναιρεῖται τὰ κρίματά σου ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ): οὕτως ὁ διαπαντὸς τοῦτον ἔχων τὸν φόβον, σωφρόνως βαδιεῖται. Ἀναμιμνήσκου γὰρ, φησὶ, τὰ ἔσχατά σου, καὶ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα οὐ μὴ ἁμαρτήσεις. Ὁ γὰρ ἀφεὶς ἡμῖν τὰ ἁμαρτήματα νῦν, οὗτος καθεδεῖται δικάζων τότε: ὁ ἀποθανὼν δι' ἡμᾶς, οὗτος φανεῖται πάλιν κρίνων τὴν φύσιν ἅπασαν. Ἐκ δευτέρου γὰρ, φησὶ, χωρὶς ἁμαρτίας ὀφθήσεται τοῖς αὐτὸν ἀπεκδεχομένοις εἰς σωτηρίαν. Διὸ καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἔλεγεν: Ὁ Πατήρ μου οὐ κρίνει οὐδένα, ἀλλὰ τὴν κρίσιν πᾶσαν δέδωκε τῷ Υἱῷ, ἵνα πάντες τιμῶσι τὸν Υἱὸν, καθὼς τιμῶσι τὸν Πατέρα. Οὐκοῦν καὶ Πατέρα αὐτὸν προσεροῦμεν, φησίν; Ἄπαγε. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο εἶπε, Τὸν Υἱὸν, ἵνα μένοντα Υἱὸν τιμῶμεν ὡς τὸν Πατέρα. Ὁ δὲ Πατέρα αὐτὸν λέγων οὐκ ἔτι τὸν Υἱὸν ὡς Πατέρα ἐτίμησεν, ἀλλὰ τὸ πᾶν συνέχεεν. Ἐπεὶ τοίνυν εὐεργετούμενοι οἱ ἄνθρωποι, οὐχ οὕτω προσάγονται ὡς τιμωρούμενοι, διὰ τοῦτο οὕτως εἶπε φοβερῶς, ἵνα κἂν ὁ φόβος εἰς τιμὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐπισπάσηται. Πᾶσαν δὲ ὅταν εἴπῃ, τοῦτο λέγει, ὅτι καὶ τοῦ κολάζειν καὶ τοῦ τιμᾷν κύριός ἐστι, καὶ ἑκάτερα ποιεῖν ὡς ἂν ἐθέλῃ. Τὸ δὲ, Ἔδωκεν, εἴρηται, ἵνα μὴ ἀγέννητον αὐτὸν ὑποπτεύσῃς, μηδὲ δύο Πατέρας εἶναι νομίσῃς. Πάντα γὰρ ὅσα ἐστὶν ὁ Πατὴρ, ταῦτά ἐστι καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς, γεννηθεὶς, καὶ μένων ἐν τῷ εἶναι Υἱός. Καὶ ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι τὸ, Ἔδωκεν, ἴσον τῷ ἐγέννησεν, ἐστὶν, ἄκουσον ἐξ ἑτέρου τοῦτο αὐτὸ δηλούμενον. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ ἔχει ζωὴν ἐν ἑαυτῷ, φησὶν, οὕτως ἔδωκε καὶ τῷ Υἱῷ ζωὴν ἔχειν ἐν ἑαυτῷ. Τί οὖν; πρότερον αὐτὸν ἐγέννησε, καὶ τότε ἔδωκε τὴν ζωήν; Ὁ γὰρ διδοὺς, ὄντι τινὶ δίδωσιν. Οὐκοῦν ἦν τῆς ζωῆς χωρὶς γεννηθείς; Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο οὐδ' ἂν δαίμονες ὑποπτεύσαιεν: μετὰ γὰρ τῆς ἀσεβείας πολὺ καὶ τὸ ἀνόητον ἔχει. Ὥσπερ οὖν τὸ, Ἔδωκε ζωὴν, ἐγέννησεν αὐτὸν ζωήν ἐστιν: οὕτω καὶ τὸ Ἔδωκε κρίσιν, κριτὴν αὐτόν ἐστιν ἐγέννησεν. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ, ἀκούων ὅτι αἴτιον ἔχει τὸν Πατέρα, παραλλαγὴν οὐσίας νομίσῃς καὶ τιμῆς ἐλάττωσιν, αὐτὸς ἔρχεταί σε κρίνων, τὴν ἰσότητα καὶ ἐντεῦθεν δεικνύς. Ὁ γὰρ ἔχων ἐξουσίαν κολάζειν καὶ τιμᾷν οὓς βούλεται, τὰ αὐτὰ δύναται τῷ Πατρί. Ἐπεὶ εἰ μὴ τοῦτό ἐστιν, ἀλλ' ὕστερον γεννηθεὶς ἔλαβε τὴν τιμὴν, τί γέγονεν ὥστε αὐτὸν ὕστερον τιμηθῆναι; ἐκ ποίας ἐπὶ τοῦτο ἦλθε προκοπῆς ὥστε τὴν ἀξίαν ταύτην λαβεῖν καὶ χειροτονηθῆναι; Οὐκ αἰσχύνεσθε τὰ ἀνθρώπινα ταῦτα καὶ εὐτελῆ νοήματα τῇ ἀκηράτῳ φύσει καὶ οὐδὲν ἐπείσακτον ἐχούσῃ ἀναισχύντως οὕτως ἐπεισάγοντες; Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν οὕτω φθέγγεται, φησίν; Ὥστε εὐπαράδεκτον γενέσθαι τὸν λόγον, καὶ τοῖς ὑψηλοῖς προοδοποιῆσαι ῥήμασι. Διὰ τοῦτο ἀναμίγνυσι ταῦτα ἐκείνοις, κἀκεῖνα τούτοις. Καὶ ὅρα πῶς: καλὸν γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ταῦτα ἰδεῖν. Εἶπεν, Ὁ Πατήρ μου ἐργάζεται, κἀγὼ ἐργάζομαι: δεικνὺς ἐκ τούτου τὸ ἴσον καὶ τὸ ὁμότιμον: Καὶ ἐζήτουν αὐτὸν ἀποκτεῖναι. Τί λοιπὸν ποιεῖ; Τῇ λέξει μὲν καθυφίησι, τὰ νοήματα δὲ τὰ αὐτὰ τίθησιν, οὕτω λέγων: Οὐ δύναται ὁ Υἱὸς ποιεῖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ οὐδέν. Εἶτα πάλιν ἐπὶ τὰ ὑψηλὰ ἀνάγει τὸν λόγον: Ἃ γὰρ ἂν ἐκεῖνος ποιῇ, ταῦτα καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ὁμοίως ποιεῖ, λέγων. Εἶτα πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ταπεινότερον: Ὁ γὰρ Πατὴρ ἀγαπᾷ τὸν Υἱὸν, καὶ πάντα δείκνυσιν αὐτῷ ἃ αὐτὸς ποιεῖ: καὶ μείζονα τούτων δείξει αὐτῷ. Εἶτα πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ὑψηλότερον: Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐγείρει τοὺς νεκροὺς καὶ ζωοποιεῖ, οὕτω καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς οὓς θέλει ζωοποιεῖ. Καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ταπεινὸν ὁμοῦ καὶ ὑψηλόν: Οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ κρίνει οὐδένα, ἀλλὰ τὴν κρίσιν πᾶσαν ἔδωκε τῷ Υἱῷ. Εἶτα ἐπὶ τὸ ὑψηλότερον: Ἵνα πάντες τιμῶσι τὸν Υἱὸν, καθὼς τιμῶσι τὸν Πατέρα. Εἶδες πῶς τὸν λόγον ποικίλλει, δι' ὑψηλῶν τε καὶ ταπεινῶν αὐτὸν ὑφαίνων ὀνομάτων τε καὶ ῥημάτων, ὥστε καὶ τοῖς τότε γενέσθαι εὐπαράδεκτον, καὶ τοὺς μετὰ ταῦτα μηδὲν βλαβῆναι, ἀπὸ τῶν ὑψηλῶν καὶ περὶ τῶν ἑτέρων τὴν προσήκουσαν λαβόντας ἔννοιαν; Εἰ γὰρ μὴ τοῦτό ἐστι, μηδὲ συγκαταβάσεως ἕνεκεν εἴρηται τὰ εἰρημένα, τίνος ἕνεκεν τὰ ὑψηλὰ προσέκειτο; Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ὀφείλων μεγάλα περὶ ἑαυτοῦ φθέγγεσθαι, ὅταν μικρόν τι εἴπῃ καὶ ταπεινὸν, πρόφασιν εὐπρόσωπον ἔχει, οἰκονομίας τινὸς ἕνεκεν τοῦτο ποιῶν: ὁ δὲ εὐτελῆ λέγειν ὀφείλων περὶ ἑαυτοῦ, ἂν μέγα τι εἴπῃ, τίνος ἕνεκεν τὰ ὑπερβαίνοντα αὐτοῦ τὴν φύσιν φθέγγεται; Τοῦτο γὰρ οὐκ ἔτι οἰκονομίας τινὸς, ἀλλ' ἐσχάτης ἀσεβείας ἐστίν. βʹ. Ὥστε ἡμεῖς μὲν δικαίαν καὶ τῷ Θεῷ πρέπουσαν αἰτίαν ἔχομεν εἰπεῖν τῶν ταπεινῶν ῥημάτων, τὴν συγκατάβασιν, καὶ τὸ παιδεύειν μετριάζειν, καὶ τὴν διὰ ταύτης ἡμῖν οἰκονομουμένην σωτηρίαν: ὃ καὶ αὐτὸς δηλῶν ἀλλαχοῦ ἔλεγε: Ταῦτα δὲ λέγω, ἵνα ὑμεῖς σωθῆτε. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἰς τὴν Ἰωάννου κατέφυγε μαρτυρίαν, τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀφεὶς (ὅπερ ἀνάξιον αὐτοῦ τῆς μεγαλωσύνης ἦν): τῆς εὐτελείας τῆς τοσαύτης τῶν ῥημάτων τιθεὶς τὴν αἰτίαν, εἶπε τὸ, Ταῦτα δὲ λέγω, ἵνα ὑμεῖς σωθῆτε. Ὑμεῖς δὲ οἱ λέγοντες μὴ ἔχειν αὐτὸν τὴν αὐτὴν ἐξουσίαν καὶ τὴν δύναμιν τῷ γεγεννηκότι, τί ἂν εἴπητε ὅταν ἀκούσητε αὐτοῦ φθεγγομένου, δι' ὧν ἴσην δείκνυσι τὴν πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα καὶ δύναμιν καὶ ἐξουσίαν καὶ δόξαν; Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν τιμὴν ἀπαιτεῖ, σφόδρα καταδεέστερος ὢν, ὤς φατε; Καὶ οὐδὲ ἐνταῦθα ἵσταται, οὕτως εἰπὼν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπάγει λέγων: Ὁ μὴ τιμῶν τὸν Υἱὸν, οὐ τιμᾷ τὸν Πατέρα τὸν πέμψαντα αὐτόν. Ὁρᾷς πῶς συμπέπλεκται ἡ τιμὴ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τῇ τιμῇ τοῦ Πατρός; Καὶ τί τοῦτο, φησί; Τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων ἔστιν ἰδεῖν: Ὁ γὰρ δεχόμενος, φησὶν, ὑμᾶς, ἐμὲ δέχεται. Ἀλλ' ἐκεῖ μὲν, ἐπειδὴ τὰ τῶν δούλων οἰκειοῦται τῶν ἑαυτοῦ, διὰ τοῦτο οὕτως εἶπεν: ἐνταῦθα δὲ, ἐπειδὴ μία ἐστὶν ἡ οὐσία καὶ ἡ δόξα. Ἄλλως δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων οὐκ εἴρηται, ἵνα τιμῶσι. Καλῶς δὲ εἶπεν, Ὁ μὴ τιμῶν τὸν Υἱὸν, οὐ τιμᾷ τὸν Πατέρα. Καὶ γὰρ εἰ δύο βασιλέων ὄντων ὁ εἷς ὑβρίζοιτο, συνυβρίζεται καὶ ὁ ἕτερος, καὶ μάλιστα ὅταν ὁ ὑβριζόμενος υἱὸς ᾖ. Ὑβρίζεται μὲν γὰρ καὶ ὁπλίτου παροινηθέντος: ἀλλ' οὐχ ὁμοίως, ἀλλ' ὡς διὰ μεσίτου. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλ' ὡς δι' ἑαυτοῦ. Διὰ τοῦτο προλαβὼν εἶπεν, Ἵνα τιμῶσι τὸν Υἱὸν, καθὼς τιμῶσι τὸν Πατέρα: ἵνα, ὅταν εἴπῃ, Ὁ μὴ τιμῶν τὸν Υἱὸν, οὐ τιμᾷ τὸν Πατέρα, τὴν αὐτὴν ἐννοήσῃς τιμήν. Οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς, Ὁ μὴ τιμῶν, ἀλλ', Ὁ μὴ τιμῶν οὕτως ὡς εἶπον, φησὶν, οὐ τιμᾶ τὸν Πατέρα. Καὶ πῶς, φησὶ, τῆς αὐτῆς οὐσίας ὁ πέμπων καὶ ὁ πεμπόμενος; Πάλιν ἐπὶ τὰ ἀνθρώπινα καταφέρεις τὸν λόγον, καὶ οὐκ ἐννοεῖς ὅτι ταῦτα πάντα δι' οὐδὲν ἕτερον εἴρηται, ἀλλ' ἵνα καὶ τὸν αἴτιον εἰδῶμεν, καὶ εἰς τὴν Σαβελλίου μὴ περιπέσωμεν νόσον, καὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἡ ἀσθένεια τοῦτον θεραπευθῇ τὸν τρόπον, ὥστε μὴ νομισθῆναι αὐτὸν ἀντίθεον εἶναι παρ' αὐτοῖς. Καὶ γὰρ ἔλεγον, Οὗτος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ: οὗτος ἀπὸ Θεοῦ οὐκ ἐλήλυθε. Πρὸς δὲ τὸ τὴν ὑποψίαν ταύτην ἀνελεῖν, οὐχ οὕτω τὰ ὑψηλὰ, ὡς τὰ ταπεινὰ συνεβάλλετο. Διὰ τοῦτο συνεχῶς ἄνω καὶ κάτω ἔλεγεν ἀπεστάλθαι, οὐχ ἵνα ἐλάττωσίν τινα αὐτοῦ νομίσῃς εἶναι τὸ ῥῆμα, ἀλλ' ἵνα ἐμφράξῃ τὰ ἐκείνων στόματα. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ καταφεύγει συνεχῶς ἐπὶ τὸν Πατέρα, τιθεὶς μεταξὺ καὶ τὴν οἰκείαν αὐθεντίαν. Εἴτε γὰρ πάντα πρὸς τὴν ἀξίαν ἔλεγε τὴν ἑαυτοῦ, οὐκ ἂν ἐδέξαντο τὰ λεγόμενα ἐκεῖνοι, ὅπου γε καὶ ἀπὸ ὀλίγων τοιούτων ῥημάτων ἐδίωξάν τε αὐτὸν καὶ ἐλίθασαν πολλάκις: εἴτε πρὸς ἐκείνους ἀφορῶν πάντα ἐφθέγγετο ταπεινὰ, μετὰ ταῦτα πολλοὶ ἐβλάβησαν ἄν. Διόπερ ἀναμίγνυσι καὶ κιρνᾷ τὴν διδασκαλίαν, καὶ διὰ τούτων, ὅπερ ἔφην, τῶν ταπεινῶν ἐμφράττων τὰ ἐκείνων στόματα, καὶ διὰ τῶν πρὸς τὴν ἀξίαν λεχθέντων τὴν εὐτελῆ τῶν εἰρημένων ἀποκρουόμενος ἔννοιαν παρὰ τοῖς νοῦν ἔχουσι, καὶ δεικνὺς οὐδὲν αὐτῷ προσήκουσαν ὅλως. Τὸ γὰρ πεμφθῆναι, μεταβάσεώς ἐστιν: ὁ δὲ Θεὸς πανταχοῦ πάρεστι. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκέν φησιν, ἀπεστάλθαι; Παχύτερα λέγει, τὴν πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα ὁμόνοιαν δηλῶν: οὕτω γοῦν καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς σχηματίζει ῥήματα, τοῦτο κατασκευάσαι θέλων. Ἀμὴν γὰρ, ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, φησὶν, ὅτι ὁ ἀκούων μου τοὺς λόγους, καὶ πιστεύων τῷ πέμψαντί με, ἔχει ζωὴν αἰώνιον. Ὁρᾷς πῶς συνεχῶς τὸ αὐτὸ τίθησι, θεραπεύων ἐκείνην τὴν ὑποψίαν, καὶ ἐντεῦθεν καὶ διὰ τῶν ἑξῆς, καὶ φόβῳ καὶ εὐεργεσίας ἐπαγγελίᾳ τὴν πρὸς αὐτὸν φιλονεικίαν καταλύων, κἀνταῦθα πάλιν συγκαταβαίνων πολὺ τοῖς ῥήμασιν; Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπεν, Ὁ ἀκούων μου τοὺς λόγους, καὶ πιστεύων ἐμοί. Ἦ γὰρ ἂν τῦφον τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐνόμισαν εἶναι, καὶ κόμπον ῥημάτων περιττόν. Εἰ γὰρ μετὰ τοσοῦτον χρόνον καὶ μυρία θαύματα τοῦτο ὑπώπτευσαν, φθεγξαμένου αὐτοῦ οὕτω, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τότε. Διὸ καὶ ἔλεγον αὐτῷ τότε: Ἀβραὰμ ἀπέθανε, καὶ οἱ προφῆται ἀπέθανον, καὶ πῶς σὺ λέγεις, Ἐάν τις τὸν λόγον μου τηρήσῃ, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα οὐ μὴ γεύσεται θανάτου; Ἵν' οὖν μὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἐκθηριωθῶσιν, ὅρα τί φησιν: Ὁ τὸν λόγον μου ἀκούων, καὶ πιστεύων τῷ πέμψαντί με, ἔχει ζωὴν αἰώνιον. Τοῦτο δὲ οὐ μικρῶς εὐπαράδεκτον ἐποίει τὸν λόγον, τὸ μαθεῖν λέγω, ὅτι τῷ Πατρὶ πιστεύουσιν οἱ αὐτοῦ ἀκούοντες. Τοῦτο γὰρ δεξάμενοι μετὰ προθυμίας, καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ ἔμελλον εὐκολώτερα δέχεσθαι. Ὥστε καὶ τῷ ταπεινόν τι εἰπεῖν τοῖς ὑψηλοῖς συνετέλει καὶ προωδοποίει. Εἰπὼν δὲ, Ἔχει ζωὴν αἰώνιον, ἐπάγει: Καὶ εἰς κρίσιν οὐκ ἔρχεται, ἀλλὰ μεταβέβηκεν ἐκ τοῦ θανάτου εἰς τὴν ζωήν: δύο τούτοις εὐπαράδεκτον ποιῶν τὸν λόγον, καὶ τῷ τὸν Πατέρα εἶναι πιστευόμενον, καὶ τῷ πολλῶν ἀπολαύειν ἀγαθῶν τὸν πειθόμενον. Τὸ δὲ, Εἰς κρίσιν οὐκ ἔρχεται, τοῦτό ἐστιν, οὐ κολάζεται. Θάνατον γὰρ οὐ τοῦτόν φησι τὸν ἐνταῦθα, ἀλλὰ τὸν αἰώνιον, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ ζωὴν ἐκείνην τὴν ἀθάνατον. Ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἔρχεται ὥρα, καὶ νῦν ἐστιν, ὅτε οἱ νεκροὶ ἀκούσουσι τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, καὶ οἱ ἀκούσαντες ζήσονται. Εἰπὼν τὰ ῥήματα, λέγει καὶ τὴν διὰ τῶν ἔργων ἀπόδειξιν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἔλεγεν, Ὥσπερ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐγείρει τοὺς νεκροὺς καὶ ζωοποιεῖ, οὕτω καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς οὓς θέλει ζωοποιεῖ: ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ κόμπος εἶναι τὸ πρᾶγμα καὶ τῦφος, παρέχεται καὶ τὴν διὰ τῶν ἔργων ἀπόδειξιν λέγων: Ἔρχεται ὥρα. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ μακρὸν ὑποπτεύσῃς χρόνον, ἐπάγει: Καὶ νῦν ἐστιν, ὅτε οἱ νεκροὶ ἀκούσουσι τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ οἱ ἀκούσαντες ζήσονται. Εἶδες αὐθεντίαν ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἄφατον; Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει, οὕτω καὶ νῦν ἔσται, φησί. Καὶ γὰρ τότε φωνῆς ἀκούσαντες ἐπιταττούσης ἐγειρόμεθα: Ἐν κελεύσματι γὰρ, φησὶ, Θεοῦ οἱ νεκροὶ ἀναστήσονται. Καὶ πόθεν δῆλον, ἴσως ἐρεῖ τις, ὅτι οὐ κόμπος τὰ εἰρημένα; Ἐξ ὧν ἐπήγαγεν, ὅτι Καὶ νῦν ἐστιν. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ εἰς τὸν μέλλοντα μόνον ἐπήγγελτο χρόνον, ἔμελλεν ὁ λόγος ὕποπτος εἶναι παρ' αὐτοῖς. Νυνὶ δὲ παρέχει τὴν ἀπόδειξιν. Ἐμοῦ γὰρ, φησὶ, διατρίβοντος μεθ' ὑμῶν, τοῦτο γενήσεται. Οὐκ ἂν δὲ μὴ δυνάμενος ἐπηγγείλατο κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν ἐκεῖνον, ὥστε μὴ πλείονα γέλωτα ὀφλεῖν ἐκ τῆς ὑποσχέσεως. Εἶτα καὶ λογισμὸν ἐπάγει τῶν εἰρημένων ἀποδεικτικὸν, λέγων: Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ ἔχει ζωὴν ἐν ἑαυτῷ, οὕτως ἔδωκε καὶ τῷ Υἱῷ ζωὴν ἔχειν ἐν ἑαυτῷ. γʹ. Ὁρᾷς πῶς τὸ ἀπαράλλακτον, καὶ ἑνὶ μόνῳ τὴν διαφορὰν ἐμφαῖνον, τῷ τὸν μὲν Πατέρα εἶναι, τὸν δὲ Υἱόν; Ἡ γὰρ, Ἔδωκε, λέξις, ταύτην εἰσάγει τὴν διαίρεσιν μόνην, τὰ δὲ ἄλλα πάντα ἴσα καὶ ἀπαράλλακτα δείκνυσιν. Ὅθεν δῆλον, ὅτι μετὰ τοσαύτης ἐξουσίας πάντα ποιεῖ καὶ δυνάμεως, μεθ' ὅσης ὁ Πατὴρ, καὶ οὐχ ἑτέρωθεν δυναμούμενος. Οὕτω γὰρ ἔχει ζωὴν, ὥσπερ ὁ Πατήρ. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο καὶ τὸ ἐφεξῆς εὐθέως ἐπήγαγε πάλιν, ἵνα ἀπὸ τούτου κἀκεῖνο νοήσωμεν. Ποῖον δὴ τοῦτο; Τὸ, Ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ ἐξουσίαν καὶ κρίσιν ποιεῖν. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν ἀνάστασιν καὶ κρίσιν ἄνω καὶ κάτω στρέφει; Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐγείρει τοὺς νεκροὺς καὶ ζωοποιεῖ, οὕτω καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς οὓς θέλει ζωοποιεῖ: καὶ πάλιν, Ὁ Πατὴρ κρίνει οὐδένα, ἀλλὰ πᾶσαν τὴν κρίσιν δέδωκε τῷ Υἱῷ: καὶ πάλιν, Ὥσπερ ὁ Πατὴρ ἔχει ζωὴν ἐν ἑαυτῷ, οὕτως ἔδωκε καὶ τῷ Υἱῷ ζωὴν ἔχειν ἐν ἑαυτῷ: καὶ πάλιν, Οἱ ἀκούσαντες τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ ζήσονται: καὶ ἐνταῦθα δὴ πάλιν, Ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ ἐξουσίαν καὶ κρίσιν ποιεῖν. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν ταῦτα στρέφει συνεχῶς, κρίσιν λέγω καὶ ζωὴν καὶ ἀνάστασιν; Ὅτι ταῦτα μάλιστα πάντων ἐστὶ τὰ καὶ ἐπαγαγέσθαι δυνάμενα καὶ τὸν ἀνένδοτον ἀκροατήν. Ὁ γὰρ πεισθεὶς ὅτι καὶ ἀναστήσεται, καὶ τούτῳ δώσει τὰς εὐθύνας τῶν πεπλημμελημένων: εἰ καὶ μηδὲν ἕτερον εἶδε σημεῖον, τοῦτο καταδεξάμενος προσδραμεῖται πάντως, ἥμερον κατασκευάζων ἑαυτῷ τὸν δικαστήν. Ὅτι Υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἐστὶ, μὴ θαυμάζετε τοῦτο. Παῦλος μὲν ὁ Σαμοσατεὺς οὐχ οὕτω φησὶν, ἀλλὰ πῶς; Ἐξουσίαν ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ κρίσιν ποιεῖν, ὅτι Υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν. Ἀλλ' οὐδεμίαν ἀκολουθίαν ἔχει τοῦτο οὕτω λεγόμενον. Οὐ γὰρ διὰ τοῦτο ἔλαβε κρίσιν ὅτι ἄνθρωπός ἐστιν, (ἐπεὶ τί ἐκώλυε πάντας ἀνθρώπους εἶναι κριτάς;) ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ τῆς ἀῤῥήτου οὐσίας ἐκείνης ἐστὶν Υἱὸς, διὰ τοῦτό ἐστι κριτής. Οὕτω τοίνυν ἀναγνωστέον, Ὅτι Υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἐστὶ, μὴ θαυμάζετε τοῦτο. Ἐπειδὴ ἐδόκει τοῖς ἀκούουσι προσίστασθαι τὸ λεγόμενον, καὶ πλέον οὐδὲν ἐνόμιζον εἶναι ἢ ψιλὸν ἄνθρωπον, τὰ δὲ λεγόμενα μείζονα ἢ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον ἦν, μᾶλλον δὲ μείζονα ἢ κατὰ ἄγγελον, καὶ Θεοῦ μόνου: ταύτην λύων τὴν ἀντίθεσιν, ἐπήγαγε: Μὴ θαυμάζετε, ὅτι Υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν: ὅτι ἔρχεται ὥρα, ἐν ᾗ οἱ ἐν τοῖς μνημείοις ἀκούσονται τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐκπορεύσονται οἱ τὰ ἀγαθὰ ποιήσαντες, εἰς ἀνάστασιν ζωῆς: οἱ δὲ τὰ φαῦλα πράξαντες, εἰς ἀνάστασιν κρίσεως. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν οὐκ εἶπεν: Μὴ θαυμάζετε, ὅτι Υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἐστί; καὶ γὰρ καὶ Υἱὸς Θεοῦ ἐστιν: ἀλλὰ τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἐμνημόνευσεν; Ἔθηκε μὲν αὐτὸ ἀνωτέρω, λέγων, Ἀκούσουσι τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ Υἱοῦ Θεοῦ. Εἰ δὲ ἐνταῦθα ἀπεσιώπησε, μὴ θαυμάσῃς. Τὸ γὰρ ἔργον εἰπὼν, ὃ Θεοῦ ἴδιον ἦν, δίδωσι τοῖς ἀκροωμένοις ἐξ αὐτοῦ συλλογίσασθαι λοιπὸν, ὅτι καὶ Θεὸς ἦν, καὶ Θεοῦ Παῖς. Παρ' αὐτοῦ μὲν γὰρ λεγόμενον συνεχῶς προσέστη ἂν τότε ἐκείνοις: ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ συλλογισμοῦ τῶν θαυμάτων δεικνύμενον ἀνεπαχθεστέραν τὴν διδασκαλίαν ἐποίει. Καὶ γὰρ οἱ τοὺς συλλογισμοὺς πλέκοντες, ὅταν τὰ μέρη θέντες, γενναίως ἀποδείξωσι τὸ ζητούμενον, οὐκ ἐπάγουσιν αὐτοὶ τὸ συμπέρασμα πολλάκις, ἀλλ' εὐγνωμονέστερον κατασκευάζοντες τὸν ἀκροατὴν, καὶ τὴν νίκην λαμπροτέραν ποιοῦντες, αὐτὸν ἐκεῖνον παρασκευάζουσι τὸν ἀντιλέγοντα τὴν ἀπόφασιν ἐξενεγκεῖν, ὥστε μᾶλλον αὐτοῖς ψηφίσασθαι τοὺς παρόντας τῶν ἀντιδίκων τὴν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν φερόντων ψῆφον. Τῆς μὲν οὖν κατὰ τὸν Λάζαρον μνημονεύσας ἀναστάσεως, τὴν κρίσιν ἐσίγησεν: οὐ γὰρ διὰ τοῦτο ἀνέστη Λάζαρος: τὴν δὲ καθόλου εἰπὼν, καὶ τοῦτο προσέθηκεν, ὅτι Οἱ τὰ ἀγαθὰ ποιήσαντες ἐκπορεύσονται εἰς ἀνάστασιν ζωῆς: Οἱ δὲ τὰ φαῦλα πράξαντες, εἰς ἀνάστασιν κρίσεως. Οὕτω καὶ Ἰωάννης ἐπήγετο τὸν ἀκροατὴν, κρίσεως μνησθεὶς, καὶ ὅτι Ὁ μὴ πιστεύων εἰς τὸν Υἱὸν, οὐκ ὄψεται τὴν ζωὴν, ἀλλ' ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ μένει ἐπ' αὐτόν. Οὕτω καὶ αὐτὸς τὸν Νικόδημον: Ὁ γὰρ πιστεύων εἰς τὸν Υἱὸν, ἔλεγε πρὸς αὐτὸν, οὐ κρίνεται: ὁ δὲ μὴ πιστεύων. ἤδη κέκριται. Οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα καὶ δικαστηρίου καὶ κολάσεως μέμνηται τῆς ἐπὶ ταῖς πονηραῖς πράξεσιν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἶπεν ἀνωτέρω, ὅτι Ὁ ἀκούων μου τὸν λόγον, καὶ πιστεύων τῷ πέμψαντί με, οὐ κρίνεται: ἵνα μὴ νομίσῃ τις ὅτι τοῦτο ἀρκεῖ πρὸς σωτηρίαν μόνον, καὶ τὰ ἐκ τοῦ βίου προσέθηκεν, εἰπὼν, ὅτι Οἱ τὰ ἀγαθὰ ποιήσαντες, εἰς ἀνάστασιν ζωῆς: οἱ δὲ τὰ φαῦλα πράξαντες, εἰς ἀνάστασιν κρίσεως. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἔφησεν αὐτῷ τὴν οἰκουμένην ἅπασαν δώσειν λόγον, καὶ πάντας ἀπὸ τῆς φωνῆς ἀναστήσεσθαι τῆς αὐτοῦ, πρᾶγμα καινὸν καὶ παράδοξον, καὶ ἔτι καὶ νῦν ἀπιστούμενον παρὰ πολλοῖς, καὶ τῶν δοκούντων πεπιστευκέναι, μήτι γε τότε παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις ἄκουσον πῶς αὐτὸ κατασκευάζει, πάλιν τῇ ἀσθενείᾳ συγκαταβαίνων τῶν ἀκροωμένων: Οὐ δύναμαι ἐγὼ ποιεῖν ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ οὐδέν. Καθὼς ἀκούω, κρίνω, καὶ ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμὴ δικαία ἐστὶν, ὅτι οὐ ζητῶ τὸ θέλημα τὸ ἐμὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πέμψαντός με. Καίτοι οὐ μικρὰν τέως ἀναστάσεως ἦν δεδωκὼς ἀπόδειξιν, τὸν παράλυτον σφίγξας. Διόπερ οὐδὲ πρότερον περὶ ἀναστάσεως διελέχθη, ἕως ἐκεῖνο ἐποίησεν, ὃ τῆς ἀναστάσεως οὐ σφόδρα ἀποδέον ἦν. Καὶ τὴν κρίσιν δὲ ᾐνίξατο τότε, μετὰ τὴν τοῦ σώματος σφίγξιν εἰπὼν, Ἴδε ὑγιὴς γέγονας: μηκέτι ἁμάρτανε, ἵνα μὴ χεῖρόν τί σοι γένηται: ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ τὴν Λαζάρου προαναφωνεῖ, καὶ τὴν τῆς οἰκουμένης. Καὶ ἐπειδὴ δύο ταύτας ἀναστάσεις προεῖπε, τήν τε τοῦ Λαζάρου τὴν αὐτίκα μάλα ἐκβησομένην, καὶ τὴν τῆς οἰκουμένης τὴν μακροῖς ὕστερον ἐσομένην χρόνοις, ταύτην μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ παραλύτου πιστοῦται καὶ τῆς ἐγγύτητος τοῦ καιροῦ, λέγων, Ἔρχεται ὥρα, καὶ νῦν ἐστιν: ἐκείνην δὲ, ἀπὸ τῆς κατὰ τὸν Λάζαρον ἀναστάσεως, διὰ τῶν ἤδη γενομένων τὰ μηδέπω γενόμενα ὑπ' ὄψιν ἄγων. Καὶ τοῦτο πανταχοῦ ποιοῦντα αὐτὸν ἔστιν ἰδεῖν, δύο τιθέντα προῤῥήσεις ἢ καὶ τρεῖς, καὶ τὰ ἐσόμενα ἀπὸ τῶν γενομένων ἀεὶ πιστούμενον. δʹ. Ἀλλ' ὅμως τοσαῦτα καὶ εἰπὼν καὶ ποιήσας, ἐπειδὴ τέως ἀσθενέστεροι ἦσαν, οὐκ ἀρκεῖται τούτοις, ἀλλὰ καὶ δι' ὧν ἐπάγει ῥημάτων αὐτῶν καταστέλλει τὴν φιλονεικίαν, λέγων: Οὐ δύναμαι ἐγὼ ποιεῖν ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ οὐδέν. Καθὼς ἀκούω, κρίνω, καὶ ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμὴ δικαία ἐστὶν, ὅτι οὐ ζητῶ τὸ θέλημα τὸ ἐμὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πέμψαντός με. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ξένα τινὰ καὶ παρηλλαγμένα παρὰ τοὺς προφήτας ἐδόκει λέγειν (ἐκεῖνοι μὲν γὰρ ἔλεγον, ὅτι ὁ Θεός ἐστιν ὁ κρίνων τὴν γῆν ἅπασαν, τουτέστι, τὸ ἀνθρώπινον γένος: καὶ τοῦτο ὁ Δαυῒδ πανταχοῦ ἀνακηρύττων ἔλεγε, Κρινεῖ λαοὺς ἐν εὐθύτητι: καὶ, Ὁ Θεὸς κριτὴς δίκαιος καὶ ἰσχυρὸς καὶ μακρόθυμος: καὶ οἱ προφῆται δὲ πάντες καὶ ὁ Μωϋσῆς: ὁ δὲ Χριστὸς ἔλεγεν, Ὁ Πατὴρ οὐ κρίνει οὐδένα, ἀλλὰ τὴν κρίσιν δέδωκε τῷ Υἱῷ: ἱκανὸν δὲ τοῦτο ἦν θορυβῆσαι τὸν ἀκούοντα τότε Ἰουδαῖον, καὶ παρασκευάσαι πάλιν ἀντίθεον αὐτὸν ὑποπτεύειν), σφόδρα ἐνταῦθα συγκαταβαίνει τῷ λόγῳ, καὶ τοσοῦτον, ὅσον ἀπῄτει αὐτῶν ἡ ἀσθένεια, ὥστε τὴν ὀλεθρίαν ταύτην ὑποψίαν πρόῤῥιζον ἀνελεῖν, καί φησιν: Ἐγὼ οὐ δύναμαι ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ ποιεῖν οὐδέν: τουτέστιν, οὐδὲν ξένον, οὐδὲ παρηλλαγμένον, οὐδὲ ὃ μὴ βούλεται ὁ Πατὴρ, παρ' ἐμοῦ γινόμενον ὄψεσθε, ἢ λεγόμενον ἀκούσεσθε. Καὶ πρότερον εἰπὼν, ὅτι Υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἐστὶν, καὶ δείξας ὅτι ἄνθρωπον αὐτὸν τέως ὑπώπτευον, οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα προστίθησιν. Ὥσπερ οὖν ἀνωτέρω εἰπὼν, Ὃ ἀκηκόαμεν, λαλοῦμεν, καὶ ὃ ἑωράκαμεν, μαρτυροῦμεν: καὶ ὁ Ἰωάννης, Ὃ ἑώρακε, μαρτυρεῖ, καὶ τὴν μαρτυρίαν αὐτοῦ οὐδεὶς λαμβάνει: περὶ ἀκριβοῦς δὲ ἀμφότερα εἴρηται γνώσεως, οὐχ ἁπλῶς περὶ ἀκοῆς καὶ ὄψεως: οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἀκοὴν εἰπὼν, οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἐμφαίνει, ἢ ὅτι ἀδύνατον ἄλλο τι θελῆσαι αὐτὸν, ἢ ὅπερ ὁ Πατήρ. Ἀλλ' οὐκ εἶπεν οὕτω σαφῶς (οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἐδέξαντο ἐξ εὐθείας τέως οὕτως ἀκούοντες): ἀλλὰ πῶς; Συγκαταβατικῶς καὶ ἀνθρωπίνως σφόδρα: Καθὼς ἀκούω, κρίνω. Πάλιν οὐ διδασκαλίαν λέγων ἐνταῦθα (οὐ γὰρ εἶπε, Καθὼς διδάσκομαι, ἀλλὰ, Καθὼς ἀκούω), ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ὡς δεόμενος ἀκροάσεως ταῦτά φησιν (οὐ γὰρ μόνον τοῦ διδάσκεσθαι ἀνενδεὴς ἦν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ δεῖσθαι ἀκούειν), τὴν δὲ ὁμόνοιαν δηλῶν καὶ τὸ ἀπαράλλακτον τῆς ψήφου. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοῦτό ἐστιν: Οὕτω κρίνω, ὡς ἂν εἰ αὐτὸς ὁ Πατὴρ ἦν ὁ κρίνων. Εἶτα ἐπάγει, Καὶ οἶδα ὅτι ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμὴ δικαία ἐστὶν, ὅτι οὐ ζητῶ τὸ θέλημα τὸ ἐμὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πέμψαντός με. Τί λέγεις; ἔχεις γὰρ θέλημα ἕτερον παρὰ τὸν Πατέρα; Καὶ μὴν ἀλλαχοῦ εἶπας, Καθὼς ἐγὼ καὶ σὺ ἕν ἐσμεν: καὶ πάλιν, ἐπὶ θελήματος λέγων καὶ ὁμονοίας: Δὸς αὐτοῖς, ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐν ἡμῖν ἓν ὦσι: τουτέστιν, ἐν τῇ περὶ ἡμῶν πίστει. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι τὰ μάλιστα δοκοῦντα εἶναι ταπεινὰ, ταῦτά ἐστιν ἅπερ ἔχει ἐγκεκρυμμένον τὸ ὑψηλὸν νόημα; Ὃ γὰρ αἰνίττεται, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν: ὅτι οὐκ ἄλλο μὲν τοῦ Πατρὸς τὸ θέλημα, ἄλλο δὲ τὸ αὐτοῦ: ἀλλ' ὥσπερ μιᾶς διανοίας ἓν θέλημα, οὕτως ἐμοῦ καὶ τοῦ Πατρός. Καὶ μὴ θαυμάσῃς, εἰ τοσαύτην εἶπε συνάφειαν. Καὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ τοῦ Πνεύματος τούτῳ κέχρηται τῷ ὑποδείγματι ὁ Παῦλος, λέγων: Τίς γὰρ οἶδεν ἀνθρώπων τὰ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, εἰ μὴ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, τὸ ἐν αὐτῷ; Οὕτω καὶ τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐδεὶς οἶδεν, εἰ μὴ τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Θεοῦ. Οὐδὲν οὖν ἄλλο ἢ τοῦτό φησιν, ὅτι Οὐκ ἔστι μοι θέλημα ἕτερον καὶ ἴδιον παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς, ἀλλ' εἴ τι ἐκεῖνος βούλεται τοῦτο καὶ ἐγώ: καὶ εἴ τι ἐγὼ, τοῦτο καὶ ἐκεῖνος. Ὥσπερ οὖν τῷ Πατρὶ οὐδεὶς ἂν ἐγκαλέσειε κρίνοντι, οὕτως οὐδὲ ἐμοί: ἀπὸ γὰρ τῆς αὐτῆς γνώμης ἑκατέρα ἡ ψῆφος φέρεται. Εἰ δὲ ἀνθρωπινώτερον ταῦτα διαλέγεται, μὴ θαυμάσῃς. Ἄνθρωπον γὰρ αὐτὸν ἔτι ἐνόμιζον εἶναι ψιλόν. Διὸ χρὴ μάλιστα ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις μὴ τὰ λεγόμενα ἐξετάζειν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν ὑπόνοιαν τῶν ἀκροωμένων προστιθέναι, καὶ οὕτω τῶν λεγομένων ἀκούειν, ὡς πρὸς ἐκείνην εἰρημένων ὑπόνοιαν: ἐπεὶ πολλὰ ἕψεται τὰ ἄτοπα. Σκόπει γάρ: Εἶπεν, Οὐ ζητῶ τὸ θέλημα τὸ ἐμόν. Οὐκοῦν ἕτερόν ἐστι τὸ αὐτοῦ θέλημα, καὶ σφόδρα ἀποδέον: καὶ οὐδὲ ἁπλῶς ἀποδέον, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ὠφέλιμον οὕτως. Ἐπεὶ εἰ σωτηριῶδες ἦν καὶ συμβαῖνον τῷ τοῦ Πατρὸς, τίνος ἕνεκεν αὐτὸ οὐ ζητεῖς; Ἄνθρωποι μὲν γὰρ εἰκότως ἂν τοῦτο λέγοιεν, ὡς πολλὰ θελήματα ἔχοντες παρὰ τὰ τῷ Θεῷ δοκοῦντα: σὺ δὲ τίνος ἕνεκεν τοῦτο φῂς, κατὰ πάντα ἐοικὼς τῷ Πατρί; Τοῦτο γὰρ οὐδὲ ἀνδρὸς ἠκριβωμένου καὶ ἐσταυρωμένου εἴποι τις ἂν εἶναι τὸ ῥῆμα. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ Παῦλος οὕτως ἑαυτὸν ἐκέρασε τῷ θελήματι τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὡς εἰπεῖν, Ζῶ δὲ οὐκ ἔτι ἐγὼ, ζῇ δὲ ἐν ἐμοὶ Χριστὸς, πῶς ὁ πάντων Δεσπότης εἶπεν ἂν, ὅτι Οὐ ζητῶ τὸ θέλημα τὸ ἐμὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πέμψαντός με, ὡς ἑτέρου ὄντος ἐκείνου; Τί οὖν ἐστιν ὅ φησιν; Ὡς ἐπ' ἀνθρώπου προσάγει τὸν λόγον, καὶ πρὸς τὴν ὑπόνοιαν τῶν ἀκροωμένων φθέγγεται. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀπὸ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν ἀπέδειξε τὰ λεγόμενα, τὰ μὲν θεοπρεπῶς, τὰ δὲ ἀνθρωπίνως διαλεχθεὶς, πάλιν ὡς ἄνθρωπος κατασκευάζει τὰ αὐτὰ, καὶ λέγει, ὅτι Ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμὴ δικαία ἐστί. Καὶ πόθεν δῆλον; Ὅτι οὐ ζητῶ τὸ θέλημα τὸ ἐμὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πέμψαντός με. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐπ' ἀνθρώπων ὁ φιλαυτίας ἀπηλλαγμένος, οὐκ ἂν ἔχοι δικαίως ἐγκαλεῖσθαι ὡς παρὰ τὸ δέον δικάσας: οὕτως οὐδὲ ἐμοὶ νῦν δυνήσεσθε ἐπιτιμᾷν. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ θέλων τὰ ἑαυτοῦ στῆσαι, ἴσως ὑποπτευθείη ἂν παρὰ πολλῶν ταύτῃ παραφθείρειν τὸ δίκαιον: ὁ δὲ μὴ τὰ ἑαυτοῦ σκοπῶν, τίνα ἂν ἔχοι πρόφασιν τοῦ μὴ τὰ δίκαια ψηφίσασθαι; Τοῦτον τοίνυν τὸν λογισμὸν καὶ ἐπ' ἐμοῦ ἐξετάζετε. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἔλεγον μὴ ἀπεστάλθαι παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς, μηδὲ εἰς ἐκεῖνον τὴν δόξαν τῶν γινομένων ἀνέφερον, ἴσως ἄν τις ὑμῶν ὑπενόησεν, ὅτι βουλόμενος ἐμαυτὸν ποιῆσαι λαμπρὸν, οὐ λέγω τὰ ὄντα: εἰ δὲ ἑτέρῳ λογίζομαι καὶ ἀνατίθημι τὰ γινόμενα, τίνος ἕνεκεν, ἢ πόθεν ἂν ἔχοιτε ὑποπτεύειν τὰ λεγόμενα; Ὁρᾷς οἷ τὸν λόγον κατεβίβασε, καὶ πόθεν τὴν κρίσιν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ δικαίαν εἶναι ἔφησεν, ὅθεν ἂν καὶ τῶν πολλῶν εἷς ἀπολογούμενος εἶπεν; ὁρᾷς, ὃ πολλάκις εἶπον, πῶς διαλάμπει σαφῶς; Τί δέ ἐστιν ὃ εἶπον; Ὅτι ἡ ὑπερβολὴ τῆς ταπεινότητος τῶν λέξεων, αὕτη μάλιστα πείθει τοὺς νοῦν ἔχοντας, μὴ ἐκ προχείρου δεχομένους τὰ λεγόμενα καταπίπτειν, ἀλλὰ παρασκευάζειν μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τὸ ὕψος τῶν νοημάτων ἐλθεῖν: αὕτη καὶ τοὺς χαμαὶ συρομένους τότε μετὰ πολλῆς κατὰ μικρὸν ἀνίστησι τῆς εὐκολίας. Ταῦτα οὖν ἅπαντα ἐννοοῦντες, παρακαλῶ, μὴ παρατρέχωμεν ἁπλῶς τὰ εἰρημένα, ἀλλὰ μετὰ ἀκριβείας ἐξετάζωμεν ἅπαντα, καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν τῶν λεγομένων πανταχοῦ σκοπῶμεν: μηδὲ νομίζωμεν ἀρκεῖν ἡμῖν εἰς ἀπολογίαν τὴν ἄγνοιαν καὶ τὴν ἁπλότητα. Οὐ γὰρ ἀκεραίους ἐκέλευσε μόνον εἶναι, ἀλλὰ καὶ φρονίμους. Ἀσκῶμεν τοίνυν μετὰ τῆς ἁπλότητος καὶ τὴν φρόνησιν, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν δογμάτων καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν τοῦ βίου κατορθωμάτων: καὶ δικάζωμεν ἑαυτοῖς ἐνταῦθα, ἵνα μὴ σὺν τῷ κόσμῳ κατακριθῶμεν τότε, καὶ τοιοῦτοι γινώμεθα περὶ τοὺς δούλους, οἷον βουλόμεθα περὶ ἡμᾶς γενέσθαι τὸν Δεσπότην ἡμῶν. Ἄφες γὰρ ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν, ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφίεμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν. Καὶ οἶδα μὲν, ὅτι οὐ φέρει πράως πληττομένη ἡ ψυχή: ἀλλ' ἐὰν ἐννοήσωμεν ὅτι οὐχὶ τῷ λελυπηκότι, ἀλλ' ἑαυτοῖς χαριζόμεθα, ταχέως ἀφήσομεν τὸν ἰὸν τῆς ὀργῆς. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ τὰ ἑκατὸν δηνάρια μὴ συγχωρήσας τῷ πεπλημμεληκότι, οὐ τὸν ὁμόδουλον ἠδίκησεν, ἀλλ' ἑαυτὸν τοῖς μυρίοις ταλάντοις ὑπεύθυνον ἐποίησεν, ὧν πρότερον τὴν ἄφεσιν ἔλαβεν. Ὅταν οὖν ἑτέροις μὴ ἀφῶμεν, ἑαυτοῖς οὐκ ἀφίεμεν. Μὴ τοίνυν τῷ Θεῷ λέγωμεν μόνον, Μὴ μνησθῇς τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἡμῶν: ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς ἕκαστοι λέγοντες, μὴ μνησθῶμεν τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων τῶν συνδούλων τῶν εἰς ἡμᾶς γεγενημένων. Καὶ γὰρ σὺ πρότερον δικάζεις τοῖς σοῖς, καὶ τότε ἕπεται ὁ Θεός: σὺ τὸν νόμον γράφεις τὸν περὶ ἀφέσεως καὶ τιμωρίας, καὶ τὴν περὶ τῶν τοιούτων ἐκφέρεις ψῆφον. Οὐκοῦν καὶ τοῦ μνησθῆναι καὶ τοῦ μὴ μνησθῆναι τὸν Θεὸν σὺ κύριος εἶ. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Παῦλος ἀφεῖναι κελεύει, ἐάν τις πρός τινα ἔχῃ μομφήν: καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς ἀφεῖναι, ἀλλ' ὥστε μηδὲ λείψανα μένειν. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἤνεγκεν εἰς μέσον ἡμῶν τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς πεπλημμεληκότας ἀνέμνησεν, οὐδὲ εἶπε, Τὰ καὶ τὰ ἥμαρτες: ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀφῆκε καὶ ἐξήλειψε τὸ χειρόγραφον, μηδὲ λογισάμενος τὰ παραπτώματα, καθὼς καὶ τοῦτο Παῦλος ἐδήλωσε. Τοῦτο δὴ ποιῶμεν καὶ ἡμεῖς, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς διανοίας ἐξαλείφωμεν ἅπαντα. Κἂν μὲν ἀγαθόν τι γεγενημένον ᾖ παρὰ τοῦ λελυπηκότος, τοῦτο λογισώμεθα μόνον: ἂν δὲ λυπηρὸν καὶ ἐπαχθὲς, ἐκβάλωμεν οὕτω καὶ ἐξαλείψωμεν, ὥστε μηδὲ ἴχνος ἐναπομένειν. Εἰ δὲ μηδὲν ἀγαθὸν ἡμῖν γέγονε παρὰ τούτου, πάλιν ὁ μισθὸς μείζων συγχωροῦσιν ἡμῖν, καὶ πλείων ἡ εὐδοκίμησις. Ἄλλοι δι' ἀγρυπνίας καὶ χαμευνίας καὶ μυρίας ταλαιπωρίας ἐξαλείφουσι τὰ ἁμαρτήματα: σοὶ διὰ τῆς εὐκολωτέρας ὁδοῦ, τοῦ μὴ μνησικακεῖν λέγω, πάντα ἔξεστιν ἀφανίσαι τὰ πλημμεληθέντα. Τί τοίνυν κατὰ σαυτοῦ τὸ ξίφος ὠθεῖς, ὡς οἱ μαινόμενοι καὶ παραπαίοντες, καὶ τῆς μελλούσης σεαυτὸν ἐκβάλλεις ζωῆς, δέον πάντα πράττειν, ὥστε αὐτῆς ἐπιτυχεῖν; Εἰ γὰρ ἡ παροῦσα οὕτω ποθεινὴ, τί ἂν εἴποι τις περὶ ἐκείνης, ἔνθα ἀπέδρα ὀδύνη καὶ λύπη καὶ στεναγμός; Ἐκεῖ δεῖσαι θάνατον οὐκ ἔστιν, οὐδὲ πέρας ἐκείνων ὑποπτεῦσαι τῶν ἀγαθῶν. Μακάριοι καὶ τρισμακάριοι καὶ πολλάκις τοῦτο, οἱ τῆς μακαρίας ἐκείνης ἀπολαύοντες λήξεως: ὥσπερ οὖν ἄθλιοι καὶ τρισάθλιοι καὶ μυριάκις τοῦτο, οἱ τῆς μακαριότητος ἐκείνης ἑαυτοὺς ἐκβάλλοντες. Καὶ τί ποτέ ἐστι, φησὶ, τὸ ποιοῦν ἡμᾶς ἀπολαῦσαι τῆς ζωῆς ἐκείνης; Ἄκουσον αὐτοῦ τοῦ δικάζοντος, νεανίσκῳ τινὶ διαλεγομένου περὶ τούτων. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἠρώτησεν ἐκεῖνος, Τί ποιήσας ζωὴν αἰώνιον κληρονομήσω; εἰπὼν ὁ Χριστὸς αὐτῷ τὰς ἄλλας ἐντολὰς, κατέληξεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ πλησίον ἀγάπην. Καὶ τάχα ἐρεῖ τις τῶν ἀκουόντων, κατὰ τὸν πλούσιον ἐκεῖνον, ὅτι Καὶ ἡμεῖς ταῦτα ἐφυλαξάμεθα: οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐκλέψαμεν, οὐκ ἐφονεύσαμεν, οὐκ ἐμοιχεύσαμεν. Ἀλλ' οὐ δήπου καὶ τοῦτο εἰπεῖν δυνήσῃ, ὅτι ἠγάπησας τὸν πλησίον, ὡς ἀγαπῆσαι ἔδει. Ἢ γὰρ ἐβάσκηνέ τις, ἢ ἐκακηγόρησεν, ἢ οὐκ ἤμυνεν ἀδικουμένῳ, ἢ οὐ μετέδωκε τῶν ὄντων, οὐδ' ἠγάπησε. Νῦν δὲ οὐ τοῦτο μόνον ἐπέταξεν ὁ Χριστὸς, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἕτερον. Ποῖον δὴ τοῦτο; Πώλησόν σου τὰ ὑπάρχοντα, φησὶ, καὶ δὸς πτωχοῖς, καὶ δεῦρο ἀκολούθει μοι: τὴν διὰ τῶν ἔργων μίμησιν λέγων ἀκολούθησιν. Τί τοίνυν ἐντεῦθεν μανθάνομεν; Πρῶτον μὲν, ὅτι τὸν μὴ πάντα ἔχοντα ταῦτα οὐκ ἔνι τῶν πρωτείων ἐπιτυχεῖν τῶν ἐν τῇ λήξει ἐκείνῃ. Μετὰ γὰρ τὸ εἰπεῖν αὐτὸν, ὅτι Πάντα ἐποίησα, ὡς καταλελειμμένου μεγάλου τινὸς εἰς τελείαν εὐδοκίμησιν, λέγει: Εἰ θέλεις τέλειος εἶναι, πώλησόν σου τὰ ὑπάρχοντα, καὶ δὸς πτωχοῖς, καὶ δεῦρο ἀκολούθει μοι. Πρῶτον μὲν οὖν τοῦτο ἔστι μαθεῖν: δεύτερον δὲ, ὅτι καὶ αὐτὸν ἐκεῖνον διήλεγξεν εἰκῆ κομπάζοντα. Ὁ γὰρ ἐν περιουσίᾳ τοσαύτῃ ζῶν, καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους περιορῶν ἐν πενίᾳ, πῶς ἂν τὸν πλησίον ἠγάπησεν; Οὐ τοίνυν οὐδὲ ἐκεῖνο ἀληθῶς εἶπεν. Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς κἀκεῖνο καὶ ταῦτα ποιῶμεν, καὶ σπουδάζωμεν τὰ ὄντα κενῶσαι, καὶ τὸν οὐρανὸν πρίασθαι. Εἰ γὰρ ὑπὲρ ἀξιώματός τις βιωτικοῦ ὅλην πολλάκις τὴν οὐσίαν ἐπέδωκεν, ἀξιώματος τοῦ μέλλοντος ἐνταῦθα μένειν. οὐδὲ πολὺν παραμένοντος χρόνον (πολλοὶ γὰρ καὶ πρὸ πολλοῦ τῆς τελευτῆς ταύτην ἀπεδύσαντο τὴν ἀρχὴν, ἕτεροι δὲ διὰ ταύτην ἐζημιώθησαν καὶ τὴν ζωὴν αὐτὴν πολλάκις: ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ ταῦτα εἰδότες, πάντα κενοῦσιν ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς): εἰ τοίνυν ὑπὲρ ταύτης τοσαῦτα ποιοῦσιν, ὑπὲρ τῆς μενούσης ἐκείνης, καὶ ἀναφαιρέτου, τί γένοιτ' ἂν ἡμῶν ἀθλιώτερον, μηδὲ ὀλίγα προϊεμένων, μηδὲ ταῦτα παρεχόντων ἃ καὶ μικρὸν ὕστερον ὄντες ἐνταῦθα ἀφήσομεν; Ποίας οὖν ταῦτα οὐκ ἂν εἴη μανίας, ἅπερ ἄκοντες ἀφαιρούμεθα, ταῦτα παρὸν ἑκόντας δοῦναι καὶ μεθ' ἑαυτῶν λαβεῖν μὴ βουληθῆναι; Ἀλλ' εἰ μὲν ἐπὶ θάνατόν τις ἤγετο, εἶτα προὔκειτο πάντα τὰ ὄντα προέμενον ἀπαλλαγῆναι, καὶ χάριν ἂν τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐνομίσαμεν: νῦν δὲ παρὸν τὴν ἐπὶ γέενναν ἀγομένους ὁδὸν, τὰ ἡμίση δόντας ἐλευθερωθῆναι, αἱρούμεθα καὶ κολάζεσθαι καὶ κατέχειν εἰκῆ τὰ μὴ ἡμέτερα, ὥστε τὰ ἡμέτερα προέσθαι. Τίνα οὖν ἕξομεν ἀπολογίαν; ποίαν συγγνώμην, οὕτως εὐκόλου τετμημένης ἡμῖν ὁδοῦ πρὸς ζωὴν, κατὰ κρημνῶν φερόμενοι, καὶ τὴν ἄκαρπον βαδίζοντες ὁδὸν, καὶ τῶν ἐνταῦθα καὶ τῶν ἐκεῖ πάντων ἑαυτοὺς ἀποστεροῦντες, παρὸν ἀμφότερα καρπώσασθαι μετὰ ἀδείας; Ἀλλ' εἰ καὶ μὴ πρότερον, κἂν νῦν γοῦν ἀνενέγκωμεν, καὶ ἡμῶν αὐτῶν γενόμενοι τὰ παρόντα διαθῶμεν εἰς δέον, ἵνα καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα μετ' εὐκολίας λάβωμεν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἡ δόξα, ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.