Homily V.

Matt. I. 22, 23.

“Now all this was done, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the Prophet, saying, Behold, a Virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a Son, and they shall call His name Emmanuel.”

I Hear many say, “While we are here, and enjoying the privilege of hearing, we are awed, but when we are gone out, we become altered men again, and the flame of zeal is quenched.” What then may be done, that this may not come to pass? Let us observe whence it arises. Whence then doth so great a change in us arise? From the unbecoming employment of our time, and from the company of evil men. For we ought not as soon as we retire from the Communion,211   [τ συνξεω, the technical term for a religious service among Christians. It does not of itself imply a Eucharistic service, as the above rendering seems to suggest. Indeed, the exordium of this Homily points directly to a service in which the sermon was prominent, making no allusion to the Lord’s Supper. For a wider use, see the close of Homily LXXXVIII.—R.]to plunge into business unsuited to the Communion, but as soon as ever we get home, to take our Bible into our hands, and call our wife and children to join us in putting together what we have heard, and then, not before, engage in the business of life.212   Comp. Herbert’s Country Parson, c. 10. “He himself, or his wife, takes account of sermons, and how every one profits, comparing this year with the last.”

For if after the bath you would not choose to hurry into the market place, lest by the business in the market you should destroy the refreshment thence derived; much more ought we to act on this principle after the Communion. But as it is, we do the contrary, and in this very way throw away all. For while the profitable effect of what hath been said to us is not yet well fixed, the great force of the things that press upon us from without sweeps all entirely away.

That this then may not be the case, when you retire from the Communion, you must account nothing more necessary than that you should put together the things that have been said to you. Yes, for it were the utmost folly for us, while we give up five and even six days to the business of this life, not to bestow on things spiritual so much as one day, or rather not so much as a small part of one day. See ye not our own children, that whatever lessons are given them, those they study throughout the whole day? This then let us do likewise, since otherwise we shall derive no profit from coming here, drawing water daily into a vessel with holes, and not bestowing on the retaining of what we have heard even so much earnestness as we plainly show with respect to gold and silver. For any one who has received a few pence both puts them into a bag and sets a seal thereon; but we, having given us oracles more precious than either gold or costly stones, and receiving the treasures of the Spirit, do not put them away in the storehouses of our soul, but thoughtlessly and at random suffer them to escape from our minds. Who then will pity us after all this, plotting against our own interests, and casting ourselves into so deep poverty? Therefore, that this may not be so, let us write it down an unalterable law for ourselves, for our wives, and for our children, to give up this one day of the week entire to hearing, and to the recollection of the things we have heard. For thus with greater aptness for learning shall we approach what is next to be said; and to us the labor will be less, and to you the profit greater, when, bearing in memory what hath been lately spoken, ye hearken accordingly to what comes afterwards. For no little doth this also contribute towards the understanding of what is said, when ye know accurately the connexion of the thoughts, which we are busy in weaving together for you. For since it is not possible to set down all in one day, you must by continued remembrance make the things laid before you on many days into a kind of chain, and so wrap it about your soul: that the body of the Scriptures may appear entire.

Therefore let us not either to-day go on to the subjects set before us, without first recalling what was lately said to our memory.213   [“Let us therefore remember again what was lately said, and thus go on to what is set before us to-day.”—R.]

2. But what are the things set before us to-day? “Now all this was done, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the prophet, saying.” In a tone worthy of the wonder, with all his might he hath uttered his voice, saying, “Now all this was done.” For when he saw the sea and the abyss of the love of God towards man, and that actually come to pass which never had been looked for, and nature’s laws broken, and reconciliations made, Him who is above all come down to him that is lower than all, and “the middle walls of partition broken,”214   Ephes. ii. 14.and the impediments removed, and many more things than these done besides; in one word he hath put before us the miracle, saying, “Now all this was done that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord.” For, “think not,” saith he, “that these things are now determined upon; they were prefigured of old.” Which same thing, Paul also everywhere labors to prove.

And the angel proceeds to refer Joseph to Isaiah; in order that even if he should, when awakened, forget his own words, as newly spoken, he might by being reminded of those of the prophet, with which he had been nourished up continually, retain likewise the substance of what he had said.215   [The view here indicated, that this citation was part of the angelic message, is not generally held (but see J. A. Alexander in loco). It seems to me inconsistent with the last clause of verse 23: “which is, being interpreted,” etc.—R.] And to the woman he mentioned none of these things, as being a damsel and unskilled in them, but to the husband, as being a righteous man and one who studied the prophets, from them he reasons. And before this he saith, “Mary, thy wife;” but now, when he hath brought the prophet before him, he then trusts him with the name of virginity; for Joseph would not have continued thus unshaken, when he heard from him of a virgin, unless216   [“Unless,” is not found in the mss., but inserted by the editors as necessary to the sense.—R.]he had first heard it also from Isaiah. For indeed it was nothing novel that he was to hear out of the prophets,217   [“Prophet” is the correct rendering; the plural in the Oxford version is probably due to a typographical error.—R.]but what was familiar to him, and had been for a long time the subject of his meditations. For this cause the angel, to make what he said easy to be received, brings in Isaiah. And neither here doth he stop, but connects the discourse with God. For he doth not call the saying Isaiah’s, but that of the God of all things. For this cause he said not, “that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of Isaiah,” but “which was spoken of the Lord.” For the mouth indeed was Isaiah’s, but the oracle was wafted from above.

3. What then saith this oracle? “Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call His name Emmanuel.”

How was it then, one may say, that His name was not called Emmanuel, but Jesus Christ? Because he said not, “thou shalt call,” but “they shall call,” that is, the multitude, and the issue of events. For here he puts the event as a name: and this is customary in Scripture, to substitute the events that take place for names.

Therefore, to say, “they shall call” Him “Emmanuel,” means nothing else than that they shall see God amongst men. For He hath indeed always been amongst men, but never so manifestly.

But if Jews are obstinate, we will ask the, when was the child called, “Make speed to the spoil, hasten the prey?” Why, they could not say. How is it then that the prophet said, “Call his name Maher-shalal-hash-baz?”218   Isa. viii. 3. [Chrysostom does not use the Hebrew name here, but simply repeats a part of the Greek phrase used to translate “Maher-shalal-hash-baz” in the LXX., which he had already given in the previous sentence: Ταχω σκλευσον, ξω προνμευσον. The R.V. in loco does not accept the imperative rendering, but gives this marginal explanation: “That is, The spoil speedeth, the prey hasteth.”—R.] Because, when he was born, there was a taking and dividing of spoils, therefore the event that took place in his time is put as his name. And the city, too, it is said, shall be called “the city of righteousness, the faithful city Sion.”219   Isa. i. 26, 27. And yet we nowhere find that the city was called “righteousness,” but it continued to be called Jerusalem. However, inasmuch as this came to pass in fact, when the city underwent a change for the better, on that account he saith it is so called. For when any event happens which marks out him who brings it to pass, or who is benefited by it, more clearly than his name, the Scripture220   [Supplied by translator; literally, “it speaks.”—R.]speaks of the truth of the event as being a name to him.

4. But if, when their mouths are stopped on this point, they should seek another, namely, what is said touching Mary’s virginity, and should object to us other translators,221   i.e., Aquila who flourished A.D. 128, Theodotion, A.D. 175, Symmachus, A.D. 201: who were all of them Jews or Judaizing heretics. Cave, Hist. Lit. i. 32, 48, 64.saying, that they used not the term “virgin,” but “young woman;” in the first place we will say this, that the Seventy were justly entitled to confidence above all the others. For these made their translation after Christ’s coming, continuing to be Jews, and may justly be suspected as having spoken rather in enmity, and as darkening the prophecies on purpose; but the Seventy, as having entered upon this work an hundred years or more before the coming of Christ, stand clear from all such suspicion, and on account of the date, and of their number, and of their agreement,222   [This reference to the “agreement” of the LXX. seems to indicate an acceptance of the current tradition in regard to the supernatural exactness of that version.—R.]would have a better right to be trusted.

But even if they bring in the testimony of those others, yet so the tokens of victory would be with us. Because the Scripture is wont to put the word “youth,” for “virginity;” and this with respect not to women only, but also to men. For it is said, “young men and maidens, old men with younger ones.”223   Ps. cxlviii. 12. And again, speaking of the damsel who is attacked, it saith, “if the young woman cry out,”224   Deut. xxii. 27. In our translation, “the betrothed damsel cried.” This place is cited by St. Jerome on Matt. with reference to the same argument.meaning the virgin.

And what goes before also establishes this interpretation. For he doth not merely say, “Behold, the Virgin shall be with child,” but having first said, “Behold, the Lord Himself shall give you a sign,” then he subjoins, “Behold, the Virgin shall be with child.”225   Isa. vii. 14. Whereas, if she that was to give birth was not a virgin, but this happened in the way of marriage, what sort of sign would the event be? For that which is a sign must of course be beyond the course of common events, it must be strange and extraordinary; else how could it be a sign?

5. “Then Joseph, being raised from sleep, did as the angel of the Lord had bidden him.” Seest thou obedience, and a submissive mind? Seest thou a soul truly wakened, and in all things incorruptible? For neither when he suspected something painful or amiss could he endure to keep the Virgin with him; nor yet, after he was freed from this suspicion, could he bear to cast her out, but he rather keeps her with him, and ministers to the whole Dispensation.

“And took unto him Mary his wife.” Seest thou how continually the evangelist uses this word, not willing that that mystery should be disclosed as yet, and annihilating that evil suspicion?

And when he had taken her, “he knew her not, till she had brought forth her first-born Son.”226   [There is no indication here of any knowledge of the reading found in the oldest authorities of every class (uncials, cursives and versions): ἔτεκεν υν, instead of ἔτεκεν τν υν ατ τν πρωττοκον. The latter is the reading of all authorities in Luke ii. 7.—R.] He hath here used the word “till,” not that thou shouldest suspect that afterwards he did know her, but to inform thee that before the birth the Virgin was wholly untouched by man. But why then, it may be said, hath he used the word, “till”? Because it is usual in Scripture often to do this, and to use this expression without reference to limited times. For so with respect to the ark likewise, it is said, “The raven returned not till the earth was dried up.”227   Gen. viii. 7. And yet it did not return even after that time. And when discoursing also of God, the Scripture saith, “From age until age Thou art,”228   Ps. xc. 2.not as fixing limits in this case. And again when it is preaching the Gospel beforehand, and saying, “In his days shall righteousness flourish, and abundance of peace, till the moon be taken away,”229   Ps. lxxii. 7.it doth not set a limit to this fair part of creation. So then here likewise, it uses the word “till,” to make certain what was before the birth, but as to what follows, it leaves thee to make the inference. Thus, what it was necessary for thee to learn of Him, this He Himself hath said; that the Virgin was untouched by man until the birth; but that which both was seen to be a consequence of the former statement, and was acknowledged, this in its turn he leaves for thee to perceive; namely, that not even after this, she having so become a mother, and having been counted worthy of a new sort of travail, and a child-bearing so strange, could that righteous man ever have endured to know her. For if he had known her, and had kept her in the place of a wife, how is it that our Lord230   John xix. 27.commits her, as unprotected, and having no one, to His disciple, and commands him to take her to his own home?

How then, one may say, are James and the others called His brethren? In the same kind of way as Joseph himself was supposed to be husband of Mary. For many were the veils provided, that the birth, being such as it was, might be for a time screened. Wherefore even John so called them, saying, “For neither did His brethren believe in Him.”231   John vii. 5. [In regard to the “brethren of our Lord,” there seems to be some confusion in the statements of Chrysostom: Comp. Hom. LXXXVIII., on chap. xxvii. 55, 56. The digression here to the character of James seems intended to divert from the historical discussion.—R.]

6. Nevertheless they, who did not believe at first, became afterwards admirable, and illustrious. At least when Paul and they that were of his company were come up to Jerusalem about decrees,232   Acts xv. 4, xvi. 4, xxi. 18.they went in straightway unto James. For he was so admired as even to be the first to be entrusted with the bishop’s office. And they say he gave himself up to such great austerity, that even his members became all of them as dead, and that from his continual praying, and his perpetual intercourse with the ground, his forehead became so callous as to be in no better state than a camel’s knees, simply by reason of his striking it so against the earth.233   See Hegesippus in St. Jerome de Viris Illustr., c. 2. This man gives directions to Paul himself, when he was after this come up again to Jerusalem, saying,234   Acts xxi. 20; see also verse 22.“Thou seest, brother, how many thousands there are of them that are come together.” So great was his understanding and his zeal, or rather so great the power of Christ. For they that mock Him when living, after His death are so filled with awe, as even to die for Him with exceeding readiness. Such things most of all show the power of His resurrection. For this, you see, was the reason of the more glorious things being kept till afterwards, viz. that this proof might become indisputable. For seeing that even those who are admired amongst us in their life, when they are gone, are apt to be forgotten by us; how was it that they, who made light of this Man living, afterwards thought Him to be God, if He was but one of the many? How was it that they consented even to be slain for His sake, unless they received His resurrection on clear proof?

7. And these things we tell you, that ye may not hear only, but imitate also his manly severity,235   [ἀνδρεαν, “manliness.”—R.]his plainness of speech, his righteousness in all things; that no one may despair of himself, though hitherto he have been careless, that he may set his hopes on nothing else, after God’s mercy, but on his own virtue. For if these were nothing the better for such a kindred, though they were of the same house and lineage with Christ, until they gave proof of virtue; what favor can we possibly receive, when we plead righteous kinsmen and brethren, unless we be exceeding dutiful,236   ἐπιεικε.and have lived in virtue? As the prophet too said, intimating the selfsame thing, “A brother redeemeth not, shall a man redeem?”237   Ps. xlix. 7. [This is the rendering of the LXX.—R.] No, not although it were238   [kἂν , “even if it were.”—R.] Moses, Samuel, Jeremiah. Hear, for example, what God saith unto this last, “Pray not thou for this people, for I will not hear thee.”239   Jer. xi. 14. And why marvellest thou if I hear not thee? “Though Moses himself and Samuel stood before me,”240   Jer. xv. 1. I would not receive their supplication for these men.” Yea, if it be Ezekiel who entreats, he will be told, “Though Noah stand forth, and Job, and Daniel, they shall deliver neither sons nor daughters.”241   Ezek. xiv. 14, 16. Though the patriarch Abraham be supplicating for them that are most incurably diseased, and change not, God will leave him and go His way,242   Gen. xviii. 33.that he may not receive his cry in their behalf. Though again it be Samuel who is doing this, He saith unto him, “Mourn not thou for Saul.”243   1 Sam. xvi. 1. Though for his own sister one entreat, when it is not fitting, he again shall have the same sort of answer as Moses, “If her father had but spit in her face.”244   Num. xii. 14.

Let us not then be looking open-mouthed towards others. For it is true, the prayers of the saints have the greatest power; on condition however of our repentance and amendment. Since even Moses, who had rescued his own brother and six hundred thousand men from the wrath that was then coming upon them from God, had no power to deliver his sister;245   Ex. xxxii.; Num. xii.and yet the sin was not equal; for whereas she had done despite but to Moses, in that other case it was plain impiety, what they ventured on. But this difficulty I leave for you; while that which is yet harder, I will try to explain.

For why should we speak of his sister? since he who stood forth the advocate of so great a people had not power to prevail for himself, but after his countless toils, and sufferings, and his assiduity for forty years, was prohibited from setting foot on that land, touching which there had been so many declarations and promises. What then was the cause? To grant this favor would not be profitable, but would, on the contrary, bring with it much harm, and would be sure to prove a stumbling-block to many of the Jews. For if when they were merely delivered from Egypt, they forsook God, and sought after Moses, and imputed all to him; had they seen him also lead them into the land of promise, to what extent of impiety might they not have been cast away? And for this reason also, let me add, neither was his tomb made known.

And Samuel again was not able to save Saul from the wrath from above, yet he oftentimes preserved the Israelites. And Jeremiah prevailed not for the Jews, but some one else he did haply cover from evil by his prophecy.246   Alluding, perhaps, to 2 Maccab. xv. 13–16. And Daniel saved the barbarians from slaughter,247   Dan. ii. 24.but he did not deliver the Jews from their captivity.

And in the Gospels too we shall see both these events come to pass, not in the case of different persons, but of the same; and the same man now prevailing for himself and now given up. For he who owed the ten thousand talents, though he had delivered himself from the danger by entreaty, yet again he prevailed not,248   Matt. xviii. 26–34.and another on the contrary, who had before thrown himself away, afterwards had power to help himself in the greatest degree.249   Luke xv. 13–20. But who is this? He that devoured his Father’s substance.

So that on the one hand, if we be careless, we shall not be able to obtain salvation, no not even by the help of others; if, on the other hand, we be watchful, we shall be able to do this by ourselves, and by ourselves rather than by others. Yes; for God is more willing to give His grace to us, than to others for us; that we by endeavoring ourselves to do away His wrath, may both enjoy confidence towards Him, and become better men. Thus He had pity on the Canaanitish woman, thus He saved the harlot, thus the thief, when there was none to be mediator nor advocate.

8. And this I say, not that we may omit supplicating the saints, but to hinder our being careless, and entrusting our concerns to others only, while we fall back and slumber ourselves. For so when He said, “make to yourselves friends,”250   Luke xvi. 9. It would seem from this that the saints whom we are to supplicate for their help are those on earth, whom we may assist by our alms. And the examples before tend to confirm this view.he did not stop at this only, but He added, “of the unrighteous mammon;” that so again the good work may be thine own; for it is nothing else but almsgiving which He hath here signified. And, what is marvellous, neither doth He make a strict account with us, if we withdraw ourselves from injustice. For what He saith is like this: “Hast thou gained ill? spend well. Hast thou gathered by unrighteousness? scatter abroad in righteousness.” And yet, what manner of virtue is this, to give out of such gains? God, however, being full of love to man, condescends even to this and if we thus do, promises us many good things. But we are so past all feeling, as not to give even of our unjust gain, but while plundering without end, if we contribute the smallest part, we think we have fulfilled all. Hast thou not heard Paul saying, “He which soweth sparingly, shall reap also sparingly”?251   2 Cor. xix. 6. Wherefore then dost thou spare? What, is the act an outlay? is it an expense? Nay, it is gain and good merchandise. Where there is merchandise, there is also increase; where there is sowing, there is also reaping. But thou, if thou hadst to till a rich and deep soil, and capable of receiving much seed, wouldest both spend what thou hadst, and wouldest borrow of other men, accounting parsimony in such cases to be loss; but, when it is Heaven which thou art to cultivate, which is exposed to no variation of weather, and will surely repay thine outlay with abundant increase, thou art slow and backward, and considerest not that it is possible by sparing to lose, and by not sparing to gain.

9. Disperse therefore, that thou mayest not lose; keep not, that thou mayest keep; lay out, that thou mayest save; spend, that thou mayest gain. If thy treasures are to be hoarded, do not thou hoard them, for thou wilt surely cast them away; but entrust them to God, for thence no man makes spoil of them. Do not thou traffic, for thou knowest not at all how to gain; but lend unto Him who gives an interest greater than the principal. Lend, where is no envy, no accusation, nor evil design, nor fear. Lend unto Him who wants nothing, yet hath need for thy sake; who feeds all men, yet is an hungered, that thou mayest not suffer famine; who is poor, that thou mayest be rich. Lend there, where thy return cannot be death, but life instead of death. For this usury is the harbinger of a kingdom, that, of hell; the one coming of covetousness, the other of self-denial; the one of cruelty, the other of humanity. What excuse then will be ours, when having the power to receive more, and that with security, and in due season, and in great freedom, without either reproaches, or fears, or dangers, we let go these gains, and follow after that other sort, base and vile as they are, insecure and perishable, and greatly aggravating the furnace for us? For nothing, nothing is baser than the usury of this world, nothing more cruel. Why, other persons’ calamities are such a man’s traffic; he makes himself gain of the distress of another, and demands wages for kindness, as though he were afraid to seem merciful, and under the cloak of kindness he digs the pitfall deeper, by the act of help galling a man’s poverty, and in the act of stretching out the hand thrusting him down, and when receiving him as in harbor, involving him in shipwreck, as on a rock, or shoal, or reef.

“But what dost thou require?” saith one; “that I should give another for his use that money which I have got together, and which is to me useful, and demand no recompense?” Far from it: I say not this: yea, I earnestly desire that thou shouldest have a recompense; not however a mean nor small one, but far greater; for in return for gold, I would that thou shouldest receive Heaven for usury. Why then shut thyself up in poverty, crawling about the earth, and demanding little for great? Nay, this is the part of one who knows not how to be rich. For when God in return for a little money is promising thee the good things that are in Heaven, and thou sayest, “Give me not Heaven, but instead of Heaven the gold that perisheth,” this is for one who wishes to continue in poverty. Even as he surely who desires wealth and abundance will choose things abiding rather than things perishing; the inexhaustible, rather than such as waste away; much rather than little, the incorruptible rather than the corruptible. For so the other sort too will follow. For as he who seeks earth before Heaven, will surely lose earth also, so he that prefers Heaven to earth, shall enjoy both in great excellency. And that this may be the case with us, let us despise all things here, and choose the good things to come. For thus shall we obtain both the one and the other, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ; to whom be glory and might for ever and ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Εʹ. Τοῦτο δὲ ὅλον γέγονεν, ἵνα πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ Κυρίου διὰ τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος: «Ἰδοὺ ἡ παρθένος ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει, καὶ τέξεται υἱὸν, καὶ καλέσουσι τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἐμμανουήλ.» αʹ. Πολλῶν ἀκούω λεγόντων, ὅτι παρόντες μὲν καὶ τῆς ἀκροάσεως ἀπολαύοντες, συστελλόμεθα: ἐξελθόντες δὲ, ἕτεροι πάλιν ἀνθ' ἑτέρων γινόμεθα, τὸ πῦρ τῆς προθυμίας σβεννύντες. Τί οὖν ἂν γένοιτο, ὅπως τοῦτο μὴ γίνηται; Σκοπήσωμεν ὅθεν γίνεται. Πόθεν οὖν γίνεται ἡμῖν ἡ τοσαύτη μεταβολή; Ἀπὸ τῆς διατριβῆς τῆς μὴ προσηκούσης, καὶ τῆς τῶν πονηρῶν ἀνθρώπων συνουσίας. Οὐ γὰρ ἐχρῆν ἀπὸ τῆς συνάξεως ἀναχωροῦντας, εἰς τὰ μὴ προσήκοντα τῇ συνάξει ἐμβάλλειν ἑαυτοὺς πράγματα: ἀλλ' εὐθέως οἴκαδε ἐλθόντας τὸ βιβλίον μεταχειρίζεσθαι, καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα καὶ τὰ παιδία πρὸς τὴν κοινωνίαν τῆς τῶν εἰρημένων καλεῖν συλλογῆς, καὶ τότε τῶν βιωτικῶν ἅπτεσθαι πραγμάτων. Εἰ γὰρ ἀπὸ βαλανείου οὐκ ἂν ἕλοιο εἰς ἀγορὰν ἐμβάλλειν, ὥστε μὴ τὴν ἐκεῖθεν ἄνεσιν λυμήνασθαι τοῖς ἐν ἀγορᾷ πράγμασι: πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἀπὸ συνάξεως τοῦτο ποιεῖν ἐχρῆν. Νῦν δὲ τοὐναντίον ποιοῦμεν: διὰ δὴ τοῦτο καὶ πάντα ἀπόλλυμεν. Οὔπω γὰρ τῆς ὠφελείας τῶν λεχθέντων παγείσης καλῶς, ἡ πολλὴ ῥύμη τῶν ἔξωθεν προσπιπτόντων πάντα παρασύρασα οἴχεται. Ἵν' οὖν μὴ τοῦτο γίνηται, ἀπὸ συνάξεως ἀναχωρῶν, μηδὲν ποιοῦ τῆς τῶν εἰρημένων συλλογῆς ἀναγκαιότερον. Καὶ γὰρ ἐσχάτης ἀγνωμοσύνης ἂν εἴη, πέντε καὶ ἓξ ἡμέρας τοῖς βιωτικοῖς ἀπονέμοντας, τοῖς πνευματικοῖς μηδὲ μίαν ἡμέραν, μᾶλλον δὲ μηδὲ μικρὸν τῆς ἡμέρας μέρος διδόναι. Οὐχ ὁρᾶτε τὰ παιδία τὰ ἡμέτερα, ὅτι τὰ μαθήματα, ἅπερ ἂν δέξωνται, ταῦτα δι' ὅλης μελετῶσι τῆς ἡμέρας; Τοῦτο δὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐργασώμεθα: ἐπεὶ πλέον οὐδὲν ἡμῖν ἔσται τῆς ἐνταῦθα ἀφίξεως, εἰς πίθον τετρημένον ἀντλοῦσι καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν, καὶ μηδὲ τοσαύτην παρεχομένοις σπουδὴν τῇ τῶν εἰρημένων φυλακῇ, ὅσην περὶ χρυσὸν καὶ ἄργυρον ἐπιδεικνύμεθα. Δηνάρια μὲν γάρ τις ὀλίγα λαβὼν, καὶ εἰς βαλάντιον ἀποτίθεται, καὶ σφραγῖδα ἐπιτίθησιν: ἡμεῖς δὲ καὶ χρυσίου καὶ λίθων πολυτελῶν τιμιώτερα δεχόμενοι λόγια, καὶ τοὺς τοῦ Πνεύματος ὑποδεχόμενοι θησαυροὺς, οὐκ εἰς τὰ ταμιεῖα τῆς ψυχῆς ἀποτιθέμεθα, ἀλλ' ἁπλῶς καὶ ὡς ἔτυχεν ἐῶμεν τῆς ἡμετέρας διανοίας ἐκρεῖν. Τίς οὖν ἡμᾶς ἐλεήσει λοιπὸν, ἐπιβουλεύοντας ἑαυτοῖς, καὶ εἰς τοσαύτην ἐμβάλλοντας πενίαν; Ἵν' οὖν μὴ τοῦτο γίνηται, γράψωμεν ἑαυτοῖς νόμον ἀκίνητον, καὶ ταῖς γυναιξὶ καὶ τοῖς παισὶ τοῖς ἡμετέροις, μίαν τῆς ἑβδομάδος ἡμέραν ταύτην ὅλην ἀνατιθέναι τῇ ἀκροάσει καὶ τῶν ἀκουσθέντων τῇ συλλογῇ. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ εὐμαθέστεροι πρὸς τὰ μέλλοντα ῥηθήσεσθαι ἀπαντήσομεν, καὶ ἡμῖν ἐλάττων ὁ πόνος ἔσται, καὶ ὑμῖν τὸ κέρδος πλέον, ὅταν τὰ πρώην εἰρημένα φέροντες ἐπὶ μνήμης, οὕτω τὰ μετὰ ταῦτα ἀκούητε. Οὐ γὰρ μικρόν τι καὶ τοῦτο συντελεῖ πρὸς τὴν τῶν λεγομένων σύνεσιν, τὸ τὴν ἀκολουθίαν εἰδέναι μετὰ ἀκριβείας τῶν παρ' ἡμῶν ὑφαινομένων ὑμῖν νοημάτων. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἔνι πάντα ἐν μιᾷ καταβαλεῖν ἡμέρᾳ, τὰ ἐν πολλαῖς ὑμῖν ἡμέραις κατατιθέμενα τῇ τῆς μνήμης συνεχείᾳ ὥσπερ σειράν τινα ποιήσαντες, οὕτω δὴ περιτίθεσθε τῇ ψυχῇ, ὥστε ὁλόκληρον φαίνεσθαι τὸ σῶμα τῶν Γραφῶν. Ἀναμνήσαντες τοίνυν τῶν ἔναγχος εἰρημένων ἑαυτοὺς, οὕτω καὶ σήμερον ἐπὶ τὰ προκείμενα ἴωμεν. βʹ. Τίνα δέ ἐστι τὰ προκείμενα σήμερον; Τοῦτο δὲ ὅλον γέγονεν, ἵνα πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ Κυρίου διὰ τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος. Ἀξίως τοῦ θαύματος, ὡς αὐτῷ δυνατὸν ἦν, ἀνεβόησεν, εἰπών: Τοῦτο δὲ ὅλον γέγονεν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἶδε τὸ πέλαγος καὶ τὴν ἄβυσσον τῆς φιλανθρωπίας τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τὸ μηδέποτε ἐλπισθὲν εἰς ἔργον ἐλθὸν, καὶ φύσεως λυθέντας νόμους, καὶ καταλλαγὰς γινομένας, καὶ τὸν πάντων ἀνώτερον πρὸς τὸν πάντων κατώτερον κατιόντα, καὶ τὰ μεσότοιχα λυόμενα, καὶ τὰ κωλύματα ἀναιρούμενα, καὶ πολλῷ πλείονα τούτων ἕτερα γινόμενα, ἑνὶ ῥήματι τὸ θαῦμα παρέστησεν, εἰπών: Τοῦτο δὲ ὅλον γέγονεν, ἵνα πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ Κυρίου. Μὴ γὰρ νομίσῃς, φησὶν, ὅτι νῦν ταῦτα ἔδοξε: πάλαι προετυποῦτο. Ὅπερ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος πανταχοῦ δεῖξαι ἐσπούδασε. Καὶ παραπέμπει τὸν Ἰωσὴφ τῷ Ἡσαΐᾳ λοιπὸν, ἵνα κἂν τῶν αὐτοῦ ῥημάτων ἐπιλάθηται ἀφυπνισθεὶς, ἅτε πρόσφατον εἰρημένων, τῶν προφητικῶν, οἷς συνανεστράφη διαπαντὸς, ἀναμνησθεὶς, καὶ τὰ παρ' αὐτοῦ λεχθέντα κατάσχῃ. Καὶ τῇ μὲν γυναικὶ οὐδὲν τούτων εἴρηκεν, ἅτε κόρῃ οὔσῃ καὶ ἀπείρως τούτων ἐχούσῃ: τῷ δὲ ἀνδρὶ, δικαίῳ τε ὄντι καὶ μελετῶντι προφήτας, ἐντεῦθεν διαλέγεται. Καὶ πρὸ μὲν τούτου, Μαριὰμ τὴν γυναῖκά σου, λέγει: ἐνταῦθα δὲ ὅτε τὸν προφήτην εἵλκυσεν εἰς τὸ μέσον, τότε αὐτῷ πιστεύει τὸ τῆς παρθενίας ὄνομα: οὐ γὰρ οὕτως ἀτάραχος ἔμενε, παρθένον παρ' αὐτοῦ ἀκούων, εἰ μὴ πρῶτον καὶ παρὰ Ἡσαΐου. Καὶ γὰρ οὐδὲν ξένον, ἀλλὰ τὸ σύνηθες καὶ τὸ ἐν πολλῷ χρόνῳ μελετηθὲν ἔμελλεν ἀκούσεσθαι παρὰ τοῦ προφήτου. Διὰ τοῦτο ποιῶν εὐπαράδεκτον τὸ εἰρημένον ὁ ἄγγελος, παράγει εἰς μέσον τὸν Ἡσαΐαν. Καὶ οὐδὲ ἐνταῦθα ἵσταται, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τὸν Θεὸν ἀναρτᾷ τὸν λόγον: οὐ γὰρ αὐτοῦ εἶναί φησι τὸ εἰρημένον, ἀλλὰ τοῦ τῶν ὅλων Θεοῦ. Διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἵνα πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ Ἡσαΐου, ἀλλὰ, Τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ Κυρίου. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ στόμα Ἡσαΐου, ὁ δὲ χρησμὸς ἄνωθεν ἐφέρετο. Τί οὖν οὗτός φησιν ὁ χρησμός; Ἰδοὺ ἡ παρθένος ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει, καὶ τέξεται υἱὸν, καὶ καλέσουσι τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἐμμανουήλ. Πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἐκλήθη, φησὶ, τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἐμμανουὴλ, ἀλλὰ Ἰησοῦς Χριστός; Ὅτι οὐκ εἶπε, Καλέσεις, ἀλλὰ, Καλέσουσιν, οἱ ὄχλοι τουτέστι, καὶ ἡ τῶν πραγμάτων ἔκβασις. Ἐνταῦθα γὰρ τὸ συμβαῖνον ὄνομα τίθησι: καὶ ἔθος τοῦτο τῇ Γραφῇ, τὰ συμβαίνοντα πράγματα ἀντὶ ὀνομάτων τιθέναι. Οὐδὲν οὖν ἄλλο δηλοῖ τὸ, Καλέσουσιν Ἐμμανουὴλ, ἢ ὅτι Ὄψονται Θεὸν μετὰ ἀνθρώπων: ἀεὶ μὲν γὰρ γέγονε μετὰ ἀνθρώπων, οὐδέποτε δὲ οὕτω σαφῶς. Εἰ δὲ ἀναισχυντοῖεν Ἰουδαῖοι, ἐρησόμεθα αὐτούς: Πότε ἐκλήθη τὸ παιδίον, Ταχέως σκύλευσον, ὀξέως προνόμευσον; Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν ἔχοιεν εἰπεῖν. Πῶς οὖν ὁ προφήτης ἔλεγε: Κάλεσον τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ, Ταχέως σκύλευσον; Ὅτι γεννηθέντος αὐτοῦ προνομὴ σκύλων ἐγένετο καὶ διανομή: διὰ τοῦτο τὸ ἐπ' αὐτοῦ πρᾶγμα συμβεβηκὸς ὡς ὄνομα αὐτοῦ τίθησι. Καὶ ἡ πόλις δὲ, φησὶ, κληθήσεται πόλις δικαιοσύνης, μητρόπολις πιστὴ Σιών: καὶ οὐδαμοῦ εὑρίσκομεν ὅτι δικαιοσύνη ἐκλήθη ἡ πόλις, ἀλλ' ἔμεινεν Ἱεροσόλυμα καλουμένη: ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ τοῦτο ἐξέβη, πρὸς τὸ βέλτιον αὐτῆς μεταβληθείσης, διὰ τοῦτο αὐτὴν οὕτω καλεῖσθαι ἔφη. Ὅταν γάρ τι συμβῇ πρᾶγμα, ὃ τῆς προσηγορίας σαφέστερον γνωρίζει τὸν κατορθοῦντα αὐτὸ, ἢ καὶ ἀπολαύοντα αὐτοῦ, ὄνομα αὐτῷ φησιν εἶναι τοῦ πράγματος τὴν ἀλήθειαν. Εἰ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν ἐπιστομισθέντες ἕτερον ζητοῖεν, τὸ περὶ τῆς παρθενίας λεχθὲν, καὶ προβάλλοιντο ἡμῖν ἑτέρους ἑρμηνευτὰς, λέγοντες, ὅτι Οὐκ εἶπον παρθένον, ἀλλὰ νεᾶνιν: πρῶτον μὲν ἐκεῖνο ἐροῦμεν, ὅτι τῶν ἄλλων μᾶλλον ἁπάντων τὸ ἀξιόπιστον οἱ Ἑβδομήκοντα ἔχοιεν ἂν δικαίως. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ μετὰ τὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ παρουσίαν ἡρμήνευσαν, Ἰουδαῖοι μείναντες. καὶ δικαίως ἂν ὑποπτεύοιντο, ἅτε ἀπεχθείᾳ μᾶλλον εἰρηκότες, καὶ τὰς προφητείας συσκιάζοντες ἐπίτηδες: οἱ δὲ Ἑβδομήκοντα πρὸ ἑκατὸν ἢ καὶ πλειόνων ἐτῶν τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παρουσίας ἐπὶ τοῦτο ἐλθόντες καὶ τοσοῦτοι ὄντες, πάσης τοιαύτης εἰσὶν ὑποψίας ἀπηλλαγμένοι, καὶ διὰ τὸν χρόνον, καὶ διὰ τὸ πλῆθος, καὶ διὰ τὴν συμφωνίαν μᾶλλον ἂν εἶεν πιστεύεσθαι δίκαιοι. γʹ. Εἰ δὲ καὶ τὴν ἐκείνων παράγοιεν μαρτυρίαν, καὶ οὕτω τὰ νικητήρια παρ' ἡμῖν. Καὶ γὰρ τὸ τῆς νεανιότητος ὄνομα ἐπὶ τῆς παρθενίας: εἴωθεν ἡ Γραφὴ τιθέναι, οὐκ ἐπὶ γυναικῶν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ ἀνδρῶν: Νεανίσκοι γὰρ, φησὶ, καὶ παρθένοι, πρεσβύτεροι μετὰ νεωτέρων. Καὶ περὶ κόρης δὲ ἐπιβουλευομένης διαλεγομένη πάλιν, Ἐὰν φωνήσῃ ἡ νεᾶνις, φησὶ, τουτέστιν ἡ παρθένος. Καὶ τὰ πρὸ τούτου δὲ εἰρημένα τοῦτον τὸν λόγον συνίστησιν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἁπλῶς εἶπεν, Ἰδοὺ ἡ παρθένος ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει: ἀλλὰ πρότερον εἰπὼν, Ἰδοὺ δώσει Κύριος αὐτὸς ὑμῖν σημεῖον, τότε ἐπήγαγεν: Ἰδοὺ ἡ παρθένος ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει. Καίτοι εἰ μὴ παρθένος ἦν ἡ μέλλουσα κύειν, ἀλλὰ νόμῳ γάμου τοῦτο ἐγίνετο, ποῖον ἂν εἴη σημεῖον τὸ γινόμενον; Τὸ γὰρ σημεῖον ὑπερβαίνειν δεῖ τὴν τῶν πολλῶν ἀκολουθίαν, καὶ ξένον εἶναι καὶ παρηλλαγμένον: ἐπεὶ πῶς ἂν εἴη σημεῖον; Διεγερθεὶς δὲ ὁ Ἰωσὴφ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕπνου, ἐποίησεν ὡς προσέταξεν αὐτῷ ὁ ἄγγελος Κυρίου. Εἶδες ὑπακοὴν, καὶ καταπειθῆ διάνοιαν; εἶδες ψυχὴν διεγηγερμένην, καὶ ἐν ἅπασιν ἀδέκαστον; Οὔτε γὰρ ἡνίκα ὑπώπτευσεν ἀηδές τι καὶ ἄτοπον, κατασχεῖν ἠνέσχετο τὴν Παρθένον, οὔτε ἐπειδὴ ταύτης ἀπηλλάγη τῆς ὑποψίας, ἐκβαλεῖν ὑπέμεινεν: ἀλλὰ καὶ κατέχει, καὶ διακονεῖται τῇ οἰκονομίᾳ πάσῃ. Καὶ παρέλαβε Μαρίαν τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ. Εἶδες πῶς συνεχῶς τοῦτο τίθησι τὸ ὄνομα ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, οὐ βουλόμενος ἐκκαλυφθῆναι τὸ μυστήριον ἐκεῖνο τέως, καὶ τὴν πονηρὰν ἐκείνην ἀναιρῶν ὑποψίαν; Παραλαβὼν δὲ αὐτὴν, οὐκ ἐγίνωσκεν αὐτὴν, ἕως οὗ ἔτεκε τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς τὸν πρωτότοκον. Τὸ, Ἕως, ἐνταῦθα εἴρηκεν, οὐχ ἵνα ὑποπτεύσῃς ὅτι μετὰ ταῦτα αὐτὴν ἔγνω, ἀλλ' ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι πρὸ τῶν ὠδίνων πάντως ἀνέπαφος ἦν ἡ Παρθένος. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν, φησὶ, τὸ, Ἕως, τέθεικεν; Ὅτι ἔθος τῇ Γραφῇ τοῦτο πολλάκις ποιεῖν, καὶ τὴν ῥῆσιν ταύτην μὴ ἐπὶ διωρισμένων τιθέναι χρόνων. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς κιβωτοῦ φησιν: Οὐχ ὑπέστρεψεν ὁ κόραξ ἕως οὗ ἐξηράνθη ἡ γῆ: καίτοιγε οὐδὲ μετὰ ταῦτα ὑπέστρεψε. Καὶ περὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ δὲ διαλεγομένη φησίν: Ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰῶνος καὶ ἕως τοῦ αἰῶνος σὺ εἶ: οὐχ ὅρους τιθεῖσα ἐνταῦθα: καὶ πάλιν εὐαγγελιζομένη καὶ λέγουσα: Ἀνατελεῖ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτοῦ δικαιοσύνη καὶ πλῆθος εἰρήνης, ἕως οὗ ἀνταναιρεθῇ ἡ σελήνη: οὐ πέρας δίδωσι τῷ καλῷ τούτῳ στοιχείῳ. Οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα τὸ, Ἕως, εἶπε, τὰ πρὸ τῶν ὠδίνων ἀσφαλιζομένη, τὰ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα σοὶ καταλιμπάνουσα συλλογίζεσθαι. Ὃ μὲν γὰρ ἀναγκαῖον ἦν παρ' αὐτοῦ σε μαθεῖν, τοῦτο αὐτὸς εἴρηκεν, ὅτι ἀνέπαφος ἦν ἡ Παρθένος ἕως τοῦ τόκου: ὃ δὲ ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων ἀκόλουθόν τε ἐφαίνετο καὶ ὡμολογημένον, τοῦτο σοὶ λοιπὸν ἀφίησι συνιδεῖν: οἷον, ὅτι οὐδὲ μετὰ ταῦτα τὴν οὕτω γενομένην μητέρα, καὶ καινῶν ὠδίνων καὶ ξένων καταξιωθεῖσαν λοχευμάτων, οὐκ ἂν δίκαιος ὢν ἐκεῖνος ὑπέμεινε γνῶναι λοιπόν. Εἰ γὰρ ἔγνω αὐτὴν, καὶ ἐν τάξει γυναικὸς εἶχε, πῶς ὡς ἀπροστάτευτον αὐτὴν καὶ οὐδένα ἔχουσαν τῷ μαθητῇ παρατίθεται, καὶ κελεύει αὐτῷ εἰς τὰ ἴδια αὐτὴν λαβεῖν; Πῶς οὖν, φησὶν, ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ χρηματίζουσιν οἱ περὶ Ἰάκωβον; Ὥσπερ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐνομίζετο ἀνὴρ τῆς Μαρίας. Πολλὰ γὰρ ἐγένετο τὰ παραπετάσματα, ὥστε συσκιασθῆναι τέως τὸν τοιοῦτον τόκον. Διὸ καὶ Ἰωάννης οὕτως αὐτοὺς ἐκάλει λέγων: Οὐδὲ γὰρ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ ἐπίστευον εἰς αὐτόν. Ἀλλ' ὅμως οἱ μὴ πιστεύοντες πρότερον, θαυμαστοὶ καὶ περιφανεῖς γεγόνασιν ὕστερον. Ὅτε γοῦν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἀνῆλθον οἱ περὶ Παῦλον δογμάτων ἕνεκεν, πρὸς αὐτὸν εὐθέως εἰσῆλθον. Οὕτω γὰρ ἦν θαυμαστὸς, ὡς καὶ τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν ἐγχειρισθῆναι πρῶτος. Φασὶ δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ σκληραγωγίᾳ προσέχειν τοσαύτῃ, ὡς καὶ τὰ μέλη νεκρωθῆναι ἅπαντα, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς συνεχοῦς εὐχῆς, καὶ τῆς διηνεκοῦς πρὸς τὸ ἔδαφος ὁμιλίας τὸ μέτωπον οὕτως αὐτῷ κατεσκληκέναι, ὡς μηδὲν ἄμεινον γονάτων καμήλου διακεῖσθαι τῆς ἀντιτυπίας ἕνεκεν αὐτῆς. Οὗτος καὶ τὸν Παῦλον μετὰ ταῦτα πάλιν εἰς τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα ἀνελθόντα ῥυθμίζει λέγων: Θεωρεῖς, ἀδελφὲ, πόσαι μυριάδες εἰσὶ τῶν συνεληλυθότων. Τοσαύτη ἦν αὐτοῦ ἡ σύνεσις, καὶ ὁ ζῆλος: μᾶλλον δὲ τοσαύτη ἡ τοῦ Χριστοῦ δύναμις. Οἱ γὰρ διασύροντες αὐτὸν ζῶντα, μετὰ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν οὕτως ἐξεπλάγησαν, ὡς καὶ ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς προθυμίας: ἅπερ μάλιστα δείκνυσι τῆς ἀναστάσεως τὴν ἰσχύν. Διὰ γάρ τοι τοῦτο τὰ λαμπρότερα ὕστερον ἐτηρεῖτο, ἵνα ἀναμφισβήτητος αὕτη ἡ ἀπόδειξις γένηται. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ ζωῇ θαυμαζομένων παρ' ἡμῖν ἀπελθόντων ἐπιλανθανόμεθα, πῶς οἱ ζῶντα διαχλευάζοντες τοῦτον, ὕστερον Θεὸν εἶναι ἐνόμισαν, εἰ τῶν πολλῶν εἷς ἦν; πῶς δ' ἂν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ καὶ σφαγῆναι κατεδέξαντο, εἰ μὴ σαφῆ τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἔλαβον τὴν ἀπόδειξιν; δʹ. Ταῦτα δὲ οὐχ ἵνα ἀκούητε λέγομεν μόνον, ἀλλ' ἵνα καὶ μιμῆσθε τήν τε ἀνδρείαν, τήν τε παῤῥησίαν, τήν τε δικαιοσύνην ἅπασαν: ἵνα μηδεὶς ἑαυτοῦ ἀπογινώσκῃ, κἂν πρὸ τούτου ῥᾴθυμος ἦν: ἵνα εἰς μηδὲν ἕτερον ἔχῃ τὰς ἐλπίδας, μετὰ τὸν ἔλεον τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀλλ' εἰς ἀρετὴν οἰκείαν. Εἰ γὰρ οὗτοι τῆς τοιαύτης οὐδὲν ἀπώναντο συγγενείας, καὶ οἴκου καὶ πατριᾶς τῆς αὐτῆς ὄντες τῷ Χριστῷ, ἕως ἀρετὴν ἐπεδείξαντο, τίνος δυνησόμεθα ἀπολαῦσαι συγγνώμης ἡμεῖς, συγγενεῖς καὶ ἀδελφοὺς δικαίους προβαλλόμενοι, ἂν μὴ σφόδρα ὦμεν ἐπιεικεῖς καὶ ἐν ἀρετῇ βεβιωκότες; Καὶ γὰρ ὁ προφήτης αὐτὸ τοῦτο αἰνιττόμενος ἔλεγεν: Ἀδελφὸς οὐ λυτροῦται, λυτρώσεται ἄνθρωπος; κἂν Μωϋσῆς ᾖ, κἂν Σαμουὴλ, κἂν Ἱερεμίας. Ἄκουσον γοῦν τί φησι πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Θεός: Μὴ προσεύχου ὑπὲρ τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου, ὅτι οὐκ εἰσακούσομαί σου. Καὶ τί θαυμάζεις εἰ σοῦ οὐκ ἀκούω; Καὶ γὰρ αὐτὸς ὁ Μωϋσῆς. φησὶν, εἰ παρῆν, καὶ Σαμουὴλ, οὐκ ἂν αὐτῶν ἐδεξάμην τὴν ὑπὲρ τούτων ἱκετηρίαν. Κἂν Ἰεζεκιὴλ ᾖ ὁ παρακαλῶν, ἀκούσεται, ὅτι Ἐὰν στῇ Νῶε, καὶ Ἰὼβ, καὶ Δανιὴλ, υἱοὺς αὐτῶν καὶ θυγατέρας οὐ μὴ ἐξέλωνται. Κἂν Ἀβραὰμ ὁ πατριάρχης ᾗ ὑπὲρ τῶν σφόδρα ἀνίατα νοσούντων καὶ μὴ μεταβαλλομένων δεόμενος, ἀπελεύσεται ὁ Θεὸς αὐτὸν ἐγκαταλιμπάνων, ὥστε μὴ δέξασθαι τὴν ὑπὲρ τούτων φωνήν. Κἂν Σαμουὴλ ᾖ πάλιν ὁ τοῦτο ποιῶν, ἐρεῖ πρὸς αὐτόν: Μὴ πένθει περὶ τοῦ Σαούλ. Κἂν ὑπὲρ ἀδελφῆς τις παρακαλῇ μὴ προσηκόντως, ἀκούσεται πάλιν ὅπερ Μωϋσῆς: Εἰ ἐμπτύων ἐνέπτυσεν ὁ πατὴρ εἰς τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτῆς. Μὴ δὴ πρὸς ἑτέρους ὦμεν κεχηνότες. Ἔχουσι μὲν γὰρ δύναμιν αἱ εὐχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων μεγίστην, ἀλλ' ὅταν καὶ ἡμεῖς μετανοῶμεν καὶ γινώμεθα βελτίους. Ἐπεὶ καὶ Μωϋσῆς τὸν ἀδελφὸν τὸν ἑαυτοῦ καὶ μυριάδας ἑξήκοντα τῆς θεηλάτου τότε ὀργῆς ἐξαρπάσας, τὴν ἀδελφὴν οὐκ ἴσχυσεν ἐξελέσθαι: καίτοιγε οὐκ ἴσον τὸ ἁμάρτημα ἦν: ἐκείνη μὲν γὰρ τὸν Μωϋσέα ὕβρισεν: ἐνταῦθα δὲ ἀσέβεια ἦν τὸ τολμηθέν. Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο μὲν ὑμῖν ἀφίημι τὸ ζήτημα: τὸ δὲ ἔτι τούτου χαλεπώτερον ἐπιλῦσαι πειράσομαι. Τί γὰρ χρὴ λέγειν τὴν ἀδελφήν; Ὁ γὰρ τοσούτου δήμου προστὰς, ἑαυτῷ ἀρκέσαι οὐκ ἴσχυσεν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τοὺς μυρίους πόνους καὶ τὰς ταλαιπωρίας, καὶ τὴν ἐν τεσσαράκοντα ἔτεσι προσεδρείαν, ἐκωλύετο τῆς γῆς ἐπιβῆναι, ὑπὲρ ἧς ἐπαγγελίαι τοσαῦται καὶ ὑποσχέσεις. Τί οὖν τὸ αἴτιον; Οὐκ ἦν λυσιτελοῦσα ἡ χάρις αὕτη, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολὺ τὸ βλάβος ἔχουσα, καὶ πολλοὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων ὑποσκελίζειν ἔμελλεν. Εἰ γὰρ ἐπειδὴ τῆς Αἰγύπτου μόνης ἀπηλλάγησαν, τὸν Θεὸν ἀφέντες, Μωϋσέα ἐζήτουν, καὶ αὐτῷ τὸ πᾶν ἐλογίζοντο: εἰ καὶ εἰσαγαγόντα εἶδον εἰς τὴν γῆν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, ποῦ οὐκ ἂν ἐξώκειλαν ἀσεβείας; Διά τοι τοῦτο οὐδὲ ὁ τάφος αὐτοῦ κατάδηλος γέγονε. Καὶ Σαμουὴλ δὲ τὸν μὲν Σαοὺλ οὐκ ἴσχυσεν ἀπαλλάξαι τῆς ἄνωθεν ὀργῆς, τοὺς δὲ Ἰσραηλίτας πολλάκις διέσωσε. Καὶ ὁ Ἱερεμίας Ἰουδαίοις μὲν οὐκ ἤρκεσεν, ἕτερον δέ τινα ἐκάλυψεν ἐν τῇ προφητείᾳ. Καὶ ὁ Δανιὴλ τοὺς μὲν βαρβάρους ἐξείλετο σφαττομένους, τοὺς δὲ Ἰουδαίους οὐκ ἐξείλετο αἰχμαλωτιζομένους. Καὶ ἐν τοῖς Εὐαγγελίοις δὲ ὀψόμεθα οὐκ ἐφ' ἑτέρων, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τῶν αὐτῶν ἀμφότερα ταῦτα γινόμενα: καὶ τὸν αὐτὸν νῦν μὲν ἀρκέσαντα ἑαυτῷ, νῦν δὲ προδεδομένον. Ὁ γὰρ τὰ μυρία τάλαντα ὀφείλων, καὶ ἐξείλετο ἑαυτὸν τοῦ κινδύνου δεηθεὶς, καὶ πάλιν οὐκ ἴσχυσεν: ἕτερος δὲ ἀντιστρόφως πρότερον ἑαυτὸν προδοὺς, ὕστερον τὰ μέγιστα ἑαυτῷ βοηθῆσαι ἴσχυσε. Τίς δὲ οὗτός ἐστιν; Ὁ τὴν πατρῴαν καταφαγὼν οὐσίαν. Ὥστε ἐὰν μὲν ῥᾳθυμῶμεν, οὐδὲ δι' ἑτέρων δυνησόμεθα σώζεσθαι: ἐὰν δὲ νήφωμεν, καὶ δι' ἑαυτῶν τοῦτο ἰσχύσομεν, καὶ δι' ἑαυτῶν μᾶλλον, ἢ δι' ἑτέρων. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῖν μᾶλλον δοῦναι βούλεται τὴν χάριν, ἢ ἑτέροις ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν: ἵνα καὶ παῤῥησίας ἀπολαύωμεν, καὶ βελτίους γινώμεθα, σπουδάζοντες αὐτοῦ λῦσαι τὴν ὀργήν. Οὕτω τὴν Χαναναίαν ἠλέησεν: οὕτω τὴν πόρνην ἔσωσεν, οὕτω τὸν λῃστὴν, οὐδενὸς γενομένου μεσίτου καὶ προστάτου. εʹ. Καὶ ταῦτα λέγω, οὐχ ἵνα μὴ ἱκετεύωμεν τοὺς ἁγίους, ἀλλ' ἵνα μὴ ῥᾳθυμῶμεν, μηδὲ ἀναπίπτοντες αὐτοὶ καὶ καθεύδοντες, ἑτέροις τὰ καθ' ἡμᾶς ἐπιτρέπωμεν μόνοις. Καὶ γὰρ εἰπὼν, Ποιήσατε ὑμῖν φίλους, οὐκ ἔστη μέχρι τούτου μόνον, ἀλλὰ προσέθηκεν, Ἐκ τοῦ ἀδίκου μαμωνᾶ: ἵνα πάλιν σὸν τὸ κατόρθωμα γένηται: οὐδὲν γὰρ ἕτερον ἢ ἐλεημοσύνην ἐνταῦθα ᾐνίξατο. Καὶ τὸ δὴ θαυμαστὸν, ὅτι οὐδὲ ἀκριβολογεῖται πρὸς ἡμᾶς, ἐὰν ἀποστῶμεν τῆς ἀδικίας Ὃ γὰρ λέγει τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν: Ἐκτήσω κακῶς; ἀνάλωσον καλῶς. Συνέλεξας ἀδίκως; σκόρπισον δικαίως. Καίτοιγε ποία τοῦτο ἀρετὴ τὸ ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων διδόναι; Ἀλλ' ὅμως ὁ Θεὸς, φιλάνθρωπος ὢν, καὶ μέχρι τούτου καταβαίνει: κἂν οὕτω ποιῶμεν, πολλὰ ἡμῖν ἐπαγγέλλεται ἀγαθά. Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς εἰς τοσοῦτον ἀναισθησίας ἥκομεν, ὡς μηδὲ ἐκ τοῦ ἀδίκου διδόναι: ἀλλὰ μυρία ἁρπάζοντες, ἂν πολλοστὸν μέρος καταβάλωμεν, τὸ πᾶν νομίζομεν πεπληρωκέναι. Οὐκ ἤκουσας Παύλου λέγοντος, ὅτι Ὁ σπείρων φειδομένως, φειδομένως καὶ θερίσει; Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν φείδῃ; μὴ γὰρ ἀνάλωμα τὸ πρᾶγμά ἐστι; μὴ γὰρ δαπάνη; Πρόσοδός ἐστι καὶ ἐμπορία. Ὅπου ἐμπορία, ἐκεῖ καὶ πλεονασμός: ὅπου σπόρος, ἐκεῖ καὶ ἀμητός. Σὺ δὲ, εἰ μὲν γῆν λιπαρὰν καὶ βαθεῖαν καὶ πολλὰ δυναμένην δέξασθαι σπέρματα γεωργεῖν ἔμελλες, καὶ τὰ ὄντα ἂν ἐξέβαλες, καὶ παρ' ἑτέρων ἂν ἐδανείσω, ζημίαν τὴν ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις φειδὼ νομίζων εἶναι: τὸν δὲ οὐρανὸν μέλλων γεωργεῖν, τὸν οὐδεμιᾷ ἀνωμαλίᾳ ἀέρων ὑποκείμενον, ἀλλὰ πάντως ἀποδώσοντα μετὰ πλείονος προσθήκης τὰ καταβαλλόμενα, ὀκνεῖς καὶ ἀναδύῃ, καὶ οὐκ ἐννοεῖς ὅτι ἔστι φειδόμενον ἀπολέσαι, καὶ μὴ φειδόμενον κερδᾶναι. Σκόρπισον τοίνυν, ἵνα μὴ ἀπολέσῃς: μὴ κατάσχῃς, ἵνα κατάσχῃς: ἔκβαλε, ἵνα φυλάξῃς: ἀνάλωσον, ἵνα κερδάνῃς. Κἂν φυλάξαι αὐτὰ δέῃ, μὴ σὺ φύλαττε: πάντως γὰρ αὐτὰ ἀπολεῖς: ἀλλὰ πίστευσον τῷ Θεῷ: οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἐκεῖθεν ἁρπάζει. Μὴ σὺ πραγματεύου: οὐδὲ γὰρ οἶσθα κερδαίνειν: ἀλλὰ δάνεισον τῷ πλείω τοῦ κεφαλαίου τὸν τόκον παρέχοντι. Δάνεισον ἔνθα μηδεὶς φθόνος, ἔνθα μηδεμία κατηγορία, μηδὲ ἐπιβουλὴ, μηδὲ φόβος. Δάνεισον τῷ μηδενὸς δεομένῳ, καὶ χρείαν ἔχοντι διὰ σέ: τῷ πάντας τρέφοντι, καὶ πεινῶντι, ἵνα σὺ μὴ λιμώξῃς: τῷ πενομένῳ, ἵνα σὺ πλουτήσῃς. Δάνεισον ὅθεν οὐκ ἔστι θάνατον, ἀλλὰ ζωὴν ἀντὶ θανάτου καρπώσασθαι: οὗτοι μὲν γὰρ βασιλείαν, ἐκεῖνοι δὲ γέενναν προξενοῦσιν οἱ τόκοι: οἱ μὲν γὰρ φιλαργυρίας, οἱ δὲ φιλοσοφίας εἰσί: καὶ οἱ μὲν ὠμότητος, οἱ δὲ φιλανθρωπίας. Τίνα οὖν ἕξομεν ἀπολογίαν, ὅταν καὶ πλείονα ἐξὸν λαβεῖν, καὶ μετὰ ἀσφαλείας, καὶ ἐν καιρῷ τῷ προσήκοντι, καὶ ἐν ἐλευθερίᾳ πολλῇ, καὶ σκωμμάτων χωρὶς καὶ φόβων καὶ κινδύνων, ἀφέντες ταῦτα κερδᾶναι, διώκωμεν ἐκεῖνα τὰ αἰσχρὰ καὶ εὐτελῆ καὶ σφαλερὰ καὶ διαπίπτοντα, καὶ πολλὴν προξενοῦντα τὴν κάμινον ἡμῖν; Οὐδὲν γὰρ, οὐδὲν τῶν ἐνταῦθα τόκων αἰσχρότερον, οὐδὲν ὠμότερον. Τὰς γὰρ ἀλλοτρίας ὁ τοιοῦτος πραγματεύεται συμφορὰς, καὶ πρόσοδον τὴν ἑτέρου δυσημερίαν ποιεῖται, καὶ μισθὸν ἀπαιτεῖ φιλανθρωπίας, καθάπερ δεδοικὼς μὴ ἐλεήμων φανῇ, καὶ προσχήματι φιλανθρωπίας βαθύτερον ὀρύσσει τὸ βάραθρον, ἐν τῷ βοηθεῖν ἐπιτρίβων τὴν πενίαν, καὶ ἐν τῷ χεῖρα ὀρέγειν ὠθῶν, καὶ δεχόμενος μὲν ὡς εἰς λιμένα, ναυαγίῳ δὲ περιβάλλων, ὡς ἐν σκοπέλῳ καὶ ὑφάλῳ καὶ σπιλάδι τοῦτον. Ἀλλὰ τί κελεύεις; φησί: τὸ συλλεχθὲν ἀργύριον καὶ ἐμοὶ χρήσιμον, ἑτέρῳ διδόναι εἰς ἐργασίαν, καὶ μηδένα μισθὸν ἀπαιτεῖν; Ἄπαγε: οὐ φημὶ τοῦτο ἐγὼ, ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα βούλομαί σε μισθὸν λαβεῖν, οὐ μὴν εὐτελῆ καὶ μικρὸν, ἀλλὰ πολλῷ μείζονα: ἀντὶ γὰρ χρυσίου, τὸν οὐρανὸν βούλομαί σε τόκον λαβεῖν. Τί τοίνυν εἰς πτωχείαν σεαυτὸν κατακλείεις, περὶ τὴν γῆν συρόμενος, καὶ μικρὰ ἀντὶ μεγάλων ἀπαιτῶν; Τοῦτο γὰρ οὐκ εἰδότος ἐστὶ πλουτεῖν. Ὅταν γὰρ ὁ μὲν Θεὸς, ἀντὶ χρημάτων ὀλίγων ἐπαγγέλληταί σοι τὰ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς ἀγαθὰ, σὺ δὲ λέγῃς, Μὴ οὐρανόν μοι δῷς, ἀλλ' ἀντὶ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ χρυσίον τὸ ἀπολλύμενον, τοῦτο βουλομένου μένειν ἐστὶν ἐν πενίᾳ. Ὡς ὅ γε ἐπιθυμῶν πλούτου καὶ εὐπορίας, τὰ μένοντα πρὸ τῶν ἀπολλυμένων, τὰ ἀνάλωτα πρὸ τῶν δαπανωμένων, τὰ πολλὰ πρὸ τῶν ὀλίγων, τὰ ἀκήρατα πρὸ τῶν φθειρομένων αἱρήσεται: οὕτω γὰρ κἀκεῖνα ἕψεται. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ τὴν γῆν πρὸ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ζητῶν, καὶ ταύτης ἐκπεσεῖται πάντως: ὁ δὲ ἐκεῖνον ταύτης προτιθεὶς, ἀμφοτέρων ἀπολαύσεται μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς ὑπερβολῆς. Ὅπερ ἵνα καὶ ἐφ' ἡμῶν γένηται, καταφρονήσαντες τῶν ἐνταῦθα πάντων, ἑλώμεθα τὰ μέλλοντα ἀγαθά. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ τούτων κἀκείνων τευξόμεθα, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.