Homily LXXI.

John xiii

“And He took1996   “So when He had washed their feet, and had taken,” &c., N.T.His garments, and having sat down again, said unto them, Know ye what I have done to you?” And what follows.

[1.] A grievous thing, beloved, a grievous thing it is to come to the depths of wickedness; for then the soul becomes hard to be restored. Wherefore we should use every exertion not to be taken at all;1997   τὴν ἀρχήν since it is easier not to fall in,1998   al. “fall away.” than having fallen to recover one’s self. Observe, for instance, when Judas had thrown himself into sin, how great assistance he enjoyed, yet not even so was he raised. Christ said to him, “One of you is a devil” ( c. vi. 71 ); He said, “Not all believe” ( c. vi. 65 ); He said, “I speak not of all,” and, “I know whom I have chosen” ( c. xiii. 18 ); and not one of these sayings doth he feel. Now when He had washed their feet, and taken His garments, and sat down, He said, “Know ye what I have done unto you?” He no longer addresseth Himself to Peter only, but to them all.

Ver. 13. “Ye call Me Lord1999   al. “the Christ.” and Master,2000   “Master and Lord,” N.T. and ye say well, for so I am.”

“Ye call Me.” He taketh to Him their judgment, and then that the words may not be thought to be words of their kindness, He addeth, “for so I am.” By introducing a saying of theirs,2001   al. “among them.” He maketh it not offensive, and by confirming it Himself when introduced from them, unsuspected. “For so I am,” He saith. Seest thou how when He converseth with the disciples, He speaketh revealing more what belongeth unto Himself? As He saith, “Call no man master on earth,2002   “be not ye called Rabbi,” N.T. for One is your guide”2003   καθηγητὴς ( Matt. xxiii. 8, 9 ), so also, “And call no man father upon earth.” But the “one” and “one”2004   i.e. one Master, one Father. is spoken not of the Father only, but of Himself also. For had He spoken excluding Himself, how saith He, “That ye may become the children of the light”? And again, if He called the Father only, “Master,” how saith He, “For so I am”; and again, “For one is your Guide, even Christ”? ( c. xii. 26.)

Ver. 14, 15. “If I then,” He saith, “your Lord2005   al. “the Christ.” and Master have washed your feet, ye ought also to wash one another’s feet. For I have given you an example, that ye should do as I have done to you.”

And yet it is not the same thing, for He is Lord and Master, but ye are fellow-servants one of another. What meaneth then the “as”? “With the same zeal.” For on this account He taketh instances from greater actions that we may, if so be, perform the less. Thus schoolmasters write the letters for children very beautifully, that they may come to imitate them though but in an inferior manner. Where now are they who spit on their fellow-servants? where now they who demand honors? Christ washed the feet of the traitor, the sacrilegious, the thief, and that close to the time of the betrayal, and incurable as he was, made him a partaker of His table; and art thou highminded, and dost thou draw up thine eyebrows? “Let us then wash one another’s feet,” saith some one, “then we must wash those of our domestics.” And what great thing if we do wash even those of our domestics? In our case2006   ἐ νταῦθα “slave” and “free” is a difference of words; but there an actual reality. For by nature He was Lord and we servants, yet even this2007   i.e. this humble office. He refused not at this time to do. But now it is matter for contentment if we do not treat free men as bondmen, as slaves bought with money. And what shall we say in that day,2008   τότε if after receiving proofs of such forbearance, we ourselves do not imitate them at all, but take the contrary part, being in diametrical opposition, lifted up, and not discharging the debt? For God hath made us debtors one to another, having first so done Himself, and hath made us debtors of a less amount. For He was our Lord, but we do it, if we do it at all, to our fellow-servants, a thing which He Himself implied by saying, “If I then your Lord and Master—so also do ye.” It would indeed naturally have followed to say, “How much more should ye servants,” but He left this to the conscience of the hearers.

[2.] But why hath He done this “now”? They were for the future to enjoy, some greater, some less honor. In order then that they may not exalt themselves one above the other, and say as they did before, “Who is the greatest” ( Matt. xviii. 1 ), nor be angry one against the other, He taketh down2009   al. “purgeth.” the high thoughts of them all, by saying, that “although thou mayest be very great, thou oughtest to have no high thoughts towards thy brother.” And He mentioned not the greater action, that “if I have washed the feet of the traitor, what great matter if ye one another’s?” but having exemplified this by deeds, He then left it to the judgment of the spectators. Therefore He said, “Whosoever shall do and teach, the same shall be called great” ( Matt. v. 19 ); for this is “to teach” a thing, actually to do it. What pride should not this remove? what kind of folly and insolence should it not annihilate!2010   κενώσειε He who sitteth upon the Cherubim washed the feet of the traitor, and dost thou, O man, thou that art earth and ashes and cinders and dust, dost thou exalt thyself, and art thou highminded? And how great a hell wouldest thou not deserve? If then thou desirest a high state of mind, come, I will show thee the way to it; for thou dost not even know what it is. The man then who gives heed to the present things as being great, is of a mean soul; so that there can neither be humility without greatness of soul, nor conceit except from littleness of soul. For as little children are eager for trifles, gaping upon balls and hoops and dice,2011   ἀ στραγάλους, square bones used as dice. but cannot even form an idea of important matters; so in this case, one who is truly wise, will deem present things as nothing, (so that he will neither choose to acquire them himself, nor to receive them from others;) but he who is not of such a character will be affected in a contrary way, intent upon cobwebs and shadows and dreams of things less substantial than these.

Ver. 16–18. “Verily I say unto you, the servant is not greater than his lord, neither he that is sent greater than he that sent him. If ye know these things, happy are ye if ye do them. I speak not of you all2012   “I speak not of you all, I know whom I have chosen,” N.T. —but that the Scripture may be fulfilled, He that eateth bread with Me hath lifted up his heel against Me.”

What He said before, this He saith here also, to shame them; “For if the servant is not greater than his master, nor he that is sent greater than him that sent him, and these things have been done by Me, much more ought they to be done by you.” Then, lest any one should say, “Why now sayest Thou these things? Do we not already know them?” He addeth this very thing, “I speak not to you as not knowing, but that by your actions ye may show forth the things spoken of.” For “to know,” belongeth to all; but “to do,” not to all. On this account He said, “Blessed are ye if ye do them”; and on this account I continually and ever say the same to you, although ye know it, that I may set you on the work. Since even Jews “know,” but yet they are not “blessed”; for they do not what they know.2013   αὐτὰ

“I speak not,” He saith, “of you all.” O what forbearance! Not yet doth He convict the traitor, but veileth the matter, hence giving him room for repentance. He convicteth and yet doth not convict him when He saith thus, “He that eateth bread with Me hath lifted up his heel against Me.” It seems to me that the, “The servant is not greater than his lord,” was uttered for this purpose also, that if any persons should at any time suffer harm either from domestics or from any of the meaner sort, they should not be offended; looking to the instance of Judas, who having enjoyed ten thousand good things, repaid his Benefactor with the contrary. On this account He added, “He that eateth bread with Me,” and letting pass all the rest, He hath put that which was most fitted to restrain and shame him; “he who was fed by Me,” He saith, “and who shared My table.” And He spake the words, to instruct them to benefit those who did evil to them, even though such persons should continue incurable.

But having said, “I speak not of you all,” in order not to attach fear to more than one,2014   lit. “to many.” He at last separateth the traitor, speaking thus; “He that eateth bread with Me.” For the, “not of you all,” doth not direct the words to any single one, therefore He added, “He that eateth bread with Me”; showing to that wretched one that He was not seized in ignorance, but even with full knowledge; a thing which of itself was most of all fitted to restrain him. And He said not, “betrayeth Me,” but, “hath lifted up his heel against Me,” desiring to represent the deceit, the treachery, the secrecy of the plot.

[3.] These things are written that we bear not malice towards those who injure us; but rebuke them and weep for them; for the fit subjects of weeping are not they who suffer, but they who do the wrong. The grasping man, the false accuser, and whoso worketh any other evil thing, do themselves the greatest injury, and us the greatest good, if we do not avenge ourselves. Such a case as this: some one has robbed thee; hast thou given thanks for the injury, and glorified God? by that thanksgiving thou hast gained ten thousand rewards, just as he hath gathered for himself fire unspeakable. But if any one say, “How then, if I ‘could’ not defend myself against him who wronged me, being weaker?” I would say this, that thou couldest have put into action the being discontented, the being impatient, (for these things are in our power,) the praying against him, who grieved you, the uttering ten thousand curses against him, the speaking ill of him to every one. He therefore who hath not done these things shall even be rewarded for not defending himself, since it is clear that even if he had had the power, he would not have done it. The injured man uses any weapon that comes to hand, when, being little of soul, he defends himself against one who has injured him, by curses, by abuse, by plotting. Do thou then not only not do these things, but even pray for him; for if thou do them not, but wilt even pray for him, thou art become like unto God. For, “pray,” it saith, “for them, that despitefully use you—that ye may be like unto2015   “the children of,” N.T. your Father which is in Heaven.” ( Matt. v. 44, 45.) Seest thou how we are the greatest gainers from the insolence of others? Nothing so delighteth God, as the not returning evil for evil? But what say I? Not returning evil for evil? Surely we are enjoined to return the opposite, benefits, prayers. Wherefore Christ also repaid him who was about to betray Him with everything opposite. He washed his feet, convicted him secretly, rebuked him sparingly, tended2016   ἐ θεράπευσε him, allowed him to share His table and His kiss, and not even by these2017   al. “by this.” was he made better; nevertheless (Christ) continued doing His own part.

But come, let us teach thee even from the example of servants, and (to make the lesson stronger) those in the Old (Testament), that thou mayest know that we have no ground of defense when we remember a wrong. Will you then that I tell you of Moses, or shall we go yet farther back? For the more ancient the instances that can be pointed out, the more are we surpassed. “Why so?” Because virtue was then more difficult. Those men had no written precepts, no patterns of living, but their nature fought, unarmed, by itself,2018   or, in its own way, καθ̓ ἑαυτὴν and was forced to float in all directions unballasted.2019   ἀ νερμάτιστος Wherefore also when praising Noah, God called him not simply perfect, but added, “in his generation” ( Gen. vii. 1 ); signifying, “at that time,” when there were many hindrances, since many others shone after him, yet will he have nothing less than they; for in his own time he was perfect. Who then before Moses was patient? The blessed and noble Joseph, who having shone by his chastity, shone no less by his long suffering. He was sold when he had done no wrong, but was waiting on others, and serving, and performing all the duties of domestics. They brought against him an evil accusation, and he did not defend himself, though he had his father on his side. Nay, he even went to carry food to them in the desert, and when he found them not, he did not despair or turn back, (yet he had an excuse for doing so had he chosen,) but remained near the wild beasts and those savage men, preserving the feeling of a true brother. Again, when he dwelt in the prison house, and was asked the cause, he spake no evil of them, but only, “I have done nothing,” and, “I was stolen out of the land of the Hebrews”; and after this again, when he was made lord, he nourished them, and delivered them from ten thousand dangers. If we be sober, the wickedness of our neighbor is not strong enough to cast us out of our own virtue. But those others were not like him; they both stripped him, and endeavored to kill him, and reproach him with his dream, though they had even received their meat from him, and planned to deprive him of life and of liberty. And they ate, and cared not for their brother lying naked in the pit. What could be worse than such brutality? Were they not worse than any number of murderers? And after this, having drawn him up, they gave him over to ten thousand deaths, selling him to barbarian and savage men, who were on their journey to barbarians. Yet he, when he became ruler, not only remitted them their punishment, but even acquitted them, as far at least as relating to himself, of their sin, calling what had been done a dispensation of God, not any wickedness of theirs; and the things which he did against them he did not as remembering evil, but in all these he dissembled, for his brother’s2020   i.e. Benjamin’s. sake. After this, when he saw them clinging to him, he straightway threw away the mask, and wept aloud, and embraced them, as though he had received the greatest benefits, he, who formerly was made away with by them, and he brought them all down into Egypt, and repaid them with ten thousand benefits. What excuse then shall we have, if after the Law, and after grace, and after the addition of so much heavenly wisdom, we do not even strive to rival him who lived before grace and before the Law? Who shall deliver us from punishment? For there is nothing, there is nothing more grievous than the remembrance of injuries. And this the man hath showed that owed ten thousand talents; from whom payment was at one time not demanded, at another time again demanded; not demanded, because of the lovingkindness of God; but demanded, because of his own wickedness, and because of his malice toward his fellow-servant. Knowing all which things, let us forgive our neighbors their trespasses, and repay them by deeds of an opposite kind, that we too may obtain mercy from God, through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory and dominion for ever and ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΟΑʹ. Καὶ ἔλαβε τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀναπεσὼν πά λιν, εἶπεν αὐτοῖς: Γινώσκετε τί πεποίηκα ὑμῖν; καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. αʹ. Χαλεπὸν, ἀγαπητοὶ, χαλεπὸν εἰς βάθος κακῶν ἐλθεῖν. Λοιπὸν γὰρ δυσδιόρθωτος ἡ ψυχὴ γίνεται. Διὰ τοῦτο χρὴ πάντα πράττειν, ὥστε μὴ ἁλῶναι τὴν ἀρχήν. Εὐκολώτερον γὰρ μὴ ἐμπεσεῖν, ἢ ἐμπεσόντα ἀνακτήσασθαι ἑαυτόν. Ὅρα γοῦν, ἐπειδὴ ἐνέβαλεν ἑαυτὸν ὁ Ἰούδας, πόσης ἀπολαύει βοηθείας, καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτω διανίσταται. Εἶπε πρὸς αὐτὸν, ὅτι Εἷς ἐξ ὑμῶν διάβολός ἐστιν: εἶπεν, ὅτι Οὐ πάντες πιστεύουσιν: εἶπεν, ὅτι Οὐ περὶ πάντων λέγω: καὶ, ὅτι Οἶδα ἐγὼ οὓς ἐξελεξάμην, καὶ οὐδενὸς τούτων αἰσθάνεται. Ὡς δὲ ἔνιψε τοὺς πόδας, καὶ ἀνέλαβε τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ, καὶ κατεκλίθη, φησί: Γινώσκετε τί πεποίηκα ὑμῖν; Οὐκέτι πρὸς Πέτρον μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς ἅπαντας διαλέγεται. Ὑμεῖς φωνεῖτέ με, Ὁ Κύριος καὶ ὁ διδάσκαλος: καὶ καλῶς λέγετε: εἰμὶ γάρ. Ὑμεῖς φωνεῖτέ με. Τὴν κρίσιν αὐτῶν προσλαμβάνει. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ τῆς ἐκείνων χάριτος εἶναι δόξῃ τὰ ῥήματα, ἐπάγει: Εἰμὶ γάρ. Τῷ μὲν οὖν παρ' αὐτῶν τὸν λόγον εἰσαγαγεῖν, εὐθέως ἀνεπαχθῆ ποιεῖ: τῷ δὲ παρ' ἐκείνων εἰσαχθέντα βεβαιῶσαι παρ' ἑαυτοῦ, ἀνύποπτον. Εἰμὶ γὰρ, φησίν. Ὁρᾷς ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς διαλέγηται, πῶς ἐκκαλύπτων τὰ καθ' ἑαυτὸν φθέγγεται μᾶλλον; Ὥσπερ οὖν λέγει, Μὴ καλέσητε διδάσκαλον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς: εἷς γὰρ ὑμῶν ἐστιν ὁ καθηγητής: οὕτω λέγει, Καὶ μὴ καλέσητε πατέρα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. Τὸ δὲ, Εἷς καὶ Εἷς, οὐ περὶ τοῦ Πατρὸς εἴρηται μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ αὐτοῦ. Εἰ γὰρ ἑαυτὸν ἐκβάλλων ἔλεγε, πῶς φησιν, Ἵνα υἱοὶ φωτὸς γένησθε; Καὶ πάλιν, εἰ διδάσκαλον μόνον ἔλεγε τὸν Πατέρα, πῶς λέγει, Εἰμὶ γάρ; καὶ πάλιν, Εἷς ἐστιν ὑμῶν ὁ καθηγητὴς, ὁ Χριστός; Εἰ οὖν ἐγὼ, φησὶν, ὁ Κύριος καὶ ὁ Διδάσκαλος, ἔνιψα ὑμῶν τοὺς πόδας, καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀλλήλους ὀφείλετε νίπτειν. Τοῦτο γὰρ ὑπόδειγμα ἔδωκα ὑμῖν, ἵνα καθὼς ἐγὼ ἐποίησα ὑμῖν, οὕτω καὶ ὑμεῖς ποιῆτε. Καὶ μὴν οὐκ ἔστι τὸ αὐτό. Αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ διδάσκαλος καὶ Κύριος, ὑμεῖς δὲ ἀλλήλων ὁμόδουλοι. Τί οὖν ἐστι τὸ, Οὕτω; Μετὰ τῆς αὐτῆς σπουδῆς. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο ἀπὸ τῶν μειζόνων πραγμάτων λαμβάνει τὰ παραδείγματα, ἵνα κἂν τὸ ἔλαττον ἐργασώμεθα. Καὶ γὰρ οἱ διδάσκαλοι τοῖς παισὶ τὰ γράμματα μετὰ πολλοῦ τοῦ κάλλους γράφουσιν, ἵνα κἂν πρὸς τὸ καταδεέστερον ἔλθωσι τῆς μιμήσεως. Ποῦ νῦν οἱ διαπτύοντες τοὺς ὁμοδούλους; ποῦ νῦν οἱ τὰς τιμὰς ἀπαιτοῦντες; Τοῦ προδότου τοὺς πόδας ὁ Χριστὸς ἔνιψε, τοῦ ἱεροσύλου καὶ κλέπτου, καὶ παρὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς προδοσίας, καὶ ἀνιάτως ἔχοντα τραπέζης κοινωνὸν ἐποίησε: καὶ σὺ μέγα φρονεῖς καὶ τὰς ὀφρῦς ἀνασπᾷς; Τοὺς πόδας οὖν ἀλλήλων νίπτωμεν, φησίν: οὐκοῦν καὶ τῶν οἰκετῶν. Καὶ τί μέγα, εἰ καὶ τῶν οἰκετῶν; Ἐνταῦθα μὲν γὰρ ὁ δοῦλος καὶ ὁ ἐλεύθερος, ὀνομάτων ἐστὶ διαφορά: ἐκεῖ δὲ, πραγμάτων ἀλήθεια. Φύσει γὰρ αὐτὸς Κύριος ἦν, καὶ ἡμεῖς δοῦλοι, καὶ οὐδὲ τοῦτο παρῃτήσατο νῦν ποιεῖν. Νυνὶ δὲ ἀγαπητὸν, εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἐλευθέροις ὡς δούλοις ἡμεῖς χρησαίμεθα, ὡς ἀνδραπόδοις ἀργυρωνήτοις. Καὶ τί ἐροῦμεν τότε, τοσαύτης μὲν ἀνεξικακίας ὑποδείγματα λαβόντες, αὐτοὶ δὲ οὐδὲ μικρὸν μιμούμενοι, ἀλλ' ἐξ ἐναντίας ἑστῶτες, καὶ πρὸς διάμετρον ἐπαιρόμενοι, καὶ τὴν ὀφειλὴν οὐκ ἀποδιδόντες; Ὀφειλέτας γὰρ ἡμᾶς ἀλλήλων κατέστησεν ὁ Θεὸς, αὐτὸς κατάρξας τούτου, καὶ ὀφειλέτας ἐλάττονος μοίρας. Αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ Κύριος ἦν: ἡμεῖς δὲ πρὸς τοὺς συνδούλους τοῦτο ποιοῦμεν, ἐὰν ποιήσωμεν. Ὃ δὴ καὶ αὐτὸ ᾐνίξατο διὰ τοῦ εἰπεῖν: Εἰ οὖν ἐγὼ, ὁ Κύριος καὶ ὁ Διδάσκαλος: καὶ πάλιν, Οὕτω καὶ ὑμεῖς. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἀκόλουθον ἦν εἰπεῖν, Πόσῳ μᾶλλον ἡμεῖς οἱ δοῦλοι: ἀλλ' ἀφῆκεν αὐτὸ τῷ συνειδότι τῶν ἀκροωμένων. Τί δήποτε δὲ αὐτὸ νῦν πεποίηκεν; Ἔμελλον λοιπὸν τιμῆς ἀπολαύσεσθαι, οἱ μὲν πλείονος, οἱ δὲ ἐλάττονος. βʹ. Ἵν' οὖν μὴ κατ' ἀλλήλων ἐπαίρωνται, καὶ ταῦτα λέγωσιν ἃ καὶ πρὸ τούτου, Τίς ἐστι μείζων; μηδὲ ἀγανακτῶσι πρὸς ἀλλήλους, πάντων αὐτῶν καθαιρεῖ τὰ φρονήματα, λέγων, ὅτι Κἂν σφόδρα ᾖς μέγας, ὀφείλεις ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ μηδὲν μέγα φρονεῖν. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε τὸ μεῖζον, ὅτι Εἰ ἐγὼ τοῦ προδότου τοὺς πόδας ἔνιψα, τί μέγα, ἂν ὑμεῖς τοὺς ἀλλήλων; ἀλλὰ διὰ τῶν ἔργων αὐτὸ δηλώσας, εἴασεν ἐν τῇ κρίσει τῶν θεωμένων λοιπόν. Διὰ τοῦτο ἔλεγεν, Ὃς ἂν ποιήσῃ καὶ διδάξῃ, οὗτος μέγας κληθήσεται. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ διδάξαι, τὸ διὰ τῶν ἔργων αὐτὸ ποιεῖν. Τίνα γὰρ οὐκ ἂν τοῦτο τῦφον καθέλοι; ποίαν οὐκ ἂν κενώσειεν ἀπόνοιαν καὶ ἀλαζονείαν; Ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ τῶν Χερουβὶμ, τοὺς πόδας ἔνιψε τοῦ προδότου: σὺ δὲ, ἄνθρωπε, γῆ καὶ σποδὸς ὢν, καὶ τέφρα, καὶ κόνις, ἐπαίρεις σεαυτὸν καὶ μέγα φρονεῖς; καὶ πόσης οὐκ ἂν εἴης ἄξιος γεέννης; Εἰ οὖν ὄντως ἐπιθυμεῖς μεγάλου φρονήματος, δεῦρο, ἐγώ σοι δείξω ὁδόν: οὐδὲ γὰρ οἶδας τί ποτέ ἐστι. Ὁ τοίνυν τοῖς παροῦσιν ὡς μεγάλοις προσέχων, οὗτος ψυχῆς ἐστιν εὐτελοῦς. Ὥστε οὐδὲ ταπεινοφροσύνη γένοιτ' ἂν, εἰ μὴ μετὰ μεγαλοψυχίας: οὐδὲ φύσημα, εἰ μὴ ἀπὸ μικροψυχίας. Καθάπερ γὰρ οἱ παῖδες οἱ μικροὶ πρὸς τὰ εὐτελῆ τῶν πραγμάτων ἐπτόηνται, πρὸς σφαίρας καὶ τροχοὺς καὶ ἀστραγάλους κεχηνότες, τῶν δὲ μεγάλων οὐδὲ ἔννοιαν λαβεῖν δύνανται: οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα ὁ μὲν φιλοσοφῶν οὐδὲν ἡγήσεται τὰ παρόντα (οὐκοῦν οὐδὲ αὐτὸς αἱρήσεται κατασχεῖν, οὐδὲ παρ' ἑτέρου αὐτὰ λαβεῖν) ὁ δὲ μὴ τοιοῦτος ἐναντία πείσεται, πρὸς ἀράχνας, καὶ σκιὰς, καὶ ὀνείρατα, καὶ τὰ τούτων ἀδρανέστερα πράγματα ἐπτοημένος. Ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, οὐκ ἔστι δοῦλος μείζων τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ, οὐδὲ ἀπόστολος μείζων τοῦ πέμψαντος αὐτόν. Εἰ ταῦτα οἴδατε, μακάριοί ἐστε ἐὰν ποιῆτε αὐτά. Οὐ περὶ πάντων ὑμῶν λέγω, ἀλλ' ἵνα ἡ Γραφὴ πληρωθῇ, ὅτι Ὁ τρώγων μετ' ἐμοῦ τὸν ἄρτον, ἐπῆρεν ἐπ' ἐμὲ τὴν πτέρναν αὐτοῦ. Ὃ ἀνωτέρω εἶπε, τοῦτο καὶ ἐνταῦθα λέγει ἐντρέπων. Εἰ γὰρ οὐκ ἔστι δοῦλος μείζων τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ, οὐδὲ ἀπόστολος μείζων τοῦ πέμψαντος αὐτὸν, παρ' ἐμοῦ δὲ ταῦτα γέγονε, πολλῷ μᾶλλον χρὴ ταῦτα παρ' ὑμῶν γενέσθαι. Εἶτα ἵνα μή τις εἴπῃ, Τί δήποτε ταῦτα λέγεις; νῦν γὰρ οὐκ οἴδαμεν: προσέθηκε τοῦτο αὐτό: Οὐχ ὡς ἀγνοοῦσι ταῦτα λέγω, ἀλλ' ἵνα διὰ τῶν ἔργων ἐπιδείξητε τὰ λεγόμενα. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ εἰδέναι, πάντων: τὸ δὲ ποιεῖν, οὐ πάντων. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο εἶπε, Μακάριοί ἐστε ἐὰν ποιῆτε αὐτά. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο αὐτὸ συνεχῶς καὶ ἐγὼ ἀεὶ λέγω, καίτοι γε εἰδότων ὑμῶν, ἵνα εἰς τὸ ἔργον ὑμᾶς ἐμβιβάσω. Ἐπεὶ καὶ Ἰουδαῖοι οἴδασιν, ἀλλ' οὐκ εἰσὶ μακάριοι: οὐ γὰρ ποιοῦσιν αὐτά. Οὐ περὶ πάντων, φησὶν, ὑμῶν λέγω. Βαβαὶ τῆς ἀνεξικακίας! οὐδέπω τὸν προδότην ἐλέγχει, ἀλλὰ συσκιάζει τὸ πρᾶγμα, ἐντεῦθεν διδοὺς αὐτῷ μετανοίας χώραν. Καὶ ἐλέγχει, καὶ οὐκ ἐλέγχει, οὕτω λέγων: Ὁ τρώγων μετ' ἐμοῦ τὸν ἄρτον, ἐπῆρεν ἐπ' ἐμὲ πτέρναν. Δοκεῖ δέ μοι καὶ τὸ, Οὐκ ἔστι δοῦλος μείζων τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ, καὶ πρὸς τοῦτο εἰρῆσθαι, ἵνα εἴ ποτε παρὰ οἰκετῶν, ἢ παρά τινων εὐτελεστέρων πάθοιέν τινες κακὸν, μὴ σκανδαλίζωνται, εἰς τὸ κατὰ τὸν Ἰούδαν ἀφορῶντες παράδειγμα, ὃς μυρίων ἀπολαύσας ἀγαθῶν, τοῖς ἐναντίοις ἠμείβετο τὸν εὐεργέτην. Διὸ καὶ ἐπήγαγεν: Ὁ τρώγων μετ' ἐμοῦ ἄρτον: καὶ πάντα τὰ ἄλλα παρεὶς, τοῦτο, ὃ μάλιστα ἱκανὸν ἦν αὐτὸν κατασχεῖν καὶ ἐντρέψαι, τέθεικεν. Ὁ παρ' ἐμοῦ τρεφόμενος, ὁ παρ' ἐμοῦ τραπέζης κοινωνῶν, φησί. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγε, παιδεύων αὐτοὺς τοὺς κακῶς ποιοῦντας εὐεργετεῖν, κἂν μένωσιν ἀνιάτως ἔχοντες. Εἰπὼν δὲ, Οὐ περὶ πάντων ὑμῶν λέγω, ἵνα μὴ εἰς πολλοὺς περιστήσῃ τὸ δέος, ἀποσχίζει λοιπὸν αὐτὸν, οὕτω λέγων: Ὁ τρώγων μετ' ἐμοῦ τὸν ἄρτον. Τὸ γὰρ, Οὐ περὶ πάντων, οὐ πάντως εἰς ἕνα περιίστη τὸν λόγον: διὸ ἐπήγαγεν: Ὁ τρώγων μετ' ἐμοῦ τὸν ἄρτον, δεικνὺς ἐκείνῳ τῷ ταλαιπώρῳ, ὅτι οὐκ ἀγνοῶν συλλαμβάνεται, ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα εἰδώς: ὃ καὶ αὐτὸ μάλιστα πάντων ἱκανὸν ἦν αὐτὸν κατασχεῖν. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε, Παραδίδωσιν ἐμὲ, ἀλλ', Ἦρεν ἐπ' ἐμὲ πτερνισμόν: τὸ δολερὸν καὶ ὕπουλον καὶ λαθραῖον τῆς ἐπιβουλῆς παραστῆσαι βουλόμενος. γʹ. Ταῦτα δὲ γέγραπται, ἵνα μὴ μνησικακῶμεν τοῖς ἀδικοῦσιν, ἀλλ' ἐλέγχωμεν αὐτοὺς καὶ θρηνῶμεν. Θρήνων γὰρ ἄξιοι, οὐχ οἱ πάσχοντες, ἀλλ' οἱ ποιοῦντες κακῶς. Ἑαυτοὺς μὲν γὰρ μέγιστα ἀδικοῦσιν ὅ τε πλεονέκτης, ὅ τε συκοφάντης, ὅ τε ἕτερόν τι κακὸν ἐργαζόμενος: ἡμᾶς δὲ ὠφελοῦσι τὰ μέγιστα ἐὰν μὴ ἑαυτοὺς ἐκδικῶμεν. Οἷόν τι λέγω: Ἥρπασεν ὁ δεῖνα; ηὐχαρίστησας ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀδικίας σὺ, καὶ ἐδόξασας τὸν Θεόν; Μυρίους διὰ τῆς εὐχαριστίας ἐκείνης ἐκαρπώσω μισθούς: ὥσπερ οὖν ἐκεῖνος ἄφατον ἑαυτῷ συνήγαγε πῦρ. Εἰ δὲ λέγοι τις: Τί γὰρ, εἰ μὴ ἠδυνάμην ἀμύνασθαι τὸν ἀδικήσαντα; ἀσθενέστερος ὤν; ἐκεῖνο ἂν εἴποιμι, ὅτι Ἠδύνασο πρᾶξαι τὸ δυσχερᾶναι, τὸ ἀποδυσπετῆσαι: ταῦτα γὰρ ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ ἡμῶν, τὸ κατεύξασθαι τοῦ λελυπηκότος, τὸ καταράσασθαι αὐτῷ μυρία, τὸ πρὸς πάντας διαβαλεῖν. Ὁ τοίνυν ταῦτα μὴ ποιήσας, καὶ τοῦ μὴ ἀμύνασθαι μισθὸν λήψεται. Δῆλον γὰρ ὅτι καὶ ἐκείνου κύριος ὢν, οὐκ ἂν ἐποίησεν. Ὁ γὰρ ἠδικημένος, τῷ παρατυχόντι κέχρηται ὅπλῳ, ὅταν μικρόψυχος ὢν, κατάραις, λοιδορίαις, ἐπιβουλαῖς ἀμύνηται τὸν ἠδικηκότα. Ταῦτα τοίνυν καὶ σὺ μὴ ποιήσῃς μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ εὖξαι περὶ αὐτοῦ: καὶ γὰρ ἂν ταῦτα μὴ ποιήσῃς μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ εὔξῃ ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ, τῷ Θεῷ γέγονας ὅμοιος. Εὔχεσθε γὰρ, φησὶν, ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐπηρεαζόντων ὑμᾶς, ὅπως γένησθε ὅμοιοι τῷ Πατρὶ ὑμῶν τῷ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. Ὁρᾷς πῶς μέγιστα κερδαίνομεν ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν ἑτέρων ἐπηρείας; Οὐδὲν οὕτω τὸν Θεὸν εὐφραίνει, ὡς τὸ μὴ ἀποδιδόναι κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ. Καὶ τί λέγω, μὴ ἀποδιδόναι κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ; Τἀναντία μὲν οὖν ἀποδιδόναι ἐπετάγημεν, εὐεργεσίας εὐχάς. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς τὸν μέλλοντα αὐτὸν προδιδόναι τοῖς ἐναντίοις πᾶσιν ἠμείψατο: οἷον, τοὺς πόδας ἔνιπτεν, ἤλεγχε λάθρα, φειδομένως ἔπληττεν, ἐθεράπευσε, τραπέζης καὶ φιλήματος μετεδίδου: καὶ οὐδὲ τούτοις ἐγένετο βελτίων, καὶ ὅμως παρέμενεν αὐτὸς τὰ ἑαυτοῦ ποιῶν. Ἀλλὰ φέρε καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν δούλων σε παιδεύσωμεν, καὶ ἐκ περιουσίας τῶν ἐν τῇ Παλαιᾷ, ἵνα εἰδῇς οὐδεμίαν ἔχοντας ἡμᾶς ἀπολογίας ἀφορμὴν, ὅταν μνησικακῶμεν. Βούλεσθε οὖν εἴπω Μωϋσέα, ἢ ἔτι τὸν λόγον ἀνωτέρω ἀγάγωμεν; Ὅσῳ γὰρ ἂν ἀρχαιότερα δειχθῇ τὰ παραδείγματα, τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον ἡμεῖς νικώμεθα. Τί δήποτε δέ; Ὅτι τότε δυσκολωτέρα ἦν ἡ ἀρετή. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ὑποθήκας ἐγγράφους εἶχον ἐκεῖνοι τότε, οὐ βίων παραδείγματα: ἀλλὰ γυμνὴ καθ' ἑαυτὴν ἡ φύσις ἠγωνίζετο, καὶ ἀνερμάτιστος πανταχοῦ νήχεσθαι ἠναγκάζετο. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὸν Νῶε ἐπαινῶν, οὐχ ἁπλῶς τέλειον ἐκάλεσεν, ἀλλὰ προσέθηκεν, Ἐν τῇ γενεᾷ αὐτοῦ, δηλῶν, ὅτι ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ χρόνῳ, ὅτε πολλὰ τὰ κωλύματα ἦν: ἐπεὶ μετ' αὐτὸν ἔλαμψαν ἕτεροι, καὶ ὅμως οὐδὲν ἔλαττον αὐτῶν ἕξει. Ἐν γὰρ τοῖς χρόνοις αὐτοῦ τέλειος ἦν. Τίς οὖν πρὸ Μωϋσέως μακρόθυμος; Ὁ μακάριος καὶ γενναῖος Ἰωσὴφ, ὃς τῇ σωφροσύνῃ λάμψας, οὐκ ἔλαττον ἔλαμψε τῇ μακροθυμίᾳ. Ἐπράθη γὰρ οὐδὲν ἠδικηκὼς, ἀλλὰ θεραπεύων, δουλεύων, τὰ οἰκετῶν πάντα ἐπιδεικνύμενος. Κατήνεγκαν γοῦν αὐτῷ ψόγον πονηρὸν, καὶ οὐκ ἠμύνατο, καίτοι τὸν πατέρα ἔχων μεθ' ἑαυτοῦ: ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπῆλθε κομίζων αὐτοῖς εἰς τὴν ἔρημον τροφήν: καὶ οὐχ εὑρὼν αὐτοὺς, οὐ περιεκάκησεν, οὐδὲ ὑπέστρεψε (καίτοι γε εἶχε πρόφασιν, εἴ γε ἐβούλετο), ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὰ θηρία καὶ τοὺς ὠμοὺς ἐκείνους ἔμενεν ἀδελφοῦ γνησίου φυλάττων προαίρεσιν. Πάλιν τὸ δεσμωτήριον οἰκήσας, καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν ἐρωτηθεὶς, οὐδὲν εἶπε περὶ αὐτῶν πονηρὸν, ἀλλ' ὅτι Οὐδὲν ἐποίησα, καὶ, Κλοπῇ ἐκλάπην ἐκ γῆς Ἑβραίων. Καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα πάλιν γενόμενος κύριος, καὶ ἔθρεψε, καὶ ἀπήλλαξε μυρίων δεινῶν. Ἂν γὰρ νήφωμεν, οὐκ ἰσχύει τοῦ πλησίον ἡ κακία τῆς ἀρετῆς ἡμᾶς ἐκβαλεῖν τῆς ἑαυτῶν. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐκεῖνοι τοιοῦτοι: ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπέδυσαν, καὶ ἀνελεῖν ἐπεχείρησαν καὶ ὀνειδίζουσι τὸ ἐνύπνιον, καίτοι καὶ τροφὴν παρ' αὐτοῦ κομισάμενοι, καὶ ζωῆς καὶ ἐλευθερίας αὐτὸν ἐκβαλεῖν ἐπεχείρουν. Καὶ οἱ μὲν ἤσθιον, τὸν δὲ ἀδελφὸν περιεώρων ἐν λάκκῳ γυμνὸν ἐῤῥιμμένον. Τί ταύτης τῆς θηριωδίας γένοιτ' ἂν χεῖρον; πόσων ἀνδροφόνων οὐκ ἦσαν χείρους; Καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα δὲ αὐτὸν ἀνελκύσαντες, μυρίοις θανάτοις παρέδωκαν, ἀνθρώποις βαρβάροις καὶ ἀγρίοις αὐτὸν ἀποδόμενοι πρὸς βαρβάρους μέλλουσιν ἀπιέναι. Ἀλλ' αὐτὸς γενόμενος βασιλεὺς, οὐ μόνον τὴν τιμωρίαν αὐτοῖς ἀφῆκεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας αὐτοὺς, τό γε εἰς αὐτὸν ἧκον, ἀπήλλαξεν, οἰκονομίαν Θεοῦ τὰ γεγενημένα καλῶν, οὐ πονηρίαν ἐκείνων. Καὶ ἅπερ δὲ ἐποίησεν εἰς αὐτοὺς, οὐ μνησικακῶν, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ταῦτα πάντα ὑπεκρίνατο. Μετὰ γοῦν ταῦτα ἐπειδὴ εἶδεν ἀντεχομένους αὐτοῦ, ἔῤῥιψε τὸ προσωπεῖον εὐθέως καὶ ὠλόλυξε καὶ περιεπτύξατο ὡς τὰ μέγιστα εὐηργετημένος, ὁ πάλαι παρ' αὐτῶν ἀνῃρημένος: καὶ πάντας αὐτοὺς εἰς Αἴγυπτον κατήγαγε, καὶ μυρίαις εὐεργεσίαις ἠμείψατο. Τίνα οὖν ἕξομεν ἀπολογίαν μετὰ νόμον καὶ χάριν καὶ τοσαύτης φιλοσοφίας ἐπίδοσιν, μηδὲ τὸν πρὸ τῆς χάριτος καὶ τοῦ νόμου ζηλώσαντες; τίς ἡμᾶς ἐξαιρήσεται τῆς κολάσεως; Οὐ γὰρ ἔστι, οὐκ ἔστι τι μνησικακίας χαλεπώτερον. Καὶ τοῦτο ἐδήλωσεν ὁ τὰ μυρία τάλαντα ὀφείλων: εἶτα οὐκ ἀπαιτηθεὶς καὶ πάλιν ἀπαιτηθείς: οὐκ ἀπαιτηθεὶς μὲν, διὰ τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ φιλανθρωπίαν: ἀπαιτηθεὶς δὲ διὰ τὴν οἰκείαν πονηρίαν, καὶ τὸ μνησικακῆσαι τῷ συνδούλῳ. Ἅπερ πάντα μαθόντες, ἀφῶμεν τοῖς πλησίον τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, καὶ τοῖς ἐναντίοις αὐτοὺς ἀμειβώμεθα, ἵνα καὶ τῆς παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τύχωμεν φιλανθρωπίας, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.