John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Gospel of John

[1.] A fearful thing is sin, fearful, and the ruin of the soul, and the mischief oftentimes through its excess has overflowed and attacked men’s bodies also. For since for the most part when the soul is diseased we feel no pain, but if the body receive though but a little hurt, we use every exertion to free it from its infirmity, because we are sensible of the infirmity,995 Sav. omits “because we are sensible of the infirmity.” therefore God oftentimes punisheth the body for the transgressions of the soul, so that by means of the scourging of the inferior part, the better part also may receive some healing. Thus too among the Corinthians Paul restored the adulterer, checking the disease of the soul by the destruction of the flesh, and having applied the knife to the body, so repressed the evil ( 1 Cor. v. 5 ); like some excellent physician employing external cautery for dropsy or spleen, when they refuse to yield to internal remedies. This also Christ did in the case of the paralytic; as He showed when He said, “Behold, thou art made whole; sin no more, lest a worse thing come unto thee.”

Now what do we learn from this? First, that his disease had been produced by his sins; secondly, that the accounts of hell fire are to be believed; thirdly, that the punishment is long, nay endless. Where now are those who say, “I murdered in an hour, I committed adultery in a little moment of time, and am I eternally punished?” For behold this man had not sinned for so many years as he suffered, for he had spent a whole lifetime in the length of his punishment; and sins are not judged by time, but by the nature of the transgressions. Besides this, we may see996 al. “learn.” another thing, that though we have suffered severely for former sins, if we afterwards fall into the same, we shall suffer much more severely. And with good reason; for he who is not made better even by punishment, is afterwards led as insensible and a despiser to still heavier chastisement. The fault should of itself be sufficient to check and to render more sober the man who once has slipped, but when not even the addition of punishment effects this, he naturally requires more bitter torments.997 Ben. and ms. in Bodl. read the passage thus: “For the chastisement was of itself sufficient…but when not being sobered by the application of punishment, he again dares the same things, such an one will reasonably suffer some penalty, calling this as he does upon his own self.” Now if even in this world when after punishment998 al. “have been punished here.” we fall into the same sins, we are chastised yet more severely then before, ought we not when after sinning we have not been punished at all, to be then999 al. “at this.” very exceedingly afraid and to tremble, as being about to endure something irreparable? “And wherefore,” saith some one, “are not all thus punished? for we see many bad men well in body, vigorous, and enjoying great prosperity.” But let us not be confident, let us mourn for them in this case most of all, since their having suffered nothing here, helps them on1000 ἐ φόδιον γίγνεται. So Euseb. H. E. viii. 10, ἐ φ. τῆς εἰς τὴν ζωὴν εἰσόδου to a severer vengeance hereafter.1001 lit. “there.” As Paul declares when he saith, “But now that we are judged, we are chastened of the Lord, that we should not be condemned with the world” ( 1 Cor. xi. 32 ); for the punishments here are for warning, there for vengeance.

“What then,” saith one, “do all diseases proceed from sin?” Not all, but most of them; and some proceed from different kinds of loose living,1002 al. “from loose living,” ῥ αθυμίας since gluttony, intemperance, and sloth, produce such like sufferings. But the one rule we have to observe, is to bear every stroke thankfully; for they are sent because of our sins, as in the Kings we see one attacked by gout ( 1 Kings xv. 23 ); they are sent also to make us approved, as the Lord saith to Job, “Thinkest thou that I have spoken to thee, save that thou mightest appear righteous?” ( Job lx. 8 , LXX.)

But why is it that in the case of these paralytics Christ bringeth forward their sins? For He saith also to him in Matthew who lay on a bed, “Son, be of good cheer, thy sins are forgiven thee” ( Matt. ix. 2 ): and to this man, “Behold, thou art made whole; sin no more.”1003 See p. 129. I know that some slander this paralytic, asserting that he was an accuser of Christ, and that therefore this speech was addressed to him; what then shall we say of the other in Matthew, who heard nearly the same words? For Christ saith to him also, “Thy sins be forgiven thee.” Whence it is clear, that neither was this man thus addressed on the account which they allege. And this we may see more clearly from what follows;1004 al. “from another reason.” for, saith the Evangelist, “Afterward Jesus findeth him in the Temple,” which is an indication of his great piety; for he departed not into the market places and walks, nor gave himself up to luxury and ease, but remained in the Temple, although about to sustain so violent an attack and to be harassed by all there.1005 al. “chased thence by all.” Yet none of these things persuaded him to depart from the Temple. Moreover Christ having found him, even after he had conversed with the Jews, implied nothing of the kind. For had He desired to charge him with this, He would have said to him, “Art thou again attempting the same sins as before, art thou not made better by thy cure?” Yet He said nothing of the kind, but merely secureth him for the future.

[2.] Why then, when He had cured the halt and maimed, did He not in any instance make mention of the like? Methinks that the diseases of these (the paralytic) arose from acts of sin, those of the others from natural infirmity. Or if this be not so, then by means of these men, and by the words spoken to them, He hath spoken to the rest also. For since this disease is more grievous than any other, by the greater He correcteth also the less. And as when He had healed a certain other He charged him to give glory to God, addressing this exhortation not to him only but through him to all, so He addresseth to these, and by these to all the rest of mankind, that exhortation and advice which was given to them by word of mouth. Besides this we may also say, that Jesus perceived great endurance in his soul, and addressed the exhortation to him as to one who was able to receive His command, keeping him to health both by the benefit, and by the fear of future ills.

And observe the absence of boasting. He said not, “Behold, I have made thee whole,” but, “Thou art made whole; sin no more.” And again, not, “lest I punish thee,” but, “lest a worse thing come unto thee”; putting both expressions not personally,1006 ἀ προσώπως, i.e. not referring to Himself. and showing that the cure was rather of grace than of merit. For He declared not to him that he was delivered after suffering the deserved amount of punishment, but that through lovingkindness he was made whole. Had this not been the case, He would have said, “Behold, thou hast suffered a sufficient punishment for thy sins, be thou steadfast for the future.” But now He spake not so, but how? “Behold, thou art made whole; sin no more.” Let us continually repeat these words to ourselves, and if after having been chastised we have been delivered, let each say to himself, “Behold, thou art made whole; sin no more.” But if we suffer not punishment though continuing in the same courses, let us use for our charm that word of the Apostle, “The goodness of God leadeth [us] to repentance, but after [our] hardness and impenitent heart, [we] treasure up unto [ourselves] wrath.” ( Rom. ii. 4, 5.)

And not only by strengthening1007 σφίγξαι the sick man’s body, but also in another way, did He afford him a strong proof of His Divinity; for by saying, “Sin no more,” He showed that He knew all the transgressions that had formerly been committed by him; and by this He would gain his belief as to the future.

Ver. 15. “The man departed, and told the Jews that it was Jesus that had made him whole.”

Again observe him continuing in the same right feeling. He saith not, “This is he who said, Take up thy bed,” but when they continually advanced this seeming charge, he continually puts forward the defense, again declaring his Healer, and seeking to attract and attach others to Him. For he was not so unfeeling as after such a benefit and charge to betray his Benefactor, and to speak as he did with an evil intention. Had he been a wild beast, had he been something unlike a man and of stone, the benefit and the fear would have been enough to restrain him, since, having the threat lodged within, he would have dreaded lest he should suffer “a worse thing,” having already received the greatest pledges1008 al. “proofs.” of the power of his Physician. Besides, had he wished to slander Him, he would have said nothing about his own cure, but would have mentioned and urged against Him the breach of the Sabbath. But this is not the case, surely it is not; the words are words of great boldness and candor; he pro claims his Benefactor no less than the blind man did. For what said he? “He made clay, and anointed mine eyes” ( c. ix. 6 ); and so this man of whom we now speak, “It is Jesus who made me whole.”

Ver. 16. “Therefore did the Jews persecute Jesus, and sought to slay Him, because He had done these things on the Sabbath day.” What then saith Christ?

Ver. 17. “My Father worketh hitherto, and I work.”

When there was need to make excuse for the Disciples, He brought forward David their fellow-servant, saying, “Have ye not read what David did when he was an hungered?” ( Matt. xii. 2.) But when excuse was to be made for Himself, He betook Himself to the Father, showing in two ways His Equality, by calling God His Father peculiarly,1009 ἰ διαζόντως and by doing the same things which He did. “And wherefore did He not mention what took place at Jericho1010 Jericho was taken on the seventh day by command of God. Josh. vi. 4, 15 ?” Because He wished to raise them up from earth that they might no longer attend to Him as to a man, but as to God, and as to one who ought to legislate: since had He not been The Very Son and of the same Essence, the defense would have been worse than the charge. For if a viceroy who had altered a royal law should, when charged with so doing, excuse himself in this manner, and say, “Yea, for the king also has annulled laws,” he would not be able to escape, but would thus increase the weight of the charge. But in this instance, since the dignity is equal, the defense is made perfect on most secure grounds. “From the charges,” saith He, “from which ye absolve God, absolve Me also.” And therefore He said first, “My Father,” that He might persuade them even against their will to allow to Him the same, through reverence of His clearly asserted Sonship.

If any one say, “And how doth the Father ‘work,’ who ceased on the seventh day from all His works?” let him learn the manner in which He “worketh.” What then is the manner of His working? He careth for, He holdeth1011 lit. “weldeth.” συγκροτεῖ. Sav. conjectures συγκρατεῖ, but the word is not uncommon for holding together a system. together all that hath been made. Therefore when thou beholdest the sun rising and the moon running in her path, the lakes, and fountains, and rivers, and rains, the course of nature in the seeds and in our own bodies and those of irrational beings, and all the rest by means of which this universe is made up, then learn the ceaseless working of the Father. “For He maketh His sun to rise upon the evil and the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust.” ( Matt. v. 45.) And again; “If God so clothe the grass of the field, which to-day is, and to-morrow is cast into the fire1012 εἰς κλίβανον, G. T.” ( Matt. vi. 30 ); and speaking of the birds He said, “Your Heavenly Father feedeth them.”

[3.] In that place1013 Matt. xii then He did all on the Sabbath day by words only, and added nothing more, but refuted their charges by what was done in the Temple and from their own practice. But here where He commanded a work to be done, the taking up a bed, (a thing of no great importance as regarded the miracle,1014 πρᾶγμα though by it He showed one point, a manifest violation of the Sabbath,) He leads up His discourse to something greater, desiring the more to awe them by reference to the dignity of the Father, and to lead them up to higher thought. Therefore when His discourse is concerning the Sabbath, He maketh not His defense as man only, or as God only, but sometimes in one way, sometimes in the other; because He desired to persuade them both of the condescension of the Dispensation, and the Dignity of His Godhead. Therefore He now defendeth Himself as God, since had He always conversed with them merely as a man, they would have continued in the same low condition. Wherefore that this may not be, He bringeth forward the Father. Yet the creation itself “worketh” on the Sabbath, (for the sun runneth, rivers flow, fountains bubble, women bear,) but that thou mayest learn that He is not of creation, He said not, “Yea, I work, for creation worketh,” but, “Yea, I work, for My Father worketh.”

Ver. 18. “Therefore the Jews sought the more to kill Him, because He not only had broken the Sabbath, but said also that God was His Father, making Himself equal with God.”

And this he asserted not by words merely, but by deeds, for not in speech alone, but also yet oftener by actions He declared it. Why so? Because they might object to His words and charge Him with arrogance, but when they saw the truth of His actions proved by results, and His power proclaimed by works, after that they could say nothing against Him.

But they who will not receive these words in a right mind assert, that “Christ made not Himself equal to God, but that the Jews suspected this.” Come then let us go over what has been said from the beginning. Tell me, did the Jews persecute Him, or did they not? It is clear to every one that they did. Did they persecute Him for this or for something else? It is again allowed that it was for this. Did He then break the Sabbath, or did He not? Against the fact that He did, no one can have anything to say. Did He call God His Father, or did He not call Him so? This too is true. Then the rest also follows by the same consequence; for as to call God His Father, to break the Sabbath, and to be persecuted by the Jews for the former and more especially for the latter reason, belonged not to a false imagination, but to actual fact, so to make Himself equal to God was a declaration of the same meaning. 1015 τῆς αὐτῆς γνώμης ἀπόφασίς, i.e. in saying that He was making Himself “equal to the Father,” the Evangelist asserts a truth which had before been signified by His breaking the Sabbath, and saying that God was His Father.

And this one may see more clearly from what He had before said, for “My Father worketh, and I work,” is the expression of One declaring Himself equal to God. For in these words He has marked1016 al. “given.” no difference. He said not, “He worketh, and I minister,” but, “As He worketh, so work I”; and hath declared absolute Equality. But if He had not wished to establish this, and the Jews had supposed so without reason, He would not have allowed their minds to be deceived, but would have corrected this. Besides, the Evangelist would not have been silent on the subject, but would have plainly said that the Jews supposed so, but that Jesus did not make Himself equal to God. As in another place he doth this very thing, when he perceiveth that something was said in one way, and understood in another; as, “Destroy this Temple,” said Christ, “and in three days I will raise It up” ( c. ii. 19 ); speaking of His Flesh. But the Jews, not understanding this, and supposing that the words were spoken of the Jewish Temple, said, “Forty and six years was this temple in building, and wilt Thou rear it up in three days?” Since then He said one thing, and they imagined another, (for He spake of His Flesh, and they thought that the words were spoken of their Temple,) the Evangelist remarking on this, or rather correcting their imagination, goes on to say, “But He spake of the Temple of His Body.” So that here also, if Christ had not made Himself equal with God, had not wished to establish this, and yet the Jews had imagined that He did, the writer would here also have corrected their supposition, and would have said, “The Jews thought that He made Himself equal to God, but indeed He spake not of equality.” And this is done not in this place only, nor by this Evangelist only, but again elsewhere another Evangelist is seen to do the same. For when Christ warned His disciples, saying, “Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees” ( Matt. xvi. 6 ), and they reasoned among themselves, saying, “It is because we have taken no bread,” and He spake of one thing, calling their doctrine “leaven,” but the disciples imagined another, supposing that the words were said of bread; it is not now the Evangelist who setteth them right, but Christ Himself, speaking thus, “How is it that ye do not understand, that I spake not to you concerning bread?” But here there is nothing of the kind.

“But,” saith some one, “to remove this very thought Christ has added,

Ver. 19. “‘The Son can do nothing of Himself.’”

Man! He doth the contrary. He saith this not to take away, but to confirm,1017 lit. “to clench.” His Equality. But attend carefully, for this is no common question. The expression “of Himself” is found in many places of Scripture, with reference both to Christ and to the Holy Ghost, and we must learn the force of the expression, that we may not fall into the greatest errors; for if one take it separately by itself in the way in which it is obvious to take it, consider how great an absurdity will follow. He said not that He could do some things of Himself and that others He could not, but universally,

[4.] “The Son can do nothing of Himself.” I ask then my opponent, “Can the Son do nothing of Himself, tell me?” If he reply, “that He can do nothing,” we will say, that He hath done of Himself the very greatest of all goods. As Paul cries aloud, saying, “Who being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God, but made Himself of no reputation, and took upon Him the form of a servant.” ( Phil. ii. 6, 7.) And again, Christ Himself in another place saith, “I have power to lay down My life, and I have power to take it again”: and, “No man taketh it from Me, but I lay it down of Myself.” ( c. x. 18.) Seest thou that He hath power over life and death, and that He wrought of Himself so mighty a Dispensation? And why speak I concerning Christ, when even we, than whom nothing can be meaner, do many things of ourselves? Of ourselves we choose vice, of ourselves we go after virtue, and if we do it not of ourselves, and not having power, we shall neither suffer hell if we do wrong, nor enjoy the Kingdom if we do right.

What then meaneth, “Can do nothing of Himself”? That He can do nothing in opposition to the Father, nothing alien from, nothing strange to Him,1018 i.e. nothing by Himself. which is especially the assertion of One declaring an Equality and entire agreement.

But wherefore said He not, that “He doeth nothing contrary,” instead of, “He cannot do”? It was that from this again He might show the invariableness and exactness of the Equality, for the expression imputes not weakness to Him, but even shows1019 al. “testifies.” His great power; since in another place Paul saith of the Father, “That by two immutable things in which it was impos sible for God to lie” ( Heb. vi. 18 ): and again, “If we deny Him — He abideth faithful,” for “He cannot deny Himself.” ( 2 Tim. ii. 12, 13.) And in truth this expression, “impossible,” is not declaratory of weakness, but power, power unspeakable. For what He saith is of this kind, that “that Essence admitteth not such things as these.” For just as when we also say, “it is impossible for God to do wrong,” we do not impute to Him any weakness, but confess in Him an unutterable power; so when He also saith, “I can of Mine own Self do nothing” ( v. 30 ), His meaning is, that “it is impossible, nature admits not,1020 ἀ νεγχώρητον that I should do anything contrary to the Father.” And that you may learn that this is really what is said, let us, going over what follows, see whether Christ agreeth with what is said by us, or among you. Thou sayest, that the expression does away with His Power and His proper Authority, and shows His might to be but weak; but I say, that this proves His Equality, His unvarying Likeness,1021 τὸ ἀπαράλλακτον (to the Father,) and the fact that all is done as it were by one Will1022 γνώμης and Power and Might. Let us then enquire of Christ Himself, and see by what He next saith whether He interpreteth these words according to thy supposition or according to ours. What then saith He?

“For what things soever the Father1023 ̓ Εκεῖνος, G. T. doeth these also doeth the Son likewise.”

Seest thou how He hath taken away your assertion by the root, and confirmed what is said by us? since, if Christ doeth nothing of Himself, neither will the Father do anything of Himself, if so be that Christ doeth all things in like manner to Him.1024 Morel. and ms. in Bodl., “that the ‘ likewise ’ (τὸ ὁμοίως) may remain.” If this be not the case, another strange conclusion will follow. For He said not, that “whatsoever things He saw the Father do, He did,” but, “except He see the Father doing anything, He doeth it not”; extending His words to all time; now He will, according to you, be continually learning the same things. Seest thou how exalted is the idea, and that the very humility of the expression compelleth even the most shameless and unwilling to avoid groveling thoughts, and such as are unsuited to His dignity? For who so wretched and miserable as to assert, that the Son learneth day by day what He must do? and how can that be true, “Thou art the same, and Thy years shall not fail”? ( Ps. cii. 27 ), or that other, “All things were made by Him, and without Him was not anything made” ( c. i. 3 ); if the Father doeth certain things, and the Son seeth and imitateth Him? Seest thou that from what was asserted above, and from what was said afterwards, proof is given of His independent Power? and if He bringeth forward some expressions in lowly manner, marvel not, for since they persecuted Him when they had heard His exalted sayings, and deemed Him to be an enemy of God, sinking1025 καθυφεὶς a little in expression alone, He again leadeth His discourse up to the sublimer doctrines, then in turn to the lower, varying His teaching that it might be easy of acceptance even to the indisposed.1026 ἀ γνώμοσι Observe, after saying, “My Father worketh, and I work”; and after declaring Himself equal with God, He addeth, “The Son can do nothing of Himself, but what He seeth the Father do.” Then again in a higher strain, “What things soever the Father doeth, these also doeth the Son likewise.” Then in a lower,

Ver. 20. “The Father loveth the Son, and showeth Him all things that Himself doeth; and He will show Him greater works than these.”

Seest thou how great is the humility of this? And with reason; for what I said before, what I shall not cease to say, I will now repeat, that when He uttereth anything low or humbly, He putteth it in excess, that the very poverty of the expression may persuade even the indisposed to receive the notions with pious understanding. Since, if it be not so, see how absurd a thing is asserted, making the trial from the words themselves. For when He saith, “And shall show Him greater works than these,” He will be found not to have yet learned many things, which cannot be said even of the Apostles; for they when they had once received the grace of the Spirit, in a moment both knew and were able to do all things which it was needful that they should know and have power to do, while Christ will be found to have not yet learned many things which He needed to know. And what can be more absurd than this?

What then is His meaning? It was because He had strengthened the paralytic, and was about to raise the dead, that He thus spake, all but saying, “Wonder ye that I have strengthened the paralyzed? Ye shall see greater things than these.” But He spake not thus, but proceeded somehow in a humbler strain, in order that He might soothe1027 al. “heal.” their madness. And that thou mayest learn that “shall show” is not used absolutely, listen again to what followeth.

Ver. 21. “For as the Father raiseth up the dead, and quickeneth them, even so the Son quickeneth whom He will.”

Yet “can do nothing of Himself” is opposed to “whom He will”: since if He quickeneth “whom He will,” He can do something “of Himself,” (for to “will” implies power,) but if He “can do nothing of Himself,” then He can not “quicken whom He will.” For the expression, “as the Father raiseth up,” showeth unvarying resemblance in Power, and “whom He will,” Equality of Authority. Seest thou therefore that “cannot do anything of Himself” is the expression of One not taking away His (own) authority, but declaring the unvarying resemblance of His Power and Will (to those of the Father)? In this sense also understand the words, “shall show to Him”; for in another place He saith, “I will raise him up at the last Day.” ( c. vi. 40.) And again, to show that He doth it not by receiving an inward power1028 ἐ νεργείαν from above, He saith, “I am the Resurrection and the Life.” ( c. xi. 25.) Then that thou mayest not assert that He raiseth what dead He will and quickeneth them, but that He doth not other things in such manner, He anticipateth and preventeth every objection of the kind by saying, “What things soever He doeth, these also doeth the Son likewise,” thus declaring that He doeth all things which the Father doeth, and as the Father doeth them; whether thou speakest of the raising of the dead, or the fashioning1029 διάπλασιν of bodies, or the remission of sins, or any other matter whatever, He worketh in like manner to Him who begat Him.

[5.] But men careless of their salvation give heed to none of these things; so great an evil is it to be in love with precedence. This has been the mother of heresies, this has confirmed the impiety of the heathen.1030 lit. “Greeks.” For God desired that His invisible things should be understood by the creation of this world ( Rom. i. 20 ), but they having left these and refused to come by this mode of teaching, cut out for themselves another way, and so were cast out from the true.1031 τῆς οὔσης sub. ὁ δοῦ And the Jews believed not because they received honor from one another, and sought not the honor which is from God. But let us, beloved, avoid this disease exceedingly and with all earnestness; for though we have ten thousand good qualities, this plague of vainglory is sufficient to bring them all to nought. ( c. v. 44.) If therefore we desire praise, let us seek the praise which is from God, for the praise of men of what kind soever it be, as soon as it has appeared has perished, or if it perish not, brings to us no profit, and often proceeds from a corrupt judgment. And what is there to be admired in the honor which is from men? which young dancers enjoy, and abandoned women, and covetous and rapacious men? But he who is approved of God, is approved not with these, but with those holy men the Prophets and Apostles, who have shown forth an angelic life. If we feel any desire to lead multitudes about with us or be looked at by them, let us consider the matter apart by itself, and we shall find that it is utterly worthless. In fine, if thou art fond of crowds, draw to thyself the host of angels, and become terrible to the devils, then shalt thou care nothing for mortal things, but shalt tread all that is splendid underfoot as mire and clay; and shall clearly see that nothing so fits a soul for shame as the passion for glory; for it cannot, it cannot be, that the man who desires this should live the crucified life, as on the other hand it is not possible that the man who hath trodden this underfoot should not tread down most other passions; for he who masters this will get the better of envy and covetousness, and all the grievous maladies. “And how,” saith some one, “shall we get the better of it?” If we look to the other glory which is from heaven, and from which this kind strives to cast us out. For that heavenly glory both makes us honored here, and passes with us into the life which is to come, and delivers us from all fleshly slavery which we now most miserably serve, giving up ourselves entirely to earth and the things of earth. For if you go into the forum, if you enter into a house, into the streets, into the soldiers’ quarters, into inns, taverns, ships, islands, palaces, courts of justice, council chambers, you shall everywhere find anxiety for things present and belonging to this life, and each man laboring for these things, whether gone or coming, traveling or staying at home, voyaging, tilling lands, in the fields, in the cities, in a word, all. What hope then of salvation have we, when inhabiting God’s earth we care not for the things of God, when bidden to be aliens from earthly things we are aliens from heaven and citizens of earth? What can be worse than this insensibility, when hearing each day of the Judgment and of the Kingdom, we imitate the men in the days of Noah, and those of Sodom, waiting to learn all by actual experience? Yet for this purpose were all those things written, that if any one believe not that which is to come, he may, from what has already been, get certain proof of what shall be. Considering therefore these things, both the past and the future, let us at least take breath a little from this hard slavery, and make some account of our souls also,1032 i.e. as well as of earthly things. that we may obtain both present and future blessings; through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom, with the Father and the Holy Ghost, be glory, now and ever, and world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΛΗʹ. Μετὰ ταῦτα εὑρίσκει αὐτὸν ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ, καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ: «Ἴδε ὑγιὴς γέγονας: μηκέτι ἁμάρτανε, ἵνα μὴ χεῖρόν τί σοι γένηται.» αʹ. Δεινὸν ἡ ἁμαρτία, δεινὸν καὶ ψυχῆς λύμη: πολλάκις δὲ ἐκ περιουσίας καὶ σωμάτων ἥψατο τὸ κακὸν ὑπερβλύσαν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὰ πολλὰ τῆς μὲν ψυχῆς ἡμῖν καμνούσης, ἀναλγήτως ἔχομεν: τὸ δὲ σῶμα κἂν μικρὰν δέξηται βλάβην, πᾶσαν ποιούμεθα σπουδὴν, ὥστε ἐλευθερῶσαι τῆς ἀῤῥωστίας αὐτὸ, διὰ τὸ τῆς ἀῤῥωστίας αἰσθάνεσθαι: διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Θεὸς τοῦτο κολάζει πολλάκις ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐκείνῃ πεπλημμελημένων, ὥστε διὰ τῆς τοῦ ἐλάττονος μάστιγος καὶ τὸ κρεῖττον τυχεῖν θεραπείας τινός. Οὕτω καὶ παρὰ Κορινθίοις τὸν πορνεύσαντα ὁ Παῦλος διώρθωσε, τῷ τῆς σαρκὸς ὀλέθρῳ τὸ τῆς ψυχῆς νόσημα ἐπισχών. Καὶ γὰρ τῷ σώματι τὴν τομὴν ἐπαγαγὼν, οὕτω κατέστειλε τὸ κακόν: καθάπερ τις ἰατρὸς ἄριστος, ὕδερον ἢ σπλῆνα, τοῖς ἔνδοθεν φαρμάκοις οὐκ εἴκοντα, κατακαίων ἔξωθεν. Τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἐποίησεν ἐπὶ τοῦ παραλύτου. Καὶ ὅρα πῶς δηλῶν αὐτὸς ἔλεγεν: Ἴδε ὑγιὴς γέγονας: μηκέτι ἁμάρτανε, ἵνα μὴ χεῖρόν τί σοι γένηται. Τί τοίνυν ἐντεῦθεν μανθάνομεν; Πρῶτον μὲν, ὅτι αὐτῷ ἐξ ἁμαρτιῶν ἐτέχθη τὸ νόσημα: δεύτερον δὲ, ὅτι πιστὸς ὁ τῆς γεέννης λόγος: καὶ τρίτον, τὸ μακρὰν εἶναι καὶ ἄπειρον τὴν τιμωρίαν. Ποῦ τοίνυν εἰσὶν οἱ λέγοντες, ὅτι Ἐν ὥρᾳ μιᾷ ἐφόνευσα, καὶ ἐν βραχείᾳ καιροῦ ῥοπῇ ἐμοίχευσα, καὶ ἀθάνατα κολάζομαι; Ἰδοὺ γὰρ καὶ οὗτος οὐκ ἐν τοσούτοις ἥμαρτεν ἔτεσιν, ἐν ὅσοις καὶ ἐκολάζετο, καὶ ὁλόκληρον ὅμως ἀνθρώπου βίον ἀνάλωσεν ἐν τῷ μήκει τῆς τιμωρίας. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐν χρόνῳ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα κρίνεται, ἀλλ' ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ φύσει τῶν πεπλημμελημένων. Μετὰ τούτων κἀκεῖνο ἔστιν ἰδεῖν, ὅτι, κἂν χαλεπὴν δῶμεν δίκην ὑπὲρ τῶν προτέρων ἁμαρτημάτων, εἶτα τοῖς αὐτοῖς περιπέσωμεν, χαλεπώτερα πολλῷ μᾶλλον πεισόμεθα πάλιν: καὶ μάλα εἰκότως. Ὁ γὰρ μηδὲ τῇ τιμωρίᾳ γενόμενος βελτίων, ὡς ἀναίσθητος λοιπὸν καὶ καταφρονητὴς ἐπὶ μείζονα ἄγεται κόλασιν. Ἤρκει μὲν γὰρ καὶ καθ' ἑαυτὴν ἡ κόλασις συστεῖλαι, καὶ ποιῆσαι σωφρονέστερον τὸν ὀλισθήσαντα ἅπαξ: ἐπεὶ δὲ τῇ ἐπενεχθείσῃ τιμωρίᾳ μὴ σωφρονισθεὶς, τὰ αὐτὰ πάλιν τολμᾷ, εἰκότως ἄν τινα δίκην ὁ τοιοῦτος ὑφέξει, ταύτην αὐτὸς ἐφ' ἑαυτὸν προκαλούμενος. Εἰ δὲ καὶ ἐνταῦθα τιμωρηθέντες, πάλιν τοῖς αὐτοῖς περιπίπτοντες, χαλεπώτερον κολαζόμεθα: ὅταν μηδ' ὅλως ἁμαρτόντες τιμωρίαν ὑπόσχωμεν, πῶς οὐ σφόδρα χρὴ τοῦτο μάλιστα δεδοικέναι καὶ τρέμειν, ἅτε ἀνήκεστα μέλλοντας ὑπομένειν; Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν, φησὶ, μὴ πάντες οὕτω κολάζονται; Καὶ γὰρ πολλοὺς ὁρῶμεν, τῶν φαύλων εὐσωματοῦντας καὶ σφριγῶντας, καὶ πολλῆς ἀπολαύοντας εὐημερίας. Ἀλλὰ μὴ θαῤῥῶμεν, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τούτοις μάλιστα πάντων αὐτοὺς δακρύωμεν. Τὸ γὰρ μηδὲν αὐτοὺς ἐνταῦθα παθεῖν, ἐφόδιον γίνεται μείζονος τῆς ἐκεῖ τιμωρίας. Καὶ τοῦτο δηλῶν ὁ Παῦλος ἔλεγε: Νῦν δὲ κρινόμενοι ὑπὸ Κυρίου, παιδευόμεθα, ἵνα μὴ σὺν τῷ κόσμῳ κατακριθῶμεν. Τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἐνταῦθα, νουθεσίας: τὰ δὲ ἐκεῖ, τιμωρίας ἐστί. Τί οὖν; πάντα, φησὶ, τὰ νοσήματα ἐξ ἁμαρτημάτων; Οὐ πάντα μὲν, ἀλλὰ τὰ πλείονα: ἔνια δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ ῥᾳθυμίας γίγνεται. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ γαστριμαργία καὶ μέθη καὶ ἀργία τὰ τοιαῦτα τίκτουσι πάθη. Δεῖ δὲ πανταχοῦ διατηρεῖν ἓν μόνον, ὥστε εὐχαρίστως φέρειν πᾶσαν πληγήν. Γίγνεται δὲ καὶ δι' ἁμαρτήματα, ὥσπερ καὶ ἐν ταῖς Βασιλείαις ὁρῶμέν τινα ποδαλγίᾳ κατασχεθέντα διὰ τοῦτο. Γίγνεται δὲ καὶ δι' εὐδοκίμησιν, ὥσπερ τῷ Ἰώβ φησιν ὁ Θεός: Μὴ ἄλλως σοι οἴει με κεχρηματικέναι, ἢ ἵνα ἀναφανῇς δίκαιος; Ἀλλὰ τί δήποτε ἐπὶ τῶν παραλυτικῶν τούτων τὰς ἁμαρτίας εἰς μέσον φέρει ὁ Χριστός; Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐκείνῳ τῷ παρὰ τῷ Ματθαίῳ κειμένῳ λέγει: Θάρσει, τέκνον, ἀφέωνταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι: καὶ τούτῳ, Ἴδε ὑγιὴς γέγονας, μηκέτι ἁμάρτανε. Καὶ οἶδα μὲν ὅτι τινὲς τὸν παράλυτον τοῦτον διαβάλλοντές φασιν αὐτὸν τοῦ Χριστοῦ γενέσθαι κατήγορον, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ταῦτα ἀκηκοέναι. Τί οὖν περὶ ἐκείνου τοῦ παρὰ τῷ Ματθαίῳ τὰ αὐτὰ σχεδὸν ἀκούσαντος ἐροῦμεν; Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐκείνῳ εἶπεν: Ἀφέωνταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι. Ὅθεν δῆλον ὅτι οὐδὲ οὗτος ταύτης ἕνεκεν τῆς ὑποθέσεως ταῦτα ἤκουε. Καὶ τοῦτο καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἐπαγομένων σαφέστερον ἔστι μαθεῖν. Μετὰ ταῦτα γὰρ, φησὶν, εὑρίσκει αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς: ὅπερ μεγίστης εὐλαβείας σημεῖόν ἐστιν. Οὐ γὰρ ἐχώρησεν εἰς ἀγορὰς καὶ περιπάτους, οὐδὲ τρυφῇ καὶ ἀνέσει ἔδωκεν ἑαυτόν: ἀλλ' ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ διῆγε: καίτοι γε τοσαύτην μέλλων ὑπομένειν ἔφοδον, καὶ παρὰ πάντων ἐλαύνεσθαι ἐκεῖθεν: ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τούτων ἔπεισεν αὐτὸν ἀποστῆναι τοῦ ἱεροῦ. Εὑρὼν τοίνυν αὐτὸν ὁ Χριστὸς καὶ μετὰ τὸ διαλεχθῆναι τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ᾐνίξατο. Εἰ δὲ τοῦτο ἐγκαλεῖν ἤθελεν, εἶπεν ἂν πρὸς αὐτόν: Πάλιν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἐπιχειρεῖς, καὶ οὔτε τῇ θεραπείᾳ γέγονας βελτίων; Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τούτων εἶπεν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸ μέλλον αὐτὸν ἀσφαλίζεται μόνον. βʹ. Τί δήποτε οὖν καὶ χωλοὺς καὶ κυλλοὺς θεραπεύσας, οὐδαμοῦ τούτων ἐμνημόνευσεν; Ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ τούτοις μὲν ἐξ ἁμαρτημάτων τὰ νοσήματα γενέσθαι, τοῖς δὲ ἄλλοις ἐξ ἀσθενείας φυσικῆς. Εἰ δὲ μὴ τοῦτο, καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις διὰ τούτων καὶ τῶν πρὸς τούτοις εἰρημένων διελέχθη. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τῶν ἄλλων πάντων τὸ νόσημα τοῦτο χαλεπώτερον, διὰ τοῦ μείζονος καὶ τὰ ἐλάττονα διορθοῦται. Ὥσπερ γὰρ θεραπεύσας τινὰ ἕτερον, παρήγγειλε δοῦναι δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ, οὐκ ἐκείνῳ μόνῳ ταῦτα παραινῶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ δι' ἐκείνου πᾶσιν: οὕτω καὶ τούτοις διὰ τούτων πᾶσι καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς παραινεῖ καὶ συμβουλεύει ταῦτα, ἃ καὶ πρὸς τούτους εἴρηκε. Πρὸς δὲ τούτοις, κἀκεῖνο ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, ὅτι πολλὴν ἐνεῖδεν αὐτοῦ τῇ ψυχῇ τὴν καρτερίαν, καὶ ὡς δυναμένῳ τὸ παράγγελμα δέξασθαι παραινεῖ, τῇ τε εὐεργεσίᾳ καὶ τῷ φόβῳ τῶν μελλόντων κακῶν κατέχων αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῆς ὑγιείας. Καὶ ὅρα τὸ ἀκόμπαστον. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, Ἴδε ὑγιῆ σε ἐποίησα, ἀλλ', Ὑγιὴς γέγονας: μηκέτι ἁμάρτανε. Καὶ πάλιν οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἵνα μή σε κολάσω, ἀλλ', Ἵνα μὴ χεῖρόν τί σοι γένηται, ἀπροσώπως ἀμφότερα τιθεὶς, καὶ δεικνὺς χάριτος μᾶλλον οὖσαν τὴν ὑγίειαν, ἢ τῆς ἀξίας. Οὐ γὰρ ἐνέφηνεν ὅτι τὴν ἀξίαν δοὺς ἀπηλλάγη δίκης, ἀλλ' ὅτι φιλανθρωπίᾳ ἐσώζετο. Ἐπεὶ εἰ μὴ τοῦτο ἦν, εἶπεν ἄν: Ἰδοὺ δέδωκας τῶν ἡμαρτημένων δίκην ἱκανήν: ἀσφαλίζου λοιπόν. Νῦν δὲ οὐχ οὕτως εἶπεν, ἀλλὰ πῶς; Ἴδε ὑγιὴς γέγονας: μηκέτι ἁμάρτανε. Ταῦτα καὶ ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς συνεχῶς ἐπιλέγωμεν, κἂν μὲν κολασθέντες ἀπαλλαγῶμεν, τοῦτο ἕκαστος πρὸς ἑαυτὸν λεγέτω: Ἴδε ὑγιὴς γέγονας: μηκέτι ἁμάρτανε. Ἂν δὲ μὴ δῶμεν δίκην, τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἐπιμένοντες, ἐκεῖνο τὸ ἀποστολικὸν ἐπᾴδωμεν, ὅτι Τὸ χρηστὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰς μετάνοιαν ἡμᾶς ἄγει: κατὰ δὲ τὴν σκληρότητα καὶ ἀμετανόητον ἡμῶν καρδίαν θησαυρίζομεν ἑαυτοῖς ὀργήν. Οὐ τῷ σφίγξαι δὲ τὸ σῶμα μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑτέρωθεν μέγα αὐτῷ παρέσχετο τῆς οἰκείας θεότητος σημεῖον. Τῷ γὰρ εἰπεῖν, Μηκέτι ἁμάρτανε, ἐδήλωσεν εἰδότα πάντα τὰ ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῷ γεγενημένα πλημμελήματα: ὅθεν καὶ πρὸς τὰ μέλλοντα ἔμελλεν ἀξιόπιστος εἶναι. Ἀπῆλθεν οὖν ὁ ἄνθρωπος καὶ ἀπήγγειλε τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν ὁ ποιήσας αὐτὸν ὑγιῆ. Καὶ ὅρα αὐτὸν πάλιν ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς μένοντα εὐγνωμοσύνης. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ εἰπὼν, Ἆρον τὸν κράββατόν σου. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι τὸ δοκοῦν ἔγκλημα τοῦτο ἀεὶ προέφερον, αὐτὸς τὴν ἀπολογίαν ἀεὶ προβάλλεται, πάλιν τὸν ἰατρὸν δῆλον ποιῶν, καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ἐφελκύσασθαι σπεύδων καὶ οἰκειώσασθαι. Οὐ γὰρ οὕτως ἀναίσθητος ἦν, ὡς μετὰ τοσαύτην εὐεργεσίαν καὶ παραίνεσιν προδοῦναι τὸν εὐεργέτην, καὶ κακούργῳ διανοίᾳ τοῦτο εἰπεῖν. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ θηρίον ἦν, εἰ γὰρ ἀπάνθρωπός τις καὶ λίθινος, ἱκανὴ καὶ ἡ εὐεργεσία καὶ ὁ φόβος αὐτὸν ἦν κατασχεῖν. Καὶ γὰρ ἔναυλον ἔχων τὴν ἀπειλὴν, ἔδεισεν ἂν μὴ χεῖρόν τι πάθῃ, μέγιστα λαβὼν τῆς τοῦ ἰατροῦ δυνάμεως δείγματα: ἄλλως τε εἰ διαβάλλειν ἐβούλετο, τὴν ὑγίειαν σιγήσας, τὴν παράβασιν εἶπεν ἂν καὶ κατηγόρησεν. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστι τοῦτο, οὐκ ἔστι: ἀλλὰ πολλῆς παῤῥησίας τὰ ῥήματα καὶ εὐγνωμοσύνης, καὶ ἀνακηρύττει τὸν εὐεργέτην οὐδὲν ἔλαττον τοῦ τυφλοῦ. Τί γὰρ ἐκεῖνός φησιν; Ἐποίησε πηλὸν, καὶ ἔχρισέ μου τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς: οὕτω καὶ οὗτος: Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν ὁ ποιήσας με ὑγιῆ. Ἐδίωκον οὖν αὐτὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, καὶ ἐζήτουν αὐτὸν ἀποκτεῖναι, ὅτι ταῦτα ἐποίει ἐν Σαββάτῳ. Τί οὖν ὁ Χριστός; Ὁ Πατήρ μου ἕως ἄρτι ἐργάζεται, κἀγὼ ἐργάζομαι. Ὅτε μὲν γὰρ ὑπὲρ τῶν μαθητῶν ἀπολογήσασθαι ἔδει, τὸν Δαυῒδ τὸν ὁμόδουλον αὐτῶν εἰς μέσον ἔφερεν, Οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε, λέγων, τί ἐποίησε Δαυῒδ, ὅτε ἐπείνασεν αὐτός; Ὅτε δὲ περὶ ἑαυτοῦ, ἐπὶ τὸν Πατέρα κατέφυγεν, ἑκατέρωθεν τὸ ὁμότιμον δεικνὺς, τῷ τε Πατέρα εἰπεῖν ἰδιαζόντως, καὶ τῷ τὰ αὐτὰ πράττειν ἐκείνῳ. Καὶ διατί μὴ εἶπε τὰ περὶ τὸν Ἱεριχὼ γενόμενα; Ἀναγαγεῖν αὐτοὺς ἠθέλησεν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, ἵνα μηκέτι ὡς ἀνθρώπῳ προσέχωσιν, ἀλλ' ὡς Θεῷ καὶ νομοθετεῖν ὀφείλοντι. Εἰ δὲ μὴ γνήσιος ἦν Υἱὸς καὶ τῆς αὐτῆς οὐσίας, ἡ ἀπολογία κατηγορίας μείζων ἐστίν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἴ τις ὕπαρχος νόμον βασιλικὸν μεταθεὶς, εἶτα ἐγκαλούμενος ἀπολογοῖτο οὕτω, καὶ λέγοι, ὅτι Καὶ γὰρ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἔλυσε, δυνήσεται διαφυγεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ μεῖζον τὸ ἔγκλημα οὕτως ἐργάσεται. Ἀλλ' ἐνταῦθα ἐπειδὴ ἴσα τὰ τῆς ἀξίας, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὰ τῆς ἀπολογίας ἀπήρτισται μετὰ ἀσφαλείας ἁπάσης. Ἀφ' ὧν γὰρ, φησὶν, ἀπολύετε τὸν Θεὸν ἐγκλημάτων, ἀπὸ τῶν αὐτῶν καὶ ἐμέ. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ προλαβὼν εἴρηκεν, Ὁ Πατήρ μου, ἵνα καὶ ἄκοντας πείσῃ τὰ αὐτὰ αὐτῷ συγχωρεῖν, τὴν ἀκριβῆ γνησιότητα αἰδεσθέντας. Εἰ δὲ λέγοι τις: Καὶ ποῦ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐργάζεται, ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ καταπαύσας ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἔργων αὐτοῦ; τὸν τρόπον μαθέτω καθ' ὃν ἐργάζεται. Τίς οὖν ὁ τρόπος τῆς ἐργασίας; Προνοεῖ, συγκροτεῖ τὰ γενόμενα πάντα. Ὁρῶν τοίνυν ἥλιον ἀνατέλλοντα, καὶ σελήνην τρέχουσαν, καὶ λίμνας, καὶ πηγὰς, καὶ ποταμοὺς, καὶ ὑετοὺς, καὶ φύσεως δρόμον, τὸν ἐν τοῖς σπέρμασι, τὸν ἐν τοῖς σώμασι τοῖς ἡμετέροις καὶ τοῖς τῶν ἀλόγων, τὰ ἄλλα πάντα δι' ὧν τόδε τὸ πᾶν συνέστηκε, μάνθανε τὴν διηνεκῆ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἐργασίαν. Ἀνατέλλει γὰρ, φησὶ, τὸν ἥλιον αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ πονηροὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς, καὶ βρέχει ἐπὶ δικαίους καὶ ἀδίκους. Καὶ πάλιν: Εἰ δὲ τὸν χόρτον τοῦ ἀγροῦ σήμερον ὄντα καὶ αὔριον εἰς πῦρ βαλλόμενον, οὕτως ὁ Θεὸς ἀμφιέννυσι: καὶ περὶ τῶν πετεινῶν διαλεγόμενος πάλιν: Ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ οὐράνιος τρέφει αὐτά. γʹ. Ἐνταῦθα μὲν οὖν διὰ ῥημάτων τὸ πᾶν ἐποίησεν ἐν Σαββάτῳ, καὶ οὐδὲν πλέον προσέθηκεν, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῶν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ γινομένων, καὶ ἀφ' ὧν αὐτοὶ πράττουσι, λύει τὰ ἐγκλήματα: ἔνθα δὲ καὶ ἔργον γενέσθαι ἐκέλευσεν, οἷον τὸ τὴν κλίνην ἆραι, οὐδὲν μέγα πρὸς τὸ πρᾶγμα συντελοῦν, ἀλλ' ἓν τοῦτο μόνον, δεικνύων σαφῆ τοῦ Σαββάτου τὴν λύσιν, ἐπὶ τὸ μεῖζον ἀνάγει τὸν λόγον, μᾶλλον αὐτοὺς καταπλῆξαι βουλόμενος ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ Πατρὸς ἀξίας, καὶ ἀναγαγεῖν ἐπὶ τὸ ὑψηλότερον. Διὰ τοῦτο ὅταν περὶ Σαββάτου ᾖ ὁ λόγος, οὔτε ὡς ἄνθρωπος μόνον ἀπολογεῖται, οὔτε ὡς Θεὸς μόνον, ἀλλὰ ποτὲ μὲν οὕτως, ποτὲ δὲ ἐκείνως. Ἠβούλετο γὰρ ἀμφότερα πιστεύεσθαι, καὶ τῆς οἰκονομίας τὴν συγκατάβασιν, καὶ τῆς θεότητος τὸ ἀξίωμα. Διὰ τοῦτο νῦν ὡς Θεὸς ἀπολογεῖται. Εἰ γὰρ ἔμελλεν ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων αὐτοῖς ἀεὶ διαλέγεσθαι μόνον, ἔμεινεν ἂν ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς ταπεινότητος. Διόπερ ἵνα μὴ τοῦτο γένηται, τὸν Πατέρα εἰς μέσον ἄγει. Καίτοι καὶ αὐτὴ ἡ κτίσις ἐργάζεται ἐν Σαββάτῳ. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ ἥλιος τρέχει, καὶ ποταμοὶ ῥέουσι, καὶ πηγαὶ βρύουσι, καὶ γυναῖκες τίκτουσιν Ἀλλ' ἵνα μάθῃς, ὅτι οὐ τῆς κτίσεώς ἐστιν, οὐκ εἶπε, Ναὶ, ἐργάζομαι: καὶ γὰρ ἡ κτίσις ἐργάζεται: ἀλλὰ τί; Ναὶ, ἐργάζομαι, καὶ γὰρ ὁ Πατήρ μου ἐργάζεται. Διὰ τοῦτο οὖν μᾶλλον ἐζήτουν αὐτὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, φησὶν, ἀποκτεῖναι, ὅτι οὐ μόνον ἔλυε τὸ σάββατον, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ Πατέρα ἴδιον ἔλεγε τὸν Θεὸν, ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ποιῶν τῷ Θεῷ. Καὶ μὴν οὐκ ἐνέφηνε τοῦτο μόνον: οὐ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς ῥήμασι τοῦτο ἐδείκνυ μόνοις, ἀλλὰ πολλῷ μάλιστα ἐν τοῖς πράγμασι Τί δήποτε; Ὅτι τοῖς μὲν λόγοις εἶχον ἐπισκήπτειν, καὶ ἀλαζονείαν ἐγκαλεῖν: τὴν δὲ τῶν πραγμάτων ὁρῶντες ἀλήθειαν ἐκβαίνουσαν, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων ἀνακηρυττομένην τὴν δύναμιν, οὐδὲν ἀντειπεῖν ἠδύναντο λοιπόν. Ἀλλ' οἱ μὴ βουλόμενοι μετ' εὐγνωμοσύνης ταῦτα δέχεσθαι, φασὶν, ὅτι οὐχ ὁ Χριστὸς ἐποίει ἑαυτὸν ἴσον τῷ Θεῷ, ἀλλ' οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι τοῦτο ὑπώπτευον. Οὐκοῦν ἄνωθεν φέρε τὰ εἰρημένα ἐπέλθωμεν. Εἰπὲ δή μοι, ἐδίωκον αὐτὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, ἢ οὐκ ἐδίωκον; Παντί που δῆλον ὅτι ἐδίωκον. Καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐδίωκον, ἢ δι' ἕτερόν τι; Καὶ τοῦτο συνομολογεῖται, ὅτι διὰ τοῦτο. Ἔλυεν οὖν τὸ σάββατον, ἢ οὐκ ἔλυεν; Οὐδὲ πρὸς τοῦτο ἔχοι τις ἂν ἀντειπεῖν. Πατέρα ἴδιον ἔλεγε τὸν Θεὸν, ἢ οὐκ ἔλεγε; Καὶ τοῦτο ἀληθές. Οὐκοῦν καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς τῆς αὐτῆς ἀκολουθίας ἔχεται. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τὸ Πατέρα λέγειν ἴδιον τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ τὸ λύειν τὸ σάββατον, καὶ τὸ διώκεσθαι παρὰ τῶν Ἰουδαίων διά τε ἐκεῖνο, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μᾶλλον, οὐχ ὑπονοίας ἦν ἐψευσμένης, ἀλλὰ πράγματος ἀληθοῦς: οὕτω καὶ τὸ ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ποιεῖν τῷ Θεῷ, τῆς αὐτῆς γνώμης ἀπόφασις ἦν. Καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν δὲ εἰρημένων τοῦτο σαφέστερον ἔστιν ἰδεῖν. Τὸ γὰρ, Ὁ Πατήρ μου ἐργάζεται, κἀγὼ ἐργάζομαι, ἴσον ἐστὶν ἑαυτὸν δεικνύντος τῷ Θεῷ. Οὐ γὰρ δείκνυ ἐν τούτοις οὐδεμίαν διαφοράν. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, Ἐκεῖνος μὲν ἐργάζεται, ἐγὼ δὲ ὑπουργῶ: ἀλλ', Ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνος ἐργάζεται, οὕτω καὶ ἐγώ. Καὶ ἰσότητα πολλὴν ἐπεδείξατο. Εἰ δὲ οὐκ αὐτὸς τοῦτο ἐβούλετο κατασκευάσαι, ἀλλ' οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι τοῦτο μάτην ὑπώπτευον: οὐκ ἂν ἀφῆκεν αὐτῶν εἶναι τὴν διάνοιαν ἐσφαλμένην, ἀλλὰ καὶ διώρθωσεν ἂν τοῦτο. Καὶ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς δὲ οὐκ ἂν αὐτὸ παρεσιώπησεν, ἀλλ' εἶπεν ἂν φανερῶς, ὅτι Ἰουδαῖοι μὲν οὕτως ὑπώπτευον, αὐτὸς δὲ οὐκ ἐποίει ἑαυτὸν ἴσον τῷ Θεῷ: ὥσπερ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο ποιεῖ, ὅταν ἴδῃ ἄλλως μὲν λεγόμενον, ἄλλως δὲ ὑποπτευόμενον τὸ λεχθέν: οἷον, Λύσατε τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον, ἔλεγεν ὁ Χριστὸς, καὶ ἐγὼ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερῶ αὐτὸν, περὶ τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ λέγων. Ἀλλ' οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι τοῦτο μὴ συνιέντες, καὶ νομίσαντες περὶ τοῦ Ἰουδαϊκοῦ ναοῦ λέγεσθαι, Ἐν τεσσαράκοντα καὶ ἓξ ἔτεσιν, ἔλεγον, ᾠκοδομήθη ὁ ναὸς οὗτος, καὶ σὺ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερεῖς αὐτόν; Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἄλλο μὲν εἶπεν αὐτὸς, ἄλλο δὲ ὑπώπτευσαν ἐκεῖνοι (αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ περὶ τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ ἔλεγεν, ἐκεῖνοι δὲ περὶ τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ ἑαυτῶν ἐνόμιζον τοῦτο εἰρῆσθαι), ἐπισημαινόμενος τοῦτο ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, μᾶλλον δὲ διορθούμενος αὐτῶν τὴν ὑπόνοιαν, ἐπήγαγε λέγων: Ἐκεῖνος δὲ ἔλεγε περὶ τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ. Ὥστε εἰ καὶ ἐνταῦθα ὁ μὲν Χριστὸς οὐκ ἐποίει ἑαυτὸν ἴσον, οὐδὲ ἐβούλετο τοῦτο παραστῆσαι, οἱ δὲ Ἰουδαῖοι τοῦτο ὑπώπτευσαν, διώρθωσεν ἂν κἀνταῦθα τὴν ὑπόνοιαν αὐτῶν, καὶ εἶπεν: Ἰουδαῖοι μὲν ἐνόμιζον ἑαυτὸν ἴσον ποιεῖν τῷ Θεῷ, ἐκεῖνος δὲ οὐ περὶ τῆς ἰσότητος ἔλεγε. Καὶ γὰρ οὐδὲ ἐνταῦθα μόνον οὗτος μόνος, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ πάλιν τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο φαίνεται ποιῶν καὶ ἕτερος εὐαγγελιστής. Ὅτε γὰρ παρήγγειλε τοῖς μαθηταῖς λέγων: Προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων, ἐκεῖνοι δὲ διελογίζοντο, λέγοντες, ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἐλάβομεν: καὶ ἄλλο μὲν αὐτὸς εἶπε, ζύμην τὴν διδασκαλίαν καλῶν, ἄλλο δὲ ὑπώπτευσαν οἱ μαθηταὶ, περὶ ἄρτων εἰρῆσθαι νομίζοντες, διορθοῦται αὐτὸ πάλιν, οὐκ ἔτι ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, ἀλλ' αὐτὸς ὁ Χριστὸς, οὕτω λέγων: Πῶς οὐ νοεῖτε ὅτι προσέχειν οὐ περὶ ἄρτων εἶπον ὑμῖν; Ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον. Καὶ μὴν, φησὶν, αὐτὸ τοῦτο ἀναιρῶν, ἐπήγαγεν ὁ Χριστός: Οὐ δύναται ὁ Υἱὸς ποιεῖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ οὐδέν. Τοὐναντίον μὲν οὖν, ἄνθρωπε, πεποίηκεν: οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀναιρῶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπισφίγγων τὴν ἰσότητα τοῦτο λέγει. Ἀλλὰ προσέχετε μετὰ ἀκριβείας: οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸ τυχόν ἐστι τὸ ζητούμενον. Τὸ γὰρ, Ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ, τοῦτο πολλαχοῦ τῆς Γραφῆς κεῖται, καὶ ἐπ' αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ Πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου. Καὶ δεῖ μαθεῖν τῆς λέξεως τὴν δύναμιν, ἵνα μὴ τὰ μέγιστα ἁμαρτάνωμεν. Εἰ γὰρ αὐτὴν καθ' ἑαυτὴν οὕτως ἐκλάβοι τις, ὥσπερ ἐστὶ πρόχειρον ἐκλαβεῖν, σκόπησον ἡλίκον ἕψεται τὸ ἄτοπον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι τὰ μὲν δύναται ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ ποιεῖν, τὰ δὲ οὐ δύναται, ἀλλὰ καθόλου εἶπεν: Οὐ δύναται ὁ Υἱὸς ποιεῖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ οὐδέν. δʹ. Ἐρώμεθα τοίνυν τὸν ἀντιλέγοντα τούτοις: Οὐδὲν οὖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ δύναται ποιεῖν ὁ Υἱὸς, εἰπέ μοι; Κἂν εἴπῃ, ὅτι Οὐδὲν, ἐροῦμεν, ὅτι Καὶ μὴν τὸ μέγιστον τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ πεποίηκε: καὶ βοᾷ Παῦλος, λέγων: Ὃς ἐν μορφῇ Θεοῦ ὑπάρχων, οὐχ ἁρπαγμὸν ἡγήσατο τὸ εἶναι ἴσα Θεῷ, ἀλλ' ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσε, μορφὴν δούλου λαβών. Καὶ πάλιν αὐτὸς ὁ Χριστὸς ἀλλαχοῦ: Ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι τὴν ψυχήν μου, καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἔχω λαβεῖν αὐτὴν, καὶ οὐδεὶς αἴρει αὐτὴν ἀπ' ἐμοῦ ἐγὼ τίθημι αὐτὴν ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ. Ὁρᾷς καὶ θανάτου καὶ ζωῆς ἐξουσίαν ἔχοντα, καὶ τὴν τοσαύτην οἰκονομίαν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ ἐργασάμενον; Καὶ τί λέγω περὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ; Ἡμεῖς γὰρ, ὧν οὐδὲν εὐτελέστερον γένοιτ' ἂν, πολλὰ ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν πράττομεν, καὶ κακίαν ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν αἱρούμενοι, καὶ ἀρετὴν ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν μετερχόμενοι. Εἰ δὲ μὴ ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν, μηδὲ ἐξουσίαν ἔχοντες, οὔτ' εἰς γέενναν ἁμαρτάνοντες ἐμπεσούμεθα, οὔτε βασιλείας κατορθοῦντες ἐπιτευξόμεθα. Οὐδὲν οὖν ἄλλο ἐστὶ τὸ, Ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ οὐ δύναται ποιεῖν οὐδὲν, ἢ ὅτι οὐδὲν ἐναντίον τῷ Πατρὶ, οὐδὲν ἀλλότριον, οὐδὲν ξένον, ὃ μάλιστα τὴν ἰσότητα ἐνδεικνυμένου καὶ τὴν πολλὴν συμφωνίαν ἐστί. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν οὐκ εἶπεν, ὅτι οὐδὲν ἐναντίον ποιεῖ, ἀλλ' ὅτι Οὐ δύναται; Ἵνα κἀντεῦθεν δείξῃ πάλιν τὸ ἀπαράλλακτον καὶ τὴν ἀκρίβειαν τῆς ἰσότητος. Οὐ γὰρ ἀσθένειαν αὐτοῦ κατηγορεῖ τὸ ῥῆμα, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλὴν αὐτοῦ τὴν δύναμιν μαρτυρεῖ. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ περὶ τοῦ Πατρός φησιν ὁ Παῦλος: Ἵνα διὰ δύο πραγμάτων ἀμεταθέτων, ἐν οἷς ἀδύνατον ψεύσασθαι Θεόν: καὶ πάλιν, Εἰ ἀρνησόμεθα, ἐκεῖνος πιστὸς μένει: ἀρνήσασθαι ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται. Καὶ οὐ δήπου τοῦτο τὸ, Ἀδύνατον, δηλωτικὸν ἀσθενείας, ἀλλὰ δυνάμεώς ἐστι, καὶ δυνάμεως ἀφάτου. Ὃ οὖν λέγει, τοῦτό ἐστι: Πάντων ἀνεπίδεκτος ἡ οὐσία ἐκείνη τῶν τοιούτων ἐστίν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὅταν λέγωμεν καὶ ἡμεῖς, ἀδύνατον τὸν Θεὸν ἁμαρτεῖν, οὐκ ἀσθένειαν αὐτοῦ κατηγοροῦμεν, ἀλλὰ ἄῤῥητόν τινα δύναμιν αὐτοῦ μαρτυροῦμεν: οὕτω δὴ καὶ αὐτὸς ὅταν εἴπῃ, Οὐ δύναμαι ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ ποιεῖν οὐδὲν, τοῦτο λέγει, ὅτι Ἀδύνατον καὶ ἀνεγχώρητόν ἐστιν ἐμὲ ποιῆσαί τι ἐναντίον τῷ Πατρί. Καὶ ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ λεγόμενον, τὰ ἑξῆς ἐπελθόντες, ἴδωμεν τίσι ψηφίζεται ὁ Χριστός: πότερον τοῖς παρ' ἡμῶν λεχθεῖσιν, ἢ τοῖς παρ' ὑμῖν. Σὺ μὲν γὰρ φῂς τὴν ἐξουσίαν ἀναιρεῖν τὸ ῥῆμα, καὶ τὴν προσήκουσαν αὐθεντίαν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν δύναμιν ἀσθενῆ δεικνύναι: ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὅτι τὴν ἰσότητα, καὶ τὸ ἀπαράλλακτον, καὶ τὸ ὡσανεὶ ἐκ μιᾶς γνώμης καὶ ἐξουσίας καὶ δυνάμεως γινόμενον ἐμφαίνει τοῦτο. Οὐκοῦν αὐτὸν ἐρώμεθα τὸν Χριστὸν, καὶ ἴδωμεν δι' ὧν φησιν ἑξῆς, πότερον πρὸς τὴν σὴν ὑπόνοιαν, ἢ πρὸς τὴν ἡμετέραν ἑρμηνεύει τὰ εἰρημένα. Τί οὖν φησιν: Ἃ γὰρ ἂν ὁ Πατὴρ ποιῇ, ταῦτα καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ὁμοίως ποιεῖ. Εἶδες πῶς πρόῤῥιζον ἀνεῖλε τὸ ὑμέτερον, καὶ τὰ εἰρημένα παρ' ἡμῶν ἐβεβαίωσεν; Εἰ γὰρ ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ οὐδὲν ποιεῖ, ἔσται οὐδὲ ὁ Πατὴρ ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ τι ποιῶν, εἴ γε ὁμοίως αὐτῷ πάντα ποιεῖ. Ἐπεὶ εἰ μὴ τοῦτό ἐστι, καὶ ἕτερον ἄτοπον ἕψεται. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι ἃ εἶδε τὸν Πατέρα ποιοῦντα ἐποίησεν, ἀλλ', Ἐὰν μή τι βλέπῃ τὸν Πατέρα ποιοῦντα, οὐ ποιεῖ, τῷ παντὶ παρατείνων χρόνῳ τὸν λόγον: καὶ ἔσται καθ' ὑμᾶς ἀεὶ τὰ αὐτὰ μανθάνων. Εἶδες πῶς τὸ μὲν νόημά ἐστιν ὑψηλὸν, ἡ δὲ ταπεινότης τοῦ ῥήματος καὶ τοὺς λίαν ἀναισχύντους καὶ μὴ βουλομένους ἀναγκάζει φυγεῖν τὸ χαμαίζηλον καὶ σφόδρα τῆς ἀξίας ἐκείνης ἀπᾷδον; Τίς γὰρ οὕτως ἄθλιος καὶ ταλαίπωρος, ὡς εἰπεῖν τὸν Υἱὸν καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν μανθάνειν ἃ δεῖ ποιεῖν; Πῶς δὲ ἔσται ἐκεῖνο ἀληθὲς, τὸ, Σὺ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ, καὶ τὰ ἔτη σου οὐκ ἐκλείψουσι; πῶς δὲ, Καὶ πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν: εἴ γε τὰ μὲν ὁ Πατὴρ ποιεῖ, τὰ δὲ αὐτὸς ὁρῶν μιμεῖται; Ὁρᾷς ὅτι καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἄνωθεν εἰρημένων, καὶ ἐκ τῶν μετὰ ταῦτα λεχθέντων δείκνυται τῆς αὐθεντίας ἡ ἀπόδειξις; Εἰ δὲ ταπεινότερον προάγει τῶν ῥημάτων ἔνια, μὴ θαυμάσῃς. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐδίωκον αὐτὸν, τὰ ὑψηλὰ ἀκούσαντες, καὶ ἀντίθεον εἶναι ἐνόμιζον, ὀλίγον καθυφεὶς διὰ τῶν ῥημάτων μόνων, πάλιν ἐπὶ τὰ ὑψηλότερα ἀνάγει τὸν λόγον: εἶτα πάλιν ἐπὶ τὰ ταπεινὰ, ποικίλλων αὐτοῦ τὴν διδασκαλίαν, ὥστε εὐπαράδεκτον γενέσθαι καὶ τοῖς ἀγνώμοσι. Σκόπει δέ: Εἰπὼν, Ὁ Πατήρ μου ἐργάζεται, κἀγὼ ἐργάζομαι: καὶ ἀποφήνας ἴσον ἑαυτὸν τῷ Θεῷ, πάλιν λέγει: Οὐ δύναται ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ ποιεῖν ὁ Υἱὸς οὐδὲν, ἐὰν μή τι βλέπῃ τὸν Πατέρα ποιοῦντα. Εἶτα πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ὑψηλότερον: Ἃ γὰρ ἂν ἐκεῖνος ποιῇ, ταῦτα καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ὁμοίως ποιεῖ: πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ταπεινότερον: Ὁ Πατὴρ ἀγαπᾷ τὸν Υἱὸν, καὶ πάντα δείκνυσιν αὐτῷ, ἃ αὐτὸς ποιεῖ, καὶ μείζονα τούτων δείξει αὐτῷ ἔργα. Εἶδες ὅσον πάλιν τὸ ταπεινόν; Εἰκότως. Ὃ γὰρ ἔφθην εἰπὼν, καὶ λέγων οὐ παύσομαι, τοῦτο καὶ νῦν ἐρῶ: ὅτι ἡνίκα ἂν λέγῃ τι χαμαίζηλον καὶ ταπεινὸν, μεθ' ὑπερβολῆς αὐτὸ τίθησιν, ἵνα καὶ τοὺς ἀγνώμονας ἡ τῶν ῥημάτων εὐτέλεια πείσῃ μετ' εὐσεβοῦς διανοίας δέξασθαι τὰ νοήματα. Ἐπεὶ εἰ μὴ τοῦτό ἐστιν, ἐννόησον πῶς ἄτοπον τὸ εἰρημένον, ἀπ' αὐτῶν τῶν ῥημάτων γυμνάζων. Ὅταν γὰρ εἴπῃ, Καὶ μείζονα τούτων δείξει αὐτῷ ἔργα, εὑρεθήσεται πολλὰ μηδέπω μαθών: ὅπερ οὐδὲ περὶ ἀποστόλων ἔστιν εἰπεῖν. Τοῦ γὰρ Πνεύματος ἅπαξ λαβόντες τὴν χάριν, ἀθρόον πάντα καὶ ᾔδεσαν καὶ ἐδύναντο ἐκεῖνο. ἅπερ καὶ εἰδέναι αὐτοὺς καὶ δύνασθαι ἔδει. Οὗτος δὲ εὑρεθήσεται πολλὰ ὧν εἰδέναι ἐχρῆν, μηδέπω μαθών. Καὶ τί τούτου γένοιτ' ἂν ἀτοπώτερον; Τί οὖν ἐστι τὸ εἰρημένον, Ἐπειδὴ τὸν παράλυτον ἔσφιγξε, μέλλει δὲ καὶ νεκρὸν ἐγείρειν, διὰ τοῦτο οὕτως εἶπε, μονονουχὶ τοῦτο λέγων: Θαυμάζετε ὅτι παράλυτον ἔσφιγξα; μείζονα τούτων ὄψεσθε. Ἀλλ' οὕτω μὲν οὐκ εἶπε, ταπεινότερον δέ πως διέξεισιν, ἵνα αὐτῶν παραμυθήσηται τὴν μανίαν. Καὶ ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι τὸ, Δείξει, οὐ κυρίως εἴρηται, ἄκουσον τῶν ἑξῆς ὧν ἐπάγει πάλιν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐγείρει τοὺς νεκροὺς καὶ ζωοποιεῖ, φησὶν, οὕτω καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς οὓς θέλει ζωοποιεῖ. Καίτοι τὸ, Οὐδὲν δύναται ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ ποιεῖν, τῷ, Οὓς θέλει, ἐναντίον ἐστίν. Εἰ γὰρ οὓς θέλει, δύναται ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ ποιεῖν (τὸ γὰρ θέλειν, ἐξουσίας): εἰ δὲ οὐ δύναται ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ οὐκ ἔτι οὓς θέλει. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ, Ὥσπερ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐγείρει, τῆς δυνάμεως δείκνυσι τὴν ἀπαραλλαξίαν: τὸ δὲ, Οὓς θέλει, τῆς ἐξουσίας τὴν ἰσότητα. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι τὸ, Οὐ δύναται ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ ποιεῖν, οὐ τὴν ἐξουσίαν ἀναιροῦντός ἐστιν, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀπαράλλακτον τῆς δυνάμεως καὶ τοῦ θελήματος ἐνδεικνυμένου; Οὕτω καὶ τὸ, Δείξει αὐτῷ, νόησον. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ φησιν: Ἐγὼ ἀναστήσω αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ. Καὶ πάλιν, δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐκ ἐνέργειαν δεχόμενος ποιεῖ, Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀνάστασις, φησὶ, καὶ ἡ ζωή. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ λέγῃς, ὅτι νεκροὺς μὲν ἐγείρει οὓς θέλει, καὶ ζωοποιεῖ, τὰ δὲ ἄλλα οὐχ οὕτω ποιεῖ, προλαβὼν πᾶσαν ἀπέκλεισεν ἀντιλογίαν τοιαύτην, εἰπών: Ἃ γὰρ ἂν ἐκεῖνος ποιῇ, ταῦτα καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ὁμοίως ποιεῖ: δηλῶν ὅτι καὶ πάντα ἃ ἐκεῖνος, καὶ οὕτως ὡς ἐκεῖνος ποιεῖ: κἂν νεκρῶν εἴπῃς ἀνάστασιν, κἂν σωμάτων διάπλασιν, κἂν ἁμαρτημάτων ἄφεσιν, κἂν ἀλλοτιοῦν, ὁμοίως ἐργάζεται τῷ γεγεννηκότι. εʹ. Ἀλλ' οὐδενὶ τούτων προσέχουσιν οἱ τῆς ἑαυτῶν ἀμελοῦντες σωτηρίας: τοσοῦτον κακὸν τὸ προεδρίας ἐρᾷν. Τοῦτο τὰς αἱρέσεις ἔτεκε, τοῦτο τὴν τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐβεβαίωσεν ἀσέβειαν. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ Θεὸς τὰ ἀόρατα αὐτοῦ ἠβούλετο διὰ τῆς κτίσεως τοῦ κόσμου νοηθῆναι τούτου: ἐκεῖνοι δὲ ταῦτα ἀφέντες, καὶ ἀπαξιώσαντες διὰ ταύτης ἐλθεῖν τῆς διδασκαλίας, ἑτέραν ἔτεμον ἑαυτοῖς ὁδόν: διὸ καὶ τῆς οὔσης ἐξέπεσον. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ Ἰουδαῖοι οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν, δόξαν παρ' ἀλλήλων λαμβάνοντες, καὶ τὴν παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ δόξαν οὐ ζητοῦντες. Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς, ἀγαπητοὶ, τοῦτο φεύγωμεν τὸ νόσημα μεθ' ὑπερβολῆς καὶ σπουδῆς ἁπάσης. Κἂν γὰρ μυρία κατορθώματα ἔχωμεν, πάντα ἱκανὴ διαλῦσαι τῆς κενοδοξίας ἡ λύμη. Εἰ τοίνυν ἐπαίνων ἐρῶμεν, τοὺς παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ ζητῶμεν ἐπαίνους. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ παρὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἔπαινος, οἷος ἂν ᾖ, ὁμοῦ τε ἐφάνη καὶ ἀπώλετο: κἂν μὴ ἀπόληται, τὸ κέρδος οὐδὲν ἡμῖν ἤνεγκε, καὶ ἀπὸ κρίσεως δὲ γίνεται διεφθαρμένης πολλάκις. Τί γὰρ θαυμαστὸν ἡ παρὰ ἀνθρώπων ἔχει δόξα, ἧς καὶ ὀρχούμενοι ἀπολαύουσι νέοι, καὶ διεφθαρμέναι γυναῖκες, καὶ πλεονέκται καὶ ἅρπαγες; Ὁ δὲ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ θαυμαζόμενος οὐ μετὰ τούτων, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τῶν ἁγίων ἐκείνων θαυμάζεται, τῶν προφητῶν λέγω, τῶν ἀποστόλων, τῶν ἀγγελικὸν ἐπιδειξαμένων βίον. Εἰ δὲ τὸ περιάγειν ὄχλους, καὶ τὸ ἀποβλέπεσθαι ποθοῦμεν, ἐξετάσωμεν αὐτὸ καθ' ἑαυτὸ, καὶ οὐδενὸς ἄξιον εὑρήσομεν ὄν. Ὅλως δὲ, εἰ καὶ ὄχλων ἐρᾷς, ἐφέλκου τὸν δῆμον τῶν ἀγγέλων, καὶ γίνου φοβερὸς δαίμοσι, καὶ τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων οὐδένα ποιήσῃ λόγον: ἀλλὰ πάντα οὕτω καταπατήσεις τὰ λαμπρὰ, ὡς βόρβορον καὶ πηλόν: καὶ ὄψει τότε σαφῶς, ὅτι οὐδὲν οὕτω παρασκευάζει ψυχὴν ἀσχημονεῖν, ὡς τὸ δόξης ἐρᾷν. Οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν, οὐκ ἔστι τὸν ταύτης ἐρῶντα μὴ ζῆσαι βίον ἐσταυρωμένον: ὥσπερ οὖν οὐκ ἔστι πατήσαντα ταύτην, μὴ τὰ πλείονα τῶν παθῶν καταπατῆσαι. Ὁ γὰρ ταύτης περιγενόμενος, καὶ φθόνου καὶ φιλοχρηματίας, καὶ πάντων περιέσται τῶν χαλεπῶν νοσημάτων. Καὶ πῶς αὐτῆς περιεσόμεθα, φησίν; Ἂν πρὸς τὴν ἄλλην ἴδωμεν δόξαν τὴν ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν, ἧς ἐκβάλλειν ἡμᾶς αὕτη βιάζεται. Ἐκείνη γὰρ καὶ ἐνταῦθα ποιεῖ λαμπροὺς, καὶ μεθ' ἡμῶν πρὸς τὴν μέλλουσαν συναποδημεῖ ζωὴν, καὶ πάσης ἡμᾶς ἐλευθεροῖ δουλείας σαρκικῆς, ᾗ μετὰ πολλῆς ἀθλιότητος δουλεύομεν νῦν, ὅλους ἑαυτοὺς τῇ γῇ καὶ τοῖς ταύτης ἐκδόντες πράγμασι. Κἂν εἰς ἀγορὰν ἐμβάλῃς, κἂν εἰς οἰκίαν εἰσέλθῃς, κἂν εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς, κἂν εἰς τοὺς σταθμοὺς, κἂν εἰς τὰ καταγώγια, κἂν εἰς τὰ πανδοχεῖα, κἂν εἰς πλοῖον, κἂν εἰς νῆσον, κἂν εἰς τὰ βασίλεια, κἂν εἰς τὰ δικαστήρια, κἂν εἰς βουλευτήρια, πανταχοῦ τῶν παρόντων καὶ τῶν βιωτικῶν πραγμάτων ὄψει τὴν φροντίδα, καὶ ἕκαστον ὑπὲρ τούτων κοπτόμενον, τούς τε ἀπόντας τούς τε ἐπιόντας, τοὺς ἀποδημοῦντας τούς τε μένοντας, τοὺς πλέοντας, τοὺς γεωργοῦντας, τοὺς ἐν τοῖς ἀγροῖς, τοὺς ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι, πάντας ἁπλῶς. Τίς οὖν ἡμῖν ἐλπὶς σωτηρίας ἔσται, ὅταν τὴν γῆν οἰκοῦντες τοῦ Θεοῦ, μὴ τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ φρονῶμεν, ἀλλὰ κελευσθέντες εἶναι ξένοι τῶν ἐνταῦθα, ξένοι τῶν οὐρανῶν ὦμεν, καὶ τῶν ἐνταῦθα πολῖται; Τί ταύτης τῆς ἀναισθησίας χεῖρον γένοιτ' ἂν, ὅταν καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν τὰ τῆς κρίσεως, τὰ τῆς βασιλείας ἀκούοντες, τοὺς ἐπὶ τοῦ Νῶε μιμώμεθα καὶ τοὺς ἐν Σοδόμοις, τῇ πείρᾳ τῶν πραγμάτων μένοντες πάντα μαθεῖν; Καίτοι γε διὰ τοῦτο πάντα ἐκεῖνα γέγραπται, ἵνα εἴ τις τοῖς μέλλουσιν ἀπιστεῖ, ἀπὸ τῶν ἤδη γεγενημένων σαφῆ λάβῃ καὶ περὶ τῶν μελλόντων τὴν ἀπόδειξιν. Ταῦτα οὖν ἐννοοῦντες, καὶ τὰ παρεληλυθότα καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα, μικρὸν γοῦν ἀναπνεύσωμεν τῆς χαλεπῆς ταύτης δουλείας, καί τινα καὶ τῆς ψυχῆς ποιησώμεθα λόγον, ἵνα καὶ τῶν παρόντων καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπιτύχωμεν ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.