Chapter IV.—Idols Not to Be Made, Much Less Worshipped. Idols and Idol-Makers in the Same Category.

God prohibits an idol as much to be made as to be worshipped. In so far as the making what may be worshipped is the prior act, so far is the prohibition to make (if the worship is unlawful) the prior prohibition. For this cause—the eradicating, namely, of the material of idolatry—the divine law proclaims, “Thou shalt make no idol;”17    Lev. xxvi. 1; Ex. xx. 4; Deut. v. 8. It must of course be borne in mind that Tertullian has defined the meaning of the word idol in the former chapter, and speaks with reference to that definition. and by conjoining, “Nor a similitude of the things which are in the heaven, and which are in the earth, and which are in the sea,” has interdicted the servants of God from acts of that kind all the universe over. Enoch had preceded, predicting that “the demons, and the spirits of the angelic apostates,18    Compare de Oratione, c. 23, and de Virg. Vel. c. 7. would turn into idolatry all the elements, all the garniture of the universe, all things contained in the heaven, in the sea, in the earth, that they might be consecrated as God, in opposition to God.” All things, therefore, does human error worship, except the Founder of all Himself.  The images of those things are idols; the consecration of the images is idolatry. Whatever guilt idolatry incurs, must necessarily be imputed to every artificer of every idol. In short, the same Enoch fore-condemns in general menace both idol-worshippers and idol-makers together. And again:  “I swear to you, sinners, that against the day of perdition of blood19    “Sanguinis perditionis:” such is the reading of Oehler and others. If it be correct, probably the phrase “perdition of blood” must be taken as equivalent to “bloody perdition,” after the Hebrew fashion. Compare, for similar instances, 2 Sam. xvi. 7; Ps. v. 6; xxvi. 9; lv. 23; Ezek. xxii. 2, with the marginal readings. But Fr. Junius would read, “Of blood and of perdition”—sanguinis et perditionis. Oehler’s own interpretation of the reading he gives—“blood-shedding”—appears unsatisfactory. repentance is being prepared. Ye who serve stones, and ye who make images of gold, and silver, and wood, and stones and clay, and serve phantoms, and demons, and spirits in fanes,20    “In fanis.” This is Oehler’s reading on conjecture. Other readings are—infamis, infamibus, insanis, infernis. and all errors not according to knowledge, shall find no help from them.” But Isaiah21    Isa. xliv. 8 et seqq. says, “Ye are witnesses whether there is a God except Me.” “And they who mould and carve out at that time were not: all vain! who do that which liketh them, which shall not profit them!” And that whole ensuing discourse sets a ban as well on the artificers as the worshippers:  the close of which is, “Learn that their heart is ashes and earth, and that none can free his own soul.” In which sentence David equally includes the makers too. “Such,” says he, “let them become who make them.”22    Ps. cxv. 8. In our version, “They that make them are like unto them.” Tertullian again agrees with the LXX. And why should I, a man of limited memory, suggest anything further? Why recall anything more from the Scriptures? As if either the voice of the Holy Spirit were not sufficient; or else any further deliberation were needful, whether the Lord cursed and condemned by priority the artificers of those things, of which He curses and condemns the worshippers!

CAPUT IV.

Idolum tam fieri, quam coli, Deus prohibet. Quanto praecedit ut fiat quod coli possit, tanto prius est, ne fiat, si coli non licet. Propter hanc caussam, ad eradicandam scilicet materiam idololatriae, lex divina proclamat (Exod., XXXII; Levit., XXVI, 1; Deut., V, 8): Ne feceris idolum . Et conjungens (Exod., XX, 8), neque similitudinem eorum quae in coelo sunt, et quae in terra, et quae in mari. Toto mundo ejusmodi artibus interdixit servis Dei. Antecesserat praedicens Enoch omnia elementa, omnem mundi sensum quae 0665C coelo, quae mari, quae terra continentur, in idololatriam 0666A versuros daemonas et spiritus desertorum angelorum, ut pro Deo adversus Dominum consecrarentur. Omnia igitur colit humanus error, praeter ipsum omnium conditorem. Eorum imagines idola, imaginum consecratio idololatria. Quicquid idololatria committit, in artificem quemcunque et cujuscunque idoli deputetur necesse est. Denique idem Enoch simul et cultores idoli et fabricatores in comminatione praedamnat. Et rursus : Juro vobis peccatores, quod in diem sanguinis perditionis poenitentia parata est. Qui servitis lapidibus, et qui imagines facitis aureas et argenteas, et ligneas, et lapideas, et fictiles, et servitis phantasmatibus, et daemoniis, et spiritibus infamibus , et omnibus erroribus non secundum scientiam, nullum ab iis invenietis auxilium. 0666B Esaias vero (Is., XLIV, 8), Testes, ait, non vos estis, si est Deus absque me. Et non erant tunc qui fingunt et exsculpunt, omnes vani, qui faciunt libita sibi, quae illis non proderunt. Et deinceps tota illa pronuntiatio, qua in artifices, qua in cultores detestatur, cujus clausula est (Is. XLIV, 20), Cognoscite quod cinis sit cor illorum, et errant et nemo animam suam liberare possit. Ubi aeque David, Et tales fiant , inquit, qui faciunt ea (Ps. CXIII, 8). Et quid ego modicae memoriae homo? ultra quid suggeram? quid recolam de Scripturis? quasi aut non sufficiat vox Spiritus Sancti, aut ultra deliberandum sit, an maledixerit atque damnaverit Dominus ipsos prius artifices eorum, quorum cultores maledicit et damnat?