Chapter 55 [XLVII.]—The Same Continued.

Mark also what follows. “We may perceive,” says he, “the same thing to be true of hearing, smelling, and seeing,—that to hear, and to smell, and to see is of our own power, while the ability to hear, and to smell, and to see is not of our own power, but lies in a natural necessity.” Either I do not understand what he means, or he does not himself. For how is the possibility of seeing not in our own power, if the necessity of not seeing is in our own power because blindness is in our own power, by which we can deprive ourselves, if we will, of this very ability to see? How, moreover, is it in our own power to see whenever we will, when, without any loss whatever to our natural structure of body in the organ of sight, we are unable, even though we wish, to see,—either by the removal of all external lights during the night, or by our being shut up in some dark place? Likewise, if our ability or our inability to hear is not in our own power, but lies in the necessity of nature, whereas our actual hearing or not hearing is of our own will, how comes it that he is inattentive to the fact that there are so many things which we hear against our will, which penetrate our sense even when our ears are stopped, as the creaking of a saw near to us, or the grunt of a pig? Although the said stopping of our ears shows plainly enough that it does not lie within our own power not to hear so long as our ears are open; perhaps, too, such a stopping of our ears as shall deprive us of the entire sense in question proves that even the ability not to hear lies within our own power. As to his remarks, again, concerning our sense of smell, does he not display no little carelessness when he says “that it is not in our own power to be able or to be unable to smell, but that it is in our own power”—that is to say, in our free will—“to smell or not to smell?” For let us suppose some one to place us, with our hands firmly tied, but yet without any injury to our olfactory members, among some bad and noxious smells; in such a case we altogether lose the power, however strong may be our wish, not to smell, because every time we are obliged to draw breath we also inhale the smell which we do not wish.

CAPUT XLVII.

55. Idem tractatur argumentum. Attendite etiam quae sequuntur: «Hoc,» inquit, «et de auditu, odoratu, vel visu sentiri possibile est, quod audire, odorari, videre potestatis nostrae sit; posse vero audire, vel odorari, vel videre potestatis nostrae non sit, sed in naturali necessitate consistat.» Aut ego non intelligo quid dicat, aut ipse. Quomodo enim in potestate nostra non est videndi possibilitas, si in potestate nostra est non videndi necessitas, quia in potestate est caecitas, qua id ipsum videre posse nobis, si volumus, adimamus? Quomodo autem in potestate nostra est videre, si velimus, cum etiam salva integritate naturae corporis oculorumque nostrorum, nec volentes videre possimus, sive per noctem luminibus quae forinsecus adhibentur ademptis, sive nos quisquam in tenebroso loco aliquo includat? Item si quod audire possumus vel non possumus, in nostra potestate non est, sed in naturae constrictione; quod vero audimus vel non audimus, hoc est propriae voluntatis: cur non attendit, quanta audiamus inviti, quae penetrant in sensum nostrum etiam auribus obturatis, sicuti est de proximo serrae stridor, vel grunnitus suis? Quanquam obturatio aurium ostendit, non in potestate nostra esse, apertis auribus non audire: facit etiam fortasse talis obturatio quae ipsum sensum nostrum adimat, ut in nostra potestate sit etiam audire non posse. 0274 De odoratu autem quod dicit, nonne parum attendit , «non esse in nostra potestate posse odorari vel non posse, sed in nostra potestate esse,» hoc est, in libera voluntate, «odorari vel non odorari:» cum inter odores graves et molestos quando constituti fuerimus, si quis nos illic manibus ligatis constituat, servata prorsus integritate ac salute membrorum velimus non odorari, nec omnino possimus; quia cum spiritum ducere cogimur; simul et odorem quem nolumus, trahimus?