Homily LXXXV.

John xix. 16–18

“Then delivered he Him therefore unto them to be crucified. And they took Jesus, and led Him away. And He, bearing His Cross, went forth into a place called the place of a skull,2469   “place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew, Golgotha.” N.T.where they crucified Him.”2470   “Him, and two others with Him, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst.” N.T.

[1.] Successes have terrible power to cast down or draw aside those who take not heed. Thus the Jews, who at first enjoyed the influence2471   ῥ οπῆς of God, sought the law of royalty from the Gentiles, and in the wilderness after the manna remembered the onions. In the same way here, refusing the Kingdom of Christ, they invited to themselves that of Cæsar. Wherefore God set a king over them, according to their own decision. When then Pilate heard these things, he delivered Him to be crucified. Utterly without reason. For when he ought to have enquired whether Christ had aimed at sovereign power, he pronounced the sentence through fear alone. Yet that this might not befall him, Christ said beforehand, “My kingdom is not of this world”; but he having given himself wholly up to present things, would practice no great amount of wisdom. And yet his wife’s dream should have been sufficient to terrify him; but by none of these things was he made better, nor did he look to heaven, but delivered Him up. And now they laid the cross upon Him as a malefactor. For even the wood they abominated, and endured not even to touch it. This was also the case in the type; for Isaac bare the wood. But then the matter stopped at the will of his father,2472   i.e. only showed Abraham’s willingness. for it was the type; while here it proceeded to action, for it was the reality.

“And He came to the place of a skull.” Some say that Adam died there, and there lieth; and that Jesus in this place where death had reigned, there also set up the trophy. For He went forth bearing the Cross as a trophy over the tyranny of death: and as conquerors do, so He bare upon His shoulders the symbol of victory. What matter if the Jews did2473   al. “ordered.” these things with a different intent. They crucified Him too with thieves, in this also unintentionally fulfilling prophecy; for what they did for insult contributed to the truth, that thou mayest learn how great is its power, since the Prophet had foretold of old, that “He was numbered with the transgressors.” ( Isa. liii. 12.) The devil therefore wished to cast a veil over what was done, but was unable; for the three were crucified, but Jesus alone was glorious, that thou mayest learn, that His power effected all. Yet the miracles took place when the three had been nailed to the cross; but no one attributed anything of what was done to either of those others, but to Jesus only; so entirely was the plot of the devil rendered vain,2474   ἕ ωλος, lit. “stale.” and all returned upon his own head. For even of these two, one was saved. He therefore did not insult the glory of the Cross,2475   al. “the Crucified.” but contributed to it not a little. For it was not a less matter than shaking the rocks, to change a thief upon the cross, and to bring him unto Paradise.

Ver. 19. “And Pilate wrote a title.”2476    Ver. 19, 20. “And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the Cross, and the writing was, Jesus of Nazareth the King of the Jews. This title then read many of the Jews, for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city, and it was written in Hebrew, and Greek, and Latin.”

At the same time requiting the Jews, and making a defense for Christ. For since they had given Him up as worthless, and attempted to confirm this sentence by making Him share the punishment of the robbers, in order that for the future it might be in no man’s power to prefer evil charges against him, or to accuse him as a worthless and wicked person, to close moreover their mouths and the mouths of all who might desire to accuse Him, and to show that they had risen up against their own King, Pilate thus placed, as on a trophy, those letters, which utter a clear voice, and show forth His Victory, and proclaim His Kingdom, though not in its completeness. And this he made manifest not in a single tongue, but in three languages; for since it was likely that there would be a mixed multitude among the Jews on account of the Feast, in order that none might be ignorant of the defense, he publicly recorded2477   lit. “inscribed on a pillar.” the madness of the Jews, in all the languages. For they bore malice against Him even when crucified.2478    Ver. 21, 22. “Then said the chief priests of the Jews to Pilate, Write not, The King of the Jews, but that he said, I am King of the Jews. Pilate answered, What I have written, I have written.” N.T. “Yet what did this harm you?2479   to the Jews. Nothing. For if He was a mortal and weak, and was about to become extinct, why did ye fear the letters asserting that He is the King of the Jews?” And what do they ask? “Say that ‘he said.’ For now it is an assertion, and a general sentence, but if ‘he said’ be added, the charge is shown to be one arising from his own rashness and arrogance.” Still Pilate was not turned aside, but stood to his first decision. And it is no little thing that is dispensed even from this circumstance, but the whole matter. For since the wood of the cross was buried, because no one was careful to take it up, inasmuch as fear was pressing, and the believers were hurrying to other urgent matters; and since it was in after times to be sought for, and it was likely that the three crosses would lie together, in order that the Lord’s might not be unknown, it was made manifest to all, first by its lying in the middle, and then by the title. For those of the thieves had no titles.

[2.] The soldiers parted the garments, but not the coat.2480    Ver. 23, 24. “Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took His garments, and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also His coat; now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout. They said therefore among themselves, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be, that the Scripture might be fulfilled which saith, They parted My raiment among them, and for My vesture they did cast lots.” N.T. See the prophecies in every instance fulfilled by their wickednesses; for this also had been predicted of old; yet there were three crucified, but the matters of the prophecies2481   al. “of the prophetical.” were fulfilled in Him. For why did they not this in the case of the others, but in His case only? Consider too, I pray you, the exactness of the prophecy. For the Prophet saith not only, that they “parted,” but that they “did not part.” The rest therefore they divided, the coat they divided not, but committed the matter to a decision by lot. And the, “Woven from the top” ( ver. 23 ) is not put without a purpose; but some say that a figurative assertion is declared by it, that the Crucified was not simply man, but had also the Divinity from above.2482   or, “from the first,” ἄ νωθεν Others say that the Evangelist describes the very form of the coat.2483   lit. “little coat.” For since in Palestine they put together two strips of cloth and so weave their garments, John, to show that the coat was of this kind, saith, “Woven from the top”; and to me he seems to say this, alluding to the poorness of the garments, and that as in all other things, so in dress also, He followed a simple2484   λιτόν fashion.

Ver. 24. “These things the soldiers did.” But He on the Cross, committeth His mother to the disciple,2485    Ver. 25–27. “Now there stood by the Cross of Jesus His mother, and His mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene. When Jesus therefore saw His mother, and the disciple standing by whom He loved, He saith unto His mother, Woman, behold thy son. Then saith He to the disciple, Behold thy mother. And from that hour that disciple took her to his own home.” teaching us even to our last breath to show every care for our parents. When indeed she unseasonably troubled Him, He said, “Woman, what have I to do with thee?” ( c. ii. 4.) And, “Who is My mother?” ( Matt. xii. 48.) But here He showeth much loving affection, and committeth her to the disciple whom He loved. Again John conceals himself, in modesty; for had he desired to boast, he would have also put in the cause for which he was loved, since probably it was some great and wonderful one. But wherefore doth He converse on nothing else with John, nor comfort him when desponding? Because it was no time for comforting by words; besides, it was no little thing for him to be honored with such honor, and to receive the reward of steadfastness. But do thou consider, I pray, how even on the cross He did everything without being troubled, speaking with the disciple concerning His mother, fulfilling prophecies, holding forth good hopes to the thief. Yet before He was crucified He appeareth sweating, agonized, fearing. What then can this mean? Nothing difficult, nothing doubtful. There indeed the weakness of nature had been shown, here was being shown the excess of Power. Besides, by these two things He teacheth us, even if before things terrible we be troubled, not on that account to shrink from things terrible, but when we have embarked in the contest to deem all things2486   al. “all things are.” possible and easy. Let us then not tremble at death. Our soul hath by nature the love of life, but it lies with us either to loose the bands of nature, and make this desire weak; or else to tighten them, and make the desire more tyrannous. For as we have the desire of sexual intercourse, but when we practice true wisdom we render the desire weak, so also it falls out in the case of life; and as God hath annexed carnal desire to the generation of children, to maintain a succession among us, without however forbidding us from traveling the higher road of continence; so also He hath implanted in us the love of life, forbidding us from destroying ourselves, but not hindering our despising the present life. And it behooves us, knowing this, to observe due measure, and neither to go at any time to death of our own accord, even though ten thousand terrible things possess us; nor yet when dragged to it, for the sake of what is pleasing to God, to shrink back from and fear it, but boldly to strip for it, preferring the future to the present life.

But the women stood by the Cross, and the weaker sex then appeared the manlier ( ver. 25 ); so entirely henceforth were all things transformed.

[3.] And He, having committed His mother to John, said, “Behold thy Son.” ( Ver. 26.) O the honor! with what honor did He honor the disciple! when He Himself was now departing, He committed her to the disciple to take care of. For since it was likely that, being His mother, she would grieve, and require protection, He with reason entrusted her to the beloved. To him He saith, “Behold thy mother.” ( Ver. 27.) This He said, knitting them together in charity; which the disciple understanding, took her to his own home. “But why made He no mention of any other woman, although another stood there?” To teach us to pay more than ordinary respect to our mothers. For as when parents oppose us on spiritual matters, we must not even own them, so when they do not hinder us, we ought to pay them all becoming respect, and to prefer them before others, because they begat us, because they bred us up, because they bare for us ten thousand terrible things. And by these words He silenceth the shamelessness of Marcion; for if He were not born according to the flesh, nor had a mother, wherefore taketh He such forethought for her alone?

Ver. 28. “After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished.”

That is, “that nothing was wanting to the Dispensation.” For He was everywhere desirous to show, that this Death was of a new kind, if indeed the whole lay in the power of the Person dying, and death came not on the Body before He willed it; and He willed it after He had fulfilled all things. Therefore also He said, “I have power to lay down My life; and I have power to take it again.” ( c. x. 18.) Knowing therefore that all things were fulfilled, He saith,

“I thirst.”2487   “that the Scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst,” N.T.

Here again fulfilling a prophecy. But consider, I pray, the accursed nature of the bystanders. Though we have ten thousand enemies, and have suffered intolerable things at their hands, yet when we see them perishing, we relent; but they did not even so make peace with Him, nor were tamed by what they saw, but rather became more savage, and increased their irony; and having brought to Him vinegar on a sponge,2488    Ver. 29. “Now there was set a vessel full of vinegar: and they filled a sponge with vinegar, and put it upon hyssop, and put it to His mouth.” as men bring it to the condemned, thus they gave Him to drink; since it is on this account that the hyssop is added.

Ver. 30. “Having therefore received it, He saith, It is finished.”

Seest thou how He doth all things calmly, and with power? And what follows shows this. For when all had been completed,

“He bowed His head, (this had not been nailed,) and gave up2489   ἀ φῆκε, [παρέδωκε,] G. T. the ghost.”

That is, “died.” Yet to expire does not come2490   i.e. naturally. after the bowing the head; but here, on the contrary, it doth. For He did not, when He had expired, bow His head, as happens with us, but when He had bent His head, then He expired. By all which things the Evangelist hath shown, that He was Lord of all.

But the Jews, on the other hand, who swallowed the camel and strained at the gnat, having wrought so atrocious a deed, are very precise concerning the day.

Ver. 31. “Because it was the Preparation, that the bodies should not remain upon the cross2491   “Upon the cross on the Sabbath day, (for that day was a high day.)” N.T. —they besought Pilate that their legs might be broken.”2492   “Be broken, and that they might be taken away.” N.T.

Seest thou how strong a thing is truth? By means of the very things which are the objects of their zeal, prophecy is fulfilled, for by occasion of those things, this plain prediction, unconnected with them,2493   ἑ τέρα αὐτοῖς αὕτη προαναφώνησῖς receives its accomplishment. For the soldiers2494    Ver. 32–34. “Then came the soldiers and brake the legs of the first, and of the other which was crucified with him. But when they came to Jesus, and saw that He was dead already, they brake not His legs, but one of the soldiers with a spear pierced His side, and forthwith came thereout blood and water.” N.T. when they came, brake the legs of the others, but not those of Christ. Yet these to gratify the Jews pierced His side with a spear, and now insulted the dead body. O abominable and accursed purpose! Yet, beloved, be not thou confounded, be not thou desponding; for the things which these men did from a wicked will, fought on the side of the truth. Since there was a prophecy, saying, (from this circumstance,2495   ἐ ντεῦθεν “They shall look on Him whom they pierced.” ( Ver. 37; Zech. xii. 10.) And not this only, but the deed then dared was a demonstration of the faith, to those who should afterwards disbelieve; as to Thomas, and those like him. With this too an ineffable mystery was accomplished. For “there came forth water and blood.” Not without a purpose, or by chance, did those founts come forth, but because by means of these two together the Church consisteth.2496   ἐ ξ ἀμφοτέρων τούτων ἡ ̓Εκκλησία συνέστηκε And the initiated know it, being by water indeed regenerate, and nourished by the Blood and the Flesh. Hence the Mysteries take their beginning; that2497   i.e. to teach thee that. when thou approachest to that awful cup, thou mayest so approach, as drinking from the very side.

Ver. 35. “And he that saw it bare record, and his record is true.”2498   “is true; and he knoweth that he saith true, that ye might believe,” N.T.

That is, “I heard it not from others, but was myself present and saw it, and the testimony is true.” As may be supposed. For he relates an insult done; he relates not anything great and admirable, that thou shouldest suspect his narrative; but securing the mouths of heretics, and loudly proclaiming beforehand the Mysteries that should be, and beholding the treasure laid up in them, he is very exact concerning what took place. And that prophecy also is fulfilled,

Ver. 36. “A bone of Him shall not be broken.”2499    Ver. 36, 37. “For these things were done, that the Scripture should be fulfilled, A bone,” &c. “And again, another Scripture saith, They shall look on Him whom they pierced.” N.T. ( Ex. xii. 46; Num. ix. 12.)

For even if this was said with reference to the lamb of the Jews, still it was for the sake of the reality that the type preceded, and in Him the prophecy was more fully accomplished. On this account the Evangelist brought forward the Prophet. For since by continually producing himself as witness he would have seemed unworthy of credit, he brings Moses to help him, and saith, that neither did this come to pass without a purpose, but was written before of old. And this is the meaning of the words, “A bone of Him shall not be broken.” Again he confirms the Prophet’s words by his own witness. “These things,” saith he, “I have told you, that ye might learn that great is the connection of the type with the reality.” Seest thou what pains he takes to make that believed which seemed to be matter of reproach, and bringing shame? For that the soldier should insult even the dead body, was far worse than being crucified. “But still, even these things,” he saith, “I have told, and told with much earnestness, ‘that ye might believe.’ ( Ver. 35.) Let none then be unbelieving, nor through shame injure our cause. For the things which appear to be most shameful, are the very venerable records2500   σεμνολογήματα of our good things.”

Ver. 38. “After this came Joseph of Arimathæa, being a disciple.”2501    Ver. 38–40. “And after this Joseph of Arimathæa, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, besought Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus; and Pilate gave him leave. He came therefore, and took the body of Jesus. And there came also Nicodemus, which at the first came to Jesus by night, and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about an hundred pound weight. Then took they the body of Jesus, and wound it in the linen clothes with the spices, as the manner of the Jews is to bury.”

Not one of the twelve, but perhaps one of the seventy. For now deeming that the anger of the Jews was quenched by the Cross, they approached without fear, and took charge of His funeral. Joseph therefore came and asked the favor from Pilate, which he granted; why should he not? Nicodemus also assists him, and furnishes a costly burial. For they were still disposed to think of Him as a mere man. And they brought those2502   al. “such.” spices whose especial nature is to preserve the body for a long time, and not to allow it quickly to yield to corruption, which was an act of men imagining nothing great respecting Him; but anyhow, they exhibited very loving affection. But how did no one of the twelve come, neither John, nor Peter, nor any other of the more distinguished disciples? Nor doth the writer conceal this point. If any one say that it was from fear of the Jews, these men also 2503   i.e. Joseph and Nicodemus. were occupied by the same fear; for Joseph too was, it saith, “A secret (disciple) for fear of the Jews.” And not one can say that Joseph acted thus because he greatly despised them,2504   al. “that the greatly despising them effected this.” but though himself afraid, still he came. But John who was present, and had seen Him expire, did nothing of the kind. It seems to me that Joseph was a man of high rank, (as is clear from the funeral,) and known2505   al. “known in some way.” to Pilate, on which account also he obtained the favor; and then he buried Him, not as a criminal, but magnificently, after the Jewish fashion, as some great and admirable one.

[4.] And because they were straitened by the time, (since the Death took place at the ninth hour, and it is probable, that what with going to Pilate and what with taking down the body, evening would come upon them when it was not lawful to work,) they laid Him in the tomb that was near.2506    Ver. 41, 42. “Now in the place where He was crucified there was a garden, and in the garden a new sepulcher, wherein was never man yet laid. There laid they Jesus therefore because of the Jews’ preparation; for the sepulcher was nigh at hand.” And it is providentially ordered,2507   lit. “dispensed.” that He should be placed in a new tomb, wherein no one had been placed before, that His Resurrection might not be deemed to be that of some other who lay there with Him; and that the disciples might be able easily to come and be spectators of what came to pass, because the place was near; and that not they alone should be witnesses of His burial, but His enemies also, for the placing seals on the tomb, and the sitting by of the soldiers to watch it, were the actions of men testifying to the burial. For Christ earnestly desired that this should be confessed, no less than the Resurrection. Wherefore also the disciples are very earnest about this, the showing that He died. For the Resurrection all succeeding time would confirm, but the Death, if at that time it had been partially concealed, or not made very manifest, was likely to harm the account of the Resurrection. Nor was it for these reasons only that He was laid near, but also that the story about the stealing might be proved false.

“The first day of the week” (that is, the Lord’s day) “cometh Mary Magdalene, very early in the morning,2508   ὄ ρθρου βαθέος om. in Ben. N.T. “early, when it was yet dark, unto the sepulcher and seeth,” &c. and seeth the stone taken away from the sepulcher.” ( Ch. xx. ver. 1.)

For He arose while both stone and seals lay over Him; but because it was necessary that others should be fully satisfied, the tomb was opened after the Resurrection, and thus what had come to pass was confirmed. This then was what moved Mary. For being entirely full of loving affection towards her Master, when the Sabbath was past, she could not bear to rest, but came very early in the morning, desiring to find some consolation from the place. But when she saw the place, and the stone2509   al. “saw the stone.” taken away, she neither entered in nor stooped down, but ran to the disciples,2510    Ver. 2. “Then she runneth, and cometh to Simon Peter, and to the other disciple whom Jesus loved.” in the greatness of her longing; for this was what she earnestly desired, she wished very speedily to learn what had become of the body. This was the meaning of her running, and her words declare it.

Ver. 2. “They have taken away,” she saith, “my Lord,2511   “the Lord out of the sepulcher,” N.T. and I know not where they have laid Him.”

Seest thou how she knew not as yet anything clearly concerning the Resurrection, but thought there had been a removal of the body, and tells all simply to the disciples? And the Evangelist hath not deprived the woman of such a praise, nor thought it shame that they should have learnt these things first from her who had passed the night in watching. Thus everywhere doth the truth-loving nature of his disposition shine forth. When then she came and said these things, they hearing them, draw near with great eagerness to the sepulcher,2512    Ver. 3–7. “Peter therefore went forth, and that other disciple, and came to the sepulcher. So they ran both together: and the other disciple did outrun Peter, and came first to the sepulcher. And he stooping down, saw the linen clothes lying; yet went he not in. Then cometh Simon Peter following him, and went into the sepulcher, and seeth the linen clothes lie; and the napkin that was about His head, not lying with the linen clothes, but wrapped together in a place by itself.” N.T. and see the linen clothes lying, which was a sign of the Resurrection. For neither, if any persons had removed the body, would they before doing so have stripped it; nor if any had stolen it, would they have taken the trouble to remove the napkin, and roll it up, and lay it in a place by itself; but how? they would have taken the body as it was. On this account John tells us by anticipation that it was buried with much myrrh, which glues linen to the body not less firmly than lead; in order that when thou hearest that the napkins lay apart, thou mayest not endure those who say that He was stolen. For a thief would not have been so foolish as to spend so much trouble on a superfluous matter. For why should he undo the clothes? and how could he have escaped detection if he had done so? since he would probably have spent much time in so doing, and be found out by delaying and loitering. But why do the clothes lie apart, while the napkin was wrapped together by itself? That thou mayest learn that it was not the action of men in confusion or haste, the placing some in one place, some in another, and the wrapping them together. From this they believed in the Resurrection. On this account Christ afterwards appeared to them, when they were convinced by what they had seen. Observe too here again the absence of boastfulness in the Evangelist, how he witnesses to the exactness of Peter’s search. For he himself having gotten before Peter, and having seen the linen clothes, enquired not farther, but withdrew; but that fervent one passing farther in, looked at everything carefully, and saw somewhat more, and then the other too was summoned to the sight.2513    Ver. 8, 9. “Then went in also that other disciple which came first to the sepulcher, and he saw, and believed. For as yet they knew not the Scripture, that He must rise again from the dead.” N.T. For he entering after Peter, saw the grave-clothes lying, and separate. Now to separate, and to place one thing by itself, and another, after rolling it up, by itself, was the act of some one doing things carefully, and not in a chance way, as if disturbed.

[5.] But do thou, when thou hearest that thy Lord arose naked, cease from thy madness about funerals; for what is the meaning of that superfluous and unprofitable2514   al. “senseless.” expense, which brings much loss to the mourners, and no gain to the departed, or (if we must say that it brings anything) rather harm? For the costliness of burial hath often caused the breaking open of tombs, and hath caused him to be cast out naked and unburied, who had been buried with much care. But alas for vainglory! How great the tyranny which it exhibits even in sorrow! how great the folly! Many, that this may not happen, having cut in pieces those fine clothes, and filled them with many spices, so that they may be doubly useless to those who would insult the dead, then commit them to the earth. Are not these the acts of madmen? of men beside themselves? to make a show of their ambition, and then to destroy it? “Yea,” saith some one, “it is in order that they may lie safely with the dead that we use all these contrivances.” Well then, if the robbers do not get them, will not the moths get them, and the worms? Or if the moths and worms get them not, will not time and the moisture of putrefaction2515   ἰ χὼρ destroy them? But let us suppose that neither tomb-breakers, nor moths, nor worms, nor time, nor anything else, destroy what lies in the tomb, but that the body itself remains untouched until the Resurrection, and these things are preserved new and fresh and fine; what advantage is there from this to the departed, when the body is raised naked, while these remain here, and profit us nothing for those accounts which must be given? “Wherefore then,” saith some one, “was it done in the case of Christ?” First of all, do not compare these with human matters, since the harlot poured even ointment upon His holy feet. But if we must speak on these things, we say, that they were done when the doers knew not the word of the Resurrection; therefore it saith, “As was the manner of the Jews.” For they who honored Christ2516   i.e. in His burial. were not of the twelve, but were those who did not honor Him greatly. The twelve honored Him not in this way, but by death and massacre and dangers for His sake. That other indeed was honor, but far inferior to this of which I have spoken. Besides, as I began by saying, we are now speaking of men, but at that time these things were done with relation to the Lord. And that thou mayest learn that Christ made no account of these things, He said, “Ye saw Me an hungered, and ye fed Me; thirsty, and ye gave Me drink; naked, and ye clothed Me” ( Matt. xxv. 35 ); but nowhere did He say, “dead, and ye buried Me.” And this I say not as taking away the custom of burial, (that be far from me,) but as cutting short its extravagance and unseasonable vanity. “But,” saith some one, “feeling and grief and sympathy for the departed persuade to this practice.” The practice doth not proceed from sympathy for the departed, but from vainglory. Since if thou desirest to sympathize with the dead, I will show thee another way of mourning, and will teach thee to put on him garments which shall rise again with him, and make him glorious. For these garments are not consumed by worms, nor wasted by time, nor stolen by tomb-breakers. Of what sort then are these? The clothing of alms-doing; for this is a robe that shall rise again with him, because the seal of alms-doing is with him. With these garments shine they who then hear, “Hungering ye fed Me.” These make men distinguished, these make them glorious, these place them in safety; but those used now are only something for moths to consume, and a table for worms. And this I say, not forbid ding to use funeral observance, but bidding you to do it with moderation, so as to cover the body, and not commit it naked to the earth. For if living He biddeth us have no more than enough to cover us, much more when dead; since the dead body2517   al. “body of the dead.” hath not so much need of garments as when it is living and breathing. For when alive, on account of the cold, and for decency’s sake, we need the covering of garments, but when dead we require grave-clothes for none of these reasons, but that the body may not lie naked; and better than grave-clothes we have the earth, fairest of coverings, and more suited for the nature of such bodies as ours. If then where there are so many needs we must not search for anything superfluous, much more where there is no such necessity, is the ostentation unseasonable.

[6.] “But the lookers-on will laugh,” saith some one. Most certainly if there be any laughter, we need not care much for one so exceedingly foolish; but at present there are many who rather admire and accept our true wisdom. For these are not the things which deserve laughter, but those which we do at present, weeping, and wailing, and burying ourselves with the departed; these things deserve ridicule and punishment. But to show true wisdom, both in these respects and in the modesty of the attire used, prepares crowns and praises for us, and all will applaud us, and will admire the power of Christ, and will say, “Amazing! How great is the power of the Crucified One! He hath persuaded those who are perishing and wasting, that death is not death; they therefore do not act as perishing men, but as men who send the dead before them to a distant and better dwelling-place. He hath persuaded them that this corruptible and earthy body shall put on a garment more glorious than silk or cloth of gold, the garment of immortality; therefore they are not very anxious about their burial, but deem a virtuous life to be an admirable winding-sheet.” These things they will say, if they see us showing true wisdom; but if they behold us bent down with grief, playing the woman, placing around troops of female mourners, they will laugh, and mock, and find fault in ten thousand ways, pulling to pieces our foolish expense, our vain labor. With these things we hear all finding fault; and very reasonably. For what excuse can we have, when we adorn a body, which is consumed by2518   or, “given over to,” lit. “spent upon.” corruption and worms, and neglect Christ when thirsting, going about naked, and a stranger? Cease we then from this vain trouble. Let us perform the obsequies of the departed, as is good both for us and them, to the glory of God: let us do much alms for their sake, let us send with them the best provision for the way. For if the memory of admirable men, though dead, hath protected the living, (for, “I will defend,” it saith, “this city for Mine Own. sake, and for My servant David’s sake”— 2 Kings xix. 34 ,) much more will alms-doing effect this; for this hath raised even the dead, as when the widows stood round2519   al. “stood by.” showing what things Dorcas had made, while she was with them. ( Acts ix. 39.) When therefore one is about to die, let the friend of that dying person prepare the obsequies,2520   or, “burial dress,” τὰ ἐντάφια and persuade2521   i.e. by persuading. the departing one to leave somewhat to the needy. With these garments let him send him to the grave, leaving2522   Sav. reads, κληρονόμον ἀφιέναι τὸν Χ. ἀφίεντα may be conjectured. The Ben. ed. reads, πειθέτω καὶ κλ. κ.τ.λ Christ his heir. For if they who write kings among their heirs, leave a safe portion to their relations,2523   Ben. “leave very great safety.” One ms. has a slight variety of sense: “If they who write kings their heirs among their relations, leave that portion for the safety of the children.” when one leaves Christ heir with his children, consider how great good he will draw down upon himself and all his. These are the right2524   καλὰ sort of funerals, these profit both those who remain and those who depart. If we be so buried, we shall be glorious at the Resurrection-time. But if caring for the body we neglect the soul, we then shall suffer many terrible things, and incur much ridicule. For neither is it a common unseemliness to depart without being clothed with virtue, nor is the body, though cast out without a tomb, so disgraced, as a soul appearing bare of virtue in that day. This let us put on, this let us wrap around us; it is best to do so during all our lifetime; but if we have in this life been negligent, let us at least in our end be sober, and charge our relations to help us when we depart by alms-doing; that being thus assisted by each other, we may attain2525   ἐ πιτύχωμεν without any conjunction preceding. Sav. conject. ἐ πιτευξόμεθα to much confidence, through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, with whom to the Father and the Holy Ghost be glory, dominion, and honor, now and ever and world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΠΕʹ. Τότε οὖν παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν αὐτοῖς ὁ Πιλᾶτος, ἵνα σταυρωθῇ. Παρέλαβον δὲ τὸν Ἰησοῦν, καὶ ἤγαγον αὐτόν. Καὶ βαστάζων τὸν σταυρὸν ἑαυτοῦ, ἐξ ῆλθεν εἰς τὸν λεγόμενον Κρανίου τόπον, Ἑβραϊστὶ δὲ Γολγοθὰ, ὅπου αὐτὸν ἐσταύρωσαν. αʹ. Αἱ εὐπραγίαι τοὺς οὐ προσέχοντας δειναὶ καταβαλεῖν καὶ παρασῦραι. Οὕτως καὶ Ἰουδαῖοι παρὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἀπολαύοντες τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ ῥοπῆς, τὸν νόμον τῆς τῶν ἐθνῶν βασιλείας ἐπεζήτουν, καὶ ἐν ἐρήμῳ μετὰ τὸ μάννα κρομμύων ἐμέμνηντο. Κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν δὴ τρόπον καὶ ἐνταῦθα, τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ Χριστοῦ παραιτούμενοι, τὴν τοῦ Καίσαρος ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἐκάλουν. Τοιγάρτοι διὰ τοῦτο ἐπέστησεν αὐτοῖς βασιλέα κατὰ τὴν αὐτῶν ἀπόφασιν. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ταῦτα ἤκουσεν ὁ Πιλᾶτος, παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν ἵνα σταυρωθῇ: σφόδρα ἀλόγως. Δέον γὰρ ἐρωτῆσαι, εἴ γε ἐσπούδασεν ὁ Χριστὸς ἐπιθέσθαι τυραννίδα, ἀπὸ τοῦ φόβου μόνου τὴν ἀπόφασιν ἤνεγκε: καίτοι γε ἵνα μὴ τοῦτο πάθῃ, προλαβὼν ὁ Χριστός φησιν: Ἡ ἐμὴ βασιλεία οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου. Ἀλλὰ τοῖς παροῦσιν ἑαυτὸν ὅλον δοὺς, οὐδὲν μέγα φιλοσοφῆσαι ἠθέλησε: καίτοι τὸ τῆς γυναικὸς ὄναρ ἱκανὸν ἦν αὐτὸν καταπλῆξαι. Ἀλλ' οὐδενὶ τούτων ἐγένετο βελτίων, οὐδὲ πρὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν εἶδεν, ἀλλὰ παρέδωκεν αὐτόν. Οἱ δὲ ἐπέθηκαν αὐτῷ τὸν σταυρὸν ὡς καταδίκῳ λοιπόν. Καὶ γὰρ τὸ ξύλον οἰωνίζοντο, καὶ οὐδὲ θιγεῖν ἠνείχοντο. Οὕτω καὶ ἐν τῷ τύπῳ γέγονε: καὶ γὰρ ὁ Ἰσαὰκ τὰ ξύλα ἐβάστασεν. Ἀλλὰ τότε μὲν μέχρι τῆς γνώμης τοῦ πατρὸς ἔστη τὸ πρᾶγμα (τύπος γὰρ ἦν): νῦν δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων ἐξῆλθεν: ἀλήθεια γὰρ ἦν. Καὶ ἦλθεν εἰς τὸν Κρανίου τόπον. Τινές φασιν ἐκεῖ τὸν Ἀδὰμ τετελευτηκέναι καὶ κεῖσθαι: καὶ τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐν τῷ τόπῳ, ἔνθα ὁ θάνατος ἐβασίλευσεν, ἐκεῖ καὶ τὸ τρόπαιον στῆσαι. Καὶ γὰρ τρόπαιον ἐξῄει βαστάζων τὸν σταυρὸν κατὰ τῆς τοῦ θανάτου τυραννίδος: καὶ καθάπερ οἱ νικηταὶ, οὕτω καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων ἔφερε τὸ τῆς νίκης σύμβολον. Τί γὰρ, εἰ καὶ ἑτέρᾳ γνώμῃ ἐπέταττον ταῦτα οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι; Σταυροῦσι δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ μετὰ λῃστῶν, ἄκοντες καὶ ἐν τούτῳ τὴν προφητείαν πληροῦντες. Ἃ γὰρ ὑβρίζοντες ἐποίουν οὗτοι, ταῦτα τῇ ἀληθείᾳ συνετέλει: ἵνα μάθῃς ὅση αὐτῆς ἡ δύναμις. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο ἄνωθεν προεῖπεν ὁ προφήτης, ὅτι Μετὰ ἀνόμων ἐλογίσθη. Ἐβούλετο τοιγαροῦν συσκιάσαι τὸ γινόμενον ὁ δαίμων: ἀλλ' οὐκ ἴσχυσεν. Ἐσταυρώθησαν μὲν γὰρ οἱ τρεῖς, ἔλαμψε δὲ μόνος ὁ Ἰησοῦς: ἵνα μάθῃς, ὅτι ἡ δύναμις αὐτοῦ τὸ πᾶν εἰργάσατο. Καίτοι τῶν τριῶν ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ προσηλωμένων, τὰ θαύματα οὕτως ἐγένετο: ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐδεὶς οὐδὲν τῶν γινομένων ἐπέτρεψεν οὐδενὶ ἐκείνων, ἀλλ' ἢ μόνῳ τῷ Ἰησοῦ: οὕτως ἕωλος ἡ τοῦ διαβόλου ἐπιβουλὴ γέγονε, καὶ εἰς τὴν αὐτοῦ τὸ πᾶν περιετράπη κεφαλήν. Καὶ γὰρ ἐκ τῶν δύο τούτων διεσώθη εἷς. Οὐ μόνον τοίνυν οὐκ ἐπηρέασε τῇ δόξῃ τοῦ σταυρουμένου, ἀλλὰ καὶ συνετέλεσεν οὐ μικρόν: τοῦ γὰρ κλονῆσαι τὰς πέτρας οὐκ ἔλαττον ἦν τὸ λῃστὴν ἐν σταυρῷ μεταβαλεῖν, καὶ εἰς παράδεισον εἰσαγαγεῖν. Ἔγραψε δὲ καὶ τίτλον ὁ Πιλᾶτος, ὁμοῦ μὲν τοὺς Ἰουδαίους ἀμυνόμενος, ὁμοῦ δὲ ἀπολογούμενος ὑπὲρ τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ὡς φαῦλον ἐξέδωκαν, καὶ τὴν ψῆφον ταύτην τῇ κοινωνίᾳ τῶν λῃστῶν βεβαιῶσαι ἐπεχείρουν, ἵνα μηδενὶ λοιπὸν ἐξῇ πονηρὰς ἐπιφέρειν αἰτίας καὶ κατηγορεῖν ὡς φαύλου τινὸς καὶ πονηροῦ, ἐμφράττων αὐτῶν τὰ στόματα, καὶ πάντων τῶν κατηγορεῖν βουλομένων, καὶ δεικνὺς ὅτι τῷ οἰκείῳ βασιλεῖ ἐπανέστησαν, ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τροπαίου τινὸς, οὕτω τὰ γράμματα ἔθηκεν, λαμπρὰν ἀφιέντα φωνὴν, καὶ τὴν νίκην δηλοῦντα, καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν ἀνακηρύττοντα, εἰ καὶ μὴ ὁλόκληρον: καὶ τοῦτο οὐ μιᾷ γλώττῃ, ἀλλὰ τρισὶ φωναῖς δῆλον ἐποίησεν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πολλοὺς εἶναι εἰκὸς μιγάδας ἐν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις διὰ τὴν ἑορτὴν, ὥστε μηδένα ἀγνοεῖν τὴν ἀπολογίαν, ταῖς φωναῖς ἁπάσαις τῶν Ἰουδαίων τὴν μανίαν ἐστηλίτευσε. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐσταυρωμένῳ ἐβάσκαινον. Καίτοι τί τοῦτο ὑμᾶς ἔβλαπτεν; Οὐδέν. Εἰ γὰρ θνητὸς ἦν καὶ ἀσθενὴς καὶ σβέννυσθαι ἔμελλε, τί δεδοίκατε τὰ γράμματα λέγοντα, ὅτι βασιλεύς ἐστι τῶν Ἰουδαίων; Καὶ τί φασιν; Εἶπε, ὅτι αὐτὸς εἶπεν. Νῦν μὲν γὰρ ἀπόφασίς ἐστι καὶ κοινὴ ψῆφος: ἂν δὲ προστεθῇ, ὅτι Ἐκεῖνος εἶπε, τῆς αὐτοῦ προπετείας καὶ ἀλαζονείας δείκνυται τὸ ἔγκλημα ὄν. Ἀλλ' οὐχ ὁ Πιλᾶτος παρετράπη, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τῆς προτέρας ἔστη γνώμης. Οὐ μικρὸν δὲ καὶ ἐντεῦθεν οἰκονομεῖται, ἀλλὰ τὸ πᾶν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ κατεχώσθη τοῦ σταυροῦ τὸ ξύλον, ὡς οὐδενὸς αὐτὸν ἀνελέσθαι σπουδάζοντος, τῷ καὶ φόβον ἐπικεῖσθαι, καὶ πρὸς ἕτερα κατεπείγοντα τοὺς πιστεύοντας σπεύδειν, ἔμελλε δὲ χρόνοις ὕστερον ἐπιζητεῖσθαι, εἰκὸς δὲ τοὺς τρεῖς ὁμοῦ κεῖσθαι σταυρούς: ἵνα μὴ ἀγνοῆται ὁ τοῦ Δεσπότου, πρῶτον μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ μέσον αὐτὸν κεῖσθαι, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ τίτλου δῆλος πᾶσιν ἐγένετο: οἱ γὰρ τῶν λῃστῶν, τίτλους οὐκ εἶχον. Οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται διενείμαντο τὰ ἱμάτια, τὸν δὲ χιτῶνα οὐκ ἔτι. Ὅρα πανταχοῦ δι' ὧν ἐπονηρεύοντο τὰς προφητείας πληρουμένας. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο ἄνωθεν προείρητο. Καίτοι γε τρεῖς ἦσαν σταυρούμενοι: ἀλλὰ τὰ τῶν προφητειῶν ἐπ' αὐτοῦ ἐπληροῦτο. Διατί γὰρ μὴ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων τοῦτο ἐποίησαν, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τούτου μόνου; Σὺ δέ μοι σκόπει προφητείας ἀκρίβειαν. Οὐ γὰρ ὅ τι ἐμερίσαντο μόνον, ἀλλ' ὅ τι καὶ οὐκ ἐμερίσαντο εἶπεν ὁ προφήτης. Τὰ μὲν οὖν διενείμαντο, τὸν δὲ χιτῶνα οὐ διενείμαντο, ἀλλὰ κλήρῳ τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐπέτρεψαν. Τὸ δὲ, Ἐκ τῶν ἄνωθεν ὑφαντὸς, οὐχ ἁπλῶς πρόσκειται: ἀλλ' οἱ μέν φασιν, ἀλληγορίαν δι' αὐτοῦ δηλοῦσθαι, ὅτι οὐχ ἁπλῶς ἄνθρωπος ἦν ὁ σταυρούμενος, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἄνωθεν τὴν θεότητα εἶχε. βʹ. Τινὲς δὲ αὐτὸ τὸ εἶδος τοῦ χιτωνίσκου φασὶ τὸν εὐαγγελιστὴν ἱστορεῖν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐν Παλαιστίνῃ δύο ῥάκη συμβάλλοντες, οὕτως ὑφαίνουσι τὰ ἱμάτια, δηλῶν ὁ Ἰωάννης, ὅτι τοιοῦτος ἦν ὁ χιτωνίσκος, φησὶν, Ἐκ τῶν ἄνωθεν ὑφαντός. Τοῦτο δὲ ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ λέγειν, αἰνιττόμενος τὸ εὐτελὲς τῶν ἱματίων, καὶ ὅτι καθάπερ ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις ἅπασιν, οὕτω καὶ ἐν τῇ στολῇ τὸ λιτὸν ἐδίωκε σχῆμα. Καὶ οἱ μὲν στρατιῶται ταῦτα ἐποίουν: αὐτὸς δὲ σταυρούμενος παρατίθεται τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ τῷ μαθητῇ, παιδεύων ἡμᾶς μέχρις ἐσχάτης ἀναπνοῆς πᾶσαν ποιεῖσθαι ἐπιμέλειαν τῶν γεγεννηκότων. Ὅτε μὲν οὖν ἀκαίρως ἠνόχλησε, λέγει: Τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοὶ, γύναι; καὶ, Τίς ἐστιν ἡ μήτηρ μου; ἐνταῦθα δὲ πολλὴν τὴν φιλοστοργίαν ἐπιδείκνυται, καὶ παρατίθεται αὐτὴν τῷ μαθητῇ ὃν ἠγάπα. Πάλιν ἑαυτὸν κρύπτει ὁ Ἰωάννης μετριάζων: εἰ γὰρ ἐβούλετο κομπάζειν, καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν ἂν ἐνέθηκε, δι' ἢν ἠγαπᾶτο: καὶ γὰρ εἰκὸς ἦν μεγάλην τινὰ εἶναι καὶ θαυμαστήν. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν οὐδὲν ἕτερον τῷ Ἰωάννῃ διαλέγεται, οὐδὲ παραμυθεῖται αὐτὸν κατηφοῦντα; Ὅτι καιρὸς οὐκ ἦν τῆς τῶν ῥημάτων παρακλήσεως. Καὶ ἄλλως δὲ, οὐ μικρὸν ἦν τὸ τιμηθῆναι αὐτὸν τιμῇ τοιαύτῃ, καὶ τῆς παραμονῆς λαβεῖν τὸν μισθόν. Σὺ δέ μοι σκόπει πῶς καὶ ἐσταυρωμένος ἅπαντα ἀταράχως ἔπραττε, τῷ μαθητῇ διαλεγόμενος περὶ τῆς μητρὸς, προφητείας πληρῶν, τῷ λῃστῇ χρηστὰς ὑποτείνων ἐλπίδας. Καίτοι γε πρὶν ἢ σταυρωθῆναι φαίνεται ἱδρῶν, ἀγωνιῶν, δεδοικώς. Τί ποτε οὖν τοῦτό ἐστιν; Οὐδὲν ἄπορον, οὐδὲν ἀσαφές. Ἐκεῖ μὲν γὰρ ἡ τῆς φύσεως ἀσθένεια ἐδείχθη: ἐνταῦθα δὲ ἡ τῆς δυνάμεως περιουσία ἐδείκνυτο. Ἄλλως δὲ, καὶ ἡμᾶς δι' ἀμφοτέρων παιδεύει τούτων, κἂν πρὸ τῶν δεινῶν θορυβώμεθα, μὴ διὰ τοῦτο ἀφίστασθαι τῶν δεινῶν: ἐπειδὰν δὲ εἰς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐμβῶμεν, πάντα ῥᾷστα καὶ εὔκολα ἡγεῖσθαι. Μὴ τοίνυν τρέμωμεν θάνατον: ἔχει μὲν γὰρ ἡ ψυχὴ κατὰ φύσιν τὸ φιλόζωον: ἀλλ' ἐν ἡμῖν κεῖται λοιπὸν ἢ λῦσαι ταύτης τὰ δεσμὰ, καὶ τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ἀσθενῆ ποιῆσαι, ἢ δῆσαι, καὶ τυραννικωτέραν ἐργάσασθαι. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἔχομεν τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν τῆς τῶν σωμάτων μίξεως, ὅταν δὲ φιλοσοφῶμεν, ἀσθενῆ ποιοῦμεν τὴν τυραννίδα: οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ζωῆς συμβαίνει. Καθάπερ γὰρ τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν τῶν σωμάτων ἐνέθηκε ταῖς παιδοποιίαις, συγκροτῶν ἡμῶν τὰς διαδοχὰς ὁ Θεὸς, οὐ κωλύων τὴν ἀνωτέρω τῆς ἐγκρατείας ὁδεύειν ὁδόν: οὕτω καὶ τὸν πόθον τῆς ζωῆς ἐνέσπειρε, κωλύων ἑαυτοὺς ἀναιρεῖν, οὐκ ἐμποδίζων δὲ ἡμῖν πρὸς τὸ τῆς παρούσης ζωῆς ὑπερορᾷν. Καὶ χρὴ ταῦτα εἰδότας τὰ μέτρα διατηρεῖν, καὶ μήτε αὐτομάτως ἐπὶ τὸν θάνατον ἰέναι ποτὲ, κἂν μυρία ἂν ἔχῃ δεινά: μήτε ἑλκομένους ὑπὲρ τῶν τῷ Θεῷ δοκούντων ἀναδύεσθαι καὶ ὀκνεῖν, ἀλλὰ θαῤῥοῦντας ἀποδύεσθαι, τὴν μέλλουσαν τῆς παρούσης ζωῆς προτιμῶντες. Αἱ δὲ γυναῖκες παρειστήκεισαν τῷ σταυρῷ: καὶ τὸ ἀσθενέστερον γένος ἀνδρειότερον ἐφάνη τότε: οὕτω πάντα μετεσκευάζετο λοιπόν. Αὐτὸς δὲ τὴν μητέρα παραθέμενος, φησίν: Ἴδε ὁ υἱός σου. Βαβαὶ τῆς τιμῆς! ὅσῃ τὸν μαθητὴν ἐτίμησε τιμῇ! Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ αὐτὸς ἀπῄει λοιπὸν, τῷ μαθητῇ παρέδωκε τημελήσοντι. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἰκὸς ἦν, ἅτε μητέρα οὖσαν, ἀλγεῖν καὶ τὴν προστασίαν ζητεῖν, εἰκότως αὐτὴν ἐγχειρίζει τῷ ποθουμένῳ. Τούτῳ φησίν: Ἴδε ἡ μήτηρ σου. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγε, συνάπτων αὐτοὺς εἰς ἀγάπην: ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ μαθητὴς συνιεὶς, εἰς τὰ ἴδια αὐτὴν ἔλαβε. Διατί γὰρ μηδεμιᾶς ἄλλης ἐμνημόνευσε γυναικὸς, καίτοι καὶ ἑτέρα εἰστήκει; Διδάσκων ἡμᾶς πλέον τι νέμειν ταῖς μητράσιν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐναντιουμένοις τοῖς γονεῦσι περὶ τὰ πνευματικὰ, οὐδὲ εἰδέναι χρή: οὕτως ὅταν μηδὲν ἐμποδίζωσιν, ἅπαν τὸ εἰκὸς ἀπονέμειν αὐτοῖς δεῖ, καὶ πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων αὐτοὺς τιθέναι, ἀνθ' ὧν ἔτεκον, ἀνθ' ὧν ἀνέθρεψαν, ἀνθ' ὧν μυρία ὑπέστησαν δεινά. Οὕτω καὶ Μαρκίωνος ἐπιστομίζει τὴν ἀναισχυντίαν. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἐγεννήθη κατὰ σάρκα, μηδὲ μητέρα ἔσχε, τίνος ἕνεκεν τοσαύτην περὶ αὐτὴν μόνην ποιεῖται πρόνοιαν; Μετὰ ταῦτα εἰδὼς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ὅτι πάντα τετέλεσται: τουτέστιν, ὅτι οὐδὲν λείπει τῇ οἰκονομίᾳ. Πανταχοῦ γὰρ ἐσπούδακε καινὸν δεῖξαι τὸν θάνατον τοῦτον ὄντα, εἴ γε ἐν τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ τοῦ τελευτῶντος τὸ πᾶν ἔκειτο, καὶ οὐ πρότερον ἐπῄει τῷ σώματι ἡ τελευτὴ, ἕως ὅτε αὐτὸς ἐβούλετο: ἐβούλετο δὲ μετὰ τὸ πάντα πληρῶσαι. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἔλεγεν: Ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι τὴν ψυχήν μου, καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἔχω πάλιν λαβεῖν αὐτήν. Εἰδὼς οὖν πάντα πεπληρωμένα, λέγει, Διψῶ, πάλιν ἐνταῦθα προφητείαν πληρῶν. Σὺ δέ μοι τὸ μιαρὸν τῶν παρεστώτων ἐννόησον. Κἂν γὰρ μυρίους ἔχωμεν ἐχθροὺς, καὶ ἀνήκεστα πεπονθότες ὦμεν, ὁρῶντες αὐτοὺς ἀναιρουμένους, κατακαμπτόμεθα: οὗτοι δὲ οὐδὲ οὕτως ἐσπείσαντο πρὸς αὐτὸν, οὐδὲ τοῖς ὁρωμένοις γεγόνασιν ἥμεροι, ἀλλ' ἐξεθηριοῦντο μᾶλλον, καὶ τὴν εἰρωνείαν ἐπέτεινον: καὶ σπόγγῳ προσενέγκαντες ὄξος, οὕτως αὐτὸν ἐπότιζον, ὡς τοῖς καταδίκοις αὐτὸ προσφέρονται, ἐπεὶ καὶ τὸ ὕσσωπον διὰ τοῦτο πρόσκειται. Λαβὼν οὖν φησι, Τετέλεσται. Εἶδες ἀταράχως καὶ μετ' ἐξουσίας πάντα πράττοντα; Καὶ τὸ ἑξῆς δὲ τοῦτο δηλοῖ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πάντα ἀπηρτίσθη, Κλίνας τὴν κεφαλὴν (οὐδὲ γὰρ αὕτη προσήλωτο), τὸ πνεῦμα ἀφῆκε, τουτέστιν, ἀπέψυξε. Καίτοι οὐ μετὰ τὸ κλῖναι τὴν κεφαλὴν τὸ ἐκπνεῦσαι: ἐνταῦθα δὲ τοὐναντίον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐπειδὴ ἐξέπνευσεν, ἔκλινε τὴν κεφαλὴν, ὅπερ ἐφ' ἡμῶν γίνεται: ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ ἔκλινε τὴν κεφαλὴν, τότε ἐξέπνευσε. Δι' ὧν πάντων ἐδήλωσεν ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, ὅτι τοῦ παντὸς Κύριος αὐτὸς ἦν. γʹ. Ἀλλ' οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι πάλιν, οἱ τὴν κάμηλον καταπίνοντες, καὶ τὸν κώνωπα διυλίζοντες, τηλικοῦτον ἐργασάμενοι τόλμημα, περὶ τῆς ἡμέρας ἀκριβολογοῦνται. Ἐπεὶ γὰρ Παρασκευὴ ἦν λοιπὸν, ἵνα μὴ μείνῃ ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ τὰ σώματα, ἠρώτησαν τὸν Πιλᾶτον, ἵνα κατεαγῶσιν αὐτῶν τὰ σκέλη. Ὁρᾷς πῶς ἐστιν ἰσχυρὸν ἡ ἀλήθεια; Δι' ὧν ἐκεῖνοι σπουδάζουσι, διὰ τούτων ἡ προφητεία πληροῦται. Ἀπὸ γὰρ τούτων ἑτέρα αὐτοῖς αὕτη προαναφώνησις λαμβάνει τέλος. Ἐλθόντες γὰρ οἱ στρατιῶται, τῶν μὲν ἄλλων κατέαξαν τὰ σκέλη, τοῦ δὲ Χριστοῦ οὐκ ἔτι. Ἀλλ' ὅμως οὗτοι χαριζόμενοι τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις ἔνυξαν αὐτοῦ τὴν πλευρὰν τῇ λόγχῃ, καὶ νεκρὸν τὸ σῶμα λοιπὸν ἐνύβριζον. Ὢ τῆς μιαρᾶς προαιρέσεως καὶ ἐναγοῦς! Ἀλλὰ μὴ θορυβηθῇς, μηδὲ κατηφήσῃς, ἀγαπητέ. Ἃ γὰρ ἀπὸ πονηρᾶς ἔπραττον γνώμης ἐκεῖνοι, ταῦτα τῇ ἀληθείᾳ συνηγωνίζετο. Προφητεία γὰρ ἦν καὶ ἐντεῦθεν λέγουσα: Ὄψονται εἰς ὃν ἐξεκέντησαν. Καὶ οὐ τοῦτο μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς μέλλουσιν ἀπιστεῖν ἐγίνετο πίστεως ἀπόδειξις τὸ τολμηθὲν, οἷον τῷ Θωμᾷ καὶ τοῖς κατ' ἐκεῖνον. Μετὰ δὲ τούτου καὶ μυστήριον ἀπόῤῥητον ἐτελεῖτο. Ἐξῆλθε γὰρ ὕδωρ καὶ αἷμα. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς δὲ οὐδὲ ὡς ἔτυχεν αὗται ἐξῆλθον αἱ πηγαί: ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων τούτων ἡ Ἐκκλησία συνέστηκε. Καὶ ἴσασιν οἱ μυσταγωγούμενοι, δι' ὕδατος μὲν ἀναγεννώμενοι, δι' αἵματος δὲ καὶ σαρκὸς τρεφόμενοι. Ἐντεῦθεν ἀρχὴν λαμβάνει τὰ μυστήρια, ἵν' ὅταν προσίῃς τῷ φρικτῷ ποτηρίῳ, ὡς ἀπ' αὐτῆς πίνων τῆς πλευρᾶς, οὕτω προσίῃς. Καὶ τοῦτο ὁ ἑωρακὼς μεμαρτύρηκε, καὶ ἀληθής ἐστιν ἡ μαρτυρία αὐτοῦ: τουτέστιν, Οὐ παρ' ἑτέρων ἤκουσα, ἀλλ' αὐτὸς παρὼν εἶδον, καὶ ἀληθής ἐστιν ἡ μαρτυρία: εἰκότως. Ὕβριν γὰρ γινομένην ἐξηγεῖται: οὐ μέγα τι καὶ θαυμαστὸν ἐξηγεῖται, ἵνα ὑποπτεύσῃς τὸν λόγον: ἀλλ' αὐτὸς τὰ τῶν αἱρετικῶν ἀσφαλιζόμενος στόματα, καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα προαναφωνῶν μυστήρια, καὶ τὸν ἐναποκείμενον αὐτοῖς κατοπτεύων θησαυρὸν, ἀκριβολογεῖται περὶ τοῦ συμβάντος. Πληροῦται δὲ καὶ ἐκείνη ἡ προφητεία, ὅτι Ὀστοῦν αὐτοῦ οὐ συντρίψουσιν. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ περὶ τοῦ παρ' Ἰουδαίοις ἀμνοῦ τοῦτο εἴρηται, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ὁ τύπος προέδραμε, καὶ ἐπὶ τούτου μᾶλλον ἐξέβη. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὸν προφήτην εἰς μέσον ἤγαγεν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἄνω καὶ κάτω ἑαυτὸν εἰς μέσον φέρων, οὐκ ἐδόκει ἀξιόπιστος εἶναι, παράγει τὸν Μωϋσέα, λέγων, ὅτι ἁπλῶς οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἐγίνετο, ἀλλ' ἄνωθεν προεγράφη. Καὶ τοῦτό ἐστιν ἐκεῖνο τὸ εἰρημένον, ὅτι Ὀστοῦν αὐτοῦ οὐ συντριβήσεται. Καὶ πάλιν τῷ προφήτῃ παρ' ἑαυτοῦ τὴν πίστιν παρέχει. Ταῦτα δὲ εἶπον, φησὶν, ἵνα μάθητε ὅτι πολλὴ ἡ συγγένεια τοῦ τύπου πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν. Ὁρᾷς πόσην ποιεῖται σπουδὴν ὥστε πιστευθῆναι τὸ δοκοῦν ἐπονείδιστον εἶναι, καὶ αἰσχύνην φέρον; Τὸ γὰρ καὶ εἰς νεκρὸν ὑβρίσαι σῶμα τὸν στρατιώτην, τοῦ σταυρωθῆναι πολλῷ χεῖρον ἦν. Ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ ταῦτα, φησὶν, εἶπον, καὶ μετὰ πολλῆς σπουδῆς εἶπον, ἵνα πιστεύσητε. Μηδεὶς τοίνυν ἀπιστείτω, μηδὲ αἰσχυνόμενος βλαπτέτω τὰ ἡμέτερα. Τὰ γὰρ μάλιστα ἐπονείδιστα δοκοῦντα εἶναι, ταῦτά ἐστι τὰ σεμνολογήματα τῶν ἡμετέρων ἀγαθῶν. Μετὰ ταῦτα ἐλθὼν Ἰωσὴφ ὁ ἀπὸ Ἀριμαθίας, μαθητὴς ὤν: οὐ τῶν δώδεκα, ἀλλὰ τῶν ἑβδομήκοντα ἴσως. Λοιπὸν γὰρ νομίσαντες ἐσβέσθαι τὴν ὀργὴν τῷ σταυρῷ, μετὰ ἀδείας προσῄεσαν, καὶ τῆς κηδείας ἐπεμελοῦντο. Προσελθὼν τοίνυν, παρὰ τοῦ Πιλάτου τὴν χάριν αἰτεῖ, καὶ δίδωσιν ἐκεῖνος. Τί γὰρ οὐκ ἔμελλεν; Συναντιλαμβάνεται αὐτῷ καὶ Νικόδημος, καὶ πολυτελῆ ποιεῖ τὴν ταφήν. Ἔτι γὰρ ὡς περὶ ἀνθρώπου διέκειντο ψιλοῦ. Καὶ ταῦτα φέρουσιν ἀρώματα, ἃ μάλιστα τὸ σῶμα πέφυκεν ἐπὶ πολὺ διατηρεῖν, καὶ μὴ συγχωρεῖν ταχέως ἐνδιδόναι τῇ φθορᾷ: ὅπερ οὐδὲν μέγα περὶ αὐτοῦ φανταζομένων ἦν: πλὴν ἀλλὰ πολλὴν φιλοστοργίαν ἐπεδείκνυντο. Πῶς δὲ οὐδεὶς τῶν δώδεκα προσῆλθεν, οὐκ Ἰωάννης, οὐ Πέτρος, οὐκ ἄλλος τις τῶν ἐπισήμων; Καὶ οὔτε τοῦτο κρύπτει ὁ μαθητής. Εἰ γὰρ τὸν φόβον λέγοι τις τῶν Ἰουδαίων, καὶ οὗτοι τῷ αὐτῷ κατείχοντο φόβῳ: καὶ γὰρ καὶ οὗτος ἦν, φησὶ, Κεκρυμμένος διὰ τὸν φόβον τῶν Ἰουδαίων. Καὶ οὐκ ἔχοι τις εἰπεῖν, ὅτι τῷ σφόδρα αὐτῶν καταφρονεῖν τοῦτο ἐποίησεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸς δεδοικὼς ὅμως προσῆλθεν. Ὁ δὲ Ἰωάννης καὶ παρὼν καὶ ἰδὼν αὐτὸν ἀποψύξαντα, οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ἐποίησε. Τί οὖν ἐστιν; Ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ τῶν σφόδρα ἐπισήμων εἶναι (καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐνταφίων δῆλον), καὶ τῷ Πιλάτῳ δῆλος ὤν: ὅθεν καὶ τὴν χάριν ἔλαβε. Καὶ ἐνταφιάζει λοιπὸν, οὐχ ὡς κατάδικον, ἀλλ' ὡς ἔθος τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, πολυτελῶς ὡς μέγαν τινὰ καὶ θαυμαστόν. δʹ. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ καιροῦ συνείχοντο (ἐνάτης γὰρ ὥρας γενομένης τῆς τελευτῆς, εἶτα μεταξὺ τῷ Πιλάτῳ προσιόντων καὶ καθαιρούντων τὸ σῶμα, εἰκὸς ἦν ἑσπέραν καταλαβεῖν, ἐν ᾗ θέμις οὐκ ἦν ἐργάσασθαι), τιθέασιν αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ πλησίον μνημεῖον. Οἰκονομεῖται δὲ εἰς καινὸν αὐτὸν τεθῆναι μνημεῖον ἔνθα μηδεὶς ἐτέθη, ὥστε μὴ ἑτέρου τινὸς νομισθῆναι τὴν ἀνάστασιν γεγενῆσθαι, τοῦ μετ' αὐτοῦ κειμένου: καὶ ὥστε τοὺς μαθητὰς δυνηθῆναι μετ' εὐκολίας παραγενέσθαι, καὶ θεατὰς τῶν συμβάντων γενέσθαι, πλησίον ὄντος τοῦ τόπου: καὶ τῆς ταφῆς δὲ μάρτυρας εἶναι οὐκ αὐτοὺς μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς. Τὸ γὰρ σήμαντρα ἐπιθεῖναι τῷ τάφῳ, καὶ φύλακας ἐκεῖ παρακαθῆσθαι στρατιώτας, μαρτυρούντων ἦν τῇ ταφῇ: τῆς γὰρ ἀναστάσεως οὐχ ἧττον ὁμολογηθῆναι τοῦτο ἐσπούδακεν ὁ Χριστός. Διὸ καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ πολλὴν περὶ τούτου ποιοῦνται σπουδὴν, ὥστε δεῖξαι ὅτι ἐτελεύτησε. Τὴν μὲν γὰρ ἀνάστασιν ὁ μετὰ ταῦτα ἅπας ἔμελλε βεβαιοῦν χρόνος: ἐκείνη δὲ, εἰ τότε συνεσκιάσθη, καὶ μὴ σφόδρα κατάδηλος γέγονε, ἔμελλε λυμαίνεσθαι τῷ τῆς ἀναστάσεως λόγῳ. Οὐ τούτων δὲ μόνον ἕνεκεν τὸ ἐγγὺς τεθῆναι γέγονεν, ἀλλ' ὥστε καὶ ψευδῆ δειχθῆναι τὸν περὶ τῆς κλοπῆς λόγον. Τῇ δὲ μιᾷ τῶν σαββάτων (τουτέστι, τῇ Κυριακῇ) ὄρθρου βαθέος, Μαρία ἡ Μαγδαληνὴ ἔρχεται πρωῒ, καὶ βλέπει τὸν λίθον ἠρμένον ἐκ τοῦ μνημείου Ἀνέστη μὲν γὰρ, καὶ τοῦ λίθου καὶ τῶν σημάντρων ἐπικειμένων. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐχρῆν καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους πληροφορηθῆναι, ἀνοίγεται τὸ μνημεῖον μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν, καὶ οὕτω πιστοῦται τὸ γεγονός. Τοῦτο γοῦν καὶ τὴν Μαρίαν ἐκίνησε. Πάνυ γὰρ περὶ τὸν διδάσκαλον φιλοστόργως ἔχουσα, ἐπειδὴ τὸ σάββατον παρῆλθεν, οὐκ ἠνέσχετο ἡσυχάζειν, ἀλλ' ἦλθεν ὄρθρου βαθέος, ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου παραμυθίαν τινὰ εὑρεῖν βουλομένη. Καὶ ἰδοῦσα τὸν τόπον, καὶ τὸν λίθον ἠρμένον, οὐκ εἰσῆλθεν, οὐδὲ διέκυψεν, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τοὺς μαθητὰς ἔδραμεν ἀπὸ πολλοῦ τοῦ πόθου. Τοῦτο γὰρ ἦν αὐτῇ τὸ σπουδαζόμενον, μετὰ πολλοῦ τοῦ τάχους μαθεῖν ἤθελε τί γέγονε τὸ σῶμα. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ δρόμος τοῦτο ἐβούλετο, καὶ τὰ ῥήματα τοῦτο ἐμφαίνει. Ἦραν γὰρ, φησὶ, τὸν Κύριόν μου, καὶ οὐκ οἶδα ποῦ τεθείκασιν αὐτόν. Ὁρᾷς πῶς οὐδέπω περὶ ἀναστάσεως ᾔδει τι σαφὲς, ἀλλ' ᾤετο μετάθεσιν γεγενῆσθαι τοῦ σώματος, καὶ ἀπλάστως πάντα ἀπαγγέλλει τοῖς μαθηταῖς; Ὁ δὲ εὐαγγελιστὴς οὐκ ἀπεστέρησε τὴν γυναῖκα ἐγκωμίου τηλικούτου, οὐδὲ αἰσχύνην ἐνόμισε τὸ παρ' αὐτῆς αὐτοὺς μαθεῖν προτέρας ταῦτα διανυκτερευούσης: οὕτω πανταχοῦ τὸ φιλάληθες αὐτοῦ διαλάμπει τῶν τρόπων. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἦλθε, καὶ ταῦτα εἶπεν, ἀκούσαντες ἐκεῖνοι μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς σπουδῆς ἐφίστανται τῷ μνημείῳ, καὶ θεωροῦσι τὰ ὀθόνια κείμενα: ὅπερ ἦν ἀναστάσεως σημεῖον. Οὔτε γὰρ, εἰ μετέθηκάν τινες, τοῦτο ἂν ἐποίησαν τὸ σῶμα γυμνώσαντες: οὔτε, εἰ ἔκλεψαν, τούτου ἂν ἐφρόντισαν, ὥστε ἆραι τὸ σουδάριον καὶ ἐντυλίξαι, καὶ θεῖναι εἰς ἕνα τόπον: ἀλλὰ πῶς; Ὡς εἶχεν, ἔλαβον ἂν τὸ σῶμα. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο προλαβὼν ὁ Ἰωάννης, φησὶν, ὅτι σμύρνῃ συνετάφη πολλῇ, ἣ μολύβδου οὐχ ἧττον συγκολλᾷ τῷ σώματι τὰ ὀθόνια: ἵν', ὅταν ἀκούσῃς ὅτι τὰ σουδάρια ἔκειτο ἰδίᾳ, μὴ ἀνάσχῃ τῶν λεγόντων, ὅτι ἐκλάπη. Οὐ γὰρ οὕτως ἀνόητος ἦν ὁ κλέπτων, ὡς περὶ πρᾶγμα περιττὸν τοσαύτην ἀναλίσκειν σπουδήν. Τίνος γὰρ ἕνεκεν τὰ σουδάρια ἠφίει; πῶς δὲ ἂν ἔλαθε τοῦτο ποιῶν; Καὶ γὰρ πολὺν εἰκὸς ἦν αὐτὸν ἀναλῶσαι χρόνον, καὶ κατάφωρον γενέσθαι μέλλοντα καὶ βραδύνοντα. Τί δήποτε δὲ καὶ χωρὶς τὰ ὀθόνια κεῖται, καὶ τὸ σουδάριον χωρὶς ἐντετυλιγμένον; Ἵνα μάθῃς, ὅτι οὐκ ἦν σπευδόντων οὐδὲ θορυβουμένων τὸ πρᾶγμα, τὸ χωρὶς μὲν ἐκεῖνα, χωρὶς δὲ ταῦτα ἐνθεῖναι καὶ ἐντυλίξαι. Ἀπὸ τούτου τῇ ἀναστάσει ἐπίστευσαν. Διὰ τοῦτο μετὰ ταῦτα αὐτοῖς φαίνεται ὁ Χριστὸς ἀπὸ τῆς ὄψεως πιστωθεῖσιν. Ὅρα γοῦν καὶ ἐνταῦθα τὸ ἄτυφον τοῦ εὐαγγελιστοῦ, πῶς τὴν ἀκρίβειαν τῆς ἐρεύνης τῷ Πέτρῳ μαρτυρεῖ. Προφθάσας γὰρ αὐτὸν, καὶ ἰδὼν τὰ ὀθόνια κείμενα, οὐδὲν πλέον πολυπραγμονεῖ, ἀλλ' ἀφίσταται: ἐκεῖνος δὲ ὁ θερμὸς ἐνδοτέρω γενόμενος, ἅπαντα κατώπτευσεν ἀκριβῶς, καί τι πλέον εἶδε, καὶ τότε οὗτος ἐπὶ τῇ θέᾳ παρεκλήθη. Μετὰ γὰρ ἐκεῖνον εἰσελθὼν, τὰ ἐντάφια εἶδε κείμενα καὶ διῃρημένα. Τὸ γὰρ διελεῖν καὶ χωρὶς μὲν τοῦτο, χωρὶς δὲ ἐκεῖνο θεῖναι ἑλίξαντα, τινὸς ἦν μετ' ἐπιμελείας ποιοῦντος, καὶ οὐχ ὡς ἔτυχε θορυβουμένου. εʹ. Σὺ δὲ ὅταν ἀκούσῃς, ὅτι γυμνὸς ὁ Δεσπότης ἀνέστη, παῦσαι τῆς πρὸς τὴν κηδείαν μανίας. Τί γὰρ βούλεται ἡ περιττὴ αὕτη δαπάνη καὶ ἀνόνητος, πολλὴν μὲν φέρουσα τοῖς κηδεύουσι ζημίαν, τῷ δὲ ἀπελθόντι κέρδος οὐδὲν, ἀλλ' εἰ χρή τι εἰπεῖν, καὶ βλάβην; Ἡ γὰρ πολυτέλεια τῆς ταφῆς τυμβωρυχίας αἰτία γέγονε πολλάκις, καὶ γυμνὸν καὶ ἄταφον ἐποίησεν ἐῤῥῖφθαι τὸν ἐπιμελῶς ταφέντα. Ἀλλ' ὢ τῆς κενοδοξίας! πόσην καὶ ἐν τῷ πένθει τὴν τυραννίδα ἐπιδείκνυται, πόσην τὴν ἀνοίαν! Πολλοὶ γοῦν, ἵνα μὴ τοῦτο γένηται, τὰς λεπτὰς ἐκείνας ὀθόνας διατεμόντες, καὶ πολλῶν τῶν ἀρωμάτων ἐμπλήσαντες, ὥστε διπλῇ γενέσθαι τοῖς ἐπηρεάζουσιν ἄχρηστα, οὕτω τῇ γῇ παραδεδώκασι. Ταῦτ' οὖν οὐ μαινομένων: ταῦτ' οὐ παραπαιόντων; φιλοτιμίαν ἐπιδείκνυσθαι, καὶ πάλιν αὐτὴν ἀφανίζειν; Ναὶ, φησίν: ἵνα μετὰ ἀσφαλείας κέηται παρὰ τῷ νεκρῷ, ταῦτα πάντα μηχανώμεθα. Τί οὖν; ἂν οἱ τυμβωρύχοι μὴ λάβωσιν, οἱ σῆτες οὐ λήψονται καὶ οἱ σκώληκες; Τί δέ; ἂν οἱ σῆτες καὶ οἱ σκώληκες μὴ λάβωσιν, ὁ χρόνος καὶ ὁ ἰχὼρ οὐκ ἀπολεῖ; Θῶμεν δὲ μὴ τυμβωρύχους, μὴ σῆτας, μὴ σκώληκας, μὴ χρόνον, μὴ ἄλλο μηδὲν δαπανᾷν τὰ κείμενα: ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ σῶμα ἀνέπαφον εἶναι μέχρι τῆς ἀναστάσεως, καὶ αὐτὰ δὴ ταῦτα καινὰ καὶ νεοπαγῆ καὶ λεπτὰ τηρεῖσθαι, τί πλέον ἐντεῦθεν τοῖς ἀπελθοῦσι γίνεται, ὅταν γυμνὸν μὲν τὸ σῶμα ἐγείρηται, ταῦτα δὲ ἐνταῦθα μένῃ, καὶ μηδὲν ἡμᾶς ὠφελῇ πρὸς τὰς εὐθύνας ἐκείνας; Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν, φησὶν, ἐπὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ γέγονε; Μάλιστα μὲν μὴ παράβαλλε ταῦτα τοῖς ἀνθρωπίνοις: ἐπεὶ καὶ μύρον ἐξέχεεν ἡ πόρνη ἐπὶ τοὺς ἁγίους πόδας ἐκείνου. Εἰ δὲ χρὴ καὶ περὶ τούτων εἰπεῖν. πρῶτον μὲν οὐκ εἰδότων τὸν περὶ ἀναστάσεως λόγον τῶν ποιούντων ταῦτα ἐγίνετο. Διὰ τοῦτό φησι: Καθὼς ἔθος ἦν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις. Οὐ γὰρ τῶν δώδεκα ἦσαν οἱ τὸν Χριστὸν τιμήσαντες, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνοι οἱ μὴ σφόδρα αὐτὸν τιμῶντες. Οἱ γοῦν δώδεκα οὐχ οὕτως αὐτὸν ἐτίμων, ἀλλὰ θανάτῳ καὶ σφαγῇ, καὶ τοῖς ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ κινδύνοις. Ἦν μὲν γὰρ καὶ ἐκείνη τιμὴ, πολλῷ δὲ ἐλάττων ταύτης ἧς εἶπον. Ἄλλως δὲ, ὅπερ ἔφην εἰπὼν, περὶ ἀνθρώπων ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος νῦν: τότε δὲ ταῦτα περὶ τὸν Δεσπότην ἐγίνετο. Καὶ ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι τούτων οὐδεὶς τῷ Χριστῷ λόγος, εἶπε: Πεινῶντά με εἴδετε, καὶ ἐθρέψατε: καὶ διψῶντα, καὶ ἐποτίσατε: καὶ γυμνὸν, καὶ περιεβάλετε. Καὶ οὐδαμοῦ εἶπε, Καὶ τεθνεῶτα, καὶ ἐθάψατε. Καὶ ταῦτα λέγω, οὐ ταφὴν ἀναιρῶν: μὴ γένοιτο: ἀλλὰ τὴν ἀσωτίαν ἐκκόπτων καὶ τὴν ἄκαιρον φιλοτιμίαν. Τὸ γὰρ πάθος, φησὶ, καὶ ἡ ὀδύνη, καὶ ἡ πρὸς τὸν ἀπελθόντα συμπάθεια ταῦτα πείθει. Οὐκ ἔστι ταῦτα συμπαθείας τῆς πρὸς τὸν ἀπελθόντα, ἀλλὰ κενοδοξίας. Ἐπεὶ εἰ βούλει συναλγῆσαι τῷ τεθνηκότι, δείκνυμί σοι ἑτέραν ὁδὸν κηδείας, καὶ διδάσκω σε ἱμάτια τιθέναι, τὰ συνανιστάμενα αὐτῷ, καὶ λαμπρὸν ἀποφαίνοντα. Ταῦτα γὰρ τὰ ἱμάτια οὔτε ὑπὸ σητῶν ἀναλίσκεται, οὔτε ὑπὸ χρόνου δαπανᾶται, οὐδὲ ὑπὸ τυμβωρύχων κλέπτεται. Ποῖα δὴ ταῦτά ἐστιν; Ἡ τῆς ἐλεημοσύνης περιβολή. Αὕτη γὰρ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἀνίσταται ἡ στολή: ἐλεημοσύνης γὰρ σφραγὶς μετ' αὐτοῦ. Ἀπὸ τούτων λάμπουσι τῶν ἱματίων οἱ τότε ἀκούοντες, Πεινῶντά με ἐθρέψατε. Ταῦτα ἐπισήμους ποιεῖ, ταῦτα περιφανεῖς, ταῦτα ἐν ἀσφαλεία καθίστησι: τὰ δὲ νῦν, οὐδὲν ἕτερόν ἐστιν, ἢ δαπάνη σητῶν καὶ τράπεζα σκωλήκων. Καὶ ταῦτα λέγω, οὐ κηδεύειν κωλύων, ἀλλὰ μετὰ συμμετρίας τοῦτο ποιεῖν, ὥστε σκέπειν τὸ σῶμα, καὶ μὴ γυμνὸν παραδιδόναι τῇ γῇ. Εἰ γὰρ ζῶντας μηδὲν ἔχειν πλέον κελεύει, ἀλλ' ἢ σκέπασμα: πολλῷ μᾶλλον τελευτήσαντας. Οὐ γὰρ οὕτω τετελευτηκὸς τὸ σῶμα δεῖται ἱματίων, ὡς ζῶν καὶ ἐμπνέον. Ζῶντες μὲν γὰρ, καὶ ψύχους ἕνεκεν καὶ εὐσχημοσύνης, δεόμεθα τῆς τῶν ἱματίων περιβολῆς: τελευτήσαντες δὲ, τούτων μὲν οὐδενὸς ἕνεκεν, ἵνα δὲ μὴ γυμνὸν κέηται τὸ σῶμα, δεόμεθα τῶν ἐνταφίων: καὶ πρὸ τῶν ἐνταφίων δὲ ἔχομεν κάλυμμα κάλλιστον τὴν γῆν, καὶ τῇ τοιαύτῃ τῶν σωμάτων φύσει πρεπωδέστερον. Εἰ τοίνυν ἔνθα τοσαῦται χρεῖαι, οὐδὲν δεῖ περιττὸν ἐπιζητεῖν: πολλῷ μᾶλλον, ἔνθα οὐ τοσαύτη ἡ ἀνάγκη, ἄκαιρος ἡ φιλοτιμία. Ϛʹ. Ἀλλ' οἱ ὁρῶντες γελάσονται, φησίν. Μάλιστα μὲν κἂν ᾖ τις ὁ γελῶν, οὐ πολὺν δεῖ ποιεῖσθαι λόγον τοῦ οὕτω σφόδρα ἀνοηταίνοντος: νυνὶ δὲ πολλοὶ οἱ θαυμάζοντες μᾶλλον, καὶ τὴν φιλοσοφίαν δεχόμενοι τὴν ἡμετέραν. Γέλωτος γὰρ ἄξια οὐ ταῦτα, ἀλλ' ἃ ποιοῦμεν νῦν, ὀδυρόμενοι, πενθοῦντες, συγκατορύττοντες ἑαυτοὺς τοῖς ἀπελθοῦσι. Ταῦτα καὶ γέλωτος καὶ κολάσεως ἄξια. Τὸ δὲ φιλοσοφεῖν καὶ ἐν τούτοις καὶ ἐν τῇ τῶν ἱματίων συμμετρίᾳ, στεφάνους καὶ ἐπαίνους ἡμῖν προξενεῖ, καὶ πάντες ἡμᾶς κροτήσουσι, καὶ θαυμάσονται τοῦ Χριστοῦ τὴν δύναμιν, καὶ ἐροῦσι: Βαβαὶ, πόση ἡ τοῦ σταυρωθέντος ἰσχύς! ἔπεισε τοὺς ἀπολλυμένους καὶ φθειρομένους, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι θάνατος ὁ θάνατος: οὐ τοίνυν τὰ τῶν ἀπολλυμένων ποιοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ τὰ τῶν προπεμπόντων εἰς ἀποδημίαν ἀμείνω. Ἔπεισεν αὐτοὺς, ὅτι τὸ σῶμα τὸ φθαρτὸν τοῦτο καὶ γήϊνον, ἱμάτιον ἐνδύσεται τῶν σηρικῶν καὶ χρυσοπάστων πολὺ λαμπρότερον, τὴν ἀφθαρσίαν. Διόπερ οὐδὲ πολλὴν περὶ τὴν ταφὴν ποιοῦνται σπουδὴν, ἀλλ' ἐντάφιον ἡγοῦνται θαυμαστὸν, βίον ἐνάρετον. Ταῦτα, ἂν φιλοσοφοῦντας ἴδωσιν, ἐροῦσιν: ἂν δὲ κατακαμπτομένους, γυναικιζομένους, χοροὺς περιιστῶντας θρηνουσῶν γυναικῶν, γελάσονται καὶ κωμῳδήσουσι, καὶ μυρία κατηγορήσουσι, διασύροντες τὴν εἰκῆ δαπάνην, τὴν ματαιοπονίαν. Καὶ γὰρ ταῦτα ἀκούομεν κατηγορούντων πάντων: καὶ μάλα εἰκότως. Ποίαν γὰρ ἕξομεν ἀπολογίαν, ὅταν τὸ μὲν σῶμα εἰς ἰχῶρας καὶ σκώληκας δαπανώμενον καλλωπίζωμεν, τὸν δὲ Χριστὸν περιορῶμεν διψῶντα, γυμνὸν περιιόντα καὶ ξένον; Παυσώμεθα τοίνυν τῆς ματαίας ταύτης σπουδῆς: κηδεύσωμεν τοὺς ἀπελθόντας, ὡς καὶ ἡμῖν καὶ ἐκείνοις συμφέρει πρὸς δόξαν Θεοῦ: πολλὴν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἐπιτελέσωμεν ἐλεημοσύνην, συμπέμψωμεν αὐτοῖς ἐφόδια κάλλιστα. Εἰ γὰρ μνήμη θαυμαστῶν ἀνδρῶν τετελευτηκότων προέστη τῶν ζώντων (Ὑπερασπιῶ γὰρ, φησὶ, τῆς πόλεως ταύτης δι' ἐμὲ καὶ διὰ Δαυῒδ τὸν παῖδά μου), πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐλεημοσύνη τοῦτο ἐργάσεται. Αὕτη γὰρ, αὕτη καὶ νεκροὺς ἀνέστησεν, ἡνίκα περιέστησαν αἱ χῆραι ἐπιδεικνύμεναι ὅσα ἐποίει μετ' αὐτῶν οὖσα ἡ Δορκάς. Ὅταν οὖν τις μέλλῃ τελευτᾷν, ὁ οἰκεῖος τῷ τελευτῶντι κατασκευαζέτω τὰ ἐντάφια, καὶ πειθέτω τὸν ἀπιόντα τοῖς δεομένοις τι καταλιμπάνειν. Μετὰ τούτων αὐτὸν ἀποπεμπέτω τῶν ἱματίων, πειθέτω καὶ κληρονόμον ἀφιέναι τὸν Χριστόν. Εἰ γὰρ οἱ βασιλεῖς ἐγγράφοντες κληρονόμους, τοῖς οἰκείοις μυρίαν καταλιμπάνουσιν ἀσφάλειαν: ὁ τὸν Χριστὸν ἀφιεὶς μετὰ τῶν παίδων, ἐννόησον ὅσην ἐπισπάσεται εὔνοιαν καὶ ἑαυτῷ καὶ τοῖς αὐτοῦ πᾶσι. Ταῦτά ἐστι τὰ ἐντάφια καλά: ταῦτα ὀνίνησι καὶ τοὺς μένοντας καὶ τοὺς ἀπερχομένους. Ἂν οὕτως ἐνταφιασθῶμεν, λαμπροὶ κατὰ τὸν τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἐσόμεθα καιρόν: ἂν δὲ τὸ σῶμα θεραπεύοντες, τῆς ψυχῆς ἀμελῶμεν, πολλὰ ἐκεῖ πεισόμεθα δεινὰ, καὶ πολὺν ὀφλήσομεν γέλωτα. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἡ τυχοῦσα ἀσχημοσύνη, γυμνὸν τῆς ἀρετῆς ἀπελθεῖν: οὐδὲ οὕτω τὸ σῶμα ἄταφον ἐῤῥιμμένον καταισχύνεται, ὡς ψυχὴ τότε γυμνὴ τῆς ἀρετῆς φαινομένη. Ταύτην ἀμφιάσωμεν, ταύτην περιστείλωμεν, μάλιστα μὲν παρὰ πάντα τὸν χρόνον: εἰ δὲ ἐνταῦθα ἠμελήσαμεν, κἂν τελευτῶντες νήψωμεν, καὶ τοῖς οἰκείοις ἐπισκήψωμεν συμπράττειν ἀπελθοῦσι δι' ἐλεημοσύνης ἡμῖν. Οὕτω ὑπ' ἀλλήλων βοηθούμενοι παῤῥησίας πολλῆς ἐπιτύχωμεν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ, ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, δόξα, κράτος, τιμὴ, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.