Homily LXV.

John xi. 49, 50

“And one of them, Caiaphas, being the High Priest that same year, said unto them, Ye know nothing at all, nor consider that it is expedient that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation perish not,” &c.

[1.] “The heathen are stuck fast in the destruction which they made; in the trap which they hid is their foot taken.” ( Ps. ix. 15 , LXX.) This hath been the case with the Jews. They said that they would kill Jesus, lest the Romans should come and take away their place and nation; and when they had killed Him, these things happened unto them, and when they had done that by doing which they thought to escape, they yet did not escape. He who was slain is in Heaven, and they who slew have for their portion hell. Yet they did not consider these things; but what? “They desired,” It saith, “from that day forth to kill Him” ( ver. 53 ), for they said, “The Romans will come, and will take away our nation; and a certain one of them, Caiaphas, being High Priest that year, said,” (being more shameless than the rest,) “Ye know nothing.” What the others made matter of doubt, and put forth in the way of deliberation, this man cried aloud, shamelessly, openly, audaciously. For what saith he? “Ye know nothing, nor consider that it is expedient that one man should die, and that the whole nation perish not.”

Ver. 51. “And this spake he not of himself, but being High Priest he prophesied.”1830   “Being High Priest that year, he prophesied that Jesus should die for that nation,” ver. 52, “and not for that nation only, but that also He should gather together in one the children of God that were scattered abroad.” G. T.

Seest thou how great is the force of the High Priest’s authority? or, since he had in any wise been deemed worthy of the High Priesthood, although unworthy thereof, he prophesied, not knowing what he said; and the grace merely made use of his mouth, but touched not his accursed heart. Indeed many others have foretold things to come, although unworthy to do so, as Nebuchadnezzar, Pharaoh, Balaam; and the reason of all is evident. But what he saith is of this kind. “Ye still sit quiet, ye give heed but carelessly to this matter, and know not how to despise one man’s safety for the sake of the community.” See how great is the power of the Spirit; from an evil imagination It was able to bring forth words full of marvelous prophecy. The Evangelist calleth the Gentiles “children of God,” from what was about to be: as also Christ Himself saith, “Other sheep I have” ( c. x. 16 ), so calling them from what should afterwards come to pass.

But what is, “being High Priest that year”? This matter as well as the rest had become corrupt; for from the time that offices became matters of purchase, they were no longer priests for the whole period of their lives, but for a year. Notwithstanding, even in this state of things the Spirit was still present. But when they lifted up their hands against Christ, then It left them, and removed to the Apostles. This the rending of the veil declared, and the voice of Christ which said, “Behold, your house is left unto you desolate.” ( Matt. xxiii. 38.) And Josephus, who lived a short time after, saith, that certain Angels who yet remained with them, (to see) if they would alter their ways, left them.1831    De Bell. Jud . l. 6, 31. “During the Festival called Pentecost, the Priests having come by night into the Inner temple to perform their services, as was their custom, reported that they perceived a motion and noise, and after that a voice as of a multitude, Let us depart hence.” While the vineyard stood, all things1832   πάντα ἐγίνετο went on; but when they had slain the Heir, no longer so, but they perished. And God having taken it from the Jews, as a glorious garment from an unprofitable son, gave it to right-minded servants of the Gentiles, leaving the others desolate and naked. It was, moreover, no small thing that even an enemy should prophesy this. This might draw over others also. For in respect of his1833   “Caiaphas.” will, matters fell out contrariwise, since,1834   al. “and.” when He died, the faithful were on this account delivered from the punishment to come. What meaneth, “That He might gather together those near and those afar off” ( ver. 52 )? He made them one Body. The dweller in Rome deemeth the Indians a member of himself. What is equal to this “gathering together”? And the Head of all is Christ.

Ver. 53. “From that day forth the Jews1835   “they,” N.T. took counsel to put Him to death.”

And, in truth, had sought to do so before; for the Evangelist saith, “Therefore the Jews sought to kill Him” ( c. v. 18 ); and, “Why seek ye to kill Me?” ( c. vii. 19.) But then they only sought, now they ratified their determination, and treated the action as their business.

Ver. 54. “But Jesus walked no more openly in Jewry.”1836    Ver. 54. “Jesus therefore walked no more openly among the Jews; but went thence unto a country near to the wilderness, into a city called Ephraim, and there continued with his disciples.” 55. “And the Jews’ Passover was nigh at hand.” N.T.

[2.] Again He saveth Himself in a human manner, and this He doth continually. But I have mentioned the reason for which He often departed and withdrew. And at this time He dwelt in Ephratah, near the wilderness, and there He tarried with His disciples. How thinkest thou that those disciples were confounded when they beheld Him saving Himself after the manner of a man? After this no man followed Him. For since the Feast was nigh, all were running to Jerusalem; but they,1837   i.e. the disciples. at a time when all others were rejoicing and holding solemn assembly, hide themselves, and are in danger. Yet still they tarried with Him. For they hid themselves in Galilee, at the time of the Passover and the Feast of Tabernacles; and after this again during the Feast, they only of all were with their Master in flight and concealment, manifesting their good will to Him. Hence Luke recordeth that He said, “I abode with you in temptations”; 1838   Luke xxii. 28. “Ye are they which have continued with Me in My temptations.” and this He said, showing that they were strengthened by His influence.1839   ῥ οπῆς

Ver. 55.1840    Ver. 55–57. “And many went out of the country up to Jerusalem before the Passover to purify themselves. Then sought they for Jesus, and spake among themselves as they stood in the Temple, What think ye, that He will not come to the feast? Now both the Chief Priests and Pharisees had given a commandment, that if any man knew where He were, he should show it, that they might take Him. ” N.T. “And many went up from the country to purify themselves.”

Ver. 57. “And the High Priests and Pharisees had commanded that they should lay hands on Him.”

A marvelous purification, with a murderous will, with homicidal intentions, and bloodstained hands!

Ver. 56. “And they said, Think ye that he will not come to the feast?”

By means of the Passover they plotted against Him, and made the time of feasting a time of murder, that is, He there would fall into their hands, because the season summoned Him. What impiety! When they needed greater carefulness, and to forgive those who had been taken for the worst offenses, then they attempted to ensnare One who had done no wrong. Yet by acting thus they had already not only profited nothing, but become ridiculous. For this end coming among them continually He escapeth, and restraineth them when they take counsel1841   al. “wish.” to kill Him, and maketh them to be in perplexity, desiring to prick them by the display of His power; that when they took Him, they might know that what had been done was done, not by their power, but by His permission. For not even at that time could they take Him, and this though Bethany was near; and when they did take Him, He cast them backwards.

Ch. xii. ver. 1, 2. “Then six days before the Passover He came to Bethany, where Lazarus was, and feasted with them; and Martha served, but Lazarus sat at meat.”1842    Ch. xii. ver. 1, 2. “Then Jesus, six days before the Passover, came to Bethany, where Lazarus was which had been dead, whom He raised from the dead. There they made Him a supper, and Martha served, but Lazarus was one of them that sat at the table with Him.” N.T.

This was a proof of the genuineness of his resurrection, that after many days he both lived and ate. “And Martha ministered”; whence it is clear that the meal was in her house, for they received Jesus as loving and beloved. Some, however, say, that it took place in the house of another. Mary did not minister, for she was a disciple. Here again she acted in the more spiritual manner. For she did not minister as being invited, nor did she afford her services to all alike. But she directeth1843   περιίστησι the honor to Him alone, and approacheth Him not as a man, but as a God. On this account she poured out the ointment,1844    Ver. 3–6. “Then took Mary a pound of ointment of spikenard, very precious, and anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped His feet with her hair: and the whole house was filled with the odor of the ointment. Then saith one of His disciples, Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son, which should betray Him, Why was not this ointment sold for three hundred pence, and given to the poor? This he said, not that he cared for the poor, but because he was a thief, and had the bag, and bare what was put therein.” and wiped (His feet) with the hairs of her head, which was the action of one who did not entertain the same opinion concerning Him as did others; yet Judas rebuked her, under the pretense forsooth of carefulness. What then saith Christ? “She hath done a good work for My burying.”1845   These words are from St. Matthew or St. Mark. In St. John we read, ver. 7 , “Then said Jesus, Let her alone, against the day of My burying hath she kept this.” But why did He not expose the disciple in the case of the woman, nor say to him what the Evangelist hath declared, that on account of his own thieving he rebuked her? In His abundant longsuffering He wished to bring him to a better mind.1846   ἐ ντρέπειν For because He knew that he was a traitor, He from the beginning often rebuked him, saying, “Not all believe,” and, “One of you is a devil.” ( c. vi. 64.) He showed them that He knew him to be a traitor, yet He did not openly rebuke him, but bare with him, desiring to recall him. How then saith another Evangelist, that all the disciples used these words? ( Matt. xxvi. 70.) All used them, and so did he, but the others not with like purpose. And if any one ask why He put the bag of the poor in the hands of a thief, and made him steward who was a lover of money, we would reply, that God knoweth the secret reason; but that, if we may say something by conjecture, it was that He might cut off from him all excuse. For he could not say that he did this thing1847   i.e. the betrayal. from love of money, (for he had in the bag sufficient to allay his desire,) but from excessive wickedness which Christ wished to restrain, using much condescension towards him. Wherefore He did not even rebuke him as stealing, although aware of it, stopping the way to his wicked desire, and taking from him all excuse. “Let her alone,” He saith, “for against the day of My burying hath she done1848   “kept,” N.T. this.” Again, He maketh mention of the traitor in speaking of His burial. But him the reproof reacheth not, nor doth the expression soften1849   al. “nor will the expression check.” him, though sufficient to inspire him with pity: as if He had said, “I am burdensome and troublesome, but wait a little while, and I shall depart.” This too he intended in saying,

Ver. 8. “But Me ye have not always.”1850   “For the poor always ye have with you, but Me,” &c., N.T.

But none of these things turned back1851   or, “bent.” that savage madman; yet in truth Jesus said and did far more than this, He washed his feet that night, made him a sharer in the table and the salt, a thing which is wont to restrain even the souls of robbers, and spake other words, enough to melt a stone, and this, not long before, but on the very day, in order that not even time might cause it to be forgotten. But he stood out against all.

[3.] For a dreadful, a dreadful thing is the love of money, it disables both eyes and ears, and makes men worse to deal with than a wild beast, allowing a man to consider neither conscience, nor friendship, nor fellowship, nor the salvation of his own soul, but having withdrawn them at once from all these things, like some harsh mistress,1852   τυραννίς it makes those captured by it its slaves. And the dreadful part of so bitter a slavery is, that it persuades them even to be grateful for it; and the more they become enslaved, the more doth their pleasure increase; and in this way especially the malady becomes incurable, in this way the monster becomes hard to conquer. This made Gehazi a leper instead of a disciple and a prophet; this destroyed Ananias and her with him;1853   τοὺς περὶ this made Judas a traitor; this corrupted the rulers of the Jews, who received gifts, and became the partners of thieves. This hath brought in ten thousand wars, filling the ways with blood, the cities with wailings and lamentations. This hath made meals to become impure, and tables accursed, and hath filled food with transgression; therefore hath Paul called it “idolatry”: ( Col. iii. 5 ), and not even so hath he deterred men from it. And why calleth he it “idolatry”? Many possess wealth, and dare not use it, but consecrate it, handing it down untouched, not daring to touch it, as though it were some dedicated thing. And if at any time they are forced to do so, they feel as though they had done something unlawful. Besides, as the Greek carefully tends his graven image,1854   al. “as one the graven image of stone, so thou,” &c. so thou entrusteth thy gold to doors and bars; providing a chest instead of a shrine, and laying it up in silver vessels. But thou dost not bow down to it as he to the image? Yet thou showest all kind of attention to it.

Again, he would rather give up his eyes or his life than his graven image. So also would those who love gold. “But,” saith one, “I worship not the gold.” Neither doth he, he saith, worship the image, but the devil that dwelleth in it; and in like manner thou, though thou worship not the gold, yet thou worshipest that devil who springeth on thy soul, from the sight of the gold and thy lust for it. For more grievous than an evil spirit is the lust of money-loving, and many obey it more than others do idols. For these last in many things disobey, but in this case they yield everything, and whatever it telleth them to do, they obey. What saith it? “Be at war with all,” it saith, “at enmity with all, know not nature, despise God, sacrifice to me thyself,” and in all they obey. To the graven images they sacrifice oxen and sheep, but avarice saith, Sacrifice to me thine own soul, and the man obeyeth. Seest thou what kind of altars it hath, what kind of sacrifices it receiveth? The covetous shall not inherit the Kingdom of God, but not even so do they fear. ( 1 Cor. vi. 10.) Yet this desire is1855   i.e. in itself. weaker than all the others, it is not inborn, nor natural, (for then it would have been placed in us at the beginning;) but there was no gold at the beginning, and no man desired gold. But if you will, I will tell you whence the mischief entered. By each man’s envying the one before him, men have increased the disease, and he who has gotten in advance provokes him who had no desire. For when men see splendid houses, and extensive lands, and troops of slaves, and silver vessels, and great heaps of apparel, they use every means to outdo them; so that the first set of men are causes of the second, and these of those who come after. Now if they would be sober-minded, they would not be teachers (of evil) to others; yet neither have these any excuse. For others there are also who despise riches. “And who,” saith one, “despises them?” For the terrible thing is, that, because wickedness is so general, this seems to have become impossible, and it is not even believed that one can act aright. Shall I then mention many both in cities and in the mountains? And what would it avail? Ye will not from their example become better. Besides, our discourse hath not now this purpose, that you should empty yourselves of your substance: I would that ye could do so; however, since the burden is too heavy for you, I constrain you not; only I advise you that you desire not what belongs to others, that you impart somewhat of your own. Many such we shall find, contented with what belongs to them, taking care of their own, and living on honest labor. Why do we not rival and imitate these? Let us think of those who have gone before us. Do not their possessions stand, preserving nothing but their name; such an one’s bath, such an one’s suburban seat and lodging? Do we not, when we behold them, straightway groan, when we consider what toil he endured, what rapine committed? and now he is nowhere seen, but others luxuriate in his possessions, men whom he never expected would do so, perhaps even his enemies, while he is suffering extremest punishment. These things await us also; for we shall certainly die, and shall certainly have to submit to the same end. How much wrath, tell me, how much expense, how many enmities these men incurred; and what the gain? Deathless punishment, and the having no consolation; and the being not only while alive, but when gone, accused by all? What? when we see the images of the many laid up in their houses, shall we not weep the more? Of a truth well said the Prophet, “Verily, every man living disquieteth himself in vain” ( Ps. xxxix. 11 , LXX.); for anxiety about such things is indeed disquiet, disquiet and superfluous trouble. But it is not so in the everlasting mansions, not so in those tabernacles. Here one hath labored, and another enjoys; but there each shall possess his own labors, and shall receive a manifold reward. Let us press forward to get that possession, there let us prepare for ourselves houses, that we may rest in Christ Jesus our Lord, with whom to the Father and the Holy Ghost be glory, for ever and ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΞΕʹ. Εἷς δέ τις ἐξ αὐτῶν Καϊάφας, ἀρχιερεὺς ὢν τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ἐκείνου, εἶπεν αὐτοῖς: Ὑμεῖς οὐκ οἴδατε οὐδὲν, οὐδὲ διαλογίζεσθε ὅτι συμφέρει ὑμῖν, ἵνα εἷς ἄνθρωπος ἀποθάνῃ ὑπὲρ τοῦ λαοῦ, καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. αʹ. Ἐνεπάγησαν ἔθνη ἐν διαφθορᾷ ᾗ ἐποίησαν: ἐν παγίδι ταύτῃ ᾗ ἔκρυψαν, συνελήφθη ὁ ποῦς αὐτῶν. Τοῦτο ἐπὶ Ἰουδαίων γέγονεν. Αὐτοὶ μὲν γὰρ ἔλεγον ἀνελεῖν τὸν Ἰησοῦν, ἵνα μὴ ἔλθωσιν οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι, καὶ ἄρωσιν αὐτῶν καὶ τὸ ἔθνος καὶ τὴν πόλιν. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἀνεῖλον, ταῦτα ἔπαθον: καὶ ἅπερ ὡς διαφευξόμενοι ἔπραξαν, ταῦτα ἐπειδὴ ἔπραξαν, οὐ διέφυγον. Ἀλλ' ὁ μὲν ἀναιρεθεὶς, ἔστιν ἐν οὐρανοῖς: οἱ δὲ ἀνελόντες, τὴν γέενναν κληρονομοῦσι: καίτοι οὐ ταῦτα ἐσκέψαντο: ἀλλὰ τί; Ἐβούλοντο, φησὶν, ἀνελεῖν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης. Εἶπον γὰρ, ὅτι Ἐλεύσονται οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι, καὶ ἀροῦσιν ἡμῶν τὸ ἔθνος. Εἷς δέ τις ἐξ αὐτῶν Καϊάφας, ἀρχιερεὺς ὢν τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ἐκείνου, εἶπεν, ἀναισχυντότερος ὢν τῶν λοιπῶν: Ὑμεῖς οὐκ οἴδατε οὐδέν. Ἅπερ ἐκεῖνοι ἀμφέβαλλον, καὶ ἐν τάξει βουλῆς προετίθεσαν, (ἔλεγον γάρ: Τί ποιοῦμεν;) τοῦτο οὗτος ἀναισχύντως καὶ γυμνῇ τῇ κεφαλῇ, καὶ μετὰ ἰταμότητος ἀνεβόησε. Τί γάρ φησιν; Ὑμεῖς οὐκ οἴδατε οὐδὲν, οὐδὲ διαλογίζεσθε ὅτι συμφέρει, ἵνα εἷς ἄνθρωπος ἀποθάνῃ, καὶ μὴ ὅλον τὸ ἔθνος ἀπόληται. Τοῦτο δὲ οὐκ εἶπεν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ, ἀλλὰ προεφήτευσεν ἀρχιερεὺς ὤν. Ὁρᾷς πόση τῆς ἀρχιερατικῆς ἐξουσίας ἡ δύναμις; Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ὅλως ἠξίωτο τῆς ἀρχιερωσύνης, καίτοι ἀνάξιος ὢν τοῦ πράγματος, προεφήτευσεν, οὐκ εἰδὼς ἅπερ ἔλεγε: καὶ τῷ στόματι μόνον ἐκέχρητο ἡ χάρις, τῆς δὲ μιαρᾶς καρδίας οὐχ ἥψατο. Πολλοὶ γοῦν καὶ ἄλλοι τὰ μέλλοντα εἶπον, ἀνάξιοι ὄντες, ὁ Ναβουχοδονόσορ, ὁ Φαραὼ, ὁ Βαλαάμ: καὶ πάντων ἡ αἰτία δήλη. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν: Ὑμεῖς κάθησθε, ἔτι ὀκνηρότερον τῷ πράγματι προσέχετε, καὶ οὐκ ἴστε ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς σωτηρίας ὑπὲρ τοῦ κοινοῦ καταφρονῆσαι. Ὅρα πόση τοῦ Πνεύματος ἡ δύναμις: ἀπὸ διανοίας πονηρᾶς ἴσχυσε ῥήματα προενεγκεῖν προφητείας γέμοντα θαυμαστῆς. Τέκνα δὲ Θεοῦ τὰ ἔθνη καλεῖ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, ἀπὸ τοῦ μέλλοντος ἔσεσθαι: ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ αὐτός φησι: Καὶ ἄλλα πρόβατα ἔχω, καὶ αὐτὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ μέλλοντος αὐτὰ καλῶν. Τί δέ ἐστιν, Ἀρχιερεὺς ὢν τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ἐκείνου; Μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων καὶ τοῦτο διέφθαρτο. Οὐκέτι γὰρ τὸν χρόνον ἅπαντα τῆς ζωῆς ἱεράτευον, ἀλλ' ἐνιαυτὸν, ἐξ οὗ γεγόνασιν ὠνηταὶ αἱ ἀρχαί. Πλὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ οὕτω παρῆν ἔτι τὸ Πνεῦμα. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ τὰς χεῖρας ἦραν κατὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, τὸ τηνικαῦτα αὐτοὺς ἐγκατέλιπε, καὶ μετῆλθεν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀποστόλους. Καὶ τοῦτο τὸ καταπέτασμα ἐδήλου σχιζόμενον, καὶ ἡ τοῦ Χριστοῦ φωνὴ ἡ λέγουσα: Ἰδοὺ ἀφίεται ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν ἔρημος. Καὶ Ἰώσηπος δὲ μετὰ βραχὺν γενόμενος χρόνον, ἔφη τινὰς ἀγγέλους τοὺς ἔτι παραμένοντας, εἰ μὴ βουληθεῖεν ἐκεῖνοι μεταστῆναι, καταλιπεῖν αὐτούς. Ἕως μὲν γὰρ ὁ ἀμπελὼν εἱστήκει, πάντα ἐγίνετο: ἐπειδὴ δὲ τὸν κληρονόμον ἀπέκτειναν, οὐκ ἔτι, ἀλλ' ἀπώλοντο: καὶ καθάπερ ἱμάτιον λαμπρὸν ἀπὸ παιδὸς ἀχρήστου, τῶν Ἰουδαίων, λαβὼν ὁ Θεὸς, τοῖς εὐγνώμοσι δούλοις ἔδωκε τοῖς ἐξ ἐθνῶν, ἐκείνους ἐρήμους ἀφεὶς καὶ γυμνούς. Οὐ μικρὸν δὲ τοῦτο ἦν, τὸ καὶ τὸν ἐχθρὸν προφητεῦσαι ταῦτα. Τοῦτο καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ἐπισπάσασθαι ἠδύνατο. Κατὰ μὲν γὰρ τὴν αὐτοῦ προαίρεσιν, ἐναντίως ἐξέβη. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀπέθανε, διὰ τοῦτο τῆς μελλούσης κολάσεως ἀπηλλάγησαν οἱ πιστοί. Τί ἐστιν, Ἵνα συναγάγῃ τοὺς ἐγγὺς, καὶ τοὺς μακράν; Ἓν σῶμα ἐποίησεν. Ὁ ἐν Ῥώμῃ καθήμενος τοὺς Ἰνδοὺς μέλος εἶναι νομίζει ἑαυτοῦ. Τί ταύτης τῆς συναγωγῆς ἴσον; Καὶ πάντων κεφαλὴ ὁ Χριστός: Ἀπ' ἐκείνης τῆς ἡμέρας ἐβουλεύσαντο οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, ἵνα ἀποκτείνωσιν αὐτόν. Καὶ μὴν πρότερον ἐζήτουν. Λέγει γάρ: Διὰ τοῦτο ἐζήτουν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι αὐτὸν ἀποκτεῖναι: καὶ, Τί με ζητεῖτε ἀποκτεῖναι; Ἀλλὰ τότε μὲν ἐζήτουν, νῦν δὲ καὶ ἐκύρωσαν τὴν γνώμην, καὶ ὡς ἔργῳ τῷ πράγματι κέχρηνται. Ἰησοῦς δὲ οὐκ ἔτι παῤῥησίᾳ περιεπάτει ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ. Πάλιν ἀνθρωπίνως ἑαυτὸν σώζει, καὶ συνεχῶς τοῦτο ποιεῖ. βʹ. Τὴν δὲ αἰτίαν εἶπον, δι' ἣν πολλάκις ἀπῆλθε καὶ ἀνεχώρησε. Καὶ νῦν ἐγγὺς τῆς ἐρήμου διατρίβει ἐν Ἐφρατὰ, καὶ ἐκεῖ ἔμενε μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ. Πῶς οἴει θορυβεῖσθαι τοὺς μαθητὰς, ὁρῶντας αὐτὸν ἀνθρωπίνως σωζόμενον; Οὐδεὶς λοιπὸν ἠκολούθησε. Τῆς γὰρ ἑορτῆς οὔσης ἐγγὺς, πάντες ἐπὶ τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα ἔτρεχον: αὐτοὶ δὲ, ὅτε πάντες ἔχαιρον καὶ ἐπανηγύριζον, τότε κρύπτονται, τότε ἐν κινδύνοις εἰσίν: ἀλλ' ὅμως παρέμενον. Καὶ γὰρ ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ, τοῦ Πάσχα ὄντος καὶ τῆς Σκηνοπηγίας, ἐκρύπτοντο: καὶ πάλιν μετὰ ταῦτα, τῆς ἑορτῆς οὔσης, τῷ φεύγειν καὶ τῷ κρύπτεσθαι μόνοι τῶν ἄλλων μετὰ τοῦ Διδασκάλου, τὴν εὔνοιαν ἐπιδεικνύμενοι. Ἐντεῦθέν φησιν ὁ Λουκᾶς αὐτὸν εἰρηκέναι, Ἐγὼ παρέμεινα ὑμῖν ἐν τοῖς πειρασμοῖς. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγε, δεικνὺς ὅτι παρὰ τῆς αὐτοῦ ῥοπῆς ἐνδυναμοῦνται. Πολλοὶ δὲ ἐκ τῆς χώρας ἀνέβησαν ἁγνίσαι ἑαυτούς. Καὶ ἔδωκαν παραγγελίας οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ Φαρισαῖοι, ἵνα πιάσωσιν αὐτόν. Θαυμαστὸς ἁγνισμὸς, μετὰ μιαιφόνου προαιρέσεως, μετὰ ἀνδροφόνου διανοίας, μετὰ ᾑμαγμένων χειρῶν. Καὶ ἔλεγον: Δοκεῖτε ὅτι οὐ μὴ ἔλθῃ ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ; Διὰ τοῦ Πάσχα ἐπεβούλευον, καὶ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς ἑορτῆς ἐποιοῦντο καιρὸν σφαγῆς: τουτέστιν, Ἐνταῦθα αὐτὸν ἐμπεσεῖν δεῖ, τοῦ καιροῦ καλοῦντος αὐτόν. Ὢ τῆς ἀσεβείας! ὅτε πλείονος ἔδει τῆς εὐλαβείας, καὶ τοὺς ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐσχάτοις εἰλημμένους ἀφιέναι, τότε τὸν οὐδὲν ἠδικηκότα θηρεῦσαι ἐπιχειροῦσι. Καίτοι καὶ ἤδη τοῦτο ποιήσαντες, οὐ μόνον οὐδὲν ὤνησαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ καταγέλαστοι γεγόνασι. Διὰ τοῦτο συνεχῶς ἐμπίπτων διαφεύγει, καὶ βουλευομένους αὐτὸν ἀνελεῖν κατέχει καὶ ἀπορεῖν ποιεῖ, τῇ τῆς δυνάμεως ἀποδείξει κατανύξαι βουλόμενος: καὶ ἵνα ὅταν λάβωσιν αὐτὸν, μάθωσιν ὅτι οὐ τῆς οἰκείας ἰσχύος ἦν, ἀλλὰ τῆς ἐκείνου συγχωρήσεως τὸ γινόμενον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ τότε ἴσχυσαν αὐτὸν συλλαβεῖν, καὶ ταῦτα πλησίον οὔσης τῆς Βηθανίας: καὶ ὅτε δὲ συνέλαβον, ἔῤῥιψεν αὐτοὺς ὑπτίους. Πρὸ ἓξ δὲ ἡμερῶν τοῦ Πάσχα ἦλθεν εἰς Βηθανίαν, ὅπου ἦν Λάζαρος: καὶ εἱστιᾶτο παρ' αὐτοῖς, καὶ Μάρθα διακονεῖ, καὶ Λάζαρος ἐσθίει. Τοῦτο δὲ τῆς εἰλικρινοῦς ἀναστάσεως σημεῖον ἦν, τὸ μετὰ ἡμέρας πολλὰς καὶ ζῇν καὶ ἐσθίειν. Ὅθεν δῆλον, ὅτι ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτῆς τὸ ἄριστον ἦν: ἅτε γὰρ φίλοι καὶ φιλούμενοι, δέχονται τὸν Ἰησοῦν. Τινὲς δέ φασιν ὅτι ἐν ἀλλοτρίᾳ οἰκίᾳ τοῦτο ἐγένετο. Ἡ δὲ Μαρία οὐ διηκόνει: μαθήτρια γὰρ ἦν. Πάλιν ἐνταῦθα αὕτη πνευματικώτερον. Οὐ διηκόνει γὰρ ὡς κεκλημένη, οὐδὲ κοινὴν ποιεῖται τὴν ὑπηρεσίαν: ἀλλ' εἰς αὐτὸν μόνον περιίστησι τὴν τιμήν: καὶ οὐχ ὡς ἀνθρώπῳ πρόσεισιν, ἀλλ' ὡς Θεῷ. Τὸ γὰρ μύρον διὰ τοῦτο ἐξέχεε, καὶ ταῖς θριξὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἀπέμαξεν, ἅτινα οὐκ ἦν ὑπόληψιν ἐχούσης περὶ αὐτοῦ τοιαύτην, οἵαν οἱ πολλοί. Ἀλλ' ἐπετίμησεν ὁ Ἰούδας, προσχήματι δῆθεν εὐλαβείας. Τί οὖν ὁ Χριστός; Ἔργον καλὸν ἐποίησεν εἰς τὸν ἐνταφιασμόν μου. Τί δήποτε δὲ οὐκ ἤλεγξε τὸν μαθητὴν ἐπὶ τῆς γυναικὸς, οὐδὲ εἶπε τοῦτο ὅπερ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς εἶπεν, ὅτι διὰ τὴν οἰκείαν κλοπὴν ἐπετίμα τῇ γυναικί; Τῇ πολλῇ μακροθυμίᾳ ἐντρέψαι αὐτὸν ἐβούλετο. Ὅτι γὰρ ᾔδει ὅτι προδότης ἦν, ἄνωθεν αὐτὸν ἤλεγξε πολλάκις, εἰπών: Οὐ πάντες πιστεύουσι: καὶ, Εἷς ἐξ ὑμῶν διάβολός ἐστιν. Ἐδήλωσε μὲν οὖν, ὅτι οἶδεν αὐτὸν προδότην, οὐκ ἤλεγξε δὲ φανερῶς, ἀλλὰ συνεχώρησεν, ἀνακαλέσασθαι αὐτὸν θέλων. Πῶς οὖν ἄλλος φησὶν, ὅτι πάντες οἱ μαθηταὶ τοῦτο ἐφθέγξαντο; Καὶ πάντες, κἀκεῖνος: ἀλλ' οἱ λοιποὶ οὐ τῇ αὐτῇ προαιρέσει. Εἰ δέ τις ἐξετάζοι, τί δήποτε κλέπτῃ ὄντι τὸ γλωσσόκομον ἐνεχείρισε τῶν πτωχῶν, καὶ οἰκονομεῖν ἐποίησε φιλάργυρον ὄντα; ἐκεῖνο ἂν εἴποιμεν, ὅτι τὸν μὲν ἀπόῤῥητον λόγον ὁ Θεὸς οἶδεν: εἰ δέ τι χρὴ ἡμᾶς στοχαζομένους εἰπεῖν, ἵνα πᾶσαν ἐκκόψῃ πρόφασιν. Οὐ γὰρ εἶχεν εἰπεῖν, ὅτι διὰ χρημάτων ἔρωτα τοῦτο ἐποίησε (καὶ γὰρ ἱκανὴν εἶχεν ἐκ τοῦ γλωσσοκόμου τῆς ἐπιθυμίας τὴν παραμυθίαν): ἀλλὰ διὰ πονηρίαν πολλὴν, ἣν ἐβούλετο κατέχειν ὁ Χριστὸς, πολλῇ συγκαταβάσει πρὸς αὐτὸν κεχρημένος. Διὸ οὐδὲ ἐνεκάλει αὐτῷ κλέπτοντι, καίτοι γε εἰδὼς, ἐμφράττων τὴν πονηρὰν ἐπιθυμίαν, καὶ πᾶσαν ἐξαίρων ἀπολογίαν. Ἄφετε αὐτὴν, φησίν: εἰς γὰρ τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ ἐνταφιασμοῦ μου τοῦτο ἐποίησε. Πάλιν τὸν προδότην ἀνέμνησεν, ἐνταφιασμὸν εἰπών. Ἀλλ' οὐ καθικνεῖται αὐτοῦ ὁ ἔλεγχος, οὐδὲ μαλάσσει τὸ ῥῆμα, καίτοι ἱκανὸν αὐτὸν εἰς οἶκτον ἐμβαλεῖν: ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγεν: Ἐπαχθής εἰμι καὶ φορτικός: ἀλλὰ ἀνάμεινον μικρὸν, καὶ ἀπελεύσομαι. Καὶ γὰρ τοῦτο κατεσκεύαζεν ἐν τῷ λέγειν: Ἐμὲ δὲ οὐ πάντοτε ἔχετε. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τούτων τὸν θηριώδη καὶ μαινόμενον ἐπέκαμψε, καίτοι γε καὶ τούτων πολλῷ πλείονα καὶ εἶπε καὶ ἐποίησε, καὶ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ ἔνιψε κατ' αὐτὴν τὴν νύκτα, καὶ τραπέζης αὐτῷ μετέδωκε καὶ ἁλῶν: ὃ καὶ τὰς λῃστρικὰς οἶδε κατέχειν ψυχὰς (καὶ ῥήματα ἕτερα ἐφθέγξατο, ἱκανὰ καὶ λίθον μαλάξαι): καὶ ταῦτα οὐ πρὸ πολλοῦ τοῦ χρόνου, ἀλλ' ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, ἵνα μηδὲ ὁ χρόνος εἰς λήθην ἐμβάλῃ. Ἀλλὰ πρὸς ἅπαντα ἔστη. γʹ. Δεινὸν γὰρ ἡ φιλαργυρία, δεινόν: καὶ ὀφθαλμοὺς καὶ ὦτα πηροῖ, καὶ θηρίου χαλεπωτέρους ποιεῖ, οὐ συνειδὸς, οὐ φιλίαν, οὐ κοινωνίαν, οὐ τὴν τῆς οἰκείας ψυχῆς σωτηρίαν ἐννοῆσαι συγχωροῦσα, ἀλλὰ καθάπαξ πάντων ἀποστήσασα, δούλους αὐτῆς ποιεῖ τοὺς ἁλόντας, καθάπερ τις τυραννὶς χαλεπή. Καὶ τὸ δεινὸν τῆς οὕτω πικρᾶς δουλείας, ὅτι καὶ χάριν αὐτοῖς ἔχειν ἀναπείθει: καὶ ὅσῳπερ ἂν αὐτῇ μᾶλλον δουλεύσωσι, τοσούτῳ τὰ τῆς ἡδονῆς αὔξεται. Καὶ ταύτῃ μάλιστα ἀνίατον τὸ νόσημα γίνεται, ταύτῃ δυσάλωτον τὸ θηρίον. Τοῦτο τὸν Γιεζῆ λεπρὸν ἀντὶ μαθητοῦ καὶ προφήτου πεποίηκε: τοῦτο τοὺς περὶ Ἀνανίαν ἀπώλεσε: τοῦτο τὸν Ἰούδαν προδότην εἰργάσατο: τοῦτο τοὺς Ἰουδαίων ἄρχοντας διέφθειρε, λαμβάνοντας δῶρα καὶ κοινωνοὺς κλεπτῶν γενομένους. Τοῦτο μυρίους πολέμους εἰσήγαγεν: αἱμάτων μὲν τὰς ὁδοὺς, θρήνων δὲ καὶ οἰμωγῶν τὰς πόλεις πληρῶσαν. Τοῦτο καὶ δεῖπνα ἐποίησε γενέσθαι ἀκάθαρτα καὶ τραπέζας ἐναγεῖς, καὶ ἐδέσματα παρανομίας ἐνέπλησε. Διὰ τοῦτο αὐτὸ εἰδωλολατρείαν ἐκάλεσεν ὁ Παῦλος. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ οὕτως ἐφόβησε. Διατί δὲ εἰδωλολατρείαν φησίν; Ἔχουσι πολλοὶ χρήματα, καὶ χρήσασθαι αὐτοῖς οὐ τολμῶσιν, ἀλλὰ ἀφιεροῦσιν, εἰς ἐγγόνους καὶ ἐξ ἐγγόνων παραπέμποντες ἀνέπαφα, καθάπερ τινῶν ἀναθημάτων οὐ τολμῶντες ἅψασθαι. Ἐὰν δέ ποτε καὶ ἀναγκασθῶσιν, ὥσπερ ἀθέμιτόν τι πράξαντες, οὕτω διάκεινται. Καὶ ἄλλως δὲ, ὥσπερ τὸ ξόανον περιέπει ὁ Ἕλλην: οὕτω σὺ τὸ χρυσίον θύραις πιστεύεις καὶ μοχλοῖς, ἀντὶ ναοῦ τὸ κιβώτιον κατασκευάζων καὶ ἐναποτιθέμενος σκεύεσιν ἀργυροῖς. Ἀλλ' οὐ προσκυνεῖς, καθάπερ ἐκεῖνος τὸ ξόανον; Ἀλλὰ πᾶσαν ἐπιδείκνυσαι περὶ αὐτὸ θεραπείαν. Πάλιν ἐκεῖνος ἡδέως ἂν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν πρόοιτο, ἢ τὸ ξόανον. Τοῦτο καὶ οἱ τὸ χρυσίον φιλοῦντες. Ἀλλ' οὐ προσκυνῶ τὸ χρυσίον, φησίν. Οὐδὲ ἐκεῖνος τὸ εἴδωλον, φησὶ, προσκυνεῖ, ἀλλὰ τὸν ἐνοικοῦντα δαίμονα. Οὕτω καὶ σὺ, κἂν μὴ τὸ χρυσίον προσκυνῇς, ἀλλὰ τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς ὄψεως τοῦ χρυσίου καὶ τῆς ἐπιθυμίας ἐπιπηδῶντά σου τῇ ψυχῇ δαίμονα. Δαίμονος γὰρ χαλεπώτερον τῆς φιλαργυρίας ἡ ἐπιθυμία, καὶ ταύτῃ πολλοὶ μᾶλλον πείθονται, ἢ ἕτεροι τοῖς εἰδώλοις. Ἐκεῖνοι μὲν γὰρ πολλὰ παρακούουσιν, ἐνταῦθα δὲ πάντα εἴκουσι, καὶ ὅπερ ἂν εἴπῃ ποιῆσαι, πείθονται. Τί λέγει; Πολέμιος ἔσο, φησὶν, ἐχθρὸς ἁπάντων: ἀγνόει τὴν φύσιν, καταφρόνει Θεοῦ, κατάθυσόν μοι σαυτόν: καὶ πάντα πείθονται. Καὶ τοῖς μὲν ξοάνοις βοῦς καὶ πρόβατα θύουσιν: ἡ δὲ φιλαργυρία λέγει: Θῦσόν μοι τὴν σαυτοῦ ψυχὴν, καὶ πείθει. Ὁρᾷς οἵους ἔχει βωμούς; οἷα δέχεται θύματα; Βασιλείαν Θεοῦ οὐ κληρονομήσουσιν οἱ πλεονέκται: καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτω δεδοίκασι. Καίτοι γε πάντων ἡ ἐπιθυμία αὕτη ἀσθενεστέρα. Οὐ γὰρ ἔμφυτος, οὐδὲ φυσική: ἦ γὰρ ἂν παρὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐνετέθη: νῦν δὲ χρυσίον οὐκ ἦν ἄνωθεν, οὐδὲ ἤρα τις χρυσίου. Ἀλλ' εἰ βούλεσθε, λέγω πόθεν εἰσῆλθε τὸ κακόν. Ἕκαστος τὸν πρὸ αὐτοῦ ζηλοῦντες ἐπέτεινον τὸ νόσημα, καὶ τὸν οὐ βουλόμενον ὁ προλαβὼν ἐρεθίζει. Ὅταν γὰρ ἴδωσιν οἰκίας λαμπρὰς, καὶ πλῆθος ἀγρῶν, καὶ ἀνδραπόδων ἀγέλας, καὶ ἀργυρᾶ σκεύη, καὶ πολὺν ἱματίων φορυτὸν, πάντα πράττουσιν, ὥστε ὑπερβαλέσθαι: ὥστε οἱ πρῶτοι τῶν δευτέρων αἴτιοι γίνονται, κἀκεῖνοι τῶν μετ' αὐτούς. Εἰ δὲ ἐβούλοντο σωφρονεῖν, οὐκ ἂν τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐγίνοντο διδάσκαλοι, μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ τούτοις ἔστιν ἀπολογία. Εἰσὶ γὰρ καὶ ἕτεροι χρημάτων καταφρονοῦντες. Καὶ τίς, φησὶ, καταφρονεῖ; Τὸ γὰρ δεινὸν, ὅτι ὑπὸ πολλῆς κακίας εἰς ἀδύνατον δοκεῖ περιεστάναι, καὶ οὐδὲ πιστεύεταί τις κατορθῶν. Εἴπω τοίνυν πολλοὺς τοὺς ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι, καὶ τοὺς ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσι. Καὶ τί τὸ κέρδος; οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀπὸ τούτων ἔσεσθε βελτίους. Ἄλλως δὲ, οὐ περὶ τούτων ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος νῦν, ὥστε κενῶσαι τὰ ὄντα: ἐβουλόμην δέ: πλὴν ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ μεῖζον ὑμῶν τὸ φορτίον, οὐκ ἀναγκάζω: ἀλλ' ὥστε μὴ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων ἐφίεσθαι παραινῶ, ὥστε ἐκ τῶν ὄντων μεταδιδόναι. Πολλοὺς δὲ τοιούτους εὑρήσομεν τοῖς οἰκείοις ἀρκουμένους, τῶν ἑαυτῶν ἐπιμελουμένους, καὶ ἀπὸ δικαίων ζῶντας πόνων. Διατί μὴ τούτους ζηλοῦμεν καὶ μιμούμεθα; Ἐννοήσωμεν τοὺς πρὸ ἡμῶν: οὐχὶ τὰ κτήματα αὐτῶν ἕστηκε, μόνον τὰ ὀνόματα αὐτῶν διασώζοντα; τοῦ δεῖνος τὸ βαλανεῖον, καὶ τοῦ δεῖνος τὸ προάστειον, καὶ τὸ κατάλυμα; οὐχὶ εὐθέως θεασάμενοι στένομεν, ἐννοοῦντες πόσον πόνον ὑπέμεινε, πόσας ἁρπαγὰς ἥρπασε, καὶ οὐδαμοῦ φαίνεται, ἀλλ' ἐντρυφῶσιν ἕτεροι τοῖς ἐκείνου, οὓς οὐδὲ προσεδόκησε, τάχα δὲ καὶ ἐχθροὶ, ἐκείνου τὴν ἐσχάτην διδόντος δίκην. Ταῦτα καὶ ἡμᾶς μένει. Πάντως γὰρ ἀποθανούμεθα, πάντως τὸ αὐτὸ τέλος ὑποστησόμεθα. Πόσην ὀργὴν, εἰπέ μοι, πόσην δαπάνην, πόσας ἀπεχθείας ὑπέστησαν! Καὶ τί τὸ κέρδος; Κόλασις ἀθάνατος, καὶ τὸ μηδεμιᾶς τυχεῖν παραμυθίας: καὶ τὸ μὴ ζῶντας μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπελθόντας κατηγορεῖσθαι παρὰ πάντων. Τί δέ; τῶν πολλῶν τὰς εἰκόνας ὅταν ἴδωμεν ἀνακειμένας ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις, οὐχὶ μᾶλλον θρηνοῦμεν; Ἀληθῶς καλῶς εἶπεν ὁ Προφήτης: Πλὴν μάτην ταράσσεται πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ζῶν. Ταραχὴ γὰρ ὄντως ἡ περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα σπουδή: ταραχὴ καὶ θόρυβος περιττός. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐν ταῖς μοναῖς ταῖς αἰωνίοις τοῦτό ἐστιν, οὐδὲ ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς ἐκείναις. Ἐνταῦθα μὲν γὰρ ἕτερος ἐμόχθησε, καὶ ἕτερος ἀπολαύει: ἐκεῖ δὲ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ μόχθων ἕκαστος ἔσται κύριος, καὶ πολυπλασίονα λήψεται τὴν ἀμοιβήν. Πρὸς ἐκείνην τοίνυν ἐπειγώμεθα τὴν κτῆσιν: ἐκεῖ κατασκευάζωμεν ἑαυτοῖς οἰκίας, ἵνα ἀναπαυσώμεθα ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἡ δόξα, ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ἀμήν.