On Marriage and Concupiscence,
In Two Books,
Addressed to the Count Valerius
by Aurelius Augustin, Bishop of Hippo;
written in 419 and 420.
Book I.5 Written about the beginning of the year A.D. 419.
Wherein He expounds the peculiar and natural blessings of marriage. He shows that among these blessings must not be reckoned fleshly concupiscence; insomuch as this is wholly evil, such as does not proceed from the very nature of marriage, but is an accident thereof arising from original sin. This evil, notwithstanding, is rightly employed by marriage for the procreation of children. But, as the result of this concupiscence, it comes to pass that, even from the lawful marriage of the children of God, men are not born children of God, but of the world, and are bound with the chain of sin, although their parents have been liberated therefrom by grace; and are led captive by the devil, if they be not in like manner rescued by the self-same grace of Christ. He explains how it is that concupiscence remains in the baptized in act though not in guilt. He teaches, that by the sanctity of baptism, not merely this original guilt, but all other sins of men whatever, are taken away. He lastly quotes the authority of Ambrose to show that the evil of concupiscence must be distinguished from the good of marriage.
S. AURELII AUGUSTINI HIPPONENSIS EPISCOPI DE NUPTIIS ET CONCUPISCENTIA Ad Valerium comitem LIBRI DUO.
LIBER PRIMUS .
Nuptiarum propria et naturalia bona exponit. In illis bonis non computandam carnis concupiscentiam probat: hanc enim omnino esse malum, quod non de nuptiarum natura venit, sed ex antiquo peccato nuptiis accidit: quo tamen malo nuptiae bene utuntur ad liberorum procreationem. Propter hanc vero concupiscentiam fieri, ut etiam de legitimis nuptiis filiorum Dei, non filii Dei, sed filii saeculi nascantur, qui peccati vinculo, licet ab eo per gratiam liberatis parentibus, obstricti sunt, atque sub diaboli potestate captivi, nisi eadem similiter Christi gratia liberentur. Explicat quomodo concupiscentia in baptizatis maneat actu, non reatu. Baptismi sanctitate non hunc tantummodo originalem reatum, sed peccata alia et omnia prorsus hominum mala auferenda esse docet. Tandem concupiscentiae malum a nuptiarum bonitate distinguendum esse, Ambrosii auctoritate confirmat.