Chapter V.

The story of the two Pythagorean friends, Damon and Pythias, is related by St. Ambrose, who points out that the case mentioned in the last chapter is more praiseworthy. A comparison is instituted between the treatment of their gods by heathen without any punishment, and Jeroboam’s irreverence with its punishment.

34. And the schools of the philosophers laud Damon and Pythias—the Pythagoreans—to the skies, of whom one, when condemned to death, asked for time to set his affairs in order, whereupon, the tyrant, in his cunning, not supposing that such could be found, asked for a bondsman who should suffer the penalty if the other delayed his return. I do not know which act of the two was the more noble. The one found the bondsman, the other offered himself. And so while he who was condemned met with some delay, the bondsman with calm countenance did not refuse death. As he was being led forth his friend returned, and offered his neck to the axe. Then the tyrant, wondering that friendship was dearer to philosophers than life, asked himself to be received into friendship by those whom he had condemned. The grace of Virtue was so great that it moved even a tyrant.

35. These things are worthy of praise; but are inferior to our instance. For those two were men, with us one was a virgin, who had first to be superior to her sex; those were friends, these were unknown to each other; those offered themselves to one tyrant, these to many tyrants; and these more cruel, for in the former case the tyrant spared them, these slew them; with the former one was bound by necessity, with these the will of each was free. In this, too, the latter were the wiser, that with those the end of their zeal was the pleasure of friendship, with these the crown of martyrdom, for they strove for men, these for God.

36. And since we have mentioned that man who was condemned, it is fitting to add what he thought of his gods, that you may judge how weak they are whom their own followers deride. For he, having come into the temple of Jupiter, bade them take off the fillet of gold with which his image was crowned, and to put on one of wool instead, saying that the golden fillet was cold in winter and heavy in summer. So he derided his god as being unable to bear either a weight or cold. He, too, when he saw the golden beard of Æsculapius, bade them remove it, saying that it was not fit for the son to have a beard when the father had none. Again, he took away the golden bowls from the images which held them, saying that he ought to receive what the gods gave. For, said he, men make prayers to receive good things from the gods, and nothing is better than gold; if, however, gold be evil, the gods ought not to have it; if it be good, it is better that men should have it who know how to use it.

37. Such objects of ridicule were they, that neither could Jupiter defend his garment, nor Æsculapius his beard, for Apollo had not yet begun to grow one; nor could all those who are esteemed gods keep the golden bowls which they were holding, not fearing the charge of theft so much as not having any feeling. Who, then, would worship them, who can neither defend themselves as gods nor hide themselves as men?

38. But when in the temple of our God, that wicked king Jeroboam took away the gifts which his father had laid up, and offered to idols upon the holy altar, did not his right hand, which he stretched out, wither, and his idols, which he called upon, were not able to help him? Then, turning to the Lord, he asked for pardon, and at once his hand which had withered by sacrilege was healed by true religion. So complete an example was there set forth in one person, both of divine mercy and wrath when he who was sacrificing suddenly lost his right hand, but when penitent received forgiveness.88    1 [3] Kings xiii. 4.

CAPUT V.

Amicorum duorum e secta Pythagorea memorabile factum cum laude recensetur; superiori tamen ostenditur esse postponendum: ubi etiam de Dionysii in spoliandis idolis irrisione, nec non de deorum in tolerandis illius sacrilegiis infirmitate disseritur, posita 0216C ex adverso quam Deus olim coepit de Jeroboam, severa ultione.

34. At etiam philosophorum gymnasia Damonem et Pythiam Pythagoreos in coelum ferunt, quorum unus cum esset morti adjudicatus, commendandorum suorum tempus poposcit: tyrannus autem astutissimus, quod reperiri non posse existimaret, petivit ut sponsorem daret, qui pro se feriretur, si ipse faceret moram. Quid de duobus praeclarius, nescio. Utrumque praeclarum. Alter mortis vadem invenit, alter se obtulit. Itaque dum reus moram supplicio faceret, fidejussor vultu sereno mortem non recusavit. Cum duceretur, amicus revertitur, cervicem substituit, colla subjecit. Tunc admiratus tyrannus chariorem philosophis amicitiam quam vitam fuisse; 0216D petivit ut ipse ab his quos damnaverat, in amicitiam reciperetur. Tantam virtutis esse gratiam, ut et tyrannum inclinaret.

35. Digna laude, sed minora nostris. Nam illic ambo viri; hic una virgo, quae primo etiam sexum 0217A vinceret: illi amici, isti incogniti: illi tyranno uni se obtulerunt, isti tyrannis pluribus, hoc etiam crudelioribus, quod ille pepercit, isti occiderunt: inter illos in uno obnoxia necessitas, in his amborum voluntas libera. Hoc quoque isti prudentiores, quod illis studii sui finis amicitiae gratia, istis corona martyrii; illi enim certaverunt hominibus, isti Deo.

36. Et quoniam rei istius fecimus mentionem, par est contexere quid de diis suis senserit, quo magis infirmos judicetis, quos irrident sui. Namque is cum venisset in templum Jovis, amictum aureum quo operiebatur simulacrum ejus, detrahi jussit, imponi laneum, dicens aurum hyeme frigidum, aestate onerosum esse. Sic deum irrisit suum, ut nec onus ferre posse, nec frigus putaret. Idem cum Aesculapii barbam 0217B vidisset auream, tolli imperavit, incongruum esse appellans ut filius barbam haberet, patre non habente. Idem simulacris tenentibus aureas pateras ademit, allegans accipere se debere, quod dii darent: Quoniam haec sunt vota, inquit, hominum, 172 ut a diis quae bona sunt, adipiscantur: nihil autem auro melius: quod tamen si malum est, habere deos non debere: si bonum est, habere magis homines debere, qui uti scirent.

37. Ita ludibrio habiti sunt, ut neque Jupiter vestem suam defendere potuerit, nec barbam Aesculapius, nec Apollo pubescere adhuc coeperit, neque omnes qui dicuntur dii, retrahere potuerint pateras quas tenebant: non tam furti reatum timentes, quam sensum non habentes. Quis igitur eos colat, 0217C qui nec defendere se quasi dii, nec abscondere quasi homines possunt?

38. At in templo Dei nostri cum Jeroboam, rex sceleratissimus, dona quae pater ejus posuerat, auferret, ac super sanctum altare libaret idolis; nonne dextera ejus quam tetendit, aruit, nec sua ei quae invocabat, idola profuerunt? Deinde conversus ad Dominum, rogavit veniam, statimque manus ejus quae aruerat sacrilegio, sanata est religione (III Reg. XIII, 2 et seq.). Tam maturum in uno et misericordiae divinae et indignationis exemplum exstitit, ut sacrificanti subito dextera adimeretur, poenitenti venia daretur.