Homily LXX.

John xiii. 1

“Now before the feast of the Passover, when Jesus knew that His hour was come that He should depart out of this world unto the Father, having loved His own which were in the world, He loved them unto the end.”

[1.] “Be ye imitators of me,” said Paul, “as I also am of Christ.” ( 1 Cor. xi. 1.) For on this account He took also flesh of our substance,1953   lit. “our lump.” that by means of it He might teach us virtue. For (“God sending His own Son) in the likeness of sinful flesh,” it saith, “and for sin condemned sin in the flesh.” ( Rom. viii. 3.) And Christ Himself1954   al. “and Himself.” saith, “Learn of Me, for I am meek and lowly in heart.” ( Matt. xi. 29.) And this He taught, not by words alone, but by actions also. For they called Him a Samaritan, and one that had a devil, and a deceiver, and cast stones at Him; and at one time the Pharisees sent servants to take1955   al. “in order to kill.” Him, at another they sent plotters against Him; and they continued also insulting Him themselves, and that when they had no fault to find, but were even being continually benefited. Still after such conduct He ceaseth not to do well to them both by words and deeds. And, when a certain domestic smote Him on the face, He said, “If I have spoken evil, bear witness of the evil, but if well, why smitest thou Me?” ( c. xviii. 23.) But this was to those who hated and plotted against Him. Let us see also what He doeth now towards the disciples, or rather what actions He now exhibiteth1956   al. “doeth.” towards the traitor. The man whom most of all there was reason1957   ἐ χρῆν to hate, because being a disciple, having shared the table and the salt, having seen the miracles and been deemed worthy of such great things, he acted more grievously than any, not stoning indeed, nor insulting Him, but betraying and giving Him up, observe in how friendly sort He receiveth this man, washing his feet; for even in this way He desired to restrain him from that wickedness. Yet it was in His power, had He willed it, to have withered him like the fig-tree, to have cut him in two as He rent the rocks, to have cleft him asunder like the veil; but He would not lead him away from his design by compulsion, but by choice. Wherefore He washed his feet; and not even by this was that wretched and miserable man shamed.

“Before the feast of the Passover,” it saith, “Jesus knowing that His hour was come.” Not then “knowing,” but (it means) that He did what He did having “known” long ago. “That He should depart.” Magnificently1958   al. “magniloquently.” the Evangelist calleth His death, “departure.” “Having loved His own, He loved them unto the end.” Seest thou how when about to leave them He showeth greater love? For the, “having loved, He loved them unto the end,” showeth that he omitted nothing of the things which it was likely that one who earnestly loved would do. Why, then did He not this from the beginning? He worketh1959   al. “added.” the greatest things last, so as to render more intense their attachment, and to lay up for them beforehand much comfort, against the terrible things that were about to fall on them. St. John calls them “His own,” in respect of personal attachment, since he calls others also “His own,” in respect of the work of creation; as when he saith, “His own received Him not.” ( c. i. 11.) But what meaneth, “which were in the world”? Because the dead also were “His own,” Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and the men of that sort,1960   οἱ κατ̓ ἐκείνους but they were not in the world. Seest thou that He is the God both of the Old and New (Testament)? But what meaneth, “He loved them unto the end”? It stands for, “He continued loving them unceasingly,” and this the Evangelist mentions as a sure proof of great affection. Elsewhere indeed He spake of another (proof), the laying down life for His friends; but that had not yet come to pass. And wherefore did He this thing “now”? Because it was far more wonderful at a time when He appeared more glorious in the sight of all men. Besides, He left them no small consolation now that He was about to depart, for since they were going to be greatly grieved, He by these means introduceth also comfort to the grief.

Ver. 2. “And supper being ended, the devil having now put it into the heart of Judas1961   “Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son,” N.T. to betray Him.”

This the Evangelist hath said1962   al. “hath put in by the way.” amazed, showing that Jesus washed the man who had already chosen to betray Him. This also proves his great wickedness, that not even the having shared the salt restrained him, (a thing which is most able to restrain wickedness;) not the fact that even up to the last day, his Master continued to bear with him.1963   διαβαστάζοντα

Ver. 3. “Jesus knowing that the Father had given1964   al. “given over.” all things into His hands, and that He was come from God, and went to God.”

Here the Evangelist saith, even1965   al. “either he saith this.” wondering, that one so great, so very great, who came from God and went to Him, who ruleth over all, did this thing, and disdained not even so to undertake such an action. And by the “giving over,” methinks St. John means the salvation of the faithful. For when He saith, “All things are given over1966   E.V. “delivered.” to Me of My Father” ( Matt. xi. 27 ), He speaketh of this kind of giving over; as also in another place He saith, “Thine they were, and Thou gavest them Me” ( c. xvii. 6 ); and again, “No man can come unto Me except the Father draw him” ( c. vi. 44 ); and, “Except it be given him from heaven.” ( c. iii. 27 .) The Evangelist then either means this, or that Christ would be nothing lessened by this action, since He came from God, and went to God, and possessed all things. But when thou hearest of “giving over,” understand it in no human sense, for it showeth how He honoreth the Father, and His unanimity with Him. For as the Father giveth over to Him, so He to the Father. And this Paul declares, saying, “When He shall have given over1967   “delivered up,” E.V. the kingdom to God, even the Father.” ( 1 Cor. xv. 24.) But St. John hath said it here in a more human sense, showing His great care for them, and declaring His unutterable love, that He now cared for them as for His own; teaching them the mother of all good, even humblemindedness, which He said was both the beginning and the end of virtue. And not without a reason is added the,1968   al. “what then is added?” “He came from God and went to God”: but that we may learn that He did what was worthy1969   al. “went to God,” that is, did what was worthy. of One who came thence and went thither, trampling down all pride.

Ver. 4. “And having risen1970   ἀ ναστὰς (ἐ γείρεται, G. T.). from supper, and laid aside His garments.”1971   “He riseth,” &c., “and took a towel, and girded Himself.” 5. “After that He poureth water into a basin.” N.T.

[2.] Observe how not by the washing only, but in another way also He exhibiteth humility. For it was not before reclining, but after they had all sat down, then He arose. In the next place, He doth not merely wash them, but doth so, putting off His garments. And He did not even stop here, but girded Himself with a towel. Nor was He satisfied with this, but Himself filled (the basin), and did not bid another fill it; He did all these things Himself, showing by all that we must do such things, when we are engaged in well doing, not merely for form’s sake,1972   ἀ φοσιουμένους but with all zeal. Now He seemeth to me to have washed the feet of the traitor first from its saying,

Ver. 5. “He began to wash the disciples’ feet,”1973   “and to wipe them with the towel wherewith He was girded,” N.T. and adding,

Ver. 6. “Then cometh He to Simon Peter and Peter saith unto Him, Lord, dost Thou wash my feet?”

“With those hands,” he saith, “with which Thou hast opened eyes, and cleansed lepers, and raised the dead?” For this (question) is very emphatic; wherefore He needed not to have said any more than the, “Thou”; for even of itself this would have sufficed to convey the whole. Some one might reasonably enquire, how none of the others forbade Him, but Peter only, which was a mark of no slight love and reverence. What then is the cause? He seemeth to me to have washed the traitor first, then to have come to Peter, and that the others were afterwards instructed from his case.1974   ἀ π̓ ἐκείνου, al. ὑ π̓ ἐκ. “by him.” That He washed some one other before him is clear from its saying, “But when He came1975   “He cometh therefore,” οὐν, N.T. to Peter.” Yet the Evangelist is not a vehement accuser,1976   i.e. of Judas. for the “began,” is the expression of one implying this. And even if Peter were the first,1977   i.e. in dignity. yet it is probable that the traitor, being a forward person, had reclined even before the chief.1978   κορυφαίου For by another circumstance also his forwardness is shown, when He dippeth with his Master in the dish, and being convicted, feels no compunction; while Peter being rebuked but once on a former occasion, and for words which he spake from loving affection, was so abashed, that being even distressed and trembling, he begged another to ask a question. But Judas, though continually convicted, felt not. ( Ver. 24.) When therefore He came to Peter, he saith unto Him, “Lord, dost Thou wash my feet?”

Ver. 7. “He saith unto him, What I do thou knowest not now, but thou shalt know here after.”

That is “thou shalt know how great is the gain from this, the profit of the lesson, and how it is able to guide us into all humblemindedness.” What then doth Peter? He still hinders Him, and saith,

Ver. 8. “Thou shalt never wash my feet.” “What doest thou, Peter? Rememberest thou not those former words? Saidst thou not, ‘Be merciful to Thyself,’1979   “that be far from Thee,” E.V. and heardest thou not in return, ‘Get thee behind Me, Satan’? ( Matt. xvi. 22.) Art thou not even so sobered, but art thou yet vehement?” “Yea,” he saith, “for what is being done is a great matter, and full of amazement.” Since then he did this from exceeding love, Christ in turn subdueth him by the same; and as there He effected this by sharply rebuking him, and saying, “Thou art an offense unto Me,” so here also by saying,

“If I wash thee not, thou hast no part with Me.” What then saith that hot and burning one?

Ver. 9. “Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head.”

Vehement in deprecation, he becometh yet more vehement in acquiescence; but both from love. For why said He not wherefore He did this, instead of adding a threat? Because Peter would not have been persuaded. For had He said, “Suffer it, for by this I persuade you to be humbleminded,” Peter would have promised it ten thousand times, in order that his Master might not do this thing. But now what saith He? He speaketh of that which Peter most feared and dreaded, the being separated from Him; for it is he who continually asks, “Whither goest Thou?” ( Ver. 36.) Wherefore also he said, “I will give1980   “lay down,” N.T. even my life for Thee.” ( Ver. 37.) And if, after hearing, “What I do thou knowest not now, but thou shalt know hereafter,” he still persisted, much more would he have done so had he learnt (the meaning of the action). Therefore said He, “but thou shalt know hereafter,” as being aware, that should he learn it immediately he would still resist. And Peter said not, “Tell me, that I may suffer Thee,” but (which was much more vehement) he did not even endure to learn, but withstands Him,1981   al. “Him again.” saying, “Thou shalt never wash my feet.” But as soon as He threatened, he straightway relaxed his tone. But what meaneth, “Thou shalt know after this”? “After this?” When? “When in My Name thou shalt have cast out devils; when thou shalt have seen Me taken up into Heaven, when thou shalt have learnt from the Spirit1982   Ben. and mss. Sav. “the Father.” that I sit1983   Sav. “He sitteth.” on His right hand, then shalt thou understand what is being done now.” What then saith Christ? When Peter said, “not my feet only, but also my hands and my head,” He replieth,

Ver. 10, 11. “He that is washed, needeth not save to wash his feet, but is clean every whit; and ye are clean,1984   al. “clean through the word which I have spoken unto you” (from c. xv. 3 ). but not all. For He knew who should betray Him.”1985   “Him, therefore said He, Ye are not all clean,” N.T.

“And if they are clean, why washeth He1986   al. “washest thou.” their feet?” That we may learn to be modest.1987   μετριάζειν On which account He came not to any other part of the body, but to that which is considered more dishonorable than the rest. But what is, “He that is washed”? It is instead of, “he that is clean.” Were they then clean, who had not1988   al. “yet they had not.” yet been delivered from their sins, nor deemed worthy of the Spirit, since sin still had the mastery, the handwriting of the curse still remaining, the victim not having yet been offered? How then calleth He them “clean”? That thou mayest not deem them clean, as delivered from their sins, He addeth,1989   from c. xv. 3 Behold, “ye are clean through the word that I have spoken unto you.” That is, “In this way ye are so far1990   τέως clean; ye have received the light, ye have been freed from Jewish error. For the Prophet also saith, ‘Wash you, make you clean, put away the wickedness from your souls’ ( Isa. i. 16 , LXX.); so that such a one is washed and is clean.” Since then these men had cast away all wickedness from their souls, and had companied with Him with a pure mind, therefore He saith according to the word of the Prophet, “he that is washed is clean already.” For in that place also It meaneth not the “washing” of water, practiced by the Jews; but the cleansing of the conscience.1991   al. “of the creation.”

[3.] Be we then also clean; learn we to do well. But what is “well”? “Judge for the fatherless, plead for the widow; and come, let us reason together, saith the Lord.” ( Isa. i. 7.) There is frequent mention in the Scriptures of widows and orphans, but we make no account of this. Yet consider how great is the reward. “Though,” it saith, “your sins be as scarlet, I will whiten them as snow; though they be red like crimson, I will whiten them as wool.” For a widow is an unprotected being, therefore He1992   or, “It.” taketh much care for her. For they, when it is even in their power to contract a second marriage, endure the hardships of widowhood through fear of God. Let us then all, both men and women, stretch forth our hands to them, that we may never undergo the sorrows of widow-hood; or if we should have to undergo them, let us lay up1993   al. “but we shall not undergo them if we lay up.” a great store of kindness for ourselves. Not small is the power of the widow’s tears, it is able to open heaven itself. Let us not then trample on them, nor make their calamity worse, but assist them by every means. If so we do, we shall put around1994   al. “putting around.” ourselves much safety, both in the present life, and in that which is to come. For not here alone, but there also will they be our defenders, cutting away most of our sins by reason of our beneficence towards them, and causing us to stand boldly before the judgment-seat of Christ. Which1995   οὗ, al. ἧ ς, “which boldness.” may it come to pass that we all obtain, through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Οʹ. Πρὸ δὲ τῆς ἑορτῆς τοῦ Πάσχα, εἰδὼς ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὅτι ἦλθεν αὐτοῦ ἡ ὥρα, ἵνα μεταβῇ ἐκ τοῦ κό σμου τούτου πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα, ἀγαπήσας τοὺς ἰδίους τοὺς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ, εἰς τέλος ἠγάπησεν αὐτούς. αʹ. Μιμηταί μου γίνεσθε, φησὶν ὁ Παῦλος, καθὼς κἀγὼ Χριστοῦ. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο καὶ σάρκα ἐκ τοῦ φυράματος ἔλαβε τοῦ ἡμετέρου, ἵνα δι' αὐτῆς ἡμᾶς παιδεύσῃ τὴν ἀρετήν. Ἐν γὰρ ὁμοιώματι σαρκὸς, φησὶν, ἁμαρτίας, καὶ περὶ ἁμαρτίας κατέκρινε τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἐν τῇ σαρκί: καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Χριστὸς, Μάθετε ἀπ' ἐμοῦ ὅτι πρᾶός εἰμι καὶ ταπεινὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ. Καὶ ταῦτα οὐ διὰ ῥημάτων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τῶν πραγμάτων ἐδίδασκε. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ Σαμαρείτην καὶ δαιμονῶντα αὐτὸν ἐκάλουν, καὶ πλάνον, καὶ λίθους ἠφίεσαν κατ' αὐτοῦ: καὶ νῦν μὲν ὑπηρέτας ἀπέστελλον οἱ Φαρισαῖοι ὥστε αὐτὸν συλλαβεῖν, νῦν δὲ ἄλλους καθίεσαν ἐπιβουλεύοντας: καὶ αὐτοὶ δὲ πολλάκις ὑβρίζοντες διετέλουν, καὶ ταῦτα οὐδὲν ἔχοντες ἐγκαλεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ εὐεργετούμενοι διηνεκῶς: καὶ ὅμως μετὰ τοσαῦτα οὐκ ἀφίσταται αὐτοὺς εὖ ποιῶν καὶ διὰ ῥημάτων καὶ διὰ πραγμάτων. Καὶ οἰκέτου δέ τινος ῥαπίσαντος αὐτὸν, φησίν: Εἰ μὲν κακῶς ἐλάλησα, μαρτύρησον περὶ τοῦ κακοῦ: εἰ δὲ καλῶς, τί με δέρεις; Ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνα μὲν πρὸς τοὺς ἐχθροὺς καὶ τοὺς ἐπιβουλεύοντας: ἴδωμεν δὲ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς τί ποιεῖ νῦν: μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἃ νῦν ἐπιδείκνυται πρὸς τὸν ἐπίβουλον. Ὃν γὰρ μάλιστα πάντων ἐχρῆν μισεῖν, ὅτι μαθητὴς ὢν, καὶ τραπεζῶν καὶ ἁλῶν κοινωνήσας, καὶ θαύματα ἰδὼν, καὶ τοσούτων ἀξιωθεὶς, πάντων ἐποίησε χαλεπώτερα, λίθοις μὲν οὐ βάλλων οὐδὲ ὑβρίσας, ἀλλὰ προδοὺς αὐτὸν καὶ παραδοὺς, τοῦτον ὅρα πῶς φιλοφρόνως δέχεται, νίπτων αὐτοῦ τοὺς πόδας. Καὶ γὰρ ταύτῃ αὐτὸν κατασχεῖν ἐβούλετο τῆς πονηρίας ἐκείνης. Καίτοι γε ἐνῆν, εἴπερ ἤθελε, καὶ ξηρᾶναι αὐτὸν ὡς τὴν συκῆν, καὶ διατεμεῖν ὥσπερ τὰς πέτρας ἔῤῥηξε, καὶ διασχίσαι ὥσπερ τὸ καταπέτασμα: ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐβούλετο ἀνάγκῃ, ἀλλὰ προαιρέσει τῆς ἐπιβουλῆς αὐτὸν ἀπαγαγεῖν. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ νίπτει τοὺς πόδας. Καὶ οὐδὲ τοῦτο ᾐδέσθη ὁ ταλαίπωρος ἐκεῖνος καὶ ἄθλιος. Πρὸ δὲ τῆς ἑορτῆς τοῦ Πάσχα, φησὶν, εἰδὼς ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὅτι ἦλθεν αὐτοῦ ἡ ὥρα. Οὐ τότε εἰδώς: ἀλλ' ὅτι ἐποίησεν ὅπερ ἐποίησεν, πάλαι εἰδὼς, φησίν. Ἵνα μεταβῇ. Μεγαλοφρόνως. ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς μετάβασιν αὐτοῦ τὸν θάνατον καλεῖ Ἀγαπήσας τοὺς ἰδίους, εἰς τέλος ἠγάπησεν αὐτούς. Εἶδες πῶς μέλλων ἐγκαταλιμπάνειν αὐτοὺς, σφοδροτέραν τὴν ἀγάπην ἐπιδείκνυται; Τὸ γὰρ, Ἀγαπήσας, εἰς τέλος ἠγάπησεν αὐτοὺς, τοῦτο δηλοῖ: Οὐδὲν ἐνέλιπεν ὧν τὸν σφόδρα ἀγαπῶντα εἰκὸς ἦν ποιῆσαι. Τί δήποτε δὲ οὐκ ἐξ ἀρχῆς τοῦτο ἐποίησε; Τὰ μείζονα ὕστερον ἐργάζεται, ὥστε αὐτῶν ἐπιτεῖναι τὴν οἰκείωσιν, καὶ πολλὴν αὐτοῖς προαποθέσθαι παράκλησιν πρὸς τὰ μέλλοντα ἐπιέναι δεινά. Ἰδίους δὲ αὐτοὺς λέγει κατὰ τὸν τῆς οἰκειώσεως λόγον: ἐπεὶ καὶ ἄλλους ἰδίους λέγει, κατὰ τὸν τῆς δημιουργίας, ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ: Οἱ ἴδιοι αὐτὸν οὐ παρέλαβον. Τί δέ ἐστι, Τοὺς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ; Ἐπειδὴ ἦσαν αὐτοῦ ἴδιοι καὶ οἱ τετελευτηκότες, οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ Ἰσαὰκ, καὶ Ἰακὼβ, καὶ οἱ κατ' ἐκείνους: ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἦσαν ἐκεῖνοι. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι Παλαιᾶς καὶ Καινῆς αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ Θεός; Τί δέ ἐστιν, Εἰς τέλος ἠγάπησεν αὐτούς; Ἀντὶ τοῦ, ἔμενεν ἀγαπῶν διηνεκῶς, καὶ τεκμήριον τῆς πολλῆς ἀγάπης τοῦτο λέγει: καίτοι γε ἀλλαχοῦ ἕτερον εἶπε, τὸ, τὴν ψυχὴν θεῖναι ὑπὲρ τῶν φίλων αὐτοῦ. Ἀλλ' οὔπω ἐκεῖνο ἐγεγόνει. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν τοῦτο νῦν ἐποίησεν; Ὅτι πολλῷ θαυμαστότερον ἦν, ὅτε λαμπρότερος παρὰ πᾶσιν ἐφάνη: καὶ παραμυθίαν δὲ οὐ μικρὰν κατέλιπε μέλλων ἀναχωρεῖν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἔμελλον ὀδυνᾶσθαι σφοδρῶς, ἀντίῤῥοπον αὐτοῖς διὰ τούτων παράκλησιν ἐπεισάγει. Καὶ δείπνου γενομένου, τοῦ διαβόλου βεβληκότος εἰς τὴν καρδίαν Ἰούδα, ἵνα παραδῷ αὐτόν. Τοῦτο ἐκπληττόμενος εἶπεν ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, δηλῶν, ὅτι τοῦτον τὸν ἤδη προδοῦναι ἑλόμενον αὐτὸν ἔνιψε. Δείκνυσι δὲ αὐτοῦ πολλὴν τὴν πονηρίαν, ὅτι οὐδὲ τῶν ἁλῶν αὐτὸν ἡ κοινωνία κατέσχεν, ὃ μάλιστα οἶδεν ἐπέχειν πονηρίαν, οὐ τὸ μέχρι τῆς ἐσχάτης ἡμέρας παραμεῖναι τὸν διδάσκαλον αὐτοῦ διαβαστάζοντα. Εἰδὼς δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ὅτι πάντα αὐτῷ εἰς χεῖρα δέδωκεν ὁ Πατὴρ, καὶ ὅτι ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ἐξῆλθε, καὶ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ὑπάγει. Ἐνταῦθα καὶ θαυμάζων λέγει, ὅτι Ὁ τοσοῦτος, καὶ τηλικοῦτος, ὁ παρὰ Θεοῦ ἐλθὼν, καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀπιὼν, ὁ πάντων κρατῶν, τοῦτο εἰργάσατο, καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτως ἀπηξίωσε καταδέξασθαι πρᾶγμα τοσοῦτον. Παράδοσιν δὲ, ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ, τὴν τῶν πιστῶν σωτηρίαν ἐνταῦθα καλεῖ. Καὶ γὰρ ὅταν λέγῃ, Πάντα μοι παρεδόθη παρὰ τοῦ Πατρός μου, ταύτην λέγει τὴν παράδοσιν: ὡς καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ φησιν, Σοὶ ἦσαν, καὶ ἐμοὶ αὐτοὺς δέδωκας: καὶ πάλιν, Οὐδεὶς δύναται ἐλθεῖν πρός με, ἐὰν μὴ ὁ Πατὴρ ἑλκύσῃ αὐτόν: καὶ ὅτι, Ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ δεδομένον αὐτῷ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ. Ἢ τοῦτο οὖν φησιν, ἢ ὅτι οὐδὲν ἐλαττοῦσθαι ἔμελλεν ἀπὸ τούτου, ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ἐξελθὼν, καὶ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ὑπάγων, καὶ πάντα ἔχων. Ὅταν δὲ ἀκούσῃς παράδοσιν, μηδὲν ἀνθρώπινον ὑπολάβῃς: τὴν γὰρ εἰς τὸν Πατέρα ἐνδείκνυται τιμὴν καὶ ὁμόνοιαν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ αὐτῷ παραδίδωσιν, οὕτω καὶ αὐτὸς τῷ Πατρί. Καὶ δηλοῖ Παῦλος λέγων: Ὅταν παραδῷ τὴν βασιλείαν τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρί. Ἀνθρωπινώτερον δὲ αὐτὸ ἐνταῦθα εἶπε, τὴν πολλὴν περὶ αὐτοὺς ἐπιμέλειαν δεικνύμενος, καὶ τὴν ἄφατον περὶ αὐτοὺς ἐμφαίνων ἀγάπην, ὅτι ὡς οἰκείων ἐπεμελεῖτο λοιπὸν, διδάσκων αὐτοὺς τὴν μητέρα τῶν ἀγαθῶν τὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην, ἣν καὶ ἀρχὴν καὶ τέλος ἔφησεν εἶναι τῆς ἀρετῆς. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς δὲ πρόσκειται τὸ, Ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ἐξῆλθε καὶ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ὑπάγει: ἀλλ' ἵνα μάθωμεν ὅτι ἄξια ἐποίει τοῦ ἐκεῖθεν ἐλθόντος καὶ ἐκεῖ ἀπιόντος, ἅπαντα καταπατῶν τῦφον. Καὶ ἀναστὰς ἀπὸ τοῦ δείπνου, καὶ θεὶς τὰ ἱμάτια. βʹ. Ὅρα πῶς οὐ τῷ νίψαι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑτέρως τὸ ταπεινὸν ἐνδείκνυται. Οὐ γὰρ πρὶν ἢ κατακλιθῆναι, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τὸ ἀναπεσεῖν πάντας, τότε ἀνέστη. Ἔπειτα οὐδὲ ἁπλῶς νίπτει, ἀλλὰ τὰ ἱμάτια ἀποτιθέμενος. Καὶ οὐδὲ μέχρι τούτων ἔστη, ἀλλὰ καὶ λέντιον διεζώσατο. Καὶ οὐδὲ τούτῳ ἠρκέσθη, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐγέμισε, καὶ οὐχ ἑτέρῳ πληρῶσαι ἐκέλευσεν, ἀλλὰ πάντα αὐτὸς ἐργάζεται ταῦτα, διὰ πάντων δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐκ ἀφοσιουμένους δεῖ ποιεῖν τὰ τοιαῦτα, ὅταν εὖ ποιῶμεν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ πάσης προθυμίας. Ἐμοὶ δὲ δοκεῖ τοῦ προδότου πρώτου νίψαι τοὺς πόδας, ἐκ τοῦ εἰπεῖν, Ἤρξατο νίπτειν τοὺς πόδας τῶν μαθητῶν, καὶ ἐπαγαγεῖν, Ἔρχεται πρὸς Σίμωνα Πέτρον, καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ ἐκεῖνος: Σύ μου νίπτεις τοὺς πόδας; Ταῖς χερσὶ ταύταις, φησὶν, αἷς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἀνέῳξας, καὶ λεπροὺς ἐκάθηρας, καὶ νεκροὺς ἀνέστησας; Πολλὴν γὰρ ἔμφασιν καὶ τοῦτο ἔχει: διόπερ οὐδὲ ἐδέησεν αὐτῷ τι πλέον εἰπεῖν, ἢ τὸ Σύ. Καὶ γὰρ καθ' ἑαυτὸ ἱκανὸν ἦν τὸ πᾶν ἐνδείξασθαι. Ζητήσειε δ' ἄν τις εἰκότως, πῶς οὐδεὶς αὐτὸν τῶν ἄλλων ἐκώλυσεν, ἀλλὰ Πέτρος μόνος, ὅπερ οὐ μικροῦ φίλτρου καὶ αἰδοῦς ἦν. Τίς οὖν ἐστιν ἡ αἰτία; Ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ πρότερον τὸν προδότην νίψαι, εἶτα πρὸς τὸν Πέτρον ἐλθεῖν, καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ἀπ' ἐκείνου παιδευθῆναι λοιπόν. Ὅτι μὲν οὖν ἄλλον τινὰ πρὸ αὐτοῦ ἔνιψε, δῆλον ἐκ τοῦ εἰπεῖν. Ὅτε δὲ ἦλθε πρὸς Πέτρον. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστι σφοδρὸς κατήγορος ὁ εὐαγγελιστής: τὸ γὰρ, Ἤρξατο, τοῦτό ἐστιν αἰνιττομένου. Εἰ δὲ καὶ ὁ Πέτρος πρῶτος ἦν, ἀλλ' εἰκὸς τὸν προδότην ἰταμὸν ὄντα, καὶ πρὸ τοῦ κορυφαίου κατακλιθῆναι. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἑτέρωθεν τὸ ἰταμὸν αὐτοῦ δείκνυται, ὅταν βάπτῃ μετὰ τοῦ Διδασκάλου, καὶ ὅταν ἐλεγχόμενος μὴ κατανύσσηται. Ἀλλ' ὁ μὲν Πέτρος ἅπαξ ἐπιτιμηθεὶς ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν, καὶ ταῦτα ἀπὸ φιλοστοργίας τὰ ῥήματα εἰπὼν, οὕτω συνεστάλη, ὡς καὶ ἀγωνιῶν καὶ τρέμων ἑτέρου δεηθῆναι πρὸς τὴν ἐρώτησιν: οὗτος δὲ συνεχῶς ἐλεγχόμενος οὐκ ᾐσθάνετο. Ὅτε γοῦν ἦλθε πρὸς τὸν Πέτρον, Λέγει αὐτῷ ἐκεῖνος: Κύριε, σύ μου νίπτεις τοὺς πόδας; Λέγει αὐτῷ: Ὃ ἐγὼ ποιῶ σὺ οὐκ οἶδας ἄρτι, γνώσῃ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα: τουτέστι, τὸ κέρδος ὅσον τὸ ἐκ τούτου, τὴν ὠφέλειαν τῆς διδασκαλίας, καὶ πῶς ἱκανὸν εἰς πᾶσαν ἀγαγεῖν ταπεινοφροσύνην ἡμᾶς. Τί οὖν ὁ Πέτρος; Ἔτι κωλύει, καὶ λέγει: Οὐ μὴ νίψῃς τοὺς πόδας μου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. Τί ποιεῖς, ὦ Πέτρε; οὐ μέμνησαι τῶν προτέρων ῥημάτων; οὐκ εἶπας, Ἵλεώς σοι, καὶ ἤκουσας, Ὕπαγε ὀπίσω μου, σατανᾶ: καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτω σωφρονίζῃ, ἀλλ' ἔτι σφοδρὸς εἶ; Ναὶ, φησί: πολὺ γὰρ τὸ γινόμενον καὶ ἐκπλήξεως γέμον. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἀπὸ πολλῆς ἀγάπης τοῦτο ἔπραττεν ἐκεῖνος, ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτῆς αὐτὸν χειροῦται πάλιν καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ ἐκεῖ σφοδρῶς ἐπιτιμήσας καὶ εἰπὼν, Σκάνδαλόν μοι εἶ: οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα λέγων, Ἐὰν μὴ νίψω σε, οὐκ ἔχεις μέρος μετ' ἐμοῦ. Τί οὖν ὁ θερμὸς καὶ διακαής; Κύριε, μὴ τοὺς πόδας μου μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς χεῖρας καὶ τὴν κεφαλήν. Καὶ ἐν τῇ παραιτήσει σφοδρὸς, καὶ ἐν τῇ συγχωρήσει σφοδρότερος γίνεται: ἑκάτερα δὲ ἐξ ἀγάπης. Διατί γὰρ οὐκ εἶπε, τίνος ἕνεκεν ἐποίει τοῦτο: ἀλλ' ἀπειλὴν ἐνέθεικεν; Ὅτι ἐκεῖνος μὲν οὐκ ἂν ἐπείσθη. Εἰ γὰρ εἶπεν, Ἔασον, διὰ γὰρ τούτου πείθω ὑμᾶς ταπεινοφρονεῖν, ὑπέσχετο ἂν μυριάκις τοῦτο, ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ τὸν Δεσπότην τοῦτο ποιῆσαι. Νῦν δὲ τί φησιν; Ὃ μάλιστα ἐδεδοίκει καὶ ἔτρεμε, τὸ διασχισθῆναι αὐτοῦ. Αὐτὸς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ συνεχῶς ἐρωτῶν, Ποῦ ὑπάγεις; Διόπερ καὶ ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν, φησὶ, δώσω ὑπὲρ σοῦ. Εἰ γὰρ ἀκούσας, ὅτι Οὐκ οἶδας ὃ ποιῶ ἐγὼ, γνώσῃ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα, οὐδὲ οὕτως ἀπέστη, πολλῷ μᾶλλον, εἰ ἔμαθε. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο εἶπε, Γνώσῃ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα, εἰδὼς, ὅτι ἐὰν νῦν μάθῃ, ἀντικείσεται ἔτι. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε, Δίδαξον οὖν με, ἵνα ἀφῶ: ἀλλ' ὃ πολλῷ σφοδρότερον ἦν, οὐδὲ μαθεῖν ἠνέσχετο, ἀλλ' ἐνίσταται πάλιν, λέγων: Οὐ μὴ νίψῃς μου τοὺς πόδας. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἠπείλησεν, εὐθέως ἐχάλασε τὸν τόνον. Τί δέ ἐστι, Γνώσῃ μετὰ ταῦτα; Μετὰ ταῦτα, πότε; Ὅταν τῷ ἐμῷ ὀνόματι δαιμόνια ἐκβάλῃς, φησίν: ὅταν ἴδῃς εἰς τοὺς οὐρανοὺς ἀναλαμβανόμενον: ὅταν παρὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος μάθῃς, ὅτι ἐκ δεξιῶν κάθημαι, τότε εἴσῃ τὸ νῦν γινόμενον. Τί οὖν ὁ Χριστός; Ἐπειδὴ εἶπεν ὁ Πέτρος, Μὴ τοὺς πόδας μου μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς χεῖρας καὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν, Ὁ λελουμένος, φησὶν, οὐ χρείαν ἔχει εἰ μὴ τοὺς πόδας νίψασθαι μόνον, ἀλλ' ἔστι καθαρὸς ὅλος. Καὶ ὑμεῖς καθαροί ἐστε, ἀλλ' οὐχὶ πάντες. Ἤ|δει γὰρ τὸν παραδιδόντα αὐτόν. Καὶ εἰ καθαροί εἰσι, τίνος ἕνεκεν νίπτεις τοὺς πόδας; Ὥστε ἡμᾶς μετριάζειν μαθεῖν. Διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἐφ' ἕτερον μέρος ἦλθεν, ἀλλ' ὃ τῶν ἄλλων ἀτιμότερον εἶναι δοκεῖ. Τί δέ ἐστιν, Ὁ λελουμένος; Ἀντὶ τοῦ, Ὁ καθαρός. Ἆρ' οὖν αὐτοὶ καθαροὶ ἦσαν; οἵ γε οὐδέπω τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἦσαν ἀπηλλαγμένοι, οὐδὲ Πνεύματος ἠξιωμένοι, ἅτε τῆς ἁμαρτίας ἔτι κρατούσης, τῆς κατάρας τοῦ χειρογράφου μένοντος, τοῦ ἱερείου οὐδέπω προσενεχθέντος; πῶς οὖν αὐτοὺς καθαροὺς εἶναι λέγει; Ἀλλ' ἵνα μὴ διὰ ταῦτα νομίσῃς αὐτοὺς καθαροὺς ὡς ἁμαρτημάτων ἀπηλλαγμένους, ἐπήγαγεν: Ἤδη ὑμεῖς καθαροί ἐστε διὰ τὸν λόγον ὃν ἐλάλησα ὑμῖν: τουτέστι, Ταύτῃ τέως ἐστὲ καθαροί. Ἤδη τὸ φῶς ἐδέξασθε, ἤδη τῆς πλάνης ἀπηλλάγητε τῆς Ἰουδαϊκῆς. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ προφήτης φησί: Λούσασθε, καθαροὶ γίνεσθε, ἀφέλετε τὰς πονηρίας ἀπὸ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν. Ὥστε ὁ τοιοῦτος λέλουται καὶ καθαρός ἐστι. Ἐπεὶ οὖν πᾶσαν πονηρίαν ἔῤῥιψαν ἀπὸ τῆς ψυχῆς ἐκεῖνοι, καὶ μετὰ εἰλικρινοῦς διανοίας συνῆσαν αὐτῷ, διὰ τοῦτό φησι κατὰ τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον, Ὁ λελουμένος ἤδη καθαρός ἐστι. Καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖ λουτρὸν οὐ τὸ δι' ὕδατος λέγει τὸ Ἰουδαϊκὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸν τῆς συνειδήσεως καθαρμόν. γʹ. Γενώμεθα τοίνυν καὶ ἡμεῖς καθαροί: μάθωμεν καλὸν ποιεῖν. Τί δέ ἐστι τὸ καλόν; Κρίνετε ὀρφανῷ, καὶ δικαιώσατε χήραν: καὶ δεῦτε, καὶ διαλεχθῶμεν, λέγει Κύριος. Πολὺς οὗτος ὁ λόγος ἐν ταῖς Γραφαῖς τῶν χηρῶν καὶ τῶν ὀρφανῶν: ἀλλ' ἡμῖν οὐδεὶς τούτου λόγος. Καίτοι γε ἐννόησον ἡλίκον τὸ ἔπαθλον. Ἐὰν ὦσι, φησὶν, αἱ ἁμαρτίαι ὑμῶν ὡς φοινικοῦν, ὡς χιόνα λευκανῶ: ἐὰν δὲ ὦσιν ὡς κόκκινον, ὡς ἔριον λευκανῶ. Καὶ γὰρ ἀπροστάτευτον ἡ χήρα: διὰ τοῦτο πολλὴν ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς ποιεῖται σπουδήν. Καὶ γὰρ παρὸν δευτέροις ὁμιλῆσαι γάμοις, διὰ τὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ φόβον τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς χηρείας ὑπομένουσι δεινά. Ὀρέγωμεν τοίνυν αὐταῖς χεῖρα ἅπαντες καὶ ἄνδρες καὶ γυναῖκες, ἵνα μή ποτε ὑποστῶμεν τὰ τῆς χηρείας δεινά. Κἂν ὑποστῶμεν, πολλὴν ἀποθώμεθα φιλανθρωπίας ἡμῖν ἀφορμήν. Οὐ μικρὰ δύναμις τῶν δακρύων τῆς χήρας ἐστὶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν οὐρανὸν διανοῖξαι δύναται. Μὴ τοίνυν αὐταῖς ἐπεμβαίνωμεν, μηδὲ χείρονα ποιῶμεν τὴν συμφορὰν, ἀλλὰ παντὶ τρόπῳ βοηθῶμεν. Ἂν οὕτω ποιῶμεν, πολλὴν ἑαυτοῖς περιβαλοῦμεν ἀσφάλειαν, καὶ κατὰ τὸν παρόντα καὶ κατὰ τὸν μέλλοντα αἰῶνα. Οὐ γὰρ ἐνταῦθα μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκεῖ ἡμῶν προστήσονται, τὰ πλείονα τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἡμῶν διὰ τῆς εἰς αὐτὰς εὐεργεσίας ὑποτεμνόμεναι, καὶ μετὰ παῤῥησίας ποιοῦσαι παραστῆναι τῷ βήματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ: οὗ γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.