John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Gospel of John

“Jesus saith unto her, Woman, believe Me, the hour cometh, when ye shall neither in this mountain, nor yet at Jerusalem, worship the Father. Ye worship ye know not what; we know what we worship, for salvation is of the Jews.”

[1.] Everywhere, beloved, we have need of faith, faith the mother of blessings, the medicine of salvation; and without this it is impossible to possess any one of the great doctrines. Without this, men are like to those who attempt to cross855 διαβαλεῖν, al. διαλαβεῖν, al. διαπερᾶν the open sea without a ship, who for a little way hold out by swimming, using both hands and feet, but when they have advanced farther, are quickly swamped by the waves: in like manner they who use their own reasonings, before they have learnt anything, suffer shipwreck; as also Paul saith, “Who concerning faith have made shipwreck.” ( 1 Tim. i. 19.) That this be not our case, let us hold fast the sacred anchor by which Christ bringeth over the Samaritan woman now. For when she had said, “How say ye856 ὑ μεῖς λέγετε, G. T. that Jerusalem is the place in which men ought to worship?” Christ replied, “Believe Me, woman, that the hour cometh, when ye shall neither in Jerusalem, nor yet in this mountain, worship the Father.” An exceedingly great857 πολὺ μέγα doctrine He revealed to her, and one which He did not mention either to Nicodemus or Nathanael. She was eager to prove her own privileges more honorable than those of the Jews; and this she subtly argued from the Fathers, but Christ met not this question. For it was for the time distracting858 πάρελκον to speak on the matter, and to show why the Fathers worshiped in the mountain, and why the Jews at Jerusalem. Wherefore on this point He was silent, and having taken away from both places priority in dignity, rouses her soul by showing that neither Jews nor Samaritans possessed anything great in comparison with that which was to be given; and then He introduceth the difference. Yet even thus He declared that the Jews were more honorable, not preferring place to place, but giving them the precedence because of their intention. As though He had said, “About the ‘place’ of worship ye have no need henceforth to dispute, but in the ‘manner’ the Jews have an advantage over you Samaritans, for ‘ye,’ He saith, ‘worship ye know not what; we know what we worship.’”

How then did the Samaritans “know not” what they worshiped? Because they thought that God was local and partial; so at least they served Him, and so they sent to the Persians, and reported that “the God of this place is wroth with us” ( 2 Kings xxvi.), in this respect forming no higher opinion of Him than of their idols. Wherefore they continued to serve both Him and devils, joining things which ought not to be joined. The Jews, on the contrary, were free from this supposition, at least the greater part of them, and knew that He was God of the world. Therefore He saith, “Ye worship ye know not what; we know what we worship.” Do not wonder that He numbereth Himself among Jews, for He speaketh to the woman’s opinion of Him as though He were a Jewish Prophet, and therefore He putteth, “we worship.” For that He is of the objects of worship is clear to every one, because to worship belongs to the creature, but to be worshiped to the Lord of the creature. But for a time He speaketh as a Jew; and the expression “we” in this place meaneth “we Jews.” Having then exalted what was Jewish, He next maketh Himself credible, and persuadeth the woman to give the greater heed to His words, by rendering His discourse above suspicion, and showing that He doth not exalt what belongs to them by reason of relationship859 al. “favor.” to those of His own tribe. For it is clear, that one who had made these declarations concerning the place on which the Jews most prided themselves, and thought that they were superior to all, and who had taken away their high claims, would not after this860 al. “at this rate.” speak to get favor of any, but with truth and prophetic power. When therefore He had for a while removed her from such reasonings,861 al. “removed (her) reasoning from such things.” say ing, “Woman, believe Me,” and what follows, then He addeth, “for salvation is of the Jews.” What He saith is of this kind: neither, that blessings to the world came from them, (for to know God and condemn idols had its beginning from them, and with you the very act of worship, although ye do it not rightly, yet received its origin from them,) or else, He speaketh of His own Coming. Or rather, one would not be wrong in calling both these things “salvation” which He said was “of the Jews”; which Paul implied when he said, “Of whom is Christ according to the flesh, who is God over all.” ( Rom. ix. 5.) Seest thou how He commendeth862 συγκροτεῖ the old Covenant, and showeth that it is the root of blessings, and that He is throughout not opposed to the Law, since He maketh the groundwork863 ὑ πόθεσιν of all good things to come from the Jews?

Ver. 23. “But the hour cometh, and now is, when the true worshipers shall worship the Father.”

“We, O woman,” He saith, “excel you in the manner of our worship, but even this shall henceforth have an end. Not the places only, but even the manner of serving God shall be changed. And this change is at your very doors. ‘For the hour cometh, and now is.’”

[2.] For since what the Prophets said they said long before the event, to show that here it is not so,864 lit. “removing this.” He saith, “And now is.” Think not, He saith, that this is a prophecy of such a kind as shall be accomplished after a long time, the fulfillment is already at hand and at your very doors, “when the true worshipers shall worship the Father in spirit and in truth.” In saying “true,”865 al. “truth.” He excludeth Jews as well as Samaritans; for although the Jews be better than the Samaritans, yet are they far inferior to those that shall come, as inferior as is the type to the reality. But He speaketh of the Church, that she866 or, “this.” is the “true” worship, and such as is meet for God.

“For the Father seeketh such to worship Him.”

If then He in times past sought such as these, He allowed to those others their way of worship, not willingly,867 The passage is read differently in the ms. in Bodl. “not willing them to continue in those ancient (practices).” but from condescension, and for this reason,868 al. “by these means.” that He might bring them in also. Who then are “the true worshipers”? Those who confine not their service by place, and who serve God in spirit; as Paul saith, “Whom I serve in my spirit869 al. “in spirit. where? in,” &c. in the Gospel of His Son”: and again, “I beseech you that ye present your bodies a living sacrifice, acceptable unto God, your reasonable service.” ( Rom. i. 9 and xii. 1.) But when he saith,

Ver. 24. “God is a Spirit” [God is spirit]. He declareth nothing else than His incorporeal Nature. Now the service of that which is incorporeal must needs be of the same character, and must be offered by that in us which is incorporeal, to wit, the soul, and purity of mind. Wherefore He saith, “they that worship Him, must worship Him in spirit and in truth.” For because both Samaritans and Jews were careless about the soul, but took great pains about the body, cleansing it in divers ways, it is not, He saith, by purity of body, but by that which is incorporeal in us, namely the mind, that the incorporeal One is served. Sacrifice then not sheep and calves, but dedicate thyself to the Lord; make thyself a holocaust, this is to offer a living sacrifice. Ye must worship “in truth”870 ms. in Bodl. “this is to worship in truth.” ; as former things were types, such as circumcision, and whole burnt offerings, and victims, and incense, they now no longer exist, but all is “truth.” For a man must now circumcise not his flesh, but his evil thoughts, and crucify himself, and remove and slay his unreasonable desires.” The woman was made dizzy by His discourse, and fainted871 ἀ πηγόρευσε in at the sublimity of what He said, and, in her trouble, hear what she saith:

Ver. 25, 26. “I know that Messias cometh, which is called Christ: when He is come, He will tell us all things. Jesus saith unto her, I am that speak unto thee.”

And whence came the Samaritans to expect the coming of Christ, seeing that they received Moses only?872 ms. in Bodl. “the law of Moses.” From the writings of Moses themselves. For even in the beginning He revealed the Son. “Let Us make man in Our Image, after Our Likeness” ( Gen. i. 26 ), was said to the Son. It was He who talked with Abraham in the tent. ( Gen. xviii.) And Jacob prophesying concerning Him said, “A ruler shall not fail from Judah, nor a leader from his thighs, until He come for whom it is reserved, 873 ᾧ ἀπόκειται and He is the expectation of nations.” ( Gen. xviii.) And Moses himself saith, “The Lord thy God will raise up unto you a Prophet of your brethren like unto me, unto Him shall ye hearken.” ( Deut. xviii. 15.) And the circumstances attending the serpent, and the rod of Moses, and Isaac, and the sheep, and many other things they who chose might select as proclaiming His coming.

“And why, pray,” saith one, “did not Christ lead on the woman by these means? why did He instance the serpent to Nicodemus, and mention prophecy to Nathanael, but to her say nothing of the kind? For what reason, and why?” Because they were men, and were versed in these things, she a poor ignorant woman unpracticed in the Scriptures. Wherefore He doth not speak to her from them, but draweth her on by the “water” and by prophecy, and bringeth her to make mention of Christ and then revealeth Himself; which had He at first told the woman when she had not questioned Him, He would have seemed to her to trifle and talk idly, while as it is by bringing her little by little to mention Him, at a fitting time He revealed Himself. To the Jews, who continually said, “How long dost Thou make us to doubt? tell us if Thou art the Christ” ( c. x. 24 ), to them874 al. “this.” He gave no clear answer, but to this woman He said plainly, that He is. For the woman was more fair-minded than the Jews; they did not enquire to learn, but always to mock at Him, for had they desired to learn, the teaching which was by His words, and by the Scriptures, and by His miracles would have been sufficient. The woman, on the contrary, said what she said from an impartial judgment and a simple mind, as is plain from what she did afterwards; for she both heard and believed, and netted875 ἐ σαγήνευσε others also, and in every circumstance we may observe the carefulness and faith of the woman.

Ver. 27. “And upon this came His disciples,” (very seasonably did they come when the teaching was finished,) “and marveled that He talked with the woman, yet no man said, What seekest Thou? or, Why talkest Thou with her?”

[3.] At what did they marvel? At His want of pride and exceeding humility, that looked upon as He was, He endured with such lowliness of heart to talk with a woman poor, and a Samaritan. Still in their amazement they did not ask Him the reason, so well were they taught to keep the station of disciples, so much did they fear and reverence Him. For although they did not as yet hold the right opinion concerning Him, still they gave heed unto Him as to some marvelous one, and paid Him much respect. Yet they frequently are seen to act confidently; as when John lay upon His bosom, when they came to Him and said, “Who is the greatest in the Kingdom of Heaven?” ( Matt. xviii. 1 ), when the sons of Zebedee entreated Him to set one of them on His right hand, and the other on His left. Why then did they not here question Him? Because since all those instances related to themselves, they had need to enquire into them, while what here took place was of no such great importance to them. And indeed John did that a long time after towards the very end, when He enjoyed greater confidence, and was bold in the love of Christ; for he it was,876 ms. in Bodleian, “for, saith the Evangelist, Peter looks on the disciple.” he saith, “whom Jesus loved.” What could equal such blessedness?

But, beloved, let us not stop at this, the calling the Apostle blessed, but let us do all things that we also may be of the blessed, let us imitate the Evangelist, and see what it was that caused such great love. What then was it? He left his father, his ship, and his net, and followed Jesus. Yet this he did in common with his brother, and Peter, and Andrew, and the rest of the Apostles. What then was the special877 ἐ ξαίρετον thing which caused this great love? Shall we discover it? He saith nothing of this kind about himself, but only that he was beloved; as to the righteous acts for which he was beloved he has modestly been silent. That Jesus loved him with an especial love was clear to every one; yet John doth not appear conversing with or questioning Jesus privately, as Peter often did, and Philip, and Judas, and Thomas, except only when he desired to show kindness and compliance to his fellow Apostle; for when the chief878 κορυφαῖος of the Apostles by beckoning constrained him, then he asked. For these two had great love each for the other. Thus, for instance, they are seen going up together into the Temple and speaking in common to the people. Yet Peter in many places879 al. “all places.” is moved, and speaks more warmly than John. And at the end he hears Christ say, “Peter,880 Σίμων ̓Ιωνᾶ, G. T. lovest thou Me more than these?” ( c. xxi. 15.) Now it is clear that he who loved “more than these” was also beloved. But this in his case was shown by loving Jesus, in the case of the other by being beloved by Jesus.881 i.e. St. Peter loved his Lord, and therefore we infer that he was loved of Him; of St. John Scripture speaks expressly, as being “the Disciple whom Jesus loved.”

What then was it which caused this especial love? To my thinking, it was that the man displayed great gentleness and meekness, for which reason he doth not appear in many places speaking openly. And how great a thing this is, is plain also from the case of Moses. It was this which made him such and so great as he was. There is nothing equal to lowliness of mind. For which cause Jesus with this began the Beatitudes, and when about to lay as it were the foundation and base of a mighty building, He placed first lowliness of mind. Without this a man cannot possibly be saved; though he fast, though he pray, though he give alms, if it be with a proud spirit, these882 al. “all.” things are abominable, if humility be not there; while if it be, all these things are amiable and lovely, and are done with safety. Let us then be modest,883 μετριάζωμεν beloved, let us be modest; success is easy, if we be sober-minded. For after all what is it, O man, that exciteth thee to pride? Seest thou not the poverty of thy nature? the unsteadiness884 τὸ εὐόλισθον of thy will? Consider thine end, consider the multitude of thy sins. But perhaps because thou doest many righteous deeds thou art proud. By that very pride thou shalt undo them all. Wherefore it behoveth not so much him that has sinned885 al. “that sinneth.” as him that doeth righteousness to take pains to be humble. Why so? Because the sinner is constrained by conscience, while the other, except he be very sober, soon caught up as by a blast of wind is lifted on high, and made to vanish like the Pharisee. Dost thou give to the poor? What thou givest is not thine, but thy Master’s, common to thee and thy fellow-servants. For which cause thou oughtest especially to be humbled, in the calamities of those who are thy kindred foreseeing thine own, and taking knowledge of thine own nature in their cases. We ourselves perhaps are sprung from such ancestors; and if wealth has shifted to you, it is probable that it will leave you again. And after all, what is wealth? A vain886 ἀ δρανὴς shadow, dissolving smoke, a flower of the grass, or rather something meaner than a flower. Why then art thou high-minded over grass? Doth not wealth fall to thieves, and effeminates, and harlots, and tomb-breakers? Doth this puff thee up, that thou hast such as these to share in thy possession? or dost thou desire honor? Towards gaining honor nothing is more serviceable than almsgiving. For the honors arising from wealth and power are compulsory, and attended with hatred, but these others are from the free will and real feeling of the honorers; and therefore those who pay them can never give them. Now if men show such reverence for the merciful, and invoke all blessings upon them, consider what return, what recompense they shall receive from the merciful God. Let us then seek this wealth which endureth forever, and never deserts887 δραπετεύοντα us, that, becoming great here and glorious there, we may obtain everlasting blessings, through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, with whom to the Father and the Holy Spirit be glory, now and ever, and world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΛΓʹ. Λέγει αὐτῇ ὁ Ἰησοῦς: Γύναι, πίστευσόν μοι, ὅτι ἔρχεται ὥρα, ὅτε οὔτε ἐν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ, οὔτε ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις προσκυνήσετε τῷ Πατρί. Ὑμεῖς προσκυνεῖτε ὃ οὐκ οἴδατε: ἡμεῖς προσκυνοῦμεν ὃ οἴδαμεν, ὅτι ἡ σωτηρία ἐκ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐστίν. αʹ. Πανταχοῦ πίστεως ἡμῖν δεῖ, ἀγαπητοὶ, πίστεως, τῆς μητρὸς τῶν ἀγαθῶν, τοῦ τῆς σωτηρίας φαρμάκου: καὶ ταύτης ἄνευ οὐδὲν ἔστι κατασχεῖν τῶν μεγάλων δογμάτων. Ἀλλ' ἐοίκασι τοῖς πέλαγος νηὸς χωρὶς ἐπιχειροῦσι διαπερᾷν, οἳ μέχρι μὲν ὀλίγου νηχόμενοι διαρκοῦσι χερσὶν ὁμοῦ καὶ ποσὶ χρώμενοι, περαιτέρω δὲ προελθόντες, ταχέως ὑπὸ τῶν κυμάτων βαπτίζονται: οὕτω καὶ οἱ τοῖς οἰκείοις χρώμενοι λογισμοῖς, πρὶν ἤ τι μαθεῖν, ναυάγιον ὑπομένουσιν: καθὼς καὶ ὁ Παῦλός φησιν, Οἵτινες περὶ τὴν πίστιν ἐναυάγησαν. Ὅπερ ἵνα μὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς πάθωμεν, τὴν ἱερὰν κατέχωμεν ἄγκυραν, δι' ἧς καὶ τὴν Σαμαρεῖτιν ὁ Χριστὸς ἐπάγεται νῦν. Εἰπούσης γὰρ ἐκείνης, Πῶς ὑμεῖς λέγετε ὅτι ἐν τοῖς Ἱεροσολύμοις ἐστὶν ὁ τόπος, ἐν ᾧ δεῖ προσκυνεῖν; ὁ Χριστὸς ἔλεγεν: Πίστευσόν μοι, γύναι, ὅτι ἔρχεται ὥρα, ὅτε οὔτε ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις, οὔτε ἐν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ προσκυνήσετε τῷ Πατρί. Πολὺ μέγα αὐτῇ δόγμα ἀπεκάλυψε, καὶ ὅπερ οὐδὲ Νικοδήμῳ, οὐδὲ τῷ Ναθαναὴλ εἶπεν. Αὕτη μὲν οὖν ἐσπούδαζε σεμνότερα δεῖξαι τὰ αὐτῆς τῶν Ἰουδαϊκῶν, καὶ τοῦτο ἀπὸ τῶν πατέρων ἐσοφίζετο: ὁ δὲ Χριστὸς οὐ πρὸς ταύτην ἀπήντησε τὴν ἐρώτησιν. Παρέλκον γὰρ τέως ἦν τοῦτο εἰπεῖν καὶ δεῖξαι, διατί μὲν οἱ πατέρες ἐν τῷ ὄρει, διατί δὲ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις προσεκύνουν. Διὸ τοῦτο μὲν ἀπεσιώπησεν: ἀμφοτέρων δὲ τῶν τύπων τὰ πρεσβεῖα ἀνελὼν, διανίστησιν αὐτῆς τὴν ψυχὴν, δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐδὲ Ἰουδαῖοι οὐδὲ αὐτοὶ ἔχουσί τι μέγα πρὸς τὸ μέλλον δωρεῖσθαι: καὶ τότε τὴν διαφορὰν εἰσάγει. Πλὴν καὶ οὕτω σεμνοτέρους τοὺς Ἰουδαίους ἀπέφηνεν, οὐ τόπον τόπου προτιμῶν, ἀλλὰ ἀπὸ τῆς διανοίας ἐκείνης τὴν προεδρείαν διδοὺς, ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγεν: Τόπου μὲν ἕνεκεν, οὐδὲν δεῖ λοιπὸν φιλονεικεῖν. Ἰουδαῖοι μέντοι τῷ τρόπῳ τὸ πλέον τῶν Σαμαρειτῶν ἔσχον: Ὑμεῖς μὲν γὰρ, φησὶ, προσκυνεῖτε ὃ οὐκ οἴδατε: ἡμεῖς δὲ προσκυνοῦμεν ὃ οἴδαμεν. Πῶς οὖν οὐκ ᾔδεσαν οἱ Σαμαρεῖται ὃ προσεκύνουν; Ὅτι τοπικὸν καὶ μερικὸν Θεὸν ἐνόμιζον εἶναι: οὕτω γοῦν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐθεράπευον: οὕτω καὶ Πέρσαις πέμψαντες ἀπήγγειλαν, ὅτι Ὁ τοῦ τόπου τούτου Θεὸς ἡμῖν ἀγανακτεῖ, οὐδὲν πλέον περὶ αὐτοῦ κατὰ τοῦτο τῶν εἰδώλων φανταζόμενοι. Διόπερ ἔμενον καὶ δαίμονας καὶ αὐτὸν θεραπεύοντες, καὶ τὰ ἄμικτα μιγνύντες. Ἰουδαῖοι δὲ ταύτης ἦσαν ἀπηλλαγμένοι τῆς ὑπονοίας, καὶ τῆς οἰκουμένης αὐτὸν ᾔδεσαν εἶναι Θεὸν, εἰ καὶ μὴ πάντες. Διὰ τοῦτό φησιν, Ὑμεῖς προσκυνεῖτε ὃ οὐκ οἴδατε: ἡμεῖς δὲ προσκυνοῦμεν ὃ οἴδαμεν. Μὴ θαυμάσῃς δὲ ὅτι μετὰ Ἰουδαίων ἑαυτὸν ἀριθμεῖ: πρὸς γὰρ τὴν ὑπόνοιαν τῆς γυναικὸς διαλέγεται, ὡς προφήτης ὢν Ἰουδαίων. Διὸ καὶ τὸ, Προσκυνοῦμεν, τέθεικεν. Ὅτι γὰρ τῶν προσκυνουμένων ἐστὶ, παντί που δῆλον. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ προσκυνεῖν, τῆς κτίσεως, τὸ δὲ προσκυνεῖσθαι, τοῦ τῆς κτίσεως Δεσπότου. Ἀλλὰ τέως ὡς Ἰουδαῖος διαλέγεται. Τὸ οὖν, Ἡμεῖς, ἐνταῦθα, Ἡμεῖς οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, φησίν. Ἐπάρας τοίνυν τὰ Ἰουδαϊκὰ, πάλιν ἀξιόπιστον ἑαυτὸν ποιεῖ, καὶ πείθει μᾶλλον τοῖς ὑπ' αὐτοῦ λεγομένοις προσέχειν, ἀνύποπτον ποιῶν τὸν λόγον, καὶ δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐ τῇ πρὸς τὸ ὁμόφυλον συγγενείᾳ τὰ ἐκείνων ἐπαίρει. Ὁ γὰρ περὶ τοῦ τόπου ταῦτα ἀποφηνάμενος, ἐφ' ᾧ μάλιστα ηὔχουν Ἰουδαῖοι καὶ πλεονεκτεῖν πάντων ἐνόμιζον, καὶ τὰ σεμνὰ τούτων καθελὼν, εὔδηλον ὅτι οὐδὲ κατὰ ταῦτα πρὸς χάριν τινὸς ἔλεγεν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ ἀληθείας καὶ προῤῥητικῇ δυνάμει. Ἐπεὶ οὖν τῶν τοιούτων λογισμῶν τέως ἀπέστησεν εἰπὼν, Πίστευσόν μοι, γύναι, καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς, ἐπάγει, Ὅτι ἡ σωτηρία ἐκ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐστίν. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν: ἢ ὅτι τὰ ἀγαθὰ τῇ οἰκουμένῃ ἐκεῖθεν γέγονε (τὸ γὰρ εἰδέναι Θεὸν καὶ τὸ καταγινώσκειν εἰδώλων, ἐκεῖθεν τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔσχεν: καὶ τὰ ἄλλα πάντα δόγματα, καὶ παρ' ὑμῖν δὲ αὐτὸ τὸ τῆς προσκυνήσεως, εἰ καὶ μὴ ὀρθῶς, ἀπὸ γοῦν τῶν Ἰουδαίων τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔλαβε): σωτηρίαν οὖν ἢ ταῦτα ἢ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ παρουσίαν καλεῖ: μᾶλλον δὲ οὐκ ἄν τις ἁμάρτοι ἀμφότερα ταῦτα σωτηρίαν καλῶν, ἣν εἶπεν ἐκ τῶν Ἰουδαίων εἶναι. Ὅπερ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος αἰνιττόμενος ἔλεγεν: Ἐξ ὧν ὁ Χριστὸς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα, ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων Θεός. Ὁρᾷς πῶς συγκροτεῖ τὴν Παλαιὰν, καὶ ῥίζαν δείκνυσι τῶν ἀγαθῶν, καὶ διὰ πάντων οὐκ ἐναντίον ὄντα τῷ νόμῳ, εἴγε ἐκ τῶν Ἰουδαίων τὴν ὑπόθεσιν εἶναι πάντων τῶν ἀγαθῶν φησιν; Ἀλλ' ἔρχεται ὥρα, καὶ νῦν ἐστιν, ὅτε οἱ ἀληθινοὶ προσκυνηταὶ προσκυνήσουσι τῷ Πατρί. Πλεονεκτοῦμεν μὲν ὑμῶν, ὦ γύναι, φησὶ, τῷ τρόπῳ τῆς προσκυνήσεως: πλὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ οὗτος τέλος ἕξει λοιπόν. Οὐ γὰρ τὰ τῶν τόπων ἀμειφθήσεται μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ τοῦ τρόπου τῆς λατρείας, καὶ ταῦτα ἐπὶ θύραις ἕστηκεν: Ἔρχεται γὰρ ὥρα, καὶ νῦν ἐστιν. βʹ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οἱ προφῆται πρὸ μακρῶν ἔλεγον χρόνων ἅπερ ἔλεγον, τοῦτο ἀναιρῶν ἐνταῦθα εἶπε, Καὶ νῦν ἐστι. Μὴ νομίσῃς, φησὶ, ταύτην τοιαύτην εἶναι τὴν προφητείαν, ὡς μετὰ πολὺν γενήσεσθαι χρόνον. Τὰ γὰρ πράγματα ἐφέστηκεν ἤδη, καὶ ἐπὶ θύραις ἐστὶν, Ὅτε οἱ ἀληθινοὶ προσκυνηταὶ προσκυνήσουσι τῷ Πατρὶ ἐν πνεύματι καὶ ἀληθείᾳ. Εἰπὼν ἀληθινοὺς, συνεξέβαλε Σαμαρείταις Ἰουδαίους. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ ἐκείνων ἀμείνους οὗτοι, ἀλλὰ τῶν μελλόντων ἐλάττους πολλῷ, καὶ τοσοῦτον, ὅσον ἀληθείας τύπος. Λέγει δὲ περὶ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας, ὅτι ἡ ἀληθὴς προσκύνησις καὶ Θεῷ πρέπουσα αὕτη ἐστίν. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ τοιούτους ζητεῖ τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας αὐτόν. Οὐκοῦν εἰ τοιούτους πάλαι ἐζήτει, οὐ βουλόμενος ἐκείνοις συνεχώρησε τὸν τρόπον, ἀλλὰ συγκαταβαίνων, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο, ἵνα καὶ τούτους εἰσαγάγῃ. Τίνες οὖν εἰσιν οἱ ἀληθινοὶ προσκυνηταί; Οἱ μήτε τόπῳ περικλείοντες τὴν λατρείαν, καὶ Θεὸν ἐν πνεύματι θεραπεύοντες: καθὼς καὶ ὁ Παῦλός φησιν: Ὧ| λατρεύω ἐν τῷ πνεύματί μου, ἐν τῷ Εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ: καὶ πάλιν, Παρακαλῶ ὑμᾶς παραστῆσαι τὰ σώματα ὑμῶν θυσίαν ζῶσαν, εὐάρεστον τῷ Θεῷ, τὴν λογικὴν λατρείαν ὑμῶν. Ὅταν δὲ εἴπῃ, Πνεῦμα ὁ Θεὸς, οὐδὲν ἄλλο δηλοῖ, ἢ τὸ ἀσώματον. Δεῖ τοίνυν τοῦ ἀσωμάτου καὶ τὴν λατρείαν τοιαύτην εἶναι, καὶ διὰ τοῦ ἐν ἡμῖν ἀσωμάτου προσφέρεσθαι: τουτέστιν, διὰ τῆς ψυχῆς καὶ τῆς τοῦ νοῦ καθαρότητος. Διό φησι: Καὶ τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας αὐτὸν, ἐν πνεύματι καὶ ἀληθείᾳ δεῖ προσκυνεῖν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ καὶ ἐκεῖνοι καὶ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι τῆς μὲν ψυχῆς ἠμέλουν, πολλὴν δὲ περὶ τὸ σῶμα σπουδὴν ἐποιοῦντο, καθαίροντες αὐτὸ παντοδαπῶς: φησὶν ὅτι οὐ τῇ τοῦ σώματος καθαρότητι, ἀλλὰ τῷ ἐν ἡμῖν ἀσωμάτῳ, τουτέστι τῷ νῷ, ὁ ἀσώματος θεραπεύεται. Μὴ τοίνυν πρόβατα θύετε καὶ μόσχους, ἀλλ' ὅλον σαυτὸν ἀνάθες τῷ Θεῷ καὶ ὁλοκαύτωσον: τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι θυσίαν ζῶσαν παραστῆσαι. Ἐν γὰρ ἀληθείᾳ δεῖ προσκυνεῖν: ὡς τά γε πρότερα τύπος ἦν, ἡ περιτομὴ, τὰ ὁλοκαυτώματα, τὰ θύματα, τὰ θυμιάματα: νυνὶ δὲ οὐκέτι, ἀλλ' ἀλήθεια τὸ πᾶν. Οὐ γὰρ σάρκα, ἀλλὰ πονηροὺς δεῖ περικόπτειν λογισμοὺς, καὶ σταυροῦν ἑαυτὸν, καὶ τὰς ἀλόγους ἀναιρεῖν ἐπιθυμίας καὶ κατασφάττειν. Ἰλιγγίασεν ἡ γυνὴ πρὸς τὰ λεχθέντα, καὶ ἀπηγόρευσε πρὸς τὸ ὕψος τῶν εἰρημένων, καὶ καμοῦσα ἄκουσον τί φησιν: Οἶδα ὅτι ἔρχεται Μεσσίας ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός: ὅταν ἔλθῃ ἐκεῖνος, ἀναγγελεῖ ἡμῖν πάντα. Λέγει αὐτῇ ὁ Ἰησοῦς: Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ λαλῶν σοι. Καὶ πόθεν Σαμαρείταις τὸ προσδοκᾷν τὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ παρουσίαν, τὸν Μωϋσέα δεξάμενοι μόνον; Ἀπ' αὐτῶν τῶν Μωϋσέως γραμμάτων. Καὶ γὰρ ἐν ἀρχῇ τὸν Υἱὸν ἀπεκάλυψε. Τὸ γὰρ, Ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατ' εἰκόνα καὶ καθ' ὁμοίωσιν ἡμετέραν, πρὸς τὸν Υἱὸν εἴρητο: καὶ τῷ Ἀβραὰμ ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ διαλεγόμενος: καὶ ὁ Ἰακὼβ περὶ αὐτοῦ προφητεύων ἔλεγεν: Οὐκ ἐκλείψει ἄρχων ἐξ Ἰούδα, οὐδὲ ἡγούμενος ἐκ τῶν μηρῶν αὐτοῦ, ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ ᾧ ἀπόκειται, καὶ αὐτὸς προσδοκία ἐθνῶν. Καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ Μωϋσῆς φησι: Προφήτην ὑμῖν ἀναστήσει Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν, ὡς ἐμέ: αὐτοῦ ἀκούσεσθε: Καὶ τὰ κατὰ τὸν ὄφιν, καὶ τὰ κατὰ τὴν ῥάβδον τὴν Μωϋσέως, καὶ τὰ κατὰ τὸν Ἰσαὰκ καὶ τὸ πρόβατον, καὶ πολλὰ ἕτερα ἐνῆν βουλομένοις ἐκλέγειν τὴν παρουσίαν αὐτοῦ ἀνακηρύττοντα. Καὶ τί δήποτε, φησὶν, οὐκ ἀπὸ τούτων ἐνῆγε τὴν γυναῖκα ὁ Χριστὸς, ἀλλὰ τῷ μὲν Νικοδήμῳ τὸν ὄφιν εἰς μέσον ἤγαγε, καὶ τῷ Ναθαναὴλ προφητείας ἀνέμνησε, ταύτῃ δὲ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον εἶπεν; Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν καὶ διατί; Ὅτι ἐκεῖνοι μὲν ἄνδρες ἦσαν, καὶ ἐν τούτοις ἐστρέφοντο: αὕτη δὲ γυνὴ πενιχρὰ, καὶ ἀμαθὴς, καὶ Γραφῶν ἄπειρος. Διὰ τοῦτο αὐτῇ οὐκ ἀπὸ τούτων διαλέγεται, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕδατος καὶ τῆς προῤῥήσεως αὐτὴν ἐπισπᾶται, καὶ διὰ τούτων εἰς μνήμην ἄγει τοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἐκκαλύπτει λοιπὸν ἑαυτόν: ὅπερ ἂν εἰ παρὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν μὴ ζητησάσῃ τῇ γυναικὶ εἶπεν, ἔδοξεν ἂν αὐτῇ ληρεῖν, καὶ εἰκῆ φθέγγεσθαι. Νῦν δὲ κατὰ μικρὸν αὐτὴν ἐπὶ τὴν μνήμην ἄγων, εὐκαίρως ἑαυτὸν ἀπεκάλυψε. Καὶ τοῖς μὲν Ἰουδαίοις συνεχῶς λέγουσιν, Ἕως πότε τὴν ψυχὴν ἡμῶν αἴρεις; εἰπὲ ἡμῖν, εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστός: τούτοις μὲν οὐκ ἀπεκρίνατο σαφῶς, ταύτῃ δὲ εἶπε φανερῶς αὐτὸς εἶναι. Εὐγνωμονεστέρα γὰρ ἦν ἡ γυνὴ τῶν Ἰουδαίων. Ἐκεῖνοι μὲν γὰρ οὐχ ὑπὲρ τοῦ μαθεῖν ἐζήτουν, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ τοῦ κωμῳδεῖν αὐτὸν ἀεί. Εἰ γὰρ ἐβούλοντο μαθεῖν, ἱκανὴ καὶ ἡ διὰ τῶν ῥημάτων, καὶ ἡ διὰ τῶν Γραφῶν, καὶ ἡ διὰ τῶν σημείων διδασκαλία ἦν. Αὕτη δὲ ἐξ ἀδεκάστου γνώμης καὶ ἁπλῆς διανοίας ἐφθέγγετο ἅπερ ἐφθέγγετο: καὶ δῆλον ἐκ τῶν μετὰ ταῦτα ὑπ' αὐτῆς γενομένων. Καὶ γὰρ ἤκουσε καὶ ἐπίστευσε, καὶ ἄλλους ἐπὶ τοῦτο ἐσαγήνευσεν: καὶ πανταχοῦ τῆς γυναικὸς ἔστιν ἰδεῖν τὸ ἠκριβωμένον καὶ τὸ πιστόν. Καὶ ἐπὶ τούτῳ ἦλθον οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ. Σφόδρα εἰς καιρὸν ἀπήντησαν, τῆς διδασκαλίας ἀπαρτισθείσης. Καὶ ἐθαύμαζον ὅτι μετὰ γυναικὸς ἐλάλει. Οὐδεὶς μέντοι εἶπε, Τί ζητεῖς; ἢ, Τί λαλεῖς μετ' αὐτῆς; γʹ. Τί δὲ ἐθαύμαζον; Τὸ ἄτυφον, τὸ ταπεινὸν μεθ' ὑπερβολῆς, ὅτι οὕτω περίβλεπτος ὢν, ἠνείχετο μετὰ τοσαύτης ταπεινοφροσύνης γυναικὶ διαλέγεσθαι πενιχρᾷ καὶ Σαμαρείτιδι. Ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ ἐκπλαγέντες οὐκ ἠρώτησαν τὴν αἰτίαν: οὕτως ἦσαν πεπαιδευμένοι τὴν τῶν μαθητῶν τάξιν διατηρεῖν, οὕτως αὐτὸν ἐδεδοίκεισαν καὶ ᾐδοῦντο. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ μηδέπω τὴν ἀξίαν περὶ αὐτοῦ δόξαν εἶχον, ἀλλ' ὅμως ὡς θαυμαστῷ τινι προσεῖχον, καὶ πολλὴν αὐτῷ ἀπένεμον τὴν αἰδώ. Καίτοι γε πολλαχοῦ φαίνονται πολλὰ παῤῥησιαζόμενοι: οἷον, ὅταν ὁ Ἰωάννης ἐπιπίπτῃ αὐτοῦ τῷ στήθει: ὅταν αὐτῷ προσιόντες λέγωσι, Τίς μείζων ἐστὶν ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τῶν οὐρανῶν; ὅταν οἱ υἱοὶ Ζεβεδαίου παρακαλῶσιν, ἵνα εἷς ἐκ δεξιῶν καὶ εἷς ἐξ εὐωνύμων καθίσῃ. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν ἐνταῦθα οὐκ ἠρώτησαν; Ὅτι ἐκεῖνα μὲν πάντα ὡς εἰς αὐτοὺς ἀνήκοντα ἀνάγκην εἶχον ἐξετάζειν: ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐδὲν αὐτοῖς τοσοῦτον διέφερε τὸ γιγνόμενον. Καὶ Ἰωάννης δὲ μετὰ πολὺν χρόνον τοῦτο ἐποίησε πρὸς αὐτῷ τῷ τέλει, ὅτε πλείονος ἀπήλαυσε παῤῥησίας, καὶ ἐθάῤῥει τῇ ἀγάπῃ τοῦ Χριστοῦ: Οὗτος γὰρ ἦν, φησὶν, ὃν ἠγάπα ὁ Ἰησοῦς. Τί τούτου τοῦ μακαρισμοῦ γένοιτ' ἂν ἴσον; Ἀλλὰ μὴ μέχρι τούτου στῶμεν, ἀγαπητοὶ, τοῦ μακαρίζειν τὸν Ἀπόστολον, ἀλλ' ὥστε καὶ τῶν μακαριζομένων γενέσθαι, πάντα πράττωμεν, καὶ μιμησώμεθα τὸν εὐαγγελιστὴν, καὶ ἴδωμεν τίνα ἦν ἃ τὴν ἀγάπην ἐποίησε τὴν τοσαύτην. Τίνα οὖν ἦν ταῦτα; Ἀφῆκε πατέρα, καὶ πλοῖον, καὶ δίκτυον, καὶ ἠκολούθησε τῷ Ἰησοῦ. Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο κοινὸν αὐτῷ καὶ πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἦν, καὶ πρὸς Πέτρον καὶ Ἀνδρέαν, καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους τῶν ἀποστόλων. Τί δὴ οὖν τὸ ἐξαίρετον ἦν, ὃ πολλὴν τὴν ἀγάπην ἐποίησεν; Αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ περὶ ἑαυτοῦ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτόν φησιν, ἀλλ' ἢ ὅτι ἠγαπᾶτο μόνον: τὰ δὲ κατορθώματα αὐτοῦ, δι' ἃ ἠγαπᾶτο, ἀπεσιώπησε μετριάζων. Ὅτι γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐξαίρετόν τινα ἀγάπην ἠγάπησε, παντί που δῆλον ἦν: ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐδὲ διαλεγόμενος, οὐδὲ ἐρωτῶν φαίνεται κατ' ἰδίαν αὐτὸν, καθὼς Πέτρος πολλάκις, καθὼς Φίλιππος, καθὼς Ἰούδας καὶ Θωμᾶς ἀλλ' ὅτε τῷ συναποστόλῳ χαρίσασθαι καὶ ὑπακοῦσαι ἠθέλησε, τότε μόνον. Ὅτε γὰρ ὁ κορυφαῖος αὐτὸν ἠνάγκασε τῶν ἀποστόλων νεύσας, τότε ἠρώτησεν: πολλὴν γὰρ οὗτοι πρὸς ἀλλήλους εἶχον ἀγάπην. Οὕτω γοῦν καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ ἱερὸν ὁμοῦ φαίνονται ἀναβαίνοντες καὶ κοινῇ δημηγοροῦντες. Καίτοι γε ὁ Πέτρος θερμότερον πολλαχοῦ καὶ κινεῖται καὶ φθέγγεται: καὶ πρὸς τῷ τέλει δὲ ἀκούει τοῦ Χριστοῦ λέγοντος: Πέτρε, φιλεῖς με πλέον τούτων; Ὁ δὲ πλέον τούτων ἀγαπῶν, εὔδηλον ὅτι καὶ ἠγαπᾶτο. Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο μὲν ἐκ τοῦ ἀγαπᾷν τὸν Ἰησοῦν, ἐκεῖνο δὲ ἐκ τοῦ ἀγαπᾶσθαι παρὰ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ δῆλον ἐγένετο. Τί οὖν ἐστιν, ὃ τὴν ἐξαίρετον ἀγάπην ἐποίησεν; Ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ πολλὴν τὸν ἄνδρα ἐπιείκειαν ἐπιδείκνυσθαι καὶ πραότητα: διόπερ οὐδὲ παῤῥησιαζόμενος πολλαχοῦ φαίνεται. Τοῦτο δὲ ἡλίκον ἐστὶν, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Μωϋσέως δῆλον. Καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνον τοσοῦτον καὶ τηλικοῦτον τοῦτο εἰργάσατο. Οὐδὲν γὰρ ταπεινοφροσύνης ἴσον. Διὰ τοῦτο τῶν μακαρισμῶν ἐντεῦθεν ἤρξατο ὁ Χριστός. Ὥσπερ γάρ τινα θεμέλιον καὶ κρηπῖδα μεγίστης οἰκοδομῆς καταβάλλεσθαι μέλλων, οὕτω τὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην πρώτην ἔθηκεν. Οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν, οὐκ ἔστιν ταύτης σωθῆναι χωρίς: ἀλλὰ κἂν νηστεύῃ τις, κἂν εὔχηται, κἂν ἐλεημοσύνην ποιῇ μετὰ ἀπονοίας, βδελυκτὰ πάντα, ταύτης μὴ παρούσης: ὥσπερ οὖν ποθεινὰ καὶ ἐπέραστα, παρούσης, καὶ μετὰ ἀσφαλείας πάντα γίνεται. Μετριάζωμεν τοίνυν, ἀγαπητοὶ, μετριάζωμεν. Καὶ γὰρ σφόδρα ῥᾴδιον τὸ κατόρθωμα, ἐὰν νήφωμεν. Τί γὰρ ὅλως ἐστὶ τὸ πρὸς ἀπόνοιάν σε ἐπαῖρον, ἄνθρωπε; Οὐχ ὁρᾷς τὸ τῆς φύσεως εὐτελές; τῆς προαιρέσεως τὸ εὐόλισθον; Ἐννόησον σαυτοῦ τὴν τελευτήν: ἐννόησον τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων τὸ πλῆθος. Ἀλλ' ἴσως πολλὰ κατορθῶν μέγα φρονεῖς; Αὐτῷ μὲν οὖν τούτῳ πάντα ἀπολεῖς. Διόπερ οὐχ οὕτω τὸν ἁμαρτάνοντα, ὡς τὸν κατορθοῦντα σπουδάζειν χρὴ μετριάζειν. Τί δήποτε; Ὅτι ὁ μὲν ἔχει τὴν ἀνάγκην τοῦ συνειδότος: ὁ δὲ ἂν μὴ σφόδρα νήφῃ, ταχέως, ὥσπερ ὑπό τινος πνεύματος ἀναῤῥιπισθεὶς, αἴρεταί τε καὶ ἀφανίζεται καθάπερ ὁ Φαρισαῖος. Ἀλλὰ πένησι παρέχεις; Ἀλλ' οὐ τὰ σὰ, ἀλλὰ τὰ τοῦ Δεσπότου, τὰ κοινὰ τῶν ὁμοδούλων. Καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μάλιστα ταπεινοῦσθαι χρὴ, ἐν ταῖς τῶν ὁμογενῶν συμφοραῖς τὰ ἑαυτοῦ προορῶντα, καὶ τὴν οἰκείαν φύσιν ἐν ἐκείνοις μανθάνοντα. Ἴσως καὶ ἡμεῖς τοιούτων ἦμεν προγόνων. Εἰ δὲ μετέστη πρὸς ἡμᾶς ὁ πλοῦτος, ἀλλ' εἰκὸς αὐτὸν καὶ καταλιπεῖν πάλιν ἡμᾶς. Τί δὲ ὅλως καὶ ὁ πλοῦτός ἐστιν; Σκιὰ ἀδρανὴς, καπνὸς διαλυόμενος, ἄνθος χόρτου, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἄνθους εὐτελέστερος. Τί οὖν ἐπὶ χόρτῳ μέγα φρονεῖς; Οὐχὶ καὶ λῃσταῖς παραγίνεται πλοῦτος, καὶ μαλακοῖς, καὶ πόρναις, καὶ τυμβωρύχοις; Τοῦτο οὖν σε ἐπαίρει, ὅτι τοιούτους ἔχεις κοινωνοὺς τοῦ κτήματος; Ἀλλὰ τιμῆς ἐρᾷς; Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν εἰς τιμῆς λόγον ἐλεημοσύνης ἐπιτηδειότερον. Ἐκεῖναι μὲν γὰρ κατηναγκασμέναι εἰσὶν καὶ μετὰ μίσους, αἱ τιμαὶ αἱ τοῦ πλούτου καὶ τῆς δυναστείας, αὗται δὲ ἐκ προαιρέσεως καὶ ἀπὸ συνειδότος τῶν τιμώντων. Διόπερ οὐδὲ ἐκβάλλειν αὐτὰς δύνανταί ποτε οἱ τιμῶντες. Εἰ δὲ ἄνθρωποι τοσαύτην τῆς ἐλεημοσύνης ἀπονέμουσι τὴν αἰδὼ, καὶ πάντα αὐτοῖς συνεύχονται τὰ ἀγαθὰ, ἐννόησον πηλίκην παρὰ τοῦ φιλανθρώπου Θεοῦ λήψονται τὴν ἀντίδοσιν, οἵαν τὴν ἀμοιβήν. Τοῦτον τοίνυν ζητῶμεν τὸν πλοῦτον, τὸν ἀεὶ μένοντα, καὶ μηδέποτε δραπετεύοντα: ἵνα καὶ ἐνταῦθα μεγάλοι καὶ ἐκεῖ γενόμενοι λαμπροὶ, τῶν αἰωνίων ἐπιτύχωμεν ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἡ δόξα, ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.