Homily LXVI.

John xii. 8

“Much people of the Jews therefore knew that He was there, and they came, not for Jesus’ sake only, but that they might see Lazarus also, whom He had raised from the dead.”

[1.] As wealth is wont to hurl into destruction1856   ἐ κτραχηλίζειν those who are not heedful, so also is power; the first leads into covetousness, the second into pride. See, for instance, how the subject multitude of the Jews is sound, and their rulers corrupt; for that the first of these believed Christ, the Evangelists continually assert, saying, that “many of the multitude believed on Him” ( c. vii. 31, 48 ); but they who were of the rulers, believed not. And they themselves say, not the multitude,1857   or, “is it not the multitude.” “Hath any of the rulers believed on Him?” But what saith one? “The multitude who know not God1858   “the Law,” N.T. are accursed” ( c. vii. 49 ); the believers they call accursed, and themselves the slayers, wise. In this place also, having beheld the miracle, the many believed; but the rulers were not contented with their own evil deeds,1859   οἰκείοις ακοῖς, i.e. in matters affecting themselves. they also attempted to kill Lazarus.1860    Ver. 10, 11. “But the Chief Priests consulted that they might put Lazarus also to death, because that by reason of him many of the Jews went away, and believed on Jesus.” Suppose they did attempt to slay Christ because He broke the Sabbath, because He made Himself equal to the Father, and because of the Romans whom ye allege, yet what charge had they against Lazarus, that they sought to kill him? Is the having received a benefit a crime? Seest thou how murderous is their will? Yet He had worked many miracles; but none exasperated them so much as this one, not the paralytic, not the blind. For this was more wonderful in its nature, and was wrought after many others, and it was a strange thing to see one, who had been dead four days, walking and speaking. An honorable action, in truth, for the feast, to mix up the solemn assembly with murders. Besides, in the one case1861   i.e. that of the blind man. they thought to charge Him concerning the Sabbath, and so to draw away the multitudes; but here, since they had no fault to find with Him, they make the attempt on the man who had been healed. For here they could not even say that He was opposed to the Father, since the prayer stopped their mouths. Since then the charge which they continually brought against Him was removed, and the miracle was evident, they hasten to murder. So that they would have done the same in the case of the blind man, had it not been in their power to find fault respecting the Sabbath. Besides, that man was of no note, and they cast him out of the temple; but Lazarus was a person of distinction, as is clear, since many came to comfort his sisters; and the miracle was done in the sight of all, and most marvelously. On which account all ran to see. This then stung them, that while the feast was going on, all should leave it and go to Bethany. They set their hand therefore to kill him, and thought they were not1862   Ben. “did not so much as think they were.” daring anything, so murderous were they. On this account the1863   i.e. the second Table. Law at its commencement opens with this, “Thou shalt not kill” ( Ex. xx. 13 ); and the Prophet brings this charge against them, “Their hands are full of blood.” ( Isa. i. 15.)

But how, after not walking openly in Jewry, and retiring into the wilderness, doth He again enter openly?1864    Ver. 12–15. “On the next day, much people that had come to the feast, when they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem, took branches of palm trees, and went forth to meet Him, and cried Hosanna, Blessed is the King of Israel that cometh in the name of the Lord. And Jesus, when He had found a young ass, sat thereon as it is written, Fear not, daughter of Sion; behold, thy King cometh, sitting on an ass’s colt.” Having quenched their anger by retiring, He cometh to them when they were stilled. Moreover, the multitude which went before and which followed after was sufficient to cast them into an agony; for no sign so much attracted the people as that of Lazarus. And another Evangelist saith, that they strewed their garments under His feet1865   “in the way,” N.T. ( Matt. xxi. 8 ), and that “the whole city was moved” ( Matt. xxi. 10 ); with so great honor did He enter. And this He did, figuring one prophecy and fulfilling another; and the same act was the beginning of the one and the end of the other. For the, “Rejoice, for thy King cometh unto thee meek” ( Zech. ix. 9 ), belonged to Him as fulfilling a prophecy, but the sitting upon an ass was the act of one prefiguring a future event, that He was about to have the impure race of the Gentiles subject to Him.

But how say the others, that He sent disciples, and said, “Loose the ass and the colt” ( Matt. xxi. 2 ), while John saith nothing of the kind, but that “having found a young ass, He sat upon it”? Because it is likely that both circumstances took place, and that He after the ass was loosed, while the disciples were bringing it, found (the colt), and sat upon it. And they took the small branches of palm trees and olives, and strewed their garments in the way, showing that they now had a higher opinion concerning Him than of a Prophet, and said,

Ver. 13. “Hosannah, blessed is He that cometh in the name of the Lord.”

Seest thou that this most choked them, the persuasion which all men had that He was not an enemy of God? And this most divided the people, His saying that He came from the Father. But what meaneth,

Ver. 15. “Rejoice greatly,1866   “Fear not,” N.T. daughter of Zion”?

Because all their kings had for the most part been an unjust and covetous kind of men, and had given them over to their enemies, and had perverted the people, and made them subject to their foes; “Be of good courage,” It saith, “this is not such an one, but meek and gentle”; as is shown by the ass, for He entered not with an army in His train, but having an ass alone.

Ver. 16. “But this,” saith the Evangelist, “the disciples knew not, that it was written of Him.”1867    Ver. 16. “These things understood not the disciples at the first: but when Jesus was glorified, then remembered they that these things were written of Him, and that they had done these things unto Him.” N.T.

[2.] Seest thou that they were ignorant on most points, because He did not reveal to them? For when He said, “Destroy this Temple, and in three days I will raise it up” ( c. ii. 19 ), neither then did the disciples understand.1868   al. “neither did they know this.” And another Evangelist saith, that “the saying was hid from them” ( Luke xviii. 34 ), and they knew not that He should rise from the dead. Now this was with reason concealed from them, (wherefore another Evangelist saith, that as they heard it from time to time, they grieved and were dejected,1869   ἐ ν κατηφείᾳ and this because they understood not the saying concerning the Resurrection,) it was with reason concealed, as being too high for them: but why was not the matter of the ass revealed to them? Because this was a great thing also. But observe the wisdom of the Evangelist, how he is not ashamed to parade their former ignorance. That it was written they knew, that it was written of Him they knew not. For it would have offended them if He being a King were about to suffer such things, and be so betrayed. Besides, they could not at once have taken in the knowledge of the Kingdom of which He spake; for another Evangelist saith, that they thought the words were spoken of a kingdom of this world. ( Matt. xx. 21.)

Ver. 17. “But the multitude bare witness that He had raised Lazarus.”1870    Ver. 17, 18. “The people therefore that was with Him when He called Lazarus out of his grave, and raised him from the dead, bare record. For this cause the people also met Him, for that they heard that He had done this miracle.” N.T.

For so many would not have been suddenly changed, unless they had believed in the miracle.

Ver. 19. “The Pharisees therefore said among themselves, Perceive ye how ye prevail nothing? behold, the world is gone after Him.”

Now this seems to me to be said by those who felt rightly, but had not courage to speak boldly, and who then would restrain the others by pointing to the result, as though they were attempting impossibilities. Here again they call the multitude “the world.” For Scripture is wont to call by the name “world” both the creation, and those who live in wickedness; the one, when It saith, “Who bringeth out His world1871   E.V. “host.” by number” ( Isa. xl. 26 ); the other when It saith, “The world hateth not1872   “cannot hate,” N.T. you, but Me it hateth.” ( c. vii. 7.) And these things it is necessary to know exactly, that we may not through the signification of words afford a handle to the heretics.

Ver. 20. “And there were certain of the Greeks that came up to worship at the Feast.”

Being now near to become proselytes, they were at1873   perhaps, “went to,” ᾔ εσαν, conj. for ἦ σαν the Feast. When therefore the report concerning Him was imparted to them, they say,

Ver. 21. “We would see Jesus.”1874    Ver. 21, 22. “The same came therefore to Philip, which was of Bethsaida in Galilee, and desired him, saying, Sir, we would see Jesus. Philip cometh and telleth Andrew, and again Andrew and Philip tell Jesus.” N.T.

Philip gives place to Andrew as being before him, and communicates the matter to him. But neither doth he at once act with authority; for he had heard that saying, “Go not into the way of the Gentiles” ( Matt. x. 5 ): therefore having communicated with the disciple, he refers the matter to his Master. For they both spoke to Him. But what saith He?

Ver. 23, 24. “The hour is come, that the Son of Man should be glorified. Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone.”

What is, “The hour is come”? He had said, “Go not into the way of the Gentiles,” (thus cutting away all excuse of ignorance from the Jews,) and had restrained the disciples. When therefore the Jews continued disobedient, and the others desired to come to Him, “Now,” saith He, “it is time to proceed to My Passion, since all things are fulfilled. For if we were to continue to wait for those who are disobedient and not admit these who even desire to come, this would be unbefitting our tender care.” Since then He was about to allow the disciples to go to the Gentiles after the Crucifixion, and beheld them springing on before, He said, “It is time to proceed to the Cross.” For He would not allow them to go sooner, that it might be for a testimony unto them.1875   i.e. to the Jews. Until that by their deeds the Jews rejected Him, until they crucified Him, He said not, “Go and make disciples of all nations” ( Matt. xxviii. 19 ), but, “Go not into the way of the Gentiles” ( Matt. x. 5 ), and, “I am not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel” ( Matt xv. 24 ), and, “It is not meet to take the children’s bread and give it unto dogs.” ( Matt. xv. 26.) But when they hated Him, and so hated as to kill Him, it was superfluous to persevere while they repulsed Him. For they refused Him, saying, “We have no king but Cæsar.” ( c. xix. 15.) So that at length He left them, when they had left Him. Therefore He saith, “How often would I have gathered your children together, and ye would not?” ( Matt. xxiii. 37.)

What is, “Except a grain of corn fall into the ground and die”? He speaketh of the Cross, for that they might not be confounded at seeing, that just when Greeks also came to Him, then He was slain, He saith to them, “This very thing specially causeth them to come, and shall increase the preaching of Me.” Then since He could not so well persuade them by words, He goeth about to prove this from actual experience, telling them that this is the case with corn; it beareth the more fruit when it hath died. “Now,” saith He, “if this be the case with seeds, much more with Me.” But the disciples understood not what was spoken. Wherefore the Evangelist continually putteth this,1876   i.e. that they did not understand. as making excuse for their flight afterwards. This same argument Paul also hath raised when speaking of the Resurrection.

[3.] What sort of excuse then will they have who disbelieve the Resurrection, when the action is practiced each day, in seeds, in plants, and in the case of our own generation? for first it is necessary that the seed die, and that then the generation take place. But, in short, when God doeth anything, reasonings are of no use; for how did He make us out of those things that were not? This I say to Christians, who assert that they believe the Scriptures; but I shall also say something else drawn from human reasonings. Of men some live in vice, others in virtue; and of those who live in vice, many have attained to extreme old age in prosperity, many of the virtuous after enduring the contrary. When then shall each receive his deserts? At what season? “Yea,” saith some one, “but there is no resurrection of the body.” They hear not Paul, saying, “This corruptible must put on incorruption.” ( 1 Cor. xv. 53 .) He speaks not of the soul, for the soul is not corrupted; moreover, “resurrection” is said of that which fell, and that which fell was the body. But why wilt thou have it that there is no resurrection of the body? Is it not possible with God? But this it were utter folly to say. Is it unseemly? Why is it unseemly, that the corruptible which shared the toil and death, should share also the crowns? For were it unseemly,1877   i.e. the body. it would not have been created at the beginning, Christ would not have taken the flesh again. But to show that He took it again and raised it up, hear what He saith: “Reach1878   βάλε [φέρε, G. T.]. hither thy fingers” ( c. xx. 27 ); and, “Behold, a spirit hath not bones and sinews.”1879   “flesh and bones,” N.T. ( Luke xxiv. 39.) But why did He raise Lazarus again, if it would have been better to rise without a body? Why doth He this, classing it as a miracle and a benefit? Why did He give nourishment at all? Be not therefore deceived by the heretics, beloved: for there is a Resurrection and there is a Judgment, but they deny these things, who desire not to give account of their actions. For this Resurrection must be such as was that of Christ, for He was the first fruits, the first born of the dead. But if the Resurrection is this,1880   i.e. which heretics say it is. a purifying of the soul, a deliverance from sin, and if Christ sinned not, how did He rise again? And how have we been delivered from the curse, if so be that He also sinned? And now saith He, “The prince of this world cometh, and had nothing in Me”? ( c. xiv. 30.) They are the words of One declaring His sinlessness. According to them therefore He either did not rise again; or that He might rise, 1881   al. “if He rose.” He sinned before His Resurrection. But He both rose again, and did no sin. Therefore He rose in the Body, and these wicked doctrines are nothing else than the offspring of vainglory. Let us then fly this malady. For, It is saith, “evil communications corrupt good manners.” ( 1 Cor. xv. 33.) These are not the doctrines of the Apostles; Marcion and Valentius have newly invented them. Let us then flee them, beloved, for a pure life profits nothing when doctrines are corrupt; as on the other hand neither do sound doctrines, if the life be corrupt. The heathen were the parents of these notions, and those heretics reared them, having received them from Gentile philosophers, asserting that matter is uncreated, and many such like things. As then they asserted that there could be no Artificer1882   δημιουργὸς unless there were some uncreated subject matter, so also they disallowed the Resurrection. But let us not heed them, as knowing that the power of God is all sufficient.1883   al. “almighty.” Let us not heed them. To you I say this; for we will not decline the battle with them. But the man who is unarmed and naked, though he fall among the weak, though he be the stronger, will easily be vanquished. Had you given heed to the Scriptures, had you sharpened yourselves each day, I would not have advised you to flee the combat with them, but would have counseled you to grapple with them; for strong is truth. But since you know not how to use the Scriptures, I fear the struggle, lest they take you unarmed and cast you down. For there is nothing, there is nothing weaker than those who are bereft of the aid of the Spirit. If these heretics employ the wisdom of the Gentiles, we must not admire, but laugh at them, because they employ foolish teachers. For those men were not able to find out anything sound, either concerning God or the creation, and things which the widow among us is acquainted with, Pythagoras did not yet know, but said that the soul becomes a bush, or a fish, or a dog. To these, tell me, ought you to give heed? And how could it be reasonable to do so? They are great men in their district,1884   κώμῃ grow beautiful curls, and are enfolded in cloaks; thus far goes their philosophy; but if you look within there is dust and ashes and nothing sound, but “their throat is an open sepulcher” ( Ps. v. 9 ), having all things full of impurity and corruption,1885   ἰ χῶρος and all their doctrines (full) of worms. For instance, the first of them said that water was God, his successor fire, another one air, and1886   al. “and all.” they descended to things corporeal; ought we then, tell me, to admire these, who never even had the thought of the incorporeal God? and if they did ever gain it afterwards, it was after conversing in Egypt with our people. But, that we bring not upon you much confusion, let us here close our discourse. For should we begin to set before you their doctrine, and what they have said about God, what about matter, what about the soul, what about the body, much ridicule will follow. And they will not even require to be accused by us, for they have attacked each other; and he who wrote against us the book concerning matter, made away with himself. Therefore that we may not vainly delay you, nor wind together1887   or, “unwind.” a labyrinth of words, leaving these things we will bid you keep fast hold of the listening to the Holy Scriptures, and not fight with1888   or, “about.” words to no purpose; as also Paul exhorteth Timothy ( 2 Tim. ii. 14 ), filled though he was with much wisdom, and possessing the power of miracles. Let us now obey him, and leaving trifling; let us hold fast to real works, I mean to brotherly-kindness and hospitality; and let us make much account of alms-giving, that we may obtain the promised good things, through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory for endless ages.1889   al. “To whom with the Father and the Holy Ghost be glory now and for the endless ages of eternity.” Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΞϚʹ. Ἔγνω οὖν ὄχλος πολὺς ἐκ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ὅτι ἐκεῖ ἐστι: καὶ ἦλθον, οὐ διὰ τὸν Ἰησοῦν μό νον, ἀλλ' ἵνα καὶ τὸν Λάζαρον ἴδωσιν, ὃν ἤγει ρεν ἐκ νεκρῶν. αʹ. Ὥσπερ ὁ πλοῦτος τοὺς οὐ προσέχοντας ἐκτραχηλίζειν εἴωθεν, οὕτω καὶ ἡ ἀρχή. Ἐκεῖνος μὲν γὰρ εἰς πλεονεξίαν, αὕτη δὲ εἰς ἀπόνοιαν ἄγει. Ὅρα γοῦν τὸ ἀρχόμενον πλῆθος τῶν Ἰουδαίων ὑγιαῖνον, τοὺς δὲ ἄρχοντας διεφθαρμένους. Ὅτι γὰρ οὗτοι αὐτῷ ἐπίστευον, λέγουσι μὲν συνεχῶς οἱ εὐαγγελισταὶ, ὅτι Πολλοὶ ἐκ τοῦ ὄχλου ἐπίστευσαν αὐτῷ. Ἐκ δὲ τῶν ἀρχόντων ἠπίστουν. Καὶ αὐτοὶ λέγουσιν, οὐχὶ ὁ ὄχλος, Μή τις τῶν ἀρχόντων ἐπίστευσεν εἰς αὐτόν; Ἀλλὰ τί φησι; Τὸ πλῆθος, οἱ μὴ εἰδότες τὸν Θεὸν, ἐπικατάρατοί εἰσι. Τοὺς πιστεύοντας ἐπικαταράτους ἔλεγον, ἑαυτοὺς δὲ ἀναιροῦντας, συνετούς. Καὶ ἐνταῦθα δὲ τὸ θαῦμα θεασάμενοι, ἐπίστευον οἱ πολλοί: οἱ δὲ ἄρχοντες οὐκ ἠρκοῦντο μόνον τοῖς οἰκείοις κακοῖς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν Λάζαρον ἀνελεῖν ἐπεχείρουν. Ἔστω, τὸν Χριστὸν, ὅτι τὸ σάββατον ἔλυεν, ὅτι ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ἐποίει τῷ Πατρὶ, καὶ διὰ τοὺς Ῥωμαίους οὕς φατε: τῷ Λαζάρῳ τί ἔχοντες ἐγκαλεῖν, ἐπεχείρουν αὐτὸν ἀναιρεῖν; Μὴ ἆρα τὸ καλῶς παθεῖν, ἔγκλημα; Ὁρᾷς πῶς αὐτῶν φονικὴ ἡ προαίρεσις; Καίτοι πολλὰ σημεῖα εἰργάσατο: ἀλλ' οὐδὲν αὐτοὺς οὕτω ἐξεθηρίωσεν, οὐχ ὁ παραλελυμένος, οὐχ ὁ τυφλός. Τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ τῇ φύσει θαυμαστότερον ἦν, καὶ μετὰ πολλὰ ἐγεγόνει, καὶ ἦν παράδοξον νεκρὸν τετραήμερον ἰδεῖν περιπατοῦντα καὶ φθεγγόμενον. Καλά γε (οὐ γάρ;) τῆς ἑορτῆς τὰ κατορθώματα, φόνοις ἀναμιγνύναι τὴν πανήγυριν. Ἄλλως δὲ, ἐκεῖ μὲν ἐδόκουν ἐγκαλεῖν τὸ σάββατον, καὶ ταύτῃ ἀπάγειν τοὺς ὄχλους: ἐνταῦθα δὲ, ἐπειδὴ μηδὲν εἶχον μέμψασθαι, κατὰ τοῦ θεραπευομένου ποιοῦνται τὴν ἐπιχείρησιν. Ἐνταῦθα γὰρ οὐδ' ὅτι ἐναντιοῦται τῷ Πατρὶ εἶχον εἰπεῖν. Ἡ γὰρ εὐχὴ αὐτοὺς ἐπεστόμιζεν. Ἐπεὶ οὖν καὶ ὃ ἀεὶ ἐνεκάλουν ἀνῄρητο, καὶ τὸ σημεῖον λαμπρὸν ἦν, ἐπὶ τὸν φόνον ὁρμῶσιν. Ὥστε καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ τυφλοῦ τοῦτο ἂν ἐποίησαν, εἰ μὴ εἶχον ἐγκαλεῖν τὸ σάββατον. Ἄλλως δὲ, ἐκεῖνος μὲν ἄσημος ἦν, καὶ ἐξέβαλον αὐτὸν ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ οὗτος δὲ ἐπίσημος: καὶ δῆλον ἐκ τοῦ πολλοὺς ἐλθεῖν εἰς παραμυθίαν τῶν ἀδελφῶν: καὶ πάντων ὁρώντων τὸ θαῦμα ἐγένετο, καὶ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς παραδοξοποιίας. Διὰ τοῦτο, πάντες ἔτρεχον ὀψόμενοι. Τοῦτο οὖν αὐτοὺς ἔδακνε, τὸ τῆς ἑορτῆς ἑστώσης πάντας ἀφέντας ἐπὶ τὴν Βηθανίαν ἔρχεσθαι. Ἐπεχείρησαν οὖν αὐτὸν ἀνελεῖν, καὶ οὐδὲ ἐδόκουν τολμᾷν: οὕτως ἦσαν φονικοί. Καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἀρχόμενος ὁ νόμος, ἀπὸ τούτου ἄρχεται: Οὐ φονεύσεις: καὶ ὁ προφήτης τοῦτο ἐγκαλεῖ: Αἱ χεῖρες αὐτῶν αἵματος πλήρεις. Πῶς οὖν παῤῥησίᾳ μὴ περιπατῶν ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ, καὶ εἰς τὴν ἔρημον ἀναχωρῶν, πάλιν εἰσέρχεται μετὰ παῤῥησίας; Σβέσας τὸν θυμὸν τῇ ἀναχωρήσει, πεπαυμένοις αὐτοῖς ἐφίσταται. Ἄλλως δὲ, τὸ πλῆθος τὸ προάγον καὶ τὸ ἑπόμενον ἱκανὸν ἦν εἰς ἀγωνίαν αὐτοὺς ἐμβαλεῖν. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτως ἐπεσπάσατο αὐτοὺς σημεῖον, ὡς τὸ τοῦ Λαζάρου. Καὶ ἄλλος δὲ εὐαγγελιστής φησιν, ὅτι Ὑπέστρωσαν τοῖς ποσὶν αὐτοῦ τὰ ἱμάτια: καὶ, ὅτι Πᾶσα ἡ πόλις ἐσείσθη: μετὰ τοσαύτης εἰσῄει τιμῆς. Ἐποίει δὲ τοῦτο, προφητείαν τὴν μὲν τυπῶν, τὴν δὲ πληρῶν: καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ τῆς μὲν ἐγένετο ἀρχὴ, τῆς δὲ τέλος. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ, Χαῖρε ὅτι ὁ βασιλεύς σου ἔρχεταί σοι πρᾶος, προφητείαν πληροῦντος ἦν: τὸ δὲ [ἐπὶ] ὄνον καθίσαι, μέλλον πρᾶγμα προδιατυποῦντος, ὅτι τὸ ἀκάθαρτον τῶν ἐθνῶν γένος ἔμελλεν ὑποχείριον ἔχειν. Πῶς δὲ οἱ ἄλλοι φασὶν, ὅτι μαθητὰς ἔπεμψε καὶ εἶπεν: Λύσατε τὴν ὄνον καὶ τὸν πῶλον: οὗτος δὲ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτόν φησιν, ἀλλ' ὅτι ὀνάριον εὑρὼν ἐπεκάθισεν; Ὅτι ἀμφότερα γενέσθαι εἰκὸς ἦν, καὶ μετὰ τὸ λυθῆναι τὴν ὄνον ἀγόντων τῶν μαθητῶν, εὑρόντα αὐτὸν ἐπικαθίσαι. Τὰ δὲ βαΐα τῶν φοινίκων καὶ τῶν ἐλαιῶν ἔλαβον, καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια ὑπεστόρεσαν, δεικνύντες ὅτι λοιπὸν μείζονα ἢ περὶ προφήτου δόξαν εἶχον περὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔλεγον: Ὡσαννὰ, εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι τοῦτο μάλιστα αὐτοὺς ἀπέπνιγε, τὸ πεισθῆναι πάντας ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἀντίθεος; Καὶ τοῦτο μάλιστα διῄρει τὸν δῆμον, τὸ λέγειν αὐτὸν παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἥκειν; Τί δέ ἐστι, Χαῖρε σφόδρα, θύγατερ Σιών; Ἐπειδὴ πάντες αὐτῶν οἱ βασιλεῖς ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ ἄδικοί τινες ἦσαν καὶ πλεονέκται, καὶ παρέδωκαν αὐτοὺς τοῖς ἐχθροῖς, καὶ τὸ πλῆθος διέστρεφον, καὶ ὑπευθύνους ἐποίουν τοῖς πολεμίοις: Θάῤῥει, φησίν: οὗτος οὐ τοιοῦτος, ἀλλὰ πρᾶος καὶ ἐπιεικής: καὶ δείκνυται ἀπὸ τῆς ὄνου. Οὐ γὰρ στρατόπεδον ἐπισυρόμενος εἰσῆλθεν, ἀλλ' ὄνον ἔχων μόνον. Τοῦτο δὲ οὐκ ᾔδεσαν, φησὶν, οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἦν ἐπ' αὐτῷ γεγραμμένον. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι τὰ πλείονα ἠγνόουν, ἐπειδὴ αὐτὸς οὐκ ἀπεκάλυπτεν αὐτοῖς; Καὶ γὰρ ὅτε εἶπεν: Λύσατε τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον, καὶ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερῶ αὐτὸν, οὐδὲ τότε ᾔδεσαν οἱ μαθηταί. Καὶ ἄλλος δὲ εὐαγγελιστὴς λέγει, ὅτι ἦν κεκρυμμένος ὁ λόγος ἀπ' αὐτῶν, καὶ οὐκ ᾔδεσαν ὅτι δεῖ αὐτὸν ἀναστῆναι ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν. Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο μὲν εἰκότως ἐκρύπτετο. Διὸ καὶ ἄλλος λέγει εὐαγγελιστὴς, ὅτι καθ' ἕκαστον ἀκούοντες ἤλγουν, καὶ ἦσαν ἐν κατηφείᾳ: τοῦτο δὲ, ἐκ τοῦ μὴ εἰδέναι τὸν περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως λόγον. Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο μὲν εἰκότως ἐκρύπτετο, ἅτε μεῖζον ἢ κατ' αὐτούς: τὸ μέντοι τῆς ὄνου διατί αὐτοῖς οὐκ ἀπεκαλύφθη; Ὅτι καὶ τοῦτο μέγα ἦν. βʹ. Ὅρα δὲ φιλοσοφίαν εὐαγγελιστοῦ, πῶς οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται τὴν προτέραν αὐτῶν ἄγνοιαν ἐκπομπεύειν. Ὅτι μὲν οὖν γέγραπται, ᾔδεσαν: ὅτι δὲ ἐπ' αὐτῷ γέγραπται, οὐκ ᾔδεσαν. Καὶ γὰρ ἂν ἐσκανδάλισεν αὐτοὺς, εἴ γε βασιλεὺς ὢν τοιαῦτα μέλλοι πάσχειν, καὶ οὕτως ἐκδίδοσθαι. Καὶ ἄλλως δὲ, οὐκ ἂν εὐθέως ἐχώρησαν τὴν γνῶσιν τῆς βασιλείας, ἣν ἔλεγε. Καὶ γὰρ ἄλλος εὐαγγελιστής φησιν, ὅτι περὶ βασιλείας ἐδόκουν ταύτης λέγεσθαι. Ἐμαρτύρει δὲ ὁ ὄχλος, ὅτι ἀνέστησε τὸν Λάζαρον. Οὐ γὰρ ἂν τοσοῦτοι μετέθεντο ἐξαίφνης, φησὶν, εἰ μὴ ἐπίστευσαν τῷ σημείῳ. Οἱ δὲ Φαρισαῖοι εἶπον πρὸς αὐτούς: Θεωρεῖτε, ὅτι οὐκ ὠφελεῖτε οὐδέν; Ἴδε ὁ κόσμος ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ ὑπάγει. Δοκεῖ δέ μοι τοῦτο εἶναι τῶν ὑγιαινόντων μὲν, οὐ τολμώντων δὲ παῤῥησιάσασθαι, εἶτα ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκβάσεως κατεχόντων αὐτοὺς ὡς ἀνήνυτα ἐπιχειροῦντας. Κόσμον δὲ ἐνταῦθα πάλιν τὸν ὄχλον φασίν. Οἶδε γὰρ ἡ Γραφὴ κόσμον καὶ τὴν κτίσιν λέγειν, καὶ τοὺς ἐν πονηρίᾳ ζῶντας. Καὶ τὸ μέν φησιν, ὅταν λέγῃ, Ὁ ἐκφέρων κατὰ ἀριθμὸν τὸν κόσμον αὐτοῦ: τὸ δὲ, ὅταν λέγῃ, Ὁ κόσμος ὑμᾶς οὐ μισεῖ, ἐμὲ δὲ μισεῖ. Καὶ χρὴ ταῦτα ἀκριβῶς εἰδέναι, ἵνα μὴ παρὰ τὴν σημασίαν τῶν ὀνομάτων λαβὴν παρέχωμεν τοῖς αἱρετικοῖς. Ἦσαν δέ τινες τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἀναβάντες προσκυνῆσαι εἰς τὴν ἑορτήν. Ἐγγὺς ὄντες λοιπὸν τοῦ προσήλυτοι γίνεσθαι, ἦσαν εἰς τὴν ἑορτήν. Τῆς φήμης οὖν διαδοθείσης, λέγουσι: Θέλομεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἰδεῖν. Ὁ δὲ Φίλιππος παραχωρεῖ τῷ Ἀνδρέᾳ, ἅτε πρὸ αὐτοῦ ὄντι, καὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα αὐτῷ κοινοῦται. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ οὗτος ἁπλῶς αὐθεντεῖ: ἤκουσε γὰρ, ὅτι Εἰς ὁδὸν ἐθνῶν μὴ ἀπέλθητε. Διὰ τοῦτο μετὰ τοῦ μαθητοῦ κοινωσάμενος, τῷ διδασκάλῳ ἀναφέρει: ἀμφότεροι γὰρ εἶπον αὐτῷ. Ὁ δὲ τί φησιν; Ἦλθεν ἡ ὥρα, ἵνα δοξασθῇ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου. Ἐὰν μὴ ὁ κόκκος τοῦ σίτου πεσὼν εἰς τὴν γῆν ἀποθάνῃ, αὐτὸς μόνος μένει. Τί ἐστιν, Ἦλθεν ἡ ὥρα; Ἔλεγεν, Εἰς ὁδὸν ἐθνῶν μὴ ἀπέλθητε, πᾶσαν ἐγκόπτων ἀγνωμοσύνης πρόφασιν ἀπὸ Ἰουδαίων, καὶ κατεῖχεν αὐτούς. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐπέμενον οὗτοι ἀπειθοῦντες, ἐκεῖνοι δὲ ἐβούλοντο προσελθεῖν, Καιρὸς λοιπὸν, φησὶν, ἐπὶ τὸ πάθος ἐλθεῖν, πάντων πεπληρωμένων. Εἰ γὰρ μέλλοιμεν τούτοις μὲν καὶ ἀπειθοῦσι προσεδρεύειν, ἐκείνους δὲ καὶ βουλομένους μὴ προσίεσθαι, ἀνάξια τῆς ἡμετέρας ἔσται ταῦτα κηδεμονίας. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἔμελλεν ἀφήσειν τοὺς μαθητὰς ἐπὶ τὰ ἔθνη λοιπὸν ἰέναι μετὰ τὸν σταυρὸν, ὁρᾷ δὲ αὐτοὺς προπηδῶντας, φησί: Καιρὸς ἐπὶ τὸν σταυρὸν ἐλθεῖν. Οὐ πρότερον γὰρ αὐτοὺς εἴασεν, ἵνα ᾖ εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς. Ἕως γὰρ διὰ τῶν ἔργων αὐτὸν διεκρούσαντο, ἕως αὐτὸν ἐσταύρωσαν, οὐκ εἶπε, Πορευθέντες μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, ἀλλ', Εἰς ὁδὸν ἐθνῶν μὴ ἀπέλθητε: καὶ, Οὐκ ἀπεστάλην, εἰ μὴ εἰς τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ: καὶ, Οὐκ ἔστι καλὸν λαβεῖν τὸν ἄρτον τῶν τέκνων, καὶ δοῦναι τοῖς κυναρίοις. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐμίσησαν αὐτὸν, καὶ οὕτως ἐμίσησαν ὡς ἀνελεῖν, περιττὸν ἧν προσεδρεύειν διακρουομένων ἐκείνων. Καὶ γὰρ παρῃτήσαντο αὐτὸν λέγοντες: Οὐκ ἔχομεν βασιλέα, εἰ μὴ Καίσαρα. Τότε δὴ λοιπὸν αὐτοὺς ἀφῆκεν, ἐπειδὴ αὐτοὶ ἀφῆκαν. Διὰ τοῦτο λέγει: Ποσάκις ἠθέλησα ἐπισυναγαγεῖν τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν, καὶ οὐκ ἠθελήσατε! Τί ἐστιν: Ὁ κόκκος τοῦ σίτου, ἐὰν μὴ πεσὼν ἀποθάνῃ; Περὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ λέγει. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ θορυβῶνται ἐννοοῦντες ὅτι, ὅτε καὶ Ἕλληνες προσῆλθον, τότε ἀνῃρέθη, λέγει: Αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο μάλιστα αὐτοὺς ποιεῖ προσελθεῖν, καὶ αὐξήσει τὸ κήρυγμα τὸ ἐμόν. Εἶτα, ἐπειδὴ ἀπὸ λόγων οὐχ οὕτως ἔπειθεν, ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν πραγμάτων πείρας αὐτὸ μεθοδεύει λέγων: Ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐν τῷ σίτῳ τοῦτο γίνεται: μᾶλλον φέρει καρπὸν, ὅταν ἀποθάνῃ. Εἰ δὲ ἐν τοῖς σπέρμασι τοῦτο, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐν ἐμοί. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ᾔδεσαν οἱ μαθηταὶ τὰ λεγόμενα. Διὸ συνεχῶς αὐτὸ τίθησιν ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, ἀπολογούμενος ὑπὲρ τῆς μετὰ ταῦτα φυγῆς. Τοῦτον καὶ περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως διαλεγόμενος ὁ Παῦλος τὸν λόγον ἐκίνησε. γʹ. Ποίαν οὖν ἕξουσιν ἀπολογίαν οἱ τῇ ἀναστάσει διαπιστοῦντες, ἐν τοῖς σπέρμασι τοῦ πράγματος καθ' ἑκάστην μελετωμένου τὴν ἡμέραν, καὶ ἐν φυτοῖς, καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γενέσεως τῆς ἡμετέρας; Πρότερον γὰρ δεῖ φθαρῆναι τὸ σπέρμα, καὶ τότε γενέσθαι γένεσιν. Ὅλως δὲ ὅταν ὁ Θεός τι ποιῇ, λογισμῶν οὐκ ἔστι χρεία. Πῶς γὰρ ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων ἡμᾶς ἐποίησε; Ταῦτα πρὸς Χριστιανοὺς λέγω, τοὺς λέγοντας πείθεσθαι Γραφαῖς. Ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ ἕτερον ἐρῶ ἀπὸ λογισμῶν ἀνθρωπίνων. Τῶν ἀνθρώπων οἱ μὲν ἐν κακίᾳ διάγουσιν, οἱ δὲ ἐν ἀρετῇ. Ἀλλὰ τῶν ἐν κακίᾳ διατριβόντων πολλοὶ εἰς ἔσχατον γῆρας ἦλθον εὐπαθοῦντες: τῶν δὲ ἐν ἀρετῇ, τὰ ἐναντία ὑπομείναντες. Πότε οὖν τὰ κατ' ἀξίαν ἀπολήψεται ἕκαστος; ἐν ποίῳ καιρῷ; Ναὶ, φησίν: ἀλλὰ σωμάτων οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνάστασις. Οὐκ ἀκούουσι τοῦ Παύλου λέγοντος: Δεῖ τὸ φθαρτὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσασθαι ἀφθαρσίαν; Οὐ περὶ ψυχῆς (οὐδὲ γὰρ φθείρεται ἡ ψυχή): καὶ ἀνάστασις δὲ τοῦ πεπτωκότος λέγεται: ἔπεσε δὲ τὸ σῶμα. Διατί δὲ οὐ βούλει ἀνάστασιν εἶναι σώματος; Πότερον οὐ δυνατὸν τῷ Θεῷ; Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο μὲν ἐσχάτης ἀνοίας λέγειν. Ἀλλ' οὐ πρέπει; Διατί οὐ πρέπει τὸ φθαρτὸν καὶ πόνου καὶ θανάτου κοινωνῆσαν, κοινωνῆσαι καὶ τῶν στεφάνων; Εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἔπρεπεν, οὐδ' ἂν παρὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐγένετο, οὐκ ἂν σάρκα αὐτὸς ἀνέλαβεν. Ὅτι δὲ καὶ ἀνέλαβε, καὶ αὐτὴν ἀνέστησεν, ἄκουσον τί φησι: Βάλε τοὺς δακτύλους, καὶ ἴδε, ὅτι πνεῦμα ὀστᾶ καὶ νεῦρα οὐκ ἔχει. Διατί δὲ τὸν Λάζαρον ἀνέστησεν, εἰ βέλτιον ἦν χωρὶς σώματος ἀναστῆναι; τί ἐν τάξει σημείου καὶ εὐεργεσίας αὐτὸ ποιεῖ; τί δὲ ὅλως ἔδωκε τροφάς; Μὴ τοίνυν ἀπατᾶσθε παρὰ τῶν αἱρετικῶν, ἀγαπητοί. Καὶ γὰρ ἀνάστασίς ἐστι, καὶ κρίσις ἐστί. Ταῦτα δὲ ἀναιροῦσιν, ὅσοι μὴ βούλονται δοῦναι λόγον τῶν πεπραγμένων. Καὶ γὰρ δεῖ τὴν ἀνάστασιν τοιαύτην εἶναι, οἵα γέγονεν ἡ τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Ἀπαρχὴ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος, καὶ πρωτότοκος ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν. Εἰ δὲ ἀνάστασις τοῦτό ἐστι, ψυχῆς καθαρμὸς, καὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἀπαλλαγὴ, ὁ δὲ Χριστὸς οὐχ ἥμαρτε, πῶς ἀνέστη; πῶς ἡμεῖς τῆς κατάρας ἀπηλλάγημεν, εἴ γε καὶ αὐτὸς ἥμαρτε; πῶς δὲ λέγει: Ἔρχεται ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου, καὶ ἐν ἐμοὶ οὐκ ἔχει οὐδέν; Ταῦτα γὰρ τὸ ἀναμάρτητον δηλοῦντός ἐστιν. Οὐκοῦν κατ' αὐτοὺς ἢ οὐκ ἀνέστη, ἢ ἵνα ἀναστῇ, ἥμαρτε πρὸ τῆς ἀναστάσεως. Ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀνέστη, καὶ ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ ἐποίησεν. Οὐκοῦν ἀνέστη σώματι: καὶ τὰ δόγματα ταῦτα τὰ πονηρὰ οὐδὲν ἕτερόν ἐστιν, ἀλλ' ἢ κενοδοξίας ἔκγονα. Φεύγωμεν τοίνυν τοῦτο τὸ νόσημα. Φθείρουσι γὰρ, φησὶν, ἤθη χρηστὰ ὁμιλίαι κακαί. Οὐκ ἔστι ταῦτα ἀποστόλων διδάγματα: Μαρκίων ἐστὶ καὶ Οὐαλεντῖνος ὁ ταῦτα καινοτομήσας. Φεύγωμεν τοίνυν, ἀγαπητοί. Οὐδὲν γὰρ ὄφελος βίου καθαροῦ, δογμάτων διεφθαρμένων: ὥσπερ οὖν οὐδὲ τοὐναντίον, δογμάτων ὑγιῶν, ἐὰν βίος ᾗ διεφθαρμένος. Ταῦτα Ἕλληνες ἔτεκον, ταῦτα ἐκεῖνοι ηὔξησαν, ἀπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν φιλοσόφων λαβόντες, καὶ τὴν ὕλην ἀγέννητον λέγοντες, καὶ πολλὰ τοιαῦτα. Ὥσπερ οὖν εἶπαν, ὅτι οὐκ ἂν εἴη δημιουργὸς, μὴ ὑποκειμένης ὕλης ἀγεννήτου: οὕτω καὶ τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἠθέτησαν. Ἀλλὰ μὴ προσέχωμεν, εἰδότες Θεοῦ δύναμιν παναρκῆ: μὴ προσέχωμεν. Ὑμῖν λέγω ταῦτα. Ἡμεῖς γὰρ τὴν πρὸς αὐτοὺς οὐ παραιτησόμεθα μάχην. Ἀλλ' ὁ ἄοπλος καὶ γυμνὸς, κἂν εἰς ἀσθενεῖς ἐμπέσῃ, κἂν ἰσχυρότερος ᾖ, ῥᾳδίως ἁλώσεται. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ Γραφαῖς προσείχετε, καὶ καθ' ἑκάστην ἑαυτοὺς ἠκονᾶτε τὴν ἡμέραν, οὐκ ἂν παρῄνεσα τὴν πρὸς ἐκείνους φεύγειν μάχην, ἀλλὰ καὶ συμπλέκεσθαι συνεβούλευσα ἄν. Καὶ γὰρ ἰσχυρὰ ἡ ἀλήθεια. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ χρῆσθαι αὐταῖς οὐκ ἴστε, δέδοικα τὴν συμπλοκὴν, μὴ λαβόντες ὑμᾶς ἀόπλους καταβάλωσιν. Οὐδὲν γὰρ, οὐδὲν ἀσθενέστερον ἐκείνων τῶν τῆς τοῦ Πνεύματος βοηθείας ἠρημωμένων. Εἰ δὲ τῇ ἔξωθεν κέχρηνται σοφίᾳ, θαυμάζειν οὐ χρὴ, ἀλλὰ καταγελᾷν, ὅτι τοῖς μωροῖς κέχρηνται διδασκάλοις. Οὔτε γὰρ περὶ Θεοῦ, οὔτε περὶ κτίσεώς τι ὑγιὲς εὑρεῖν ἠδυνήθησαν ἐκεῖνοι: ἀλλ' ἅπερ ἡ παρ' ἡμῖν χήρα ἐπίσταται, ταῦτα Πυθαγόρας οὐδέπω ᾔδει: ἀλλ' ἔλεγον ὅτι θάμνος ἐστὶ καὶ ἰχθὺς, καὶ κύων γίνεται ἡ ψυχή. Τούτοις οὖν, εἰπέ μοι, προσέχειν δεῖ; καὶ πῶς ἂν ἔχοι λόγον; Μεγάλοι εἰσὶν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ ἐκεῖνοι, καλοὺς βοστρύχους τρέφουσι, καὶ τρίβωνας ἀναβέβληνται: μέχρι τούτων αὐτοῖς ἡ φιλοσοφία. Ἂν δὲ τὰ ἔνδοθεν ἴδῃς, τέφρα καὶ κόνις, καὶ ὑγιὲς οὐδὲν, ἀλλὰ Τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν, πάντα ἀκαθαρσίας ἔχων γέμοντα καὶ ἰχῶρος, καὶ τὰ δόγματα πάντα σκωλήκων. Ὁ γοῦν πρῶτος αὐτῶν τὸ ὕδωρ ἔφησεν εἶναι θεὸν, καὶ ὁ μετ' ἐκεῖνον τὸ πῦρ, ἄλλος τὸν ἀέρα, καὶ πάντες εἰς τὰ σώματα κατηνέχθησαν. Τούτους οὖν, εἰπέ μοι, θαυμάζειν χρὴ, τοὺς οὐδὲ ἔννοιαν ἀσωμάτου λαβόντας Θεοῦ, εἰ δήποτε καὶ ὕστερον ἔλαβον, μετὰ τὸ συγγενέσθαι ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ τοῖς ἡμετέροις; Ἀλλ' ἵνα μὴ πολὺν ὑμῖν ἐπάγωμεν θόρυβον, ἐνταῦθα τὸν λόγον καταλύσωμεν. Ἂν γὰρ ἀρξώμεθα τὰ ἐκείνων προτιθέναι δόγματα, καὶ τί μὲν περὶ Θεοῦ, τί δὲ περὶ ὕλης, τί δὲ περὶ ψυχῆς, τί δὲ περὶ σωμάτων εἶπον, πολὺς ἕψεται γέλως. Καὶ οὐδὲ τῆς παρ' ἡμῶν κατηγορίας δεήσονται: αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἀλλήλους ἔβαλον. Ὁ γοῦν καθ' ἡμῶν γράψας τὸν περὶ τῆς ὕλης λόγον, ἑαυτὸν ἀνεῖλε. Διόπερ ἵνα μὴ ματαίως ὑμᾶς ἀποσχολήσωμεν, καὶ λαβύρινθον λόγων ἀνελίσσωμεν, ταῦτα ἀφέντες, ἐκεῖνο ἐροῦμεν, τῆς ἀκροάσεως τῶν θείων ἔχεσθαι Γραφῶν, καὶ μὴ λογομαχεῖν εἰς οὐδὲν δέον: ὃ καὶ Παῦλος παραινεῖ Τιμοθέῳ, καίτοι γε πολλῆς σοφίας ἐμπεπλησμένῳ, καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν σημείων ἔχοντι δύναμιν. Πειθώμεθα τοίνυν ἐκείνῳ, καὶ τὰς φλυαρίας ἀφέντες, τῶν ἔργων ἐχώμεθα, φιλαδελφίας λέγω καὶ φιλοξενίας: καὶ πολὺν ποιησώμεθα τῆς ἐλεημοσύνης λόγον, ἵνα τῶν ἐπηγγελμένων τύχωμεν ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.