Chapter XVI.—Concerning Private Festivals.

Touching the ceremonies, however, of private and social solemnities—as those of the white toga, of espousals, of nuptials, of name-givings—I should think no danger need be guarded against from the breath of the idolatry which is mixed up with them. For the causes are to be considered to which the ceremony is due. Those above-named I take to be clean in themselves, because neither manly garb, nor the marital ring or union, descends from honours done to any idol. In short, I find no dress cursed by God, except a woman’s dress on a man:126    Tertullian should have added, “and a man’s on a woman.” See Deut. xxii. 5. Moreover, the word “cursed” is not used there, but “abomination” is. for “cursed,” saith He, “is every man who clothes himself in woman’s attire.” The toga, however, is a dress of manly name as well as of manly use.127    Because it was called toga virilis—“the manly toga.” God no more prohibits nuptials to be celebrated than a name to be given. “But there are sacrifices appropriated to these occasions.” Let me be invited, and let not the title of the ceremony be “assistance at a sacrifice,” and the discharge of my good offices is at the service of my friends. Would that it were “at their service” indeed, and that we could escape seeing what is unlawful for us to do.  But since the evil one has so surrounded the world with idolatry, it will be lawful for us to be present at some ceremonies which see us doing service to a man, not to an idol.  Clearly, if invited unto priestly function and sacrifice, I will not go, for that is service peculiar to an idol; but neither will I furnish advice, or expense, or any other good office in a matter of that kind. If it is on account of the sacrifice that I be invited, and stand by, I shall be partaker of idolatry; if any other cause conjoins me to the sacrificer, I shall be merely a spectator of the sacrifice.128    [1 Cor. viii. The law of the inspired apostle seems as rigorous here and in 1 Cor. x. 27–29.]

CAPUT XVI.

Circa officia vero privatarum et communium solemnitatum , ut togae purae , ut sponsalium, ut nuptialium, ut nominalium , nullum putem periculum observari de flatu idololatriae quae intervenit: caussae enim sunt considerandae, quibus praestatur officium. Eas mundas esse opinor per semet ipsas, quia neque vestitus virilis, neque annulus aut conjunctio maritalis, de alicujus idoli honore descendit. Nullum denique cultum a Deo maledictum 0685B invenio, nisi muliebrem in viro (Deut., XXII, 5): Maledictus enim, inquit, omnis qui muliebribus induitur. Toga vero etiam appellatione virilis est . Nuptias 0686A quoque celebrari non magis Deus prohibet quam nomen imponi. Sed his accommodantur sacrificia. Sim vocatus , nec adsacrificii sit titulus officii et operae meae expunctio , quantum sibi libet. Utinam quantum sibi quidem, nec videre possimus quae facere nobis nefas est! Sed quoniam ita Malus circumdedit saeculum idololatria, licebit adesse in quibusdam, quae nos homini, non idolo, officiosos habent. Plane ad sacerdotium et sacrificium vocatus non ibo (proprium enim idoli officium est): sed neque consilio, neque sumptu, aliave opera in ejusmodi fungar. Si propter sacrificium vocatus assistam, ero particeps idololatriae: si me alia caussa conjungit sacrificanti, ero tantum spectator sacrificii.