John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Acts of the Apostles

“Then returned they,” it is said: namely, when they had heard. For they could not have borne it, if the angel had not (ὑπερέθετο) referred them to another Coming. It seems to me, that it was also on a sabbath-day53 This must be taken as a hasty remark, unless (which is not likely) a sabbath extraordinary is meant. that these things took place; for he would not thus have specified the distance, saying, “from the mount called Olivet, which is from Jerusalem a sabbath day’s journey,” unless they were then going on the sabbath-day a certain definite distance. “And when they were come in,” it says, “they went up into an upper room, where they were making their abode:” so they then remained in Jerusalem after the Resurrection: “both Peter, and James, and John:” no longer is only the latter together with his brother mentioned,54 The meaning seems to be, “he is not content to mention only James and John with Peter, but gives the full list of the Apostles.” but together with Peter the two: “and Andrew, and Philip, and Thomas, Bartholomew, and Matthew, and James (the son) of Alphæus, and Simon Zelotes, and Judas, (the brother) of James.”55 The meaning of ᾽Ιουδας ᾽Ιακώβου (i. 13, cf. Luke vi. 16) is a disputed point. Whether the genitive denotes the relation of brother or son has never been decided. The interpretation of the English translators is allowed to stand because it is, probably, the more common one and has many able modern exegetes in its favor among whom are Buttmann, Gram. N.T. Gk. (Eng. Trans.) p. 94. and, more doubtfully, Winer, N.T. Gram. (Eng. Trans.) p. 190. It is, however, certain that usage is strongly in favor, of supplying ὑιός. The former view identifies this Judas with the author of the Epistle (Jud. i. 1) and is that of our older English Trans. The latter understands this Judas to be the son of an unknown James and is favored by Thayer’s Lex., Meyer and the Revised Vs. To me this view seems probably correct.—G.B.S. (v. 13.) He has done well to mention the disciples: for since one had betrayed Christ, and another had been unbelieving, he thereby shows that, except the first, all of them were preserved.

“These were all continuing with one accord in prayer together with the women.” (v. 14.) For this is a powerful weapon in temptations; and to this they had been trained. [“Continuing with one accord.”] Good. (καλὥς). Besides, the present temptation directed them to this: for they exceedingly feared the Jews. “With the women,” it is said: for he had said that they had followed Him: “and with Mary the mother of Jesus.” (Luke xxiii. 55.) How then [is it said, that “that disciple”] took her to his own home” (John xix. 26), at that time? But then the Lord had brought them together again, and so returned.56 Παλὶν δὲ συναγαγὼν αὐτοὺς οὐτως κατῆλθεν. So the older text: i.e. When they were scattered every man to his own home, that disciple had taken her εἰς τὰ ἴδια. But after the Resurrection Christ had gathered them together, and so (with all assembled) had returned to the usual place or mode of living. “And with His brethren.” (John xvii. 5.) These also were before unbelieving. “And in those days,” it says, “Peter stood up in the midst of the disciples, and said.” (v. 15.) Both as being ardent, and as having been put in trust by Christ with the flock, and as having precedence in honor,57 Προτιμότερος, b.c.: προτιμώμενος A. and Catena: τοῦ χοροῦ πρῶτος, E. D. F. Comp. Hom. in Matt. liv. t. ii. 107. “What then saith the mouth of the Apostles, Peter? He, the ever ardent, the coryphæus of the choir of the Apostles.” he always begins the discourse. (“The number of the names together were about an hundred and twenty.) Men and brethren,” he says, “this Scripture must needs have been fulfilled, which the Holy Ghost spake before,”58 Chrys. seems to have read on to the end of the chapter. The rest of the citation being omitted in the mss. the remodeller of the text makes alterations, and adds matter of his own, to make the exposition run smoother. “Why did he not ask Christ, alone, to give him some one in the place of Judas? And why of their own selves do they not make the election?” Then instead of βέλτιον γέγονε λοιπον πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ, κ. τ. λ. he has, βελτίων λοιπὸν ἦν γεγονως ό Πετρὸς αὐτὸς ὲαυτοῦ, κ. τ. λ. “Peter has now become a better man than he was. So much for this point. But as to their request to have their body filled up not simply, but by revelation, we will mention two reasons; first,” etc. [etc.] (v. 16.) Why did he not ask Christ to give him some one in the room of Judas? It is better as it is. For in the first place, they were engaged in other things; secondly, of Christ’s presence with them, the greatest proof that could be given was this: as He had chosen when He was among them, so did He now being absent. Now this was no small matter for their consolation. But observe how Peter does everything with the common consent; nothing imperiously. And he does not speak thus without a meaning. But observe how he consoles them concerning what had passed. In fact, what had happened had caused them no small consternation. For if there are many now who canvass this circumstance, what may we suppose they had to say then?

“Men and brethren,” says Peter. For if the Lord called them brethren, much more may he. [“Men,” he says]: they all being present.59 Edd. “Wherefore he uses this address, they all being present.” But the old text has simply πάντων παρόντων, i.e., all, both men and women. Chrys. is commenting on the address ἄνδρες αδελφοὶ as including the women also who were before said to be present. Comp. Hom. in Matt. lxxiii. p. 712, B. on the separation of men and women in the Churches. See the dignity of the Church, the angelic condition! No distinction there, “neither male nor female.” I would that the Churches were such now! None there had his mind full of some worldly matter, none was anxiously thinking about household concerns. Such a benefit are temptations, such the advantage of afflictions!

“This Scripture,” says he, “must needs have been fulfilled, which the Holy Ghost spake before.” Always he comforts them by the prophecies. So does Christ on all occasions. In the very same way, he shows here that no strange thing had happened, but what had already been foretold. “This Scripture must needs have been fulfilled,” he says, “which the Holy Ghost by the mouth of David spake before.” He does not say, David, but the Spirit through him. See what kind of doctrine the writer has at the very outset of the book. Do you see, that it was not for nothing that I said in the beginning of this work, that this book is the Polity of the Holy Spirit? “Which the Holy Ghost spake before by the mouth of David.” Observe how he appropriates (οἰκειοὕται) him; and that it is an advantage to them, that this was spoken by David, and not by some other Prophet. “Concerning Judas,” he says, “which was guide.” Here again mark the philosophical temper of the man: how he does not mention him with scorn, nor say, “that wretch,” “that miscreant:” but simply states the fact; and does not even say, “who betrayed Him,” but does what he can to transfer the guilt to others: nor does he animadvert severely even on these: “Which was guide,” he says, “to them that took Jesus.” Furthermore, before he declares where David had spoken, he relates what had been the case with Judas, that from the things present he may fetch assurance of the things future, and show that this man had already received his due. “For he was numbered,” says he, “with us, and had obtained part of this ministry. Now this man acquired a field out of the reward of iniquity.” (v. 17, 18.) He gives his discourse a moral turn, and covertly mentions the cause of the wickedness, because it carried reproof with it.60 λανθανόντως λέγει τὴν αἰτίαν, παιδευτικὴν οὖσαν: i.e. “in speaking of the wages of Judas, he indicates, that the Jews, by whom he was hired, were the authors of the wickedness: but because this carried reproof, he does it covertly, by implication.” In the next sentence, he goes on to another point of the exposition, Καὶ οὐ λέγει, κ. τ. λ. i.e. “And observe also, that with the same wise forbearance, he says it not of the Jews, but of Judas, that a piece of ground was all that was gotten by this wickedness: now, in fact, not Judas earned this, but the Jews.” The modern text has οὐ λέγει γάρ. And he does not say, The Jews, but, “this man, acquired” it. For since the minds of weak persons do not attend to things future, as they do to things present, he discourses of the immediate punishment inflicted. “And falling headlong, he burst asunder in the midst.” He does well to dilate not upon the sin, but upon the punishment. “And,” he says, “all his bowels gushed out.” This brought them consolation.61 Τοῦτο παραμυθίαν ἐκείνοις ἔφερε. Something seems to be omitted here. “And it was known unto all the dwellers at Jerusalem; insomuch as that field is called in their proper tongue Aceldama, that is to say, the field of blood.” (v. 19). Now the Jews62 Here also Chrys. seems to be imperfectly reported. His meaning may be gathered from what is said further on, in the recapitulation: i.e. in giving the field that name, “because it was the price of blood” (Matt. xxvii. 8), they unconsciously prophesied; for indeed the reward of their iniquity was this, that their place became an Aceldama. gave it this name, not on this account, but because of Judas; here, however, Peter makes it to have this reference, and when he brings forward the adversaries as witnesses, both by the fact that they named it, and by saying, “in their proper tongue,” this is what he means.

Then after the event, he appositely brings in the Prophet, saying, “For it is written in the Book of Psalms, Let his habitation be desolate, and let no man dwell therein” (v. 20) (Ps. lxix. 25): this is said of the field and the dwelling: “And his bishopric let another take; that is, his office, his priesthood. So that this, he says, is not my counsel, but His who hath foretold these things. For, that he may not seem to be undertaking a great thing, and just such as Christ had done, he adduces the Prophet as a witness. “Wherefore it behooves of these men which have companied with us all the time.” (v. 21.) Why does he make it their business too? That the matter might not become an object of strife, and they might not fall into contention about it. For if the Apostles themselves once did this, much more might those. This he ever avoids. Wherefore at the beginning he said, “Men and brethren. It behooves” to choose from among you.63 So A. B. C. and the Catena. The other text has ἐξ ἡμῶν, which is less apposite. He defers the decision to the whole body, thereby both making the elected objects of reverence and himself keeping clear of all invidiousness with regard to the rest. For such occasions always give rise to great evils. Now that some one must needs be appointed, he adduces the prophet as witness: but from among what persons: “Of these,” he says, “which have companied with us all the time.” To have said, the worthy must present themselves, would have been to insult the others; but now he refers the matter to length of time; for he says not simply, “These who have companied with us,” but, “all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us, beginning from the baptism of John unto that same day that He was taken up from us, must one be ordained to be a witness with us of His resurrection” (v. 22): that their college (ὁ χορὸς) might not be left mutilated. Then why did it not rest with Peter to make the election himself: what was the motive? This; that he might not seem to bestow it of favor. And besides, he was not yet endowed with the spirit. “And they appointed two, Joseph called Barsabus, who was surnamed Justus, and Matthias.” (v. 23.) Not he appointed them: but it was he that introduced the proposition to that effect, at the same time pointing out that even this was not his own, but from old time by prophecy; so that he acted as expositor, not as preceptor. “Joseph called Barsabus, who was surnamed Justus.” Perhaps both names are given, because there were others of the same name, for among the Apostles also there were several names alike; as James, and James (the son) of Alphæus; Simon Peter, and Simon Zelotes; Judas (the brother) of James, and Judas Iscariot. The appellation, however, may have arisen from a change of life, and very likely also of the moral character.64 ῎Αλλως δὲ καὶ μεταβολῆς βίου, ἴσως δὲ καὶ προαιρέσεως ἦν ἡ ὀνομασία. i.e. St. Luke gives both the names Joseph (or Joses) and Justus, perhaps for the sake of distinction. The name (as Latin) may have been given in consequence of a change of life (viz. of circumstances), and (as meaning ‘the Just’) perhaps also from a change of character (προαίρεσις.)—Or, προαίρεσις (βίου) may be opposed to μεταβολὴ βίου and then the meaning would be, that the name may have related to a change, i.e. reformation of life, or perhaps to his original choice or moral purpose of life. But ἴσως δὲ καὶ seems best to suit the former explanation. “They appointed two,” it is said, “Joseph called Barsabus, who was surnamed Justus, and Matthias. And they prayed, and said; Thou, Lord, which knowest the hearts of all men, show whether of these two thou hast chosen, that he may take part of this ministry and Apostleship, from which Judas by transgression fell, that he might go to his own place.” (v. 24, 25.) They do well to mention the sin of Judas, thereby showing that it is a witness they ask to have; not increasing the number, but not suffering it to be diminished. “And they gave forth their lots” (for the spirit was not yet sent), “and the lot fell upon Matthias: and he was numbered with the eleven Apostles.” (v. 26.)

“Then,” it says, “returned they unto Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet (Recapitulation), [“which65 This clause of the text is added, though wanting in our mss. The comment is, ὥστε μηδὲ μακρὰν βαδίζουσιν ὁδὸν φόβον τινὰ γενέσθαι τρέμουσιν ἔτι καὶ δεδοικόσιν αὐτοῖς: i.e. “so that not being a long way for them walking, it was not, etc.,” which construction being somewhat obscure, the modern text has, τοῦτό φησιν, ἵνα δείξῃ ὅτι μακρὰν οὐ βαδίζουσιν ὁδὸν, ὡς φόβον τινὰ μη γενέσθαι τρέμουσιν ἔτι καὶ δεδοικόσιν αὐτοῖς. is nigh to Jerusalem, at the distance of a sabbath-day’s journey:”] so that there was no long way to go, to be a cause of alarm to them while yet trembling and fearful. “And when they were come in, they went up into an upper room.” They durst not appear in the town. They also did well to go up into an upper room, as it became less easy to arrest them at once. “And they continued,” it is said, “with one accord in prayer.” Do you see how watchful they were? “Continuing in prayer,” and “with one accord,” as it were with one soul, continuing therein: two things reported in their praise. [“Where66 Here again, as usual, in the renewed exposition, the text is omitted. they were abiding,” etc., to, “And Mary the Mother of Jesus and His brethren.”] Now Joseph perhaps was dead: for it is not to be supposed that when the brethren had become believers, Joseph believed not; he who in fact had believed before any. Certain it is that we nowhere find him looking upon Christ as man merely. As where His mother said, [“Thy father and I did seek thee sorrowing.” (Luke ii. 48.) And upon another occasion, it was said,] “Thy mother67 ῾Η μητήρ σου καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί σου ἐζητοῦμέν σε. A. C. ὁ πατήρ σου κ. τ. λ. B. For ἐζητ. we must read ζητοῦσιν. The passage referred to is Matt. xiii. 47, where however it is not Mary that speaks, but “A certain person said unto Him, Behold, Thy mother and Thy brethren stand without seeking to speak with Thee.” In the Homily on that passage, Chrys. interprets that Mary presented herself on that occasion οὐδὲν οὐδέπω περὶ αὐτοῦ μέγα φανταζομένη, “having as yet no high idea of His Person,” and that both she and His brethren, ὡς ἀνθρώπῳ προσεῖχον ψιλῷ “looked upon Him as mere man.” In the same way he adverts to that incident here, for contrast with the higher faith of Joseph; but as the statement, “His mother said,” is not accurate, the modern text substitutes the passage, Luke ii. 48, and reads, ἡ μήτηρ ἔλεγεν, ᾽Εγὼ καὶ ὁ πατήρ σου ὀδυνώμενοι ἐζητοῦμέν σε. It seems that Chrys. cited this passage also (hence our mss. have ἐζητοῦμεν for ζητοῦσι), meaning, that it was not Joseph who said this, but Mary.—Œcumenius, however, gives a different turn to this passage of St. Chrys. “And if Joseph had been alive, he too would have been present; especially as he never, like his sons (οἱ ἐξ αὐτοῦ viz. the ἀδελφοὶ), entertained a doubt of the mystery of the Incarnation. But it is manifest that he was long dead; since even on the occasion when, as Jesus was teaching, His kinsfolk demanded to see Him, Joseph was not present. For what says the Gospel? “Thy mother and thy brethren without seek thee;” but not also, Thy father. and thy brethren seek thee.” (Matt. xiii. 47.) So that Joseph knew this before all others. And to them [the brethren] Christ said, “The world cannot hate you, but Me it hateth. (John vii. 7.)

Again, consider the moderation of James. He it was who received the Bishopric of Jerusalem, and here he says nothing. Mark also the great moderation of the other Apostles, how they concede the throne to him, and no longer dispute with each other. For that Church was as it were in heaven: having nothing to do with this world’s affairs: and resplendent not with wails, no, nor with numbers, but with the zeal of them that formed the assembly. They were “about an hundred and twenty,” it says. The seventy perhaps whom Christ Himself had chosen, and other of the more earnest-minded disciples, as Joseph and Matthias. (v. 14.) There were women, he says, many, who followed Him. (Mark xv. 41.) [“The number of the names together.] Together68 ᾽Επι τὸ αὐτὸ: a comment on v. 15.” they were on all occasions.

[“Men and brethren,” etc.] Here is forethought for providing a teacher; here was the first who ordained a teacher. He did not say, ‘We are sufficient.’ So far was he beyond all vain-glory, and he looked to one thing alone. And yet he had the same power to ordain as they all collectively.69 Καίτοιγε ἰσότυπον ἅπασιν εἶχε τὴν κατάστασιν, which Erasm. justly renders, Quanquam habebat jus constituendi por omnibus: i.e. the ordination by St. Peter singly, would have been as valid as the ordination by the whole body. D. F. have καίτοι οὐδὲ, i.e. and yet he possessed a power of ordaining, in which they were not all upon a par with him: which reading is accepted by Morel. Sav. and Ben., and is rendered by the last, Quanquam non pari forma apud omnes ejus vigebat auctoritas. This reading originated in a mistake as to the meaning of the other, as if that asserted only that St. Peter had the same power of ordaining as any of the rest. But well might these things be done in this fashion, through the noble spirit of the man, and because prelacy then was not an affair of dignity, but of provident care for the governed. This neither made the elected to become elated, for it was to dangers that they were called, nor those not elected to make a grievance of it, as if they were disgraced. But things are not done in this fashion now; nay, quite the contrary.—For observe, they were an hundred and twenty, and he asks for one out of the whole body: with good right, as having been put in charge of them: for to him had Christ said, “And when thou art converted, strengthen thy brethren.” (Luke xxii. 32, Ben.)

“For he was numbered with us,” (πρὥτος τοῦ πράγματος αὐθεντει absent from A.B.C ) says Peter. On this account it behooves to propose another; to be a witness in his place. And see how he imitates his Master, ever discoursing from the Scriptures, and saying nothing as yet concerning Christ; namely, that He had frequently predicted this Himself. Nor does he mention where the Scripture speaks of the treachery of Judas; for instance, “The mouth of the wicked and the mouth of the deceitful are opened against me” (Ps. cix. 1.); but where it speaks only of his punishment; for this was most to their advantage. It shows again the benevolence of the Lord: “For he was numbered with us” (τοὕτο γὰρ αὐτοὺς μάλιστα ὡφέλει· Δείκνυσι πάλιν A.B.C ), he says, “and obtained his lot of this ministry.” He calls it everywhere “lot,” showing that the whole is from God’s grace and election, and reminding them of the old times, inasmuch as God chose him into His own lot or portion, as of old He took the Levites. He also dwells upon the circumstances respecting Judas, showing that the reward of the treachery was made itself the herald of the punishment. For he “acquired,” he says, “a field out of the reward of the iniquity.” Observe the divine economy in the event. “Of the iniquity,” he says. For there are many iniquities, but never was anything more iniquitous than this: so that the affair was one of iniquity. Now not only to those who were present did the event become known, but to all thereafter, so that without meaning or knowing what they were about, they gave it a name; just as Caiaphas had prophesied unconsciously. God compelled them to call the field in Hebrew “Aceldama.” (Matt. xxvi. 24.) By this also the evils which were to come upon the Jews were declared: and Peter shows the prophecy to have been so far in part fulfilled, which says, “It had been good for that man if he had not been born.” We may with propriety apply this same to the Jews likewise; for if he who was guide suffered thus, much more they. Thus far however Peter says nothing of this. Then, showing that the term, “Aceldama,” might well be applied to his fate, he introduces the prophet, saying, “Let his habitation be desolate.” For what can be worse desolation than to become a place of burial? And the field may well be called his. For he who cast down the price, although others were the buyers, has a right to be himself reckoned owner of a great desolation.70 κύριος ἐρημώσεως μεγάλης. Something perhaps is wanting between κύρ. and ἐρ. μ. Indeed the text seems to consist of little more than a few rough notes. This desolation was the prelude to that of the Jews, as will appear on looking closely into the facts. For indeed they destroyed themselves by famine, and killed many, and the city became a burial-place of strangers, of soldiers,71 Τάφος γέγονεν ἡ πόλις τῶν ξένων, τῶν στρατιωτῶν. In the defective state of the text it is not easy to conjecture what this can mean. Perhaps, alluding to the words in St. Matthew, “a place to bury strangers in.” St. Chrys. may have explained, that the strangers were not heathen (ἐκείνους γὰρ οὐδ᾽ ἂν εἴασαν ταφῆναι, they would not have allowed such to be buried in or by the Holy City, much less have provided a place of burial for them), but foreign Jews: and if in τάφος γέγονεν ἡ πόλις he alludes to the description in Josephus, B. J. v. 12. 3. and 13. 7. this explanation of the term “strangers” would be the more apposite, as the myriads who perished in the siege were assembled from all parts of the world. The ‘soldiers’ seem to be the mercenaries on the side of the Jews: five thousand Idumæans are mentioned, B. J. v. 6. 1. for as to those, they would not even have let them be buried, for in fact they were not deemed worthy of sepulture.

“Wherefore of these men which have companied with us,” continues Peter. Observe how desirous he is they should be eye-witnesses. It is true indeed that the Spirit would shortly come; and yet great care is shown with regard to this circumstance. “Of these men,” he says, “which have companied with us, all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us.” He shows that they had dwelt with Christ, not simply been present as disciples. In fact, from the very beginning there were many that then followed Him. Observe, for instance, how this appears in these words: “One of the two which heard John speak, and followed Jesus.—All the time,” he says, “that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us, beginning from the baptism of John.” (John i. 40.) True! for no one knew what preceded that event, though they did learn it by the Spirit. “Unto that same day that He was taken up from us, must one be ordained to be a witness with us of His resurrection.”72 The requirement for the apostolic office is here clearly indicated. The candidate must have associated with Christ and his apostles during the period from John’s baptism to the Lord’s ascension, i.e. during His public ministry. The character of the apostolate is also significantly implied in the term μάρτυς τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἀυτοῦ. The resurrection was the great central theme of apostolic teaching and preaching (vid. Acts iv. 2, 33; xvii. 18, 32).—G.B.S. He said not, a witness of the rest of his actions, but a witness of the resurrection alone. For indeed that witness had a better right to be believed, who was able to declare, that He Who ate and drank, and was crucified, the same rose again. Wherefore it was needed that he should be a witness, not only of the time preceding this event, nor only of what followed it, and of the miracles; the thing required was, the resurrection. For the other matters were manifest and acknowledged, but the resurrection took place in secret, and was manifest to these only. And they do not say, Angels have told us; but, We have seen.73 Here the Edd. have ἡμεῖς· πόθεν δῆλον; ἐξ ὧν θαυματουργοῦμεν. “ourselves: how is this proved? by the miracles we work.” C. has not these words, which are not needed, but rather disturb the sense. For this it was that was most needful at that time: that they should be men having a right to be believed, because they had seen.

“And they appointed two,” it is said.74 The words of the text (v. 23) Καὶ ἔστησαν δύο are better rendered “put forward” (Rev. Vs.) than “appointed.” (A.Y.) The meaning is that the company chose two persons as candidates, leaving the decision between them to the lot.—G.B.S. Why not many? That the feeling of disappointment might not reach further, extending to many. Again, it is not without reason75 Οὐχ ἁπλῶς δὲ προστίθησιν ἐκεῖνον, D. and E. have οὐχ ἁπλῶς δὲ οὐ προτίθησιν ἐκεῖνον, according to which the sense would be the same: “Not without reason does he avoid putting Matthias first.” that he puts Matthias last; he would show, that frequently he that is honourable among men, is inferior before God. And they all pray in common saying, “Thou, Lord, which knowest the hearts of all men, show. Thou,” not “We.” And very seasonably they use the epithet, “heart-knowing:” for by Him Who is this76 Here the Edd. add, οὐχὶ τῶν ἔξωθεν, “not by those without:” but these words are not found in our mss. of either text, nor in the Catena. must the choice be made. So confident were they, that assuredly one of them must be appointed. They said not, Choose, but, “Show the chosen one;” knowing that all things were foreordained of God; “Whom Thou didst choose: one of these two,” say they, “to have his lot in this ministry and apostleship.” For there was besides another ministry (διακονία). “And they gave them their lots.” For they did not yet consider themselves to be worthy to be informed by some sign.77 So, except E. all our mss. and the Catena: and Morel. Ben. But Sav. and Par. “they did not yet think themselves worthy to make the election by themselves: wherefore they desire to be informed by some sign.” An unnecessary alteration; for the sign means some miraculous token. So Œcumen. And besides, if in a case where neither prayer was made, nor men of worth were the agents, the casting of lots so much availed, because it was done of a right intention, I mean in the case of Jonah (Jonah i. 7); much more did it here. Thus,78 Mss. and Edd. πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐνταῦθα ἐπλήρωσε τὸν χορὸν, ἀπήρτισε την τάξιν. The Catena adds ὁ ἀναδεχθεὶς (ἀναδειχθεὶς), which we have adopted. did he, the designated, fill up the company, complete the order: but the other candidate was not annoyed; for the apostolic writers would not have concealed [that or any other] failings of their own, seeing they have told of the very chief Apostles, that on other occasions they had indignation (Matt. xx. 24; Matt. xxvi. 8), and this not once only, but again and again.

Let us then also imitate them. And now I address no longer every one, but those who aim at preferment. If thou believest that the election is with God, be not displeased. (Mark x. 14, 21; xiv. 4.) For it is with Him thou art displeased, and with Him thou art exasperated: it is He who has made the choice; thou doest the very thing that Cain did; because, forsooth, his brother’s sacrifice was preferred, he was indignant, when he ought to have felt compunction. However, that is not what I mean here; but this, that God knows how to dispense things for the best. In many cases, thou art in point of disposition more estimable than the other but not the fit person. Besides, on the other hand, thy life is irreproachable, and thy habits those of a well-nurtured man, but in the Church this is not all that is wanted. Moreover, one man is adapted for one thing, another for another. Do you not observe, how much discourse the holy Scripture has made on this matter? But let me say why it is that the thing has become a subject of competition: it is because we come to the Episcopate not as unto a work of governing and superintending the brethren, but as to a post of dignity and repose. Did you but know that a Bishop is bound to belong to all, to bear the burden of all; that others, if they are angry, are pardoned, but he never; that others, if they sin, have excuses made for them, he has none; you would not be eager for the dignity, would not run after it. So it is, the Bishop is exposed to the tongues of all, to the criticism of all, whether they be wise or fools. He is harassed with cares every day, nay, every night. He has many to hate him, many to envy him. Talk not to me of those who curry favor with all, of those who desire to sleep, of those who advance to this office as for repose. We have nothing to do with these; we speak of those who watch for your souls, who consider the safety and welfare of those under them before their own. Tell me now: suppose a man has ten children, always living with him, and constantly under his control; yet is he solicitous about them; and a bishop, who has such numbers, not living under the same roof with him, but owing obedience to his authority—what does he not need to be! But he is honored, you will say. With what sort of honor, indeed! Why, the paupers and beggars abuse him openly in the market-place. And why does he not stop their mouths then? Yes, very proper work, this, for a bishop, is it not?79 Edd. Πάνυ γε. Οὐ γὰρ ἐπισκόπου λέγεις ἔργον. Read Πάνυ γε (οὐ γάρ;) ἐπισκ. λέγ. ἔργον. Then again, if he do not give to all, the idle and the industrious alike, lo! a thousand complaints on all sides. None is afraid to accuse him, and speak evil of him. In the case of civil governors, fear steps in; with bishops, nothing of the kind. As for the fear of God, it does not influence people, as regards them, in the least degree. Why speak of the anxiety connected with the word and doctrine? the painful work in Ordinations? Either, perhaps, I am a poor wretched incompetent creature, or else, the case is as I say. The soul of a Bishop is for all the world like a vessel in a storm: lashed from every side, by friends, by foes, by one’s own people, by strangers. Does not the Emperor rule the whole world, the Bishop a single city? Yet a Bishop’s anxieties are as much beyond those of the emperor, as the waters of a river simply moved, by the wind are surpassed in agitation by the swelling and raging sea. And why? because in the one case there are many to lend a hand, for all goes on by law and by rule; but in the other there is none of this, nor is there authority to command; but if one be greatly moved, then he is harsh; if the contrary, then he is cold! And in him these opposites must meet, that he may neither be despised, nor be hated. Besides, the very demands of business preoccupy him: how many is he obliged to offend, whether he will or not! How many to be severe with! I speak not otherwise than it is, but as I find it in my own actual experience. I do not think there are many among Bishops that will be saved, but many more that perish: and the reason is, that it is an affair that requires a great mind. Many are the exigencies which throw a man out of his natural temper; and he had need have a thousand eyes on all sides. Do you not see what a number of qualifications the Bishop must have? to be apt to teach, patient, holding fast the faithful word in doctrine (see 1 Tim. iii. 2–9; Tit. i. 7–9). What trouble and pains does this require! And then, others do wrong, and he bears all the blame. To pass over every thing else: if one soul depart unbaptized, does not this subvert all his own prospect of salvation? The loss of one soul carries with it a penalty which no language can represent. For if the salvation of that soul was of such value, that the Son of God became man, and suffered so much, think how sore a punishment must the losing of it bring! And if in this present life he who is cause of another’s destruction is worthy of death, much more in the next world. Do not tell me, that the presbyter is in fault, or the deacon. The guilt of all these comes perforce upon the head of those who ordained them. Let me mention another instance. It chances, that a bishop has inherited from his predecessor a set of persons of indifferent character.80 Συμβαίνει τινὰ κλῆρον διαδέξασθαι ἀνδρῶν μοχθηρῶν. The expression below, ὅτι μοχθηρός τις ἐστι shows that the ἀνδ. μοχθ., ‘ill-conditioned men,’ are clerks. The offences meant seem to have been before ordination: and the difficulty is, How to deal with a clerk who ought not to have been ordained at all? You cannot cut him off from the order of clergy, there being no present actual delinquency to justify such a step. Then suppose you do not call him to account for the past, on the ground that the bishop who ordained him must be answerable: what are you to do, when this man should in the regular course be advanced to a higher order of the ministry? To refuse to ordain him, would be to publish his unworthiness, and call attention to the scandal of his having been ordained in the first instance: to advance him, would be even worse. What measures is it proper to take in respect of bygone transgressions (for here are two precipices) so as not to let the offender go unpunished, and not to cause scandal to the rest? Must one’s first step be to cut him off? There is no actual present ground for that. But is it right to let him go unmarked? Yes, say you; for the fault rests with the bishop who ordained him. Well then? must one refuse to ordain him again, and to raise him to a higher degree of the ministry? That would be to publish it to all men, that he is a person of indifferent character, and so again one would cause scandal in a different way. But is one to promote him to a higher degree? That is much worse.

If then there were only the responsibility of the office itself for people to run after in the episcopate, none would be so quick to accept it. But as things go, we run after this, just as we do after the dignities of the world. That we may have glory with men, we lose ourselves with God. What profit in such honor? How self-evident its nothingness is! When you covet the episcopal rank,81 Here the Edd. add ἀντίστησον τὴν γέενναν, “put in the other balance—hell:” which, however, is not found in any of our mss. put in the other scale, the account to be rendered after this life. Weigh against it, the happiness of a life free from toil, take into account the different measure of the punishment. I mean, that even if you have sinned, but in your own person merely, you will have no such great punishment, nothing like it: but if you have sinned as bishop, you are lost. Remember what Moses endured, what wisdom he displayed, what good deeds he exhibited: but, for committing one sin only,82 ἵνα ἓν ἁμάρτῃ ἁμάρτημα μόνον, ἐκολάζετο πικρῶς. On this peculiar construction, see Field, Adnotat, in Hom. in Matt. p. 404. E.—In the next sentence St. Chrys. in applying the term ἱερεὺς to Moses, does not mean that Moses was a Priest, but that he held a station similar in some regards to that of Bishops afterwards. Aaron was properly the High Priest, but Moses was a type of Christian Bishops, considered as Chief Pastors and Rulers. he was bitterly punished; and with good reason; for this fault was attended with injury to the rest. Not in regard that the sin was public, but because it was the sin of a spiritual Ruler (ίερέως) cf. S.); for in truth we do not pay the same penalty for public and for hidden faults. (Aug in Ps. xcix. 6.) The sin may be the same, but not the (ζημία) harm of it; nay, not the sin itself; for it is not the same thing to sin in secret and unseen, and to sin openly. But the bishop cannot sin unobserved. Well for him if he escape reproach, though he sin not; much less can he think to escape notice, if he do sin. Let him be angry, let him laugh, or let him but dream of a moment’s relaxation, many are they that scoff, many that are offended, many that lay down the law, many that bring to mind the former bishops, and abuse the present one; not that they wish to sound the praise of those; no, it is only to carp at him that they bring up the mention of fellow-bishops, of presbyters. Sweet, says the proverb, is war to the inexperienced; but83 Μᾶλλον δὲ νῦν οὐδὲ μετὰ τὸ ἐκβῆναι δῆλος τοῖς πολλοῖς· οὐ γάρ ἐστιν αὐτοῖς πολέμος· & 135·λλὰ κατὰ τοὺς ποίμενας ἐκείνους, κ. τ. λ. Perhaps Chrys. is not fully reported here. The meaning seems to be: “The proverb, γλυκὺς ὁ πόλεμος ἀπείροις, may well be applied here; it is a fine thing to be a bishop, to those who have not tried it. Little do people think what this war is, before they have entered into it. But in our times, not only πρὸ τοῦ ἐμβῆναι, but even μετὰ τὸ ἐκβῆναι, after a good bishop has gone through with it, the generality of people do not see that there has been any war in the case. We bishops, in their view, are like Ezekiel’s shepherds. And no marvel, for many among us are such.” The author of the modern text has given a different turn to the sentiment. Here it is: “The same may well be said in the present case; or rather, we do say it before we have entered into the contest; but after we have embarked in it, we become not even visible to the generality. For to us now there is no war, against those who oppress the poor, nor do we endure to battle in defence of the flock; but like those shepherds, etc.” it may rather be said now, that even after one has come out of it, people in general have seen nothing of it: for in their eyes it is not war, but like those shepherds in Ezekiel, we slay and devour. (Ezek. xxxiv. 2.) Which of us has it in his power to show that he has taken as much care for the flocks of Christ, as Jacob did for Laban’s? (Gen. xxxi. 40.) Which of us can tell of the frost of the night? For talk not to me of vigils, and all that parade.84 Vigils were celebrated in C.’s time with much pomp. A grand ceremonial of this kind was held in the first year of his episcopate, at the translation of the relics. The contrary plainly is the fact. Prefects, and governors (ὕπαρχοι καὶ τοπάρχαι) of provinces, do not enjoy such honour as he that governs the Church. If he enter the palace, who but he is first? If he go to see ladies, or visit the houses of the great, none is preferred to him. The whole state of things is ruined and corrupt. I do not speak thus as wishing to put us bishops to shame, but to repress your hankering after the office. For with what conscience,85 Ποί& 251· γὰρ συνειδότι ἂν (l. κἂν) γένῃ σπούδασας ἢ, κ. τ. λ. The meaning is strangely mistaken by the Lat. transl. Erasm. has, Quem enim conscium adibis si vel, etc. Ben. Quo uteris conscio si ambias vel, etc. The ποίοις ὀφθάλμοις following might have shown the meaning, not to mention the ungrammatical rendering of ἂν γένῃ σπούδασας. (even should you succeed in becoming a bishop, having made interest for it either in person or by another), with what eyes will you look the man in the face who worked with you to that end? What will you have to plead for your excuse? For he that unwillingly, by compulsion and not with his own consent, was raised to the office, may have something to say for himself, though for the most part even such an one has no pardon to expect,86 See de Sacerdot, lib. iv. in the opening, where this question is considered at length. and yet truly he so far has something to plead in excuse. Think how it fared with Simon Magus. What signifies it that you give not money, if, in place of money, you pay court, you lay many plans, you set engines to work? “Thy money perish with thee!” (Acts viii. 20.) Thus was it said to him, and thus will it be said to these: your canvassing perish with you, because you have thought to purchase the gift of God by human intrigue! But there is none such here? And God forbid there should be! For it is not that I wish any thing of what I have been saying to be applicable to you: but just now the connexion has led us on to these topics. In like manner when we talk against covetousness, we are not preaching at you, no, nor against any one man personally. God grant it may be the case, that these remedies were prepared by us without necessity. The wish of the physician is, that after all his pains, his drugs may be thrown away because not wanted: and this is just what we desire, that our words may not have been needed, and so have been spoken to the wind, so as to be but words. I am ready to submit to anything, rather than be reduced to the necessity of using this language. But if you like, we are ready to leave off; only let our silence be without bad effects. No one, I imagine, though he were ever so vainglorious, would wish to make a display of severity, when there is nothing to call for it. I will leave the teaching to you: for that is the best teaching, which teaches by actions.87 Παραχωρήσω τῆς διδασκαλίας ἱμῖν: I will cede the teaching to you; let it be yours to teach by your actions, which is the more potent teaching. For indeed the best physicians, although the sickness of their patients brings them in fees, would rather their friends were well. And so we too wish all to be well. (2 Cor. xiii. 7.) It is not that we desire to be approved, and you reproved. I would gladly manifest, if it were possible, with my very eyes, the love which I bear to you: for then no one would be able to reproach me, though my language were ever so rough. “For speech of friends, yea, were it insult, can be borne;”88 Τὰ γὰρ παρὰ φιλῶν λεγόμενα, Κἂν ὕβρις ᾖ, φορητά. Apparently a quotation. more “faithful are the wounds of a friend, rather than the ready kisses of an enemy. (Prov. xxvii. 6.) There nothing I love more than you, no, not even light itself. I would gladly have my eyes put out ten thousand times over, if it were possible by this means to convert your souls; so much is your salvation dearer to me than light itself. For what profit to me in the rays of the sun, when despondency on your account makes it all thick darkness before my eyes? Light is good when it shines in cheerfulness, to a sorrowful heart it seems even to be a trouble. How true this is, may you never learn by experience! However, if it happen to any of you to fall into sin, just stand by my bedside, when I am laid down to rest and should be asleep; see89 Edd. ἀπυλοίμην εἰ μὴ: “May I perish if, etc.” but none of our mss. have this word. whether I am not like a palsied man, like one beside himself, and, in the language of the prophet, “the light of mine eyes, it also is gone from me. (Ps. xxxviii. 10.) For where is our hope, if you do not make progress? where our despondency, if you do excellently? I seem to have wings, when I hear any thing good of you. “Fulfil ye my joy.” (Phil. ii. 2.) This one thing is the burden of my prayers, that I long for your advancement. But that in which I strive with all is this, that I love you, that I am wrapped up in you, that you are my all, father, mother, brethren, children. Think not then that any thing that has been said was said in a hostile spirit, nay, it is for your amendment. It is written “A brother assisted by his brother is as a strong city.” (Prov. xviii. 19.) Then do not take it in disdain: for neither do I undervalue what you have to say. I should wish even to be set right by you. For all (Edd. ‘all we’) ye are brethren, and One is our Master: yet even among brothers it is for one to direct, while the others obey. Then disdain it not, but let us do all to the glory of God, for to Him belongs glory for ever and ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Γʹ. Τότε ὑπέστρεψαν οἱ ἀπόστολοι εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἀπὸ ὄρους τοῦ καλουμένου Ἐλαιῶνος, ὅ ἐστιν ἐγγὺς Ἱερουσαλὴμ, σαββάτου ἔχον ὁδόν. αʹ. Τότε, φησὶν, ὑπέστρεψαν. Τότε, πότε; Ὅτε ἤκουσαν. Οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἄλλως ἠνέσχοντο, εἰ μὴ ἑτέραν αὐτοῖς παρουσίαν ὑπέσχετο. Δοκεῖ δέ μοι καὶ ἐν σαββάτῳ γεγονέναι ταῦτα. Οὐ γὰρ ἂν οὕτω καὶ τὸ διάστημα ἐδήλωσεν εἰπὼν, Ἀπὸ ὄρους τοῦ καλουμένου Ἐλαιῶνος, ὅ ἐστιν ἐγγὺς Ἱερουσαλὴμ, σαββάτου ἔχον ὁδὸν, εἰ μὴ ὡρισμένον τι μῆκος ὁδοιπορίας ἐβάδιζον ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ σαββάτου. Καὶ ὅτε εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὸ ὑπερῷον ἀνέβησαν, οὗ ἦσαν καταμένοντες. Ἄρα λοιπὸν ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ἔμενον μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν. Ὅ τε Πέτρος, φησὶ, καὶ Ἰάκωβος, καὶ Ἰωάννης. Οὐκ ἔτι μετὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ μόνος οὗτος ἀριθμεῖται, ἀλλὰ καὶ Ἀνδρέας μετὰ Πέτρου: Φίλιππος καὶ Θωμᾶς, Βαρθολομαῖος καὶ Ματθαῖος, Ἰάκωβος ὁ Ἀλφαίου, καὶ Σίμων ὁ Ζηλωτὴς, καὶ Ἰούδας Ἰακώβου. Καλῶς ἐμνημόνευσε τῶν μαθητῶν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ὁ μὲν προέδωκεν, ὁ δὲ ἠρνήσατο, ὁ δὲ ἠπίστησε, δείκνυσιν, ὅτι πλὴν ἐκείνου πάντες ἦσαν σῶοι. Οὗτοι πάντες ἦσαν προσκαρτεροῦντες ὁμοθυμαδὸν τῇ προσευχῇ καὶ τῇ δεήσει σὺν ταῖς γυναιξί. Καλῶς. Μέγα γὰρ τοῦτο ὅπλον ἐν τοῖς πειρασμοῖς, καὶ τοῦτο ἦσαν προπαιδευθέντες ἱκανῶς ὑπ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ Διδασκάλου. Ἄλλως δὲ, καὶ ὁ παρὼν πειρασμὸς αὐτοὺς εἰς τοῦτο ἦγε. Διὰ τοῦτο ἀναβαίνουσι καὶ εἰς τὸ ὑπερῷον: σφόδρα γὰρ ἐδεδοίκεσαν τοὺς Ἰουδαίους. Σὺν γυναιξὶ, φησίν. Εἶπε γὰρ, ὅτι ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ. Καὶ Μαρίᾳ τῇ μητρὶ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, καὶ σὺν τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοῦ. Πῶς οὖν λέγει, ὅτι εἰς τὰ ἴδια αὐτὴν ἔλαβε τότε ὁ μαθητής, Ἀλλὰ συναγαγὼν πάλιν αὐτοὺς ὁ Χριστὸς, οὕτω λοιπὸν πάλιν αὐτοῖς καὶ ἐκείνη συνῆν. Καὶ σὺν τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοῦ. Τούτους λέγει, οἳ ἀπιστοῦντες πρότερον ἦσαν αὐτῷ. Καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις, ἀναστὰς Πέτρος ἐν μέσῳ τῶν μαθητῶν εἶπε. Καὶ ὡς θερμὸς, καὶ ὡς ἐμπιστευθεὶς παρὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ τὴν ποίμνην, καὶ ὡς τοῦ χοροῦ πρῶτος, ἀεὶ πρότερος ἄρχεται τοῦ λόγου (Ἦν τε ὄχλος ὀνομάτων, φησὶν, ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ὡς ἑκατὸν εἴκοσιν): Ἄνδρες ἀδελφοὶ, ἔδει πληρωθῆναι τὴν Γραφὴν ταύτην, ἢν προεῖπε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον. Τί δήποτε οὐ τὸν Χριστὸν ἠξίωσε μόνος, ὥστε αὐτῷ δοῦναι εἰς τὸν τόπον Ἰούδα τινά; διατί δὲ καὶ ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν οὐ ποιοῦνται τὴν ἐκλογήν; Βελτίων λοιπὸν ἦν γεγονὼς ὁ Πέτρος αὐτὸς ἑαυτοῦ. Τοῦτο τοίνυν ἔστιν εἰπεῖν περὶ τούτου. Περὶ δὲ τοῦ μὴ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλ' ἐξ ἀποκαλύψεως αἰτεῖν τὸν τὴν χορείαν ἀναπληρώσοντα, δύο αἰτίας ἐροῦμεν: μίαν μὲν, ὅτι περὶ ἄλλα ἠσχόληντο: δευτέραν δὲ, ὅτι τοῦ παρεῖναι αὐτοῖς τὸν Χριστὸν τεκμήριον μέγιστον τοῦτο. Καθάπερ γὰρ παρὼν ἐξελέγετο, οὕτω καὶ ἀπών. Οὐ μικρὸν δὲ τοῦτο εἰς παραμυθίαν. Ὅρα δὲ αὐτὸν μετὰ κοινῆς πάντα ποιοῦντα γνώμης: οὐδὲν αὐθεντικῶς, οὐδὲ ἀρχικῶς. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν οὕτως ἁπλῶς: Ἀντὶ τοῦ Ἰούδα τοῦτον καταλέγομεν: ἀλλὰ παραμυθούμενος αὐτοὺς ὑπὲρ τοῦ γεγενημένου, βλέπε, πῶς μεταχειρίζει τὸν λόγον. Οὐ γὰρ μικρὰν ἀπορίαν ἐνεποίησε τὸ γεγονός: καὶ μὴ θαυμάσῃς. Εἰ γὰρ νῦν τοῦτο πολλοὶ περιστρέφουσι, τί τότε εἰκὸς ἦν αὐτοὺς λέγειν; Ἄνδρες, φησὶν, ἀδελφοί. Εἰ ὁ Κύριος ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοὺς ἐκάλεσε, πολλῷ μᾶλλον οὗτος: διὸ καὶ πάντων παρόντων τοῦτο ἀναφωνεῖ. Ἰδοὺ Ἐκκλησίας ἀξίωμα, καὶ ἀγγελικὴ κατάστασις. Οὐδεὶς ἦν ἐκεῖ διεῤῥηγμένος, οὐκ ἄρσεν, οὐ θῆλυ. Τοιαύτας βούλομαι τὰς Ἐκκλησίας εἶναι καὶ νῦν. Οὐδεὶς βιωτικόν τι ἐφρόντιζεν, οὐδεὶς περὶ οἰκείας ἐμερίμνα. Τοσοῦτον ἀγαθὸν οἱ πειρασμοί: τοιοῦτον αἱ θλίψεις καλόν. Ἔδει πληρωθῆναι τὴν Γραφὴν ταύτην, ἣν προεῖπε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον. Ἀεὶ παραμυθεῖται αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς προῤῥήσεως. Οὕτω καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς πανταχοῦ ποιεῖ. Τὸν αὐτὸν δὴ τρόπον καὶ οὗτος δείκνυσιν, ὅτι οὐδὲν ξένον γέγονεν, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἤδη προειρημένον. Ἔδει, φησὶ, πληρωθῆναι τὴν Γραφὴν ταύτην, ἣν προεῖπε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον διὰ στόματος Δαυΐδ. Καὶ οὐ λέγει, Δαυῒδ εἶπεν, ἀλλὰ, Τὸ Πνεῦμα δι' αὐτοῦ. Ὅρα εὐθέως ἐν προοιμίοις τοῦ βιβλίου ὁποίᾳ κέχρηται διδασκαλίᾳ. Ὁρᾷς, ὅτι οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἶπον ἀρχόμενος τῆς συγγραφῆς, ὅτι τοῦ Πνεύματός ἐστι πολιτεία τὸ βιβλίον τοῦτο; Ἣν προεῖπε, φησὶ, τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον διὰ στόματος Δαυΐδ. Σκόπει, πῶς τὸν προφήτην οἰκειοῦται, καὶ αὐτὸν ἄγει εἰς μέσον, εἰδὼς, ὅτι αὐτοὺς ὠφελεῖ τὸ διὰ Δαυῒδ εἰρῆσθαι, καὶ μὴ δι' ἄλλου προφήτου. Περὶ Ἰούδα, φησὶ, τοῦ ὁδηγοῦ γενομένου. Ὅρα καὶ ἐνταῦθα τὸ φιλόσοφον τοῦ ἀνδρός. Οὐχ ὑβρίζει οὐδὲ ἐνάλλεται, λέγων, Τοῦ μιαροῦ καὶ παμμιάρου: ἀλλ' ἁπλῶς τὸ γενόμενον δηλοῖ: οὐδὲ λέγει, Τοῦ προδόντος, ἀλλ' ἐφ' ἑτέρους βιάζεται μεταθεῖναι τὸ ἔγκλημα, ὅσον εἰς αὐτὸν ἧκε. Καὶ οὐδὲ ἐκείνων σφόδρα καθάπτεται Τοῦ γενομένου γὰρ, φησὶν, ὁδηγοῦ τοῖς συλλαβοῦσι τὸν Ἰησοῦν. Καὶ πρὶν ἢ εἰπεῖν, ποῦ εἶπεν ὁ Δαυῒδ, λέγει τὰ πεπραγμένα αὐτῷ, ἵνα ἀπὸ τῶν παρόντων καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα πιστώσηται, καὶ δείξῃ ἤδη δεδωκότα δίκην. Ὅτι κατηριθμημένος ἦν σὺν ἡμῖν, καὶ ἔλαχε τὸν κλῆρον τῆς διακονίας ταύτης. Οὗτος μὲν οὖν ἐκτήσατο χωρίον ἐκ μισθοῦ τῆς ἀδικίας. Ἠθικὸν ποιεῖ τὸν λόγον, καὶ λανθανόντως τὴν αἰτίαν παιδευτικὴν οὖσαν ἀποκαλύπτει. Οὐ λέγει γὰρ, ὅτι οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, ἀλλ' οὗτος αὐτὸ ἐκτήσατο. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ αἱ ψυχαὶ τῶν ἀσθενῶν οὐχ οὕτω πρὸς τὰ μέλλοντα ὁρῶσιν, ὡς πρὸς τὰ παρόντα, περὶ τῆς παρούσης δίκης διαλέγεται. Καὶ πρηνὴς γενόμενος ἐλάκησε μέσος. Καλῶς οὐκ ἐν τῷ ἁμαρτήματι, ἀλλ' ἐν τῇ τιμωρίᾳ τὸν λόγον ἐπῆρε. Καὶ ἐξεχύθη, φησὶ, πάντα τὰ σπλάγχνα αὐτοῦ. Τοῦτο παραμυθίαν ἐκείνοις ἔφερε. Καὶ γνωστὸν ἐγένετο πᾶσι τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν Ἱερουσαλὴμ, ὥστε κληθῆναι τὸ χωρίον ἐκεῖνο τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ αὐτῶν Ἀκελδαμὰ, τουτέστι, χωρίον αἵματος. βʹ. Οἱ μὲν οὖν Ἰουδαῖοι ταύτῃ τῇ προσηγορίᾳ ἐκάλεσαν αὐτὸ, οὐ διὰ τοῦτο, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸν Ἰούδαν: οὗτος δὲ εἰς τοῦτο αὐτὸ μετήγαγε, μάρτυρας τοὺς ἐχθροὺς φέρων. Τῷ τε γὰρ εἰπεῖν, ὅτι ὠνόμασαν, καὶ τῷ ἐπαγαγεῖν, Τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ αὐτῶν, τοῦτο δηλοῦν βούλεται. Εἶτα μετὰ τὴν ἔκβασιν οἰκείως ἐπεισάγει τὸν προφήτην λέγων: Γέγραπται γὰρ ἐν βίβλῳ Ψαλμῶν: Γενηθήτω ἡ ἔπαυλις αὐτῶν ἔρημος, καὶ μὴ ἔστω ὁ κατοικῶν ἐν αὐτῇ. Τοῦτο περὶ τοῦ χωρίου καὶ τῆς οἰκίας. Καὶ τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν αὐτοῦ λαβέτω ἕτερος: τουτέστι, τὴν ἀρχὴν, τὴν ἱερωσύνην. Ὥστε οὐκ ἐμῇ γνώμῃ τοῦτο τυγχάνει, ἀλλ' ἐκείνου τοῦ ταῦτα προειρηκότος. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ δόξῃ μεγάλῳ πράγματι ἐπιχειρεῖν, καὶ τοιούτῳ οἵῳ ὁ Χριστὸς, ἐπήγαγε μάρτυρα τὸν προφήτην. Δεῖ οὖν, φησὶ, τῶν συνελθόντων ὑμῖν ἀνδρῶν ἐν παντὶ χρόνῳ. Διατί κοινοῦται αὐτοῖς; Ἵνα μὴ περιμάχητον τὸ πρᾶγμα γένηται, καὶ εἰς φιλονεικίαν ἐμπέσωσιν. Εἰ γὰρ αὐτοὶ τοῦτο ἔπαθον, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐκεῖνοι. Καὶ ἀεὶ τοῦτο παραιτεῖται. Διὰ τοῦτο ἀρχόμενος ἔλεγεν: Ἄνδρες ἀδελφοὶ, δεῖ ἐκλέξασθαι ἐξ ἡμῶν. Τῷ πλήθει τὴν κρίσιν ἐπιτρέπει, τούς τε γινομένους αἰδεσίμους ποιῶν, καὶ αὐτὸς ἀπαλλαττόμενος ἀπεχθείας τῆς πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους. Μεγάλα γὰρ ἀεὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐργάζεται κακά. Ὅτι μὲν οὖν δεῖ γενέσθαι, τὸν προφήτην παράγει μάρτυρα: ἐκ τίνων δὲ δεῖ, αὐτὸς ἑρμηνεύει λέγων: Ἐκ τῶν συνελθόντων ἡμῖν ἐν παντὶ χρόνῳ. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ εἶπε, τοὺς ἐπιεικεῖς δεῖ παρεῖναι, τοὺς ἄλλους ἂν ὕβρισε: νῦν δὲ τῷ χρόνῳ τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐπέτρεψεν, οὐχ ἁπλῶς Συνελθόντας εἰπὼν, ἀλλ' Ἐν παντὶ χρόνῳ, ἐν ᾧ εἰσῆλθε καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἐφ' ἡμᾶς ὁ Κύριος Ἰησοῦς, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ βαπτίσματος Ἰωάννου, ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἧς ἀνελήφθη ἀφ' ἡμῶν, μάρτυρα τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ σὺν ἡμῖν γενέσθαι ἕνα τούτων. Ἵνα τί γένηται; Ἵνα μὴ ἠκρωτηριασμένος ὁ χορὸς εἴη. Τί οὖν; ἑλέσθαι τὸν Πέτρον αὐτὸν οὐκ ἐνῆν; Καὶ πάνυ γε: ἀλλ' ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ χαρίζεσθαι, τοῦτο οὐ ποιεῖ. Ἄλλως δὲ καὶ Πνεύματος ἄμοιρος ἦν ἔτι. Καὶ ἔστησαν, φησὶ, δύο, Ἰωσὴφ τὸν καλούμενον Βαρσαβᾶν, ὃς ἐπεκλήθη Ἰοῦστος, καὶ Ματθίαν. Οὐχὶ αὐτὸς αὐτοὺς ἔστησεν, ἀλλὰ πάντες. Τὴν γνώμην δὲ αὐτὸς εἰσηγήσατο, δείξας οὐδὲ αὐτὴν αὐτοῦ οὖσαν, ἀλλ' ἄνωθεν κατὰ προφητείαν: ὥστε ἐξηγητὴς γέγονεν, οὐ διδάσκαλος. Ἰωσὴφ τὸν καλούμενον Βαρσαβᾶν, ὃς ἐπεκλήθη Ἰοῦστος. Ἴσως διὰ τὰς ὁμωνυμίας ἀμφότερα τέθεικεν: ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις πολλαὶ ὁμωνυμίαι ἦσαν: Ἰάκωβος ὁ Ζεβεδαίου, καὶ Ἰάκωβος ὁ τοῦ Ἀλφαίου, Σίμων Πέτρος καὶ Σίμων ὁ Ζηλωτής: Ἰούδας Ἰακώβου, καὶ Ἰούδας ὁ Ἰσκαριώτης. Ἄλλως δὲ καὶ μεταβολῆς βίου, ἴσως δὲ καὶ προαιρέσεως ἦν ἡ ὀνομασία. Ἔστησαν, φησὶν, Ἰωσὴφ τὸν καλούμενον Βαρσαβᾶν, ὃς ἐπεκλήθη Ἰοῦστος, καὶ Ματθίαν. Καὶ προσευξάμενοι εἶπον: Σὺ, Κύριε, καρδιογνῶστα πάντων, ἀνάδειξον, ὃν ἐξελέξω ἐκ τούτων τῶν δύο ἕνα λαβεῖν τὸν κλῆρον τῆς διακονίας ταύτης καὶ ἀποστολῆς, ἐξ ἧς παρέβη Ἰούδας πορευθῆναι εἰς τὸν τόπον τὸν ἴδιον. Καλῶς λέγουσιν ἐκείνου τὸ ἁμάρτημα, δεικνύντες, ὅτι μάρτυρα αἰτοῦσιν, οὐ πλεονάζοντες τὸν ἀριθμὸν, ἀλλ' ἐλαττωθῆναι οὐκ ἐῶντες. Καὶ ἔδωκαν κλήρους αὐτῶν (οὐδέπω γὰρ Πνεῦμα ἦν), καὶ ὁ κλῆρος ἐπὶ Ματθίαν ἔπεσε, καὶ συγκατεψηφίσθη μετὰ τῶν ἕνδεκα ἀποστόλων. Τότε, φησὶν, ὑπέστρεψαν εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἀπὸ ὄρους τοῦ καλουμένου Ἐλαιῶνος, ὅ ἐστιν ἐγγὺς Ἱερουσαλὴμ, σαββάτου ἔχον ὁδόν. Τοῦτό φησιν, ἵνα δείξῃ, ὅτι μακρὰν οὐ βαδίζουσιν ὁδὸν, ὡς φόβον τινὰ μὴ γενέσθαι τρέμουσιν ἔτι καὶ δεδοικόσιν αὐτοῖς. Καὶ ὅτε εἰσῆλθον, ἀνέβησαν εἰς τὸ ὑπερῷον. Οὐκ ἐτόλμησαν γὰρ φανῆναι ἐπὶ τῆς πόλεως. Καὶ καλῶς εἰς τὸ ὑπερῷον ἀνέβησαν, ὥστε μὴ εἶναι εὔκολον ἐκ τοῦ ἑτοίμου συλληφθῆναι αὐτούς. Καὶ ἦσαν, φησὶ, προσκαρτεροῦντες ὁμοθυμαδὸν τῇ προσευχῇ. Ὁρᾷς, πῶς ἐγρηγορότες ἦσαν τῇ προσευχῇ προσκαρτεροῦντες, καὶ ὁμοθυμαδὸν ὥσπερ ἐκ μιᾶς ψυχῆς προσκαρτεροῦντες; Δύο αὐτοῖς μαρτυρεῖ. Ὁ μὲν Ἰωσὴφ ἴσως τετελευτηκὼς ἦν. Οὐ γὰρ ἂν τῶν ἀδελφῶν πιστευσάντων ἐκεῖνος ἠπίστησεν ὁ πρὸ πάντων πιστεύσας: ἀμέλει γοῦν οὐδὲ ἁπλῶς φαίνεται οὐδαμοῦ ὡς ἀνθρώπῳ προέχων, καθάπερ ἡ μήτηρ ἔλεγεν: Ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ πατήρ σου ὀδυνώμενοι ἐζητοῦμέν σε. Ὥστε πρὸ πάντων αὐτὸς ἔγνω τοῦτον. Πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ἔλεγεν ὁ Χριστός: Οὐ δύναται ὁ κόσμος ὑμᾶς μισεῖν, ἐμὲ δὲ μισεῖ. Καὶ ὅρα τὴν ἐπιείκειαν Ἰακώβου. Αὐτὸς ἔλαβε τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν τὴν ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις, καὶ ὅμως τότε οὐδὲν διαλέγεται. Ὅρα δὲ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων μαθητῶν τὴν πολλὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην, πῶς αὐτῷ συγχωροῦσι τοῦ θρόνου, καὶ οὐκ ἔτι ἀμφισβητοῦσι πρὸς ἀλλήλους. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐν οὐρανῷ ἡ Ἐκκλησία ἐκείνη ἦν, οὐδὲν ἔχουσα βιωτικὸν, οὐ τοίχοις, οὐδὲ μαρμάροις, ἀλλὰ προθυμίᾳ τῶν συνιόντων ἀπολάμπουσα. Ὡς ἑκατὸν εἴκοσιν ἦσαν, φησίν: οἱ ἑβδομήκοντα ἴσως, οὓς αὐτὸς ἐξελέξατο, ἢ καὶ ἄλλοι τῶν σπουδαιοτέρων, οἷον ὁ Ἰωσὴφ καὶ ὁ Ματθίας: καὶ γυναῖκες ἦσαν πολλαὶ, αἳ ἠκολούθουν αὐτῷ, ἐπιτοαυτὸ πανταχοῦ ἦσαν. γʹ. Αὕτη πρόνοια διδασκάλου. Πρῶτος οὗτος διδάσκαλον κατέστησεν. Οὐκ εἶπεν, ὅτι Ἀρκοῦμεν ἡμεῖς: οὕτω πάσης κενοδοξίας ἐκτὸς ἦν, καὶ πρὸς ἓν ἑώρα μόνον, καίτοι οὐδὲ ἰσότυπον ἅπασιν εἶχε τὴν κατάστασιν ἀλλ' εἰκότως ταῦτα ἐγένετο διὰ τὴν ἀρετὴν τοῦ ἀνδρός: καὶ ὅτι τότε ἡ ἐπιστασία ἦν, οὐ τιμὴ, ἀλλὰ πρόνοια τῶν ἀρχομένων. Τοῦτο οὔτε τοὺς αἱρουμένους ἐποίει ἐπαίρεσθαι: ἐπὶ γὰρ κινδύνους ἐκαλοῦντο: οὔτε τοὺς μὴ αἱρεθέντας ὡς ἀτιμασθέντας ἀλγεῖν. Ἀλλ' οὐχὶ νῦν οὕτω γίνεται, ἀλλ' ἅπαν τοὐναντίον. Ὅρα γὰρ, ἑκατὸν εἴκοσιν ἦσαν, καὶ ἕνα αἰτεῖ ἀπὸ παντὸς τοῦ πλήθους: εἰκότως. Πρῶτος τοῦ πράγματος αὐθεντεῖ, ἅτε αὐτὸς πάντας ἐγχειρισθείς. Πρὸς γὰρ τοῦτον εἶπεν ὁ Χριστός: Καὶ σύ ποτε ἐπιστρέψας, στήριξον τοὺς ἀδελφούς σου. Ὅτι Κατηριθμημένος ἦν, φησὶ, σὺν ἡμῖν. Διὰ τοῦτο προσήκει ἕτερον προβάλλεσθαι, ὥστε μάρτυρα γενέσθαι εἰς τὸν ἐκείνου τόπον. Καὶ ὅρα, πῶς τὸν διδάσκαλον μιμεῖται, πανταχοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν Γραφῶν διαλεγόμενος, καὶ οὐδὲν περὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ λέγων οὐδέπω, ὅτι προεῖπε πολλάκις αὐτός. Καὶ οὐ λέγει, ἔνθα τῆς προδοσίας αὐτοῦ μέμνηται: οἷον, Στόμα ἁμαρτωλοῦ, καὶ στόμα δολίου ἐπ' ἐμὲ ἠνοίχθη: ἀλλ' ἔνθα τῆς τιμωρίας αὐτοῦ μόνον τὴν μνήμην ἐποιήσατο: τοῦτο γὰρ αὐτοὺς τέως ὠφέλει. Τοῦτο μάλιστα δείκνυσι πάλιν τοῦ Δεσπότου τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν. Ὅτι Κατηριθμημένος ἦν, φησὶ, σὺν ἡμῖν, καὶ ἔλαχε τὸν κλῆρον τῆς διακονίας ταύτης. Κλῆρον αὐτὸν πανταχοῦ καλεῖ, δεικνὺς τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ χάριτος τὸ πᾶν ὂν, καὶ τῆς ἐκλογῆς, καὶ ἀναμιμνήσκων αὐτοὺς τῶν παλαιῶν, ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς αὐτὸν ἐκληρώσατο, καθάπερ τοὺς Λευΐτας, καὶ ἐνδιατρίβει τοῖς περὶ αὐτοῦ, ὁ τῆς προδοσίας μισθὸς αὐτὸς καὶ τῆς τιμωρίας γέγονε κήρυξ. Ἐκτήσατο γὰρ, φησὶ, χωρίον ἐκ μισθοῦ τῆς ἀδικίας. Ὅρα πῶς Θεοῦ οἰκονομία τὸ γεγονὸς ἦν. Τῆς ἀδικίας, φησί. Πολλαὶ αἱ ἀδικίαι, ἀλλὰ ταύτης οὐδὲν ἀδικώτερον γέγονέ ποτε, ὥστε ἀδικίας ἦν τὸ πρᾶγμα. Οὐχὶ δὲ μόνον τοῖς παροῦσι γέγονε δῆλον τὸ γενόμενον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς μετὰ ταῦτα, ὥστε ἄκοντες ὠνόμασαν οὐκ εἰδότες, καθάπερ καὶ Καϊάφας προεφήτευσεν οὐκ εἰδώς. Ὁ Θεὸς αὐτοὺς ἠνάγκασεν οὕτω καλέσαι Ἑβραϊστὶ Ἀκελδαμά. Ἀπὸ τούτου καὶ τὰ Ἰουδαίοις ἐπιέναι μέλλοντα κακὰ δῆλα ἦν: καὶ δείκνυσι τέως τὴν πρόῤῥησιν ἐξελθοῦσαν ἐκ μέρους, τὴν λέγουσαν: Καλὸν ἦν αὐτῷ, εἰ οὐκ ἐγεννήθη ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος. Καὶ περὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων τὰ αὐτὰ ἁρμόζει λέγειν. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ γενόμενος ὁδηγὸς, πολλῷ μᾶλλον καὶ οὗτοι. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τούτων λέγει τέως, Εἶτα δεικνὺς, ὅτι περὶ αὐτοῦ εἰκότως ἂν λέγοιτο Ἀκελδαμὰ, ἐνάγει τὸν προφήτην λέγοντα, Γενηθήτω ἡ ἔπαυλις αὐτοῦ ἔρημος. Τί γὰρ ἐρημότερον τοῦ τάφον γενέσθαι; Ὥστε καὶ εἰκότως ἂν αὐτοῦ κληθείη τὸ χωρίον. Ὁ γὰρ τὸ τίμημα καταβαλὼν, εἰ καὶ ἕτεροι οἱ ἠγορακότες εἶεν, αὐτὸς ἂν εἴη δίκαιος λογίζεσθαι κύριος ἐρημώσεως μεγάλης. Αὕτη ἡ ἐρήμωσις προοίμιον τῆς Ἰουδαϊκῆς, εἴ γέ τις ἀκριβῶς ἐξετάσειε. Καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι ἑαυτοὺς ἀνεῖλον λιμῷ καὶ πολλοὺς ἀπέκτειναν, καὶ τάφος γέγονεν ἡ πόλις, τῶν ξένων, τῶν στρατιωτῶν: ἐκείνους γὰρ οὐδ' ἂν εἴασαν ταφῆναι, οὐδὲ γὰρ ταφῆς κατηξιώθησαν. Δεῖ οὖν τῶν συνελθόντων ἡμῖν, φησὶν, ἀνδρῶν. Ὅρα, πῶς βούλεται αὐτόπτας αὐτοὺς εἶναι. Καίτοιγε ἔμελλε παρέσεσθαι τὸ Πνεῦμα: ἀλλ' ὅμως πολλὴ σπουδὴ περὶ τούτου ἦν. Τῶν συνελθόντων ἡμῖν ἀνδρῶν, φησὶν, ἐν παντὶ χρόνῳ, ἐν ᾧ εἰσῆλθε καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἐφ' ἡμᾶς ὁ Κύριος Ἰησοῦς. Δείκνυσιν αὐτοὺς συνῳκηκότας αὐτῷ οὐχ ἁπλῶς ὡς μαθητὰς παρόντας. Ἄρα καὶ ἐξ ἀρχῆς τότε πολλοὶ παρηκολούθουν αὐτῷ. Ὅρα γοῦν, πῶς τοῦτο δηλοῖ, ὅταν λέγῃ: Ἦν εἷς ἐκ τῶν δύο τῶν ἀκουσάντων παρὰ Ἰωάννου, καὶ ἀκολουθησάντων τῷ Ἰησοῦ. Ἐν παντὶ χρόνῳ, φησὶν, ἐν ᾧ εἰσῆλθε καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἐφ' ἡμᾶς ὁ Κύριος Ἰησοῦς, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ βαπτίσματος Ἰωάννου. Καλῶς. Τὰ γὰρ πρὸ τούτου οὐδεὶς ᾔδει μαθὼν, ἀλλὰ Πνεύματι ἐμάνθανον. Ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας, φησὶν, ἧς ἀνελήφθη ἀφ' ἡμῶν, μάρτυρα τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ σὺν ἡμῖν γενέσθαι ἕνα τούτων. Οὐκ εἶπε, Τῶν ἄλλων μάρτυρα, ἀλλὰ, Τῆς ἀναστάσεως μόνης μάρτυρα. Καὶ γὰρ ἀξιοπιστότερος ἦν ὁ δυνάμενος εἰπεῖν, ὅτι Ἐκεῖνος ὁ φαγὼν, καὶ πιὼν, καὶ σταυρωθεὶς, αὐτὸς ἀνέστη. Ὥστε οὔτε τῶν πρὸ τούτου χρόνων, οὔτε τῶν μετὰ ταῦτα ἔδει μάρτυρα εἶναι καὶ τῶν σημείων. Τὸ γὰρ ζητούμενον τοῦτο ἦν, ἡ ἀνάστασις: ἐπεὶ ἐκεῖνα δῆλα ἦν καὶ ὡμολογημένα, αὕτη δὲ λάθρα γέγονε, καὶ τούτοις μόνοις ἦν δήλη. Καὶ οὐ λέγουσιν, ὅτι Ἄγγελοι εἶπον ἡμῖν ἀλλ' ὅτι Ἑωράκαμεν ἡμεῖς. Πόθεν δῆλον; Ἐξ ὧν θαυματουργοῦμεν. Διὰ τοῦτο μάλιστα τότε αὐτοὺς ἀξιοπίστους ἔδει εἶναι. Καὶ ἔστησαν, φησὶ, δύο. Διατί μὴ πολλούς; Ἵνα μὴ μείζων ἡ ἀθυμία γένηται, μηδὲ εἰς πολλοὺς τὸ πρᾶγμα περιστῇ. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς δὲ προστίθησιν ἐκεῖνον, ἀλλὰ δεικνὺς, ὅτι πολλάκις ὁ παρὰ ἀνθρώποις τίμιος, παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ ἐλάττων ἐστί. Καὶ κοινῇ δὲ πάντες εὔχονται λέγοντες: Σὺ, Κύριε, καρδιογνῶστα πάντων, ἀνάδειξον. Σὺ, φησὶ, μὴ ἡμεῖς. Εὐκαίρως καρδιογνώστην καλοῦσιν, ἀπὸ γὰρ τούτου αἱρεῖσθαι ἐχρῆν, οὐχὶ τῶν ἔξωθεν. Οὕτως ἐθάῤῥουν, ὅτι πάντως ἕνα δεῖ γενέσθαι. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπον, Ἔκλεξαι, ἀλλὰ, Ἀνάδειξον τὸν ἐκλεγέντα, φησὶν, Ὃν ἐξελέξω: εἰδότες πάντα προωρίσθαι τῷ Θεῷ. Ἐκ τούτων τῶν δύο ἕνα λαχεῖν τὸν κλῆρον τῆς διακονίας ταύτης καὶ ἀποστολῆς. Ἦν γὰρ καὶ ἄλλη διακονία. Καὶ ἔδωκαν αὐτοῖς κλήρους. Οὔπω γὰρ ἑαυτοὺς ἀξίους ἡγοῦντο ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν ἐκλέξασθαι: διὸ καὶ αἰτοῦσι διά τινος σημείου μαθεῖν. δʹ. Ἄλλως δὲ, εἰ ἔνθα οὔτε εὐχὴ, οὔτε ἀξιόλογοι ἄνδρες, κλῆρος τοσοῦτον ἴσχυσε, διὰ τὸ ἐξ ὀρθῆς γενέσθαι γνώμης ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἰωνᾶ: πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐνταῦθα ἐπλήρωσε τὸν χορὸν, ἀπήρτισε τὴν τάξιν. Καὶ ὁ ἕτερος οὐκ ἤλγησεν: οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἀπέκρυψαν τὰ οἰκεῖα ἐλαττώματα οἱ ἀπόστολοι: οἵ γε περὶ αὐτῶν τῶν κορυφαίων εἰπεῖν οὐκ ἀπέσχοντο, ὅτι ἠγανάκτησαν ἀλλαχοῦ: καὶ οὐχ ἅπαξ, ἀλλὰ καὶ δὶς καὶ πολλάκις. Τούτους οὖν καὶ ἡμεῖς μιμησώμεθα. Οὐκ ἔτι μοι πρὸς πάντας ὁ λόγος, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τοὺς ἀρχῆς ἐφιεμένους. Εἰ πιστεύεις, ὅτι Θεοῦ ἐστιν ἐκλογὴ, μὴ ἀγανάκτει: ἐκείνῳ γὰρ ἀγανακτεῖς, καὶ πρὸς ἐκεῖνον παροξύνῃ: ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν ὁ ἐκλεξάμενος. Εἰ δὲ αὐτὸς μὲν ἐξελέξατο, σὺ δὲ τολμᾷς τούτῳ ἀγανακτεῖν, ταὐτὸν ποιεῖς οἷον ὁ Κάϊν. Δέον γὰρ ἀποδέξασθαι, ὁ δὲ ὅτι προετιμήθη ἡ θυσία τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ, ἐλυπήθη: ἠγανάκτησε, δέον κατανυγῆναι. Ἐγὼ δὲ οὐ τοῦτο λέγω, ἀλλ' ὅτι συμφερόντως οἶδεν οἰκονομεῖν ὁ Θεός. Πολλάκις γὰρ τὸ μὲν ἦθος ἐπιεικέστερος σὺ, οὐκ ἐπιτήδειος δέ. Πάλιν ἔστι σοὶ μὲν βίος ἄληπτος καὶ ἦθος ἐλευθέριον, ἐν δὲ Ἐκκλησίᾳ οὐ τούτων δεῖ μόνον. Ἄλλως δὲ καὶ ἄλλος πρὸς ἄλλο ἁρμόδιός ἐστιν. Οὐχ ὁρᾷς, ὅσον ὑπὲρ τούτων πεποίηται λόγον ἡ θεία Γραφή; Ἀλλ' εἴπω, τίνος ἕνεκεν περιμάχητον τὸ πρᾶγμα γέγονεν: ὅτι οὐχ ὡς ἐπὶ ἀρχὴν, καὶ προστασίαν ἀδελφῶν ἐρχόμεθα, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐπὶ τιμὴν καὶ ἀνάπαυσιν. Εἰ γὰρ ᾔδεις, ὅτι πάντων ὀφείλει εἶναι ὁ ἐπίσκοπος, τὰ πάντων βάρη βαστάζων: ὅτι τοῖς μὲν ἄλλοις ὀργιζομένοις συγγνώμη, αὐτῷ δὲ οὐδαμοῦ: ὅτι τοῖς ἄλλοις ἁμαρτάνουσι παραίτησις πολλὴ, αὐτῷ δὲ οὐκ ἔτι, οὐκ ἂν ἔσπευσας ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν, οὐκ ἂν ἔδραμες. Καὶ γὰρ οὗτος τοῖς ἁπάντων ὑπόκειται στόμασι, ταῖς ἁπάντων κρίσεσι, καὶ σοφῶν, καὶ ἀσόφων: φροντίσι καθ' ἑκάστην κόπτεται τὴν ἡμέραν, καθ' ἑκάστην νύκτα: πολλοὺς ἔχει τοὺς μισοῦντας, πολλοὺς ἔχει τοὺς διαφθονουμένους. Μὴ γάρ μοι περὶ ἐκείνων εἴπῃς τῶν πάντα χαριζομένων, τῶν καθεύδειν βουλομένων, τῶν ὡς ἐπὶ ἀνάπαυσιν εἰς τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐρχομένων. Οὐ περὶ τούτων ὁ λόγος, ἀλλὰ περὶ ἐκείνων τῶν ἀγρυπνούντων ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν, τῶν τῆς οἰκείας σωτηρίας τὴν τῶν ἀρχομένων προτιθέντων. Εἰπέ μοι, εἰ δέκα τις παῖδας ἔχων ὑποχειρίους συνοικοῦντας αὐτῷ διαπαντὸς, ἀδιαλείπτως αὐτῶν ἀναγκάζεται φροντίζειν, τοσούτους ἔχων οὗτος οὐχ ὑποχειρίους, οὐ συνοικοῦντας, ἀλλ' ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ τὴν ὑπακοὴν ἔχοντας, τίς οὐκ ὀφείλει γενέσθαι; Ἀλλὰ τιμᾶται, φησίν. Ποίᾳ τιμῇ; Πένητες τριωβολιμαῖοι βλασφημοῦσιν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς. Τί οὖν αὐτοὺς οὐκ ἐπιστομίζει; Πάνυ γε. Οὐ γὰρ ἐπισκόπου λέγεις ἔργον. Πάλιν, ἂν μὴ πᾶσι παρέχῃ, καὶ τοῖς ἐν ἀργίᾳ, καὶ τοῖς ἐργαζομένοις, μυρία πανταχόθεν ἐγκλήματα: οὐδεὶς δέδοικε κατηγορῆσαι καὶ διαβαλεῖν: ἐπὶ μὲν γὰρ τῶν ἀρχόντων ὁ φόβος ἔπεστιν, ἐπὶ δὲ τούτων οὐχί. Ὁ γὰρ φόβος τοῦ Θεοῦ παρ' αὐτοῖς οὐδὲν ἰσχύει. Τί ἄν τις εἴποι τὴν περὶ τὸν λόγον καὶ τὴν διδασκαλίαν φροντίδα; τὴν δυσκολίαν τὴν ἐν ταῖς χειροτονίαις; Τάχα ἢ σφόδρα ἀσθενὴς ἐγὼ τυγχάνω καὶ ταλαίπωρος καὶ οὐδαμινὸς, ἢ τὸ πρᾶγμα οὕτως ἔχει. Οὐδὲν πλοίου κλυδωνιζομένου διενήνοχεν ἡ τοῦ ἱερέως ψυχή: πανταχόθεν στίζεται, παρὰ φίλων, παρ' ἐχθρῶν, παρ' οἰκείων, παρ' ἀλλοτρίων. Οὐχὶ τῆς οἰκουμένης ὁ βασιλεύων κρατεῖ: οὗτος δὲ πόλεως μόνης; Ἀλλὰ τοσοῦτον μείζους εἰσὶν αἱ φροντίδες τούτου, ὅσον ὕδατος ἁπλῶς ὑπὸ πνεύματος κινουμένου ποταμίου, καὶ πελάγους οἰδοῦντος, καὶ μαινομένου τὸ διάφορον. Τί δήποτε; Ὅτι ἐκεῖ μὲν πολλοὶ οἱ συναντιλαμβανόμενοι (πάντα γὰρ νόμῳ καὶ διατάξει γίνεται): ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον, οὐδὲ ἀπ' ἐξουσίας ἔστιν ἐπιτάξαι: ἀλλ' ἂν μὲν σφοδρῶς κινηθῇ, ἀκούει ὠμός: ἂν δὲ μὴ σφοδρῶς, ψυχρός. Δεῖ δὲ ταῦτα τὰ ἐναντία συνελθεῖν, ὥστε μήτε καταφρονεῖσθαι, μήτε μισεῖσθαι. Ἄλλως δὲ καὶ τὰ πράγματα προκατείληπται. Πόσους ἀναγκάζεται σκανδαλίζειν, καὶ ἑκὼν καὶ ἄκων! πόσους πλήττειν, καὶ ἑκὼν καὶ ἄκων! Οὐκ ἄλλως λέγω, ἀλλ' ὡς ἔχω καὶ διάκειμαι. Οὐκ οἶμαι εἶναι πολλοὺς ἐν τοῖς ἱερεῦσι τοὺς σωζομένους, ἀλλὰ πολλῷ πλείους τοὺς ἀπολλυμένους: τὸ δὲ αἴτιον, ὅτι μεγάλης τὸ πρᾶγμα δεῖται ψυχῆς. Πολλὰς γὰρ ἀνάγκας ἔχει τὰς ἐξαγούσας τοῦ οἰκείου ἤθους, καὶ μυρίων αὐτῷ πανταχόθεν ὀφθαλμῶν δεῖ. Οὐχ ὁρᾷς, ὅσα δεῖ τὸν ἐπίσκοπον ἔχειν; Διδακτικὸν εἶναι, ἀνεξίκακον, ἀντεχόμενον τοῦ κατὰ τὴν διδαχὴν πιστοῦ λόγου. Πόσης τοῦτο δυσκολίας; Καὶ τῶν τοῖς ἄλλοις ἁμαρτανομένων αὐτὸς ἔχει τὰς αἰτίας. Οὐ λέγω τῶν ἄλλων οὐδέν: ἂν εἷς μόνον ἀπέλθῃ ἀμύητος, οὐχὶ πᾶσαν αὐτοῦ κατέστρεψε τὴν σωτηρίαν; Ψυχῆς γὰρ ἀπώλεια μιᾶς τοσαύτην ἔχει ζημίαν, ὅσην οὐδεὶς παραστῆσαι δύναται λόγος. Εἰ γὰρ ἡ σωτηρία αὐτῆς τοσούτου ἀξία, ὥστε τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωπον γενέσθαι, καὶ τοσαῦτα παθεῖν: ἡ ἀπώλεια ἐννόησον ὅσην οἴσει τὴν τιμωρίαν. Εἰ δι' ὃν ἀπόλλυταί τις, ἐν τῷ παρόντι βίῳ ἄξιος ἀποθανεῖν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐκεῖ. Μὴ γάρ μοι εἴπῃς, ὅτι ὁ πρεσβύτερος ἥμαρτε, μηδὲ ὅτι ὁ διάκονος: πάντων τούτων ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τῶν χειροτονησάντων αἱ αἰτίαι φέρονται. Πάλιν ἕτερον εἴπω. Συμβαίνει τινὰ κλῆρον διαδέξασθαι ἀνδρῶν μοχθηρῶν: τί χρὴ βουλεύσασθαι ἀπορεῖ ἐπὶ ἁμαρτήμασι προλαβοῦσι. Δύο γὰρ οἱ κρημνοὶ, καὶ δεῖ μήτε ἀφεῖναι ἐκεῖνον, καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους μὴ σκανδαλίσαι. Ἐκκόψαι τοίνυν δεῖ πρῶτον; Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστι παροῦσα πρόφασις. Ἀλλ' ἀφεῖναι; Ναὶ, φησί: τοῦ γὰρ χειροτονήσαντος ἡ αἰτία. Τί οὖν; οὐ δεῖ χειροτονῆσαι, οὐδὲ ἐφ' ἕτερον βαθμὸν ἀγαγεῖν; Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο πᾶσιν ἔσται δῆλον, ὅτι μοχθηρός τίς ἐστι. Πάλιν οὖν ἑτέρως ἐσκανδάλισεν. Ἀλλ' ἀγαγεῖν ἐπὶ μείζονα βαθμόν; Τοῦτο πολλῷ χαλεπώτερον. εʹ. Ὥστε εἴ τις ὡς ἐπὶ προστασίαν ἔτρεχε τὴν ἀρχιερωσύνην, οὐδεὶς ἂν αὐτὴν ἐδέξατο ταχέως. Νῦν δὲ, ὥσπερ τὰς ἔξωθεν ἀρχὰς, οὕτω καὶ ταύτην διώκομεν. Ἵνα γὰρ δοξασθῶμεν, ἵνα τιμηθῶμεν παρὰ ἀνθρώποις, ἀπολλύμεθα παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ. Τί τὸ κέρδος τῆς τιμῆς; πῶς ἐλήλεγκται οὐδὲν οὖσα; Ὅταν ἐπιθυμήσῃς ἱερωσύνης, ἀντίστησον τὴν γέενναν, ἀντίστησον τὰς εὐθύνας τὰς ἐκεῖ, ἀντίστησον τὸν ἀπράγμονα βίον, ἀντίστησον τῆς κολάσεως τὸ μέτρον: ὅτι κἂν ἁμάρτῃς κατὰ σαυτὸν, οὐδὲν πείσῃ τοιοῦτον: ἂν δὲ ἱερεὺς ὢν, ἀπόλωλας. Ἐννόησον, ὅσα ὑπέμεινεν, ὅσα ἐφιλοσόφησεν ὁ Μωϋσῆς, ὅσα ἐπεδείξατο ἀγαθά: καὶ ἵνα ἓν ἁμάρτῃ ἁμάρτημα μόνον, ἐκολάζετο πικρῶς: εἰκότως. Μετὰ γὰρ τῆς τῶν ἄλλων ζημίας τοῦτο γέγονεν: ὥστε πικρότερον ἐκολάζετο, οὐ τῷ φανερὸν γενέσθαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ ἱερέως εἶναι τὸ ἁμάρτημα οὐ τὴν αὐτὴν γὰρ τιμωρίαν διδόαμεν τῶν τε φανερῶν, καὶ τῶν λάθρα ἁμαρτανομένων. Ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἁμαρτία ἡ αὐτὴ, ἡ δὲ ζημία οὐχ ἡ αὐτὴ, μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ ἡ ἁμαρτία: οὐ γάρ ἐστι τὸ αὐτὸ, λανθάνοντα καὶ κρυπτόμενον ἁμαρτάνειν, καὶ φανερῶς. Τὸν δὲ ἐπίσκοπον οὐκ ἔνι λάθρα ἁμαρτάνειν. Ἀγαπητὸν γὰρ μὴ ἁμαρτάνοντα ἀπαλλαγῆναι ἐγκλημάτων, μή τί γε ἁμαρτάνοντα. Κἂν ὀργισθῇ, κἂν γελάσῃ, κἂν ἀνέσεως ὄναρ ἐπιθυμήσῃ, πολλοὶ οἱ σκώπτοντες, πολλοὶ οἱ σκανδαλιζόμενοι, πολλοὶ οἱ νομοθετοῦντες, πολλοὶ οἱ τῶν προτέρων μεμνημένοι, καὶ τὸν παρόντα κακίζοντες: καὶ ταῦτα ποιοῦσιν, οὐκ ἐκείνους ἐγκωμιάσαι βουλόμενοι: ἀλλὰ τοῦτον δακεῖν, τῶν συνεπισκόπων, τῶν πρεσβυτέρων μεμνημένοι. Γλυκὺς ὁ πόλεμος ἀπείροις, φησί. Τοῦτο καὶ νῦν ἁρμόζει λέγειν: μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ λέγομεν πρὸ τοῦ καταστῆναι εἰς τὸν ἀγῶνα: μετὰ δὲ τὸ ἐμβῆναι, οὐδὲ δῆλοι γινόμεθα τοῖς πολλοῖς. Οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἡμῖν νῦν πόλεμος πρὸς τοὺς καταδυναστεύοντας τῶν πενήτων, οὐδὲ τοῦ ποιμνίου προπολεμεῖν ἀνεχόμεθα: ἀλλὰ κατὰ τοὺς ποιμένας ἐκείνους τοὺς ἐν τῷ Ἰεζεκιὴλ, σφάττομεν καὶ κατεσθίομεν. Τίς ἡμῶν ἐπιδείκνυται τοσαύτην φροντίδα περὶ τὰ ποίμνια τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὅσην περὶ τὰ ποίμνια τοῦ Λάβαν ὁ Ἰακώβ; τίς δύναται ἀπαριθμήσασθαι παγετὸν νυκτός; Μὴ γάρ μοι τὰς παννυχίδας εἴπῃς, καὶ τὴν τοσαύτην θεραπείαν. Πᾶν μὲν οὖν τοὐναντίον. Ὕπαρχοι καὶ τοπάρχαι οὐκ ἀπολαύουσι τοσαύτης τιμῆς, ὅσης ὁ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας ἄρχων. Ἂν ἐν βασιλείοις εἰσίῃ, τίς πρῶτος; ἂν παρὰ γυναιξὶν, ἂν παρὰ ταῖς οἰκίαις τῶν μεγάλων, οὐδεὶς ἕτερος αὐτοῦ προτετίμηται. Ἀπόλωλε πάντα καὶ διέφθαρται. Ταῦτα οὐχ ὑμᾶς καταισχῦναι βουλόμενος λέγω, ἀλλ' ὑμῶν ἐπισχεῖν τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν. Ποίῳ γὰρ συνειδότι ἂν γένῃ σπουδάσας ἢ διὰ σαυτοῦ, ἢ δι' ἑτέρου; ποίοις ὀφθαλμοῖς ἀντιβλέψεις ἐκείνῳ τῷ συνεργήσαντι; τί ἕξεις ἀπολογήσασθαι; Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἄκων καὶ βιασθεὶς, καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλων, ἔχοι ἄν τινα ἀπολογίαν, εἰ καὶ τὰ μάλιστα καὶ οὗτος ἀπεστέρηται συγγνώμης: πλὴν ἀλλὰ παρὰ τοῦτο ἔχει τινὰ ἀπολογίαν. Ἐννόησον τί Σίμων ἔπαθε; Τί γὰρ, εἰ μὴ ἀργύριον δίδως, ἀλλ' ἀντὶ ἀργυρίου κολακεύεις, καὶ κατασκευάζεις πολλὰ, καὶ μηχανᾷ; Τὸ ἀργύριόν σου σὺν σοὶ εἴη εἰς ἀπώλειαν. Πρὸς ἐκεῖνον εἶπε, καὶ τούτοις ἐρεῖ: ἡ σπουδὴ ὑμῶν μεθ' ὑμῶν ἔστω εἰς ἀπώλειαν, ὅτι ἐνομίσατε περιδρομῇ ἀνθρωπίνῃ τὴν δωρεὰν τοῦ Θεοῦ κτᾶσθαι. Ἀλλ' οὐδείς ἐστι τοιοῦτος; Μηδὲ γένοιτο. Οὐδὲ γὰρ βούλομαι οὐδὲν πρὸς ὑμᾶς εἶναι τῶν λεγομένων: νυνὶ δὲ ἐκ τῆς ἀκολουθίας εἰς τούτους ἐνεπέσομεν τοὺς λόγους. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ὅταν κατὰ πλεονεξίας λέγωμεν, πρὸς ὑμᾶς λέγομεν, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ πρὸς ἕνα. Γένοιτο εἰκῆ τὰ φάρμακα παρ' ἡμῶν κατασκευάζεσθαι. Αἱ τῶν ἰατρῶν εὐχαὶ τοιαῦταί εἰσιν, οὐκ ἄλλα αἰτοῦσαι, ἢ ὥστε μετὰ τὸν πολὺν πόνον ἁπλῶς ῥιφῆναι τὰ φάρμακα. Ταῦτα καὶ ἡμεῖς εὐχόμεθα, ἁπλῶς εἰς ἀέρα λέγεσθαι τὰ ῥήματα τὰ ἡμέτερα, ὥστε ῥήματα μόνον εἶναι. Πάντα ὑποστῆναι ἕτοιμος ἐγὼ, ὥστε μὴ εἰς χρείαν καταστῆναι τοῦ ταῦτα λέγειν. Εἰ δὲ βούλεσθε, καὶ σιγήσομεν: μόνον ἔστω ἀκίνδυνος ἡ σιγή. Οὐ γὰρ οἶμαι οὐδένα, κἂν σφόδρα κενόδοξος ᾖ, μὴ καλούσης χρείας θελῆσαι ἂν ἁπλῶς ἐπιδείκνυσθαι. Παραχωρήσομεν τῆς διδασκαλίας ὑμῖν: αὕτη γὰρ μείζων ἡ διδασκαλία ἡ διὰ πραγμάτων: ἐπεὶ καὶ τῶν ἰατρῶν οἱ ἄριστοι, καίτοιγε τῆς νόσου τῶν καμνόντων φερούσης αὐτοῖς μισθοὺς, βούλοιντο ἂν ὑγιαίνειν τοὺς αὐτῶν φίλους. Καὶ ἡμεῖς βουλόμεθα ἅπαντας ὑγιαίνειν. Οὐ γὰρ ἵνα ἡμεῖς δόκιμοι ὦμεν βουλόμεθα, ὑμεῖς δὲ ἀδόκιμοι ἦτε. Ἐβουλόμην εἰ οἷόν τε ὄψει αὐτῇ τὴν ἀγάπην, ἢν περὶ ὑμᾶς ἔχω, ἐπιδείξασθαι: οὐδεὶς γάρ μοι λοιπὸν οὐδὲν ἂν ἐνεκάλεσεν, εἰ καὶ σφόδρα τραχὺς ἦν ὁ λόγος. Τὰ γὰρ παρὰ φίλων λεγόμενα, κἂν ὕβρις ᾖ, φορητά. Ἀξιοπιστότερα γὰρ τραύματα φίλου, ἢ ἑκούσια φιλήματα ἐχθροῦ. Οὐδὲν ἐμοὶ ποθεινότερον ὑμῶν, οὐδὲ τοῦτο τὸ φῶς. Μυριάκις γὰρ ἂν εὐξαίμην αὐτὸς πηρωθῆναι, εἰ γε ἐνῆν διὰ τούτου τὰς ὑμετέρας ἐπιστρέψαι ψυχάς: οὕτως αὐτοῦ τοῦ φωτὸς γλυκίων ἐμοὶ ἡ σωτηρία ἡ ὑμετέρα. Τί γὰρ ὄφελός μοι τῶν ἀκτίνων τῶν ἡλιακῶν, ὅταν ἡ δι' ὑμᾶς ἀθυμία πολὺ κατασκεδάζῃ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν τὸ σκότος; Τὸ γὰρ φῶς τότε καλὸν, ὅταν ἐν εὐφροσύνῃ φαίνηται: ἐπεὶ τῇ λυπουμένῃ ψυχῇ καὶ παρενοχλεῖν δοκεῖ. Ὅτι δὲ οὐ ψεύδομαι, μὴ γένοιτο μέν ποτε πεῖραν λαβεῖν. Πλὴν εἴποτε συμβαίη τινὰ ὑμῶν ἁμαρτάνειν, καθεύδοντί μοι παράστητε: ἀπολοίμην, εἰ μὴ τοῖς παραλύτοις ἔοικα, εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἐξεστηκόσι, καὶ κατὰ τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον, Καὶ τὸ φῶς τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν μου, καὶ αὐτὸ οὐκ ἔστι μετ' ἐμοῦ. Τίς γὰρ ὑμῖν ἐλπὶς, ὑμῶν μὴ προκοπτόντων; τίς δὲ ἀθυμία, ὑμῶν εὐδοκιμούντων; Πτεροῦσθαι δοκῶ, ὅταν τι περὶ ὑμῶν ἀκούσω χρηστόν. Πληρώσατέ μου τὴν χαράν. Τοσοῦτον μόνον εἰσήνεγκα εἰς τὴν εὐχὴν, ὅτι ἐπιθυμῶ ὑμῶν τὴν προκοπήν. Ὃ δὲ διαμιλλῶμαι πρὸς πάντας τοῦτό ἐστιν, ὅτι φιλῶ, ὅτι συμπέπλεγμαι, ὅτι πάντα μοι ὑμεῖς ἐστε, καὶ πατὴρ, καὶ μήτηρ, καὶ ἀδελφοὶ, καὶ παιδία. Μὴ δὴ νομίσητέ τι τῶν παρ' ἡμῶν λεγομένων πρὸς ἀπέχθειαν λέγεσθαι, ἀλλὰ πρὸς διόρθωσιν. Ἀδελφὸς γὰρ, φησὶν, ὑπὸ ἀδελφοῦ βοηθούμενος, ὡς πόλις ὀχυρά. Μὴ δὴ ἀπαξιώσητε: οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐγὼ τὸν παρ' ὑμῶν ἀτιμάζω λόγον, ἀλλὰ βουλοίμην ἂν διορθοῦσθαι παρ' ὑμῶν, βουλοίμην ἂν μανθάνειν. Πάντες γὰρ ἡμεῖς ἀδελφοί ἐσμεν, εἷς δὲ ἡμῶν ἐστιν ὁ καθηγητής. Ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἐν ἀδελφοῖς ἕνα ἐπιτάττειν, καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους πείθεσθαι. Μὴ δὴ ἀπαξιώσητε, ἀλλὰ πάντα ποιῶμεν εἰς δόξαν τοῦ Θεοῦ: ὅτι αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.