Chapter 39.—To Which of the Above-Mentioned Studies Attention Should Be Given, and in What Spirit.

58. Accordingly, I think that it is well to warn studious and able young men, who fear God and are seeking for happiness of life, not to venture heedlessly upon the pursuit of the branches of learning that are in vogue beyond the pale of the Church of Christ, as if these could secure for them the happiness they seek; but soberly and carefully to discriminate among them.  And if they find any of those which have been instituted by men varying by reason of the varying pleasure of their founders, and unknown by reason of erroneous conjectures, especially if they involve entering into fellowship with devils by means of leagues and covenants about signs, let these be utterly rejected and held in detestation.  Let the young men also withdraw their attention from such institutions of men as are unnecessary and luxurious.  But for the sake of the necessities of this life we must not neglect the arrangements of men that enable us to carry on intercourse with those around us.  I think, however, there is nothing useful in the other branches of learning that are found among the heathen, except information about objects, either past or present, that relate to the bodily senses, in which are included also the experiments and conclusions of the useful mechanical arts, except also the sciences of reasoning and of number.  And in regard to all these we must hold by the maxim, “Not too much of anything;” especially in the case of those which, pertaining as they do to the senses, are subject to the relations of space and time.115    Ne quid nimis.—Terence, Andria, act i. scene 1.

59.  What, then, some men have done in regard to all words and names found in Scripture, in the Hebrew, and Syriac, and Egyptian, and other tongues, taking up and interpreting separately such as were left in Scripture without interpretation; and what Eusebius has done in regard to the history of the past with a view to the questions arising in Scripture that require a knowledge of history for their solution;—what, I say, these men have done in regard to matters of this kind, making it unnecessary for the Christian to spend his strength on many subjects for the sake of a few items of knowledge, the same, I think, might be done in regard to other matters, if any competent man were willing in a spirit of benevolence to undertake the labor for the advantage of his brethren.  In this way he might arrange in their several classes, and give an account of the unknown places, and animals, and plants, and trees, and stones, and metals, and other species of things that are mentioned in Scripture, taking up these only, and committing his account to writing.  This might also be done in relation to numbers, so that the theory of those numbers, and those only, which are mentioned in Holy Scripture, might be explained and written down.  And it may happen that some or all of these things have been done already (as I have found that many things I had no notion of have been worked out and committed to writing by good and learned Christians), but are either lost amid the crowds of the careless, or are kept out of sight by the envious.  And I am not sure whether the same thing can be done in regard to the theory of reasoning; but it seems to me it cannot, because this runs like a system of nerves through the whole structure of Scripture, and on that account is of more service to the reader in disentangling and explaining ambiguous passages, of which I shall speak hereafter, than in ascertaining the meaning of unknown signs, the topic I am now discussing.

CAPUT XXXIX. Quibus ex supra notatis disciplinis quove animo danda opera. Leges humanae.

58. Quamobrem videtur mihi studiosis et ingeniosis adolescentibus, et timentibus Deum, beatamque vitam quaerentibus, salubriter praecipi ut nullas doctrinas quae praeter Ecclesiam Christi exercentur, tanquam ad beatam vitam capessendam secure sequi audeant, sed eas sobrie diligenterque dijudicent: et si quas invenerint ab hominibus institutas, varias propter diversam voluntatem instituentium, et ignotas propter suspiciones errantium, maxime si habent etiam cum daemonibus initam societatem per quarumdam signi cationum quasi quaedam pacta atque conventa; repudient penitus et detestentur; alienent etiam studium a superfluis et luxuriosis hominum institutis. Illa vero instituta hominum, quae ad societatem conviventium valent, pro ipsa hujus vitae necessitate non negligant. In caeteris autem doctrinis, quae apud gentes inveniuntur, praeter historiam rerum, vel praeteriti temporis vel praesentis, ad sensus corporis pertinentium, quibus etiam utilium artium corporalium experimenta et conjecturae annumerantur, et praeter rationem disputationis et numeri, nihil utile esse arbitror. In quibus omnibus tenendum est, Ne quid nimis; (Terent. in Andr., act. 1, scen. 1.)et maxime in iis quae ad corporis sensus pertinentia, volvuntur temporibus, et continentur locis.

59. Sicut autem quidam de verbis omnibus et nominibus hebraeis, et syris, et aegyptiis, vel si qua alia lingua in Scripturis sanctis inveniri potest, quae in eis sine interpretatione sunt posita, fecerunt, ut ea separatim interpretarentur; et quod Eusebius fecit de temporum historia propter divinorum Librorum quaestiones, quae usum ejus flagitant: quod ergo hi fecerunt de his rebus, ut non sit necesse christiano in multis propter pauca laborare; sic video posse fieri, si quem eorum qui possunt, benignam sane operam fraternae utilitati delectet impendere, ut quoscumque terrarum locos, quaeve animalia vel herbas atque arbores sive lapides vel metalla incognita, speciesque quaslibet Scriptura commemorat, ea generatim digerens, sola exposita litteris mandet. Potest etiam de numeris fieri, ut eorum tantummodo numerorum exposita ratio conscribatur, quos divina Scriptura meminit. Quorum aliqua aut omnia forte jam facta sunt, sicut multa quae a bonis doctisque christianis elaborata atque conscripta non arbitrabamur, invenimus ; sed sive propter turbas negligentium, sive propter invidorum occultationes latent. Quod utrum de ratione disputandi fieri possit, ignoro: et videtur mihi non posse, quia per totum textum Scripturarum colligata est nervorum vice; et ideo magis ad ambigua solvenda 0063 et explicanda, de quibus post loquemur, legentes adjuvat, quam ad incognita signa, de quibus nunc agimus, cognoscenda.