John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Gospel of Matthew

“And He entered into a ship, and passed over, and came into His own city. And, behold, they brought to Him a man sick of the palsy, lying on a bed: and Jesus seeing their faith said unto the sick of the palsy; Son, be of good cheer; thy sins be forgiven thee.”1197 [R.V., accepting the same Greek text with Chrysostom, “thy sins are forgiven.”—R.]

By His own city here he means Capernaum. For that which gave Him birth was Bethlehem; that which brought Him up, Nazareth; that which had Him continually inhabiting it, Capernaum.

This paralytic, however, was different from that one who is set forth in John.1198 John v. 1. For he lay at the pool, but this at Capernaum; and that man had his infirmity thirty and eight years, but concerning this, no such thing is mentioned; and the other was in a state destitute of protectors, but this had some to take care of him, who also took him up, and carried him. And to this He saith, “Son, thy sins be forgiven thee,”1199 [R.V., accepting the same Greek text with Chrysostom, “thy sins are forgiven.”—R.]but to that He saith, “Wilt thou be made whole?”1200 John v. 6. And the other He healed on a sabbath day, but this not on a sabbath, for else the Jews would have laid this also to His charge; and in the case of this man they were silent, but in that of the other they were instant in persecuting him.

And this I have said, not without purpose, lest any one should think there is a discrepancy from suspecting it to be one and the same paralytic.

But do thou, I pray thee, mark the humility and meekness of our Lord. For He had also before this put away the multitudes from Him, and moreover when sent away by them at Gadara, He withstood not, but retired, not however to any great distance.

And again He entered into the ship and passed over, when He might have gone over afoot. For it was His will not to be always doing miracles, that He might not injure the doctrine of His humanity.1201 τ τ οκονομα λγ. [“Incarnation” expresses better the technical sense of the Greek term, as here used. Comp. Homily XIII. 2, p. 81, note.—R.]

Now Matthew indeed saith, that “they brought him,” but the others, that they also broke up the roof, and let him down.1202 Mark ii. 4; Luke v. 19. And they put the sick man before Christ, saying nothing, but committing the whole to Him. For though in the beginning He Himself went about, and did not require so much faith of them that came unto Him; yet in this case they both approached Him, and had faith required on their part. For, “Seeing,” it is said, “their faith;” that is, the faith of them that had let the man down. For He doth not on all occasions require faith on the part of the sick only: as for instance, when they are insane, or in any other way, through their disease, are out of their own control. Or rather, in this case the sick man too had part in the faith; for he would not have suffered himself to be let down, unless he had believed.

Forasmuch then as they had evinced so great faith, He also evinces His own power, with all authority absolving his sins, and signifying in all ways that He is equal in honor with Him that begat Him. And mark; He implied it from the beginning, by His teaching, when He taught them as one having authority; by the leper, when He said, “I will, be thou clean,”1203 Matt. viii. 3.by the centurion, when upon his saying, “Speak the word only, and my servant shall be healed, He marvelled at him,”1204 Matt. viii. 8.and celebrated him above all men; by the sea, when He curbed it with a mere word; by the devils, when they acknowledged Him as their judge, and He cast them out with great authority.

Here again in another and a greater way He constrains His very enemies to confess His equality in honor, and by their own mouth He makes it manifest. For He, to signify His indifference to honor (for there stood a great company of spectators shutting up the entrance, wherefore also they let him down from above), did not straightway hasten to heal the visible body, but He takes His occasion from them; and He healed first that which is invisible, the soul, by forgiving his sins; which indeed saved the other, but brought no great glory to Himself. They themselves rather, troubled by their malice, and wishing to assail Him, caused even against their will what was done to be conspicuous. He, in fact, in His abundance of counsel, made use of their envy for the manifestation of the miracle.

Upon their murmuring,1205 [ἐθορυβοντο; a stronger word than the Gospel narratives suggest. The translator tones it down, as above.—R.]then, and saying, “This man blasphemeth; who can forgive sins but God only?”1206 Matt. viii. 3. Comp. Mark ii. 7 [from which the latter part of the citation is taken.—R.]let us see what He saith. Did He indeed take away the suspicion? And yet if He were not equal, He should have said, “Why fix upon me a notion which is not convenient? I am far from this power.” But now hath He said none of these things, but quite the contrary He hath both affirmed and ratified, as well by His own voice, as by the performance of the miracle. Thus, it appearing that His saying certain things of Himself gave disgust to his hearers, He affirms what He had to say concerning Himself by the others; and what is truly marvellous, not by His friends only, but also by His enemies; for this is the excellency of His wisdom. By His friends on the one hand, when He said, “I will, be thou clean,”1207 Matt. viii. 3.and when He said, “I have not found so great faith, no, not in Israel;”1208 Matt. viii. 10.but by His enemies, now. For because they had said, “No man can forgive sins but God only,” He subjoined,

“But that ye may know that the Son of Man hath power to forgive sins upon the earth (then saith He to the sick of the palsy), Arise, and take up thy bed, and go unto thine house.”1209 Matt. viii. 6. [“Upon the earth” is placed in this peculiar position by Chrysostom here. In the next reference to the passage the correct order is followed.—R.]

And not here only, but also in another case again, when they were saying, “For a good work we stone thee not, but for blasphemy, and because that thou, being a man, makest thyself God,”1210 John x. 33.neither in that instance did He put down this opinion, but again confirmed it, saying, “If I do not the works of my Father, believe me not; but if I do, though ye believe not me, believe the works.”1211 John x. 37, 38.

2. In this case indeed He discloses also another sign, and that no small one, of His own Godhead, and of His equality in honor with the Father. For whereas they said, “To unbind sins pertains to God only,” He not only unbinds sins, but also before this He makes another kind of display in a thing which pertained to God only; the publishing the secrets in the heart. For neither had they uttered what they were thinking.

For “behold, certain of the scribes,” it saith, “said within themselves, This man blasphemeth. And Jesus knowing their thoughts, said, Wherefore think ye evil in your hearts?”1212 Matt. ix. 3, 4.

But that it belongs to God only to know men’s secrets, hear what saith the prophet, “Thou most entirely alone1213 μοντατο.knowest the hearts;”1214 2 Chron. vi. 30.and again, “God trieth the hearts and reins;1215 Ps. vii. 9.” and Jeremiah too saith, “The heart is deep above all things, and it is man, and who shall know him?”1216 Jer. xvii. 9, LXX.and, “Man shall look on the face, but God on the heart.”1217 1 Sam. xvi. 7. And by many things one may see, that to know what is in the mind belongs to God alone.

Implying therefore that He is God, equal to Him that begat Him; what things they were reasoning in themselves (for through fear of the multitude, they durst not utter their mind), this their opinion He unveils and makes manifest, evincing herein also His great gentleness.1218 τ νεπαχθς.

“For wherefore,” saith He, “think ye evil in your hearts?”1219 Matt. ix. 4.

And yet if there were cause for displeasure, it was the sick man who should have been displeased, as being altogether deceived, and should have said “One thing I came to have healed, and amendest Thou another? Why, whence is it manifest that my sins are forgiven?”

But now he for his part utters no such word, but gives himself up to the power of the healer; but these being curious and envious, plot against the good deeds of others. Wherefore He rebukes them indeed, but with all gentleness. “Why, if ye disbelieve,” saith He, “what went before, and account my saying a boast; behold I add to it also another, the uncovering of your secrets; and after that again another.” What then is this? The giving tone to the body of the paralyzed.

And whereas, when He spake unto the sick of the palsy, He spake without clearly manifesting His own authority: for He said not, “I forgive thee thy sins,” but, “thy sins be forgiven thee:” upon their constraining, He discloses His authority more clearly, saying, “But that ye may know that the Son of Man hath power1220 [R.V., margin, “authority;” compare the next paragraph. On the order, see note 7, p. 196.—R.]on earth to forgive sins.”

Seest thou, how far He was from unwillingness to be thought equal to the Father? For He said not at all, “The Son of Man hath need of another;” or, “He hath given Him authority,” but, “He hath authority.” Neither doth He say it for love of honor, but “to convince you,” so He speaks, “that I do not blaspheme in making myself equal with God.”

Thus everywhere His will is to offer proofs clear and indisputable; as when He saith, “Go thy way, show thyself to the priest;”1221 Matt. viii. 4.and when He points to Peter’s wife’s mother ministering, and permits the swine to cast themselves down headlong. And in the same manner here also; first, for a certain token of the forgiveness of his sins, He provides the giving tone to his body: and of that again, his carrying his bed; to hinder the fact from being thought a mere fancy. And He doeth not this, before He had asked them a question. “For whether is easier,” saith He, “to say, Thy sins be forgiven thee? or to say, Take up thy bed, and go unto thine house?”1222 Matt. ix. 5, 6. Now what He saith is like this, “Which seems to you easier, to bind up a disorganized1223 δικισμνον, literally, “distributed into different habitations;” as when the population of Mantinea was broken up by the Lacedæmonians, δικσθη Μαντινεα: see Xen. Hellenic, v. 2, 7; comp. Dem. de Pace, i. 59, ed. Reiske; de Fals. Leg. i. 366.body, or to undo1224 λσαι.the sins of a soul? It is quite manifest; to bind up a body. For by how much a soul is better than a body, by so much is the doing away sins a greater work than this; but because the one is unseen, the other in sight, I throw in that, which although an inferior thing, is yet more open to sense; that the greater also and the unseen may thereby receive its proof;” thus by His works anticipating even now the revelation of what had been said by John, that “He taketh away the sins of the world.”

Well then, having raised him up, He sends him to his house; here again signifying His unboastfulness,1225 [το τυφον.]and that the event was not a mere imagination; for He makes the same persons witnesses of his infirmity, and also of his health. For I indeed had desired, saith He, through thy calamity to heal those also, that seem to be in health, but are diseased in mind; but since they will not, depart thou home, to heal them that are there.

Seest thou how He indicates Him1226 [The reference here seems to be to God, but a reflexive sense is not improbable; “indicates that He Himself is,” etc.—R.]to be Creator both of souls and bodies? He heals therefore the palsy in each of the two substances, and makes the invisible evident by that which is in sight. But nevertheless they still creep upon the earth.

“For when the multitudes saw it, they marvelled, and glorified God, which” (it is said) “had given such power unto men:”1227 Matt. ix. 8. [R.V., “they were afraid,” for “they marvelled” (A.V.). But Chrysostom’s text agrees with that of the received, followed by the A.V.]for the flesh was an offense unto them.1228 προσστατο ατο. But He did not rebuke them, but proceeds by His works to arouse them, and exalt their thoughts. Since for the time it was no small thing for Him to be thought greater than all men, as having come from God. For had they well established these things in their own minds, going on orderly they would have known, that He was even the Son of God. But they did not retain these things clearly, wherefore neither were they able to approach Him. For they said again, “This man is not of God;”1229 John ix. 16.“how is this man of God?” And they were continually harping on these things, putting them forward as cloaks for their own passions.

3. Which thing many now also do; and thinking to avenge God, fulfill their own passions, when they ought to go about all with moderation. For even the God of all, having power to launch His thunderbolt against them that blaspheme Him, makes the sun to rise, and sends forth the showers, and affords them all other things in abundance; whom we ought to imitate, and so to entreat, advise, admonish, with meekness, not angry, not making ourselves wild beasts.

For no harm at all ensues unto God by their blasphemy, that thou shouldest be angered, but he who blasphemed hath himself also received the wound. Wherefore groan, bewail, for the calamity indeed deserves tears. And the wounded man, again,—noth ing can so heal him as gentleness: gentleness, I say, which is mightier than any force.

See, for example, how He Himself, the insulted one, discourses with us, both in the Old Testament, and in the New; in the one saying, “O my people, what have I done unto thee?”1230 Micah vi. 3.in the other, “Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me.”1231 Acts ix. 4. And Paul too bids, “In meekness instruct those that oppose themselves.”1232 2 Tim. ii. 25. And Christ again, when His disciples had come to Him, requiring fire to come down from heaven, strongly rebuked them, saying, “Ye know not what manner of spirit ye are of.”1233 Luke ix. 55. [This clause is not found in the oldest Greek mss. of the New Testament. Comp. R.V. text and margin.—R.]

And here again He said not, “O accursed, and sorcerers as ye are; O ye envious, and enemies of men’s salvation;” but, “Wherefore think ye evil in your hearts?”

We must, you see, use gentleness to eradicate the disease. Since he who is become better through the fear of man, will quickly return to wickedness again. For this cause He commanded also the tares to be left, giving an appointed day of repentance. Yea, and many of them in fact repented, and became good, who before were bad; as for instance, Paul, the Publican, the Thief; for these being really tares turned into kindly wheat. Because, although in the seeds this cannot be, yet in the human will it is both manageable and easy; for our will is bound by no limits of nature, but hath freedom of choice for its privilege.

Accordingly, when thou seest an enemy of the truth, wait on him, take care of him, lead him back into virtue, by showing forth an excellent life, by applying “speech that cannot be condemned,”1234 Tit. ii. 8.by bestowing attention and tender care, by trying every means of amendment, in imitation of the best physicians. For neither do they cure in one manner only, but when they see the wound not yield to the first remedy, they add another, and after that again another; and now they use the knife, and now bind up. And do thou accordingly, having become a physician of souls, put in practice every mode of cure according to Christ’s laws; that thou mayest receive the reward both of saving thyself and of profiting others, doing all to the glory of God, and so being glorified also thyself. “For them that glorify me,” saith He, “I will glorify; and they that despise me, shall be lightly esteemed.”1235 1 Sam. ii. 30. [“Shall be despised,” according to the form given in the text. But in the LXX. the last verb is not the same as the preceding one.—R.]

Let us, I say, do all things unto His glory; that we may attain unto that blessed portion, unto which God grant we may all attain, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory and might forever and ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΚΘʹ. Καὶ ἐμβὰς εἰς τὸ πλοῖον διεπέρασε, καὶ ἦλθεν εἰς τὴν ἰδίαν πόλιν. Καὶ ἰδοὺ προσήνεγκαν αὐ τῷ παραλυτικὸν ἐπὶ κλίνης βεβλημένον. Καὶ ἰδὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὴν πίστιν αὐτῶν, εἶπε τῷ παραλυτικῷ: «Θάρσει, τέκνον, ἀφέωνταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι.» αʹ. Ἰδίαν αὐτοῦ πόλιν ἐνταῦθα τὴν Καπερναοὺμ λέγει. Ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἤνεγκεν αὐτὸν, ἡ Βηθλεέμ: ἡ δὲ ἔθρεψεν, ἡ Ναζαρέτ: ἡ δὲ εἶχεν οἰκοῦντα διηνεκῶς, ἡ Καπερναούμ. Ὁ μέντοι παραλυτικὸς ἕτερος οὗτός ἐστι παρὰ τὸν ἐν τῷ Ἰωάννῃ κείμενον. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἐν τῇ κολυμβήθρᾳ κατέκειτο, οὗτος δὲ ἐν τῇ Καπερναούμ: καὶ ὁ μὲν τριακονταοκτὼ εἶχεν ἔτη, περὶ τούτου δὲ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον εἴρηται: καὶ ὁ μὲν ἐν ἐρημίᾳ τῶν προστησομένων ἦν, οὗτος δὲ εἶχε τοὺς ἐπιμελουμένους, οἳ καὶ βαστάζοντες αὐτὸν ἔφερον. Καὶ τούτῳ μέν φησι, Τέκνον, ἀφέωνταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι: ἐκείνῳ δέ φησι, Θέλεις ὑγιὴς γενέσθαι; Καὶ τὸν μὲν ἐν σαββάτῳ ἐθεράπευσε, τοῦτον δὲ οὐκ ἐν σαββάτῳ: ἦ γὰρ ἂν ἐνεκάλεσαν καὶ τοῦτο Ἰουδαῖοι: καὶ ἐπὶ τούτου μὲν ἐσίγησαν, ἐπ' ἐκείνου δὲ ἐπέκειντο διώκοντες. Ταῦτα δέ μοι οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἴρηται, ἀλλ' ἵνα μή τις διαφωνίαν εἶναι νομίσῃ, ἕνα καὶ τὸν αὐτὸν ὑποπτεύσας παραλυτικόν. Σὺ δέ μοι σκόπει τὸ ἄτυφον καὶ τὸ ἐπιεικὲς τοῦ Δεσπότου. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ πρὸ τούτου τοὺς ὄχλους διεκρούσατο: καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἐν Γαδάροις δὲ ἐκβληθεὶς, οὐκ ἀντέτεινεν, ἀλλ' ἀνεχώρησε μὲν, οὐ μὴν μακράν. Καὶ πάλιν εἰς τὸ πλοῖον ἐμβὰς διέβαινε, δυνάμενος καὶ πεζῇ διαβαίνειν. Οὐ γὰρ ἀεὶ παραδοξοποιεῖν ἐβούλετο, ὥστε μὴ τῷ τῆς οἰκονομίας λυμήνασθαι λόγῳ. Ὁ μὲν οὖν Ματθαῖός φησιν, ὅτι προσέφερον αὐτόν: οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι, ὅτι καὶ τὴν στέγην διατεμόντες, καθῆκαν αὐτόν. Καὶ προὔθηκαν τῷ Χριστῷ τὸν κάμνοντα, λέγοντες μὲν οὐδὲν, αὐτῷ δὲ τὸ πᾶν ἐπιτρέποντες. Ἐν ἀρχῇ μὲν γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸς περιῆγε, καὶ οὐ τοσαύτην παρὰ τῶν προσιόντων ᾔτει τὴν πίστιν: ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ προσῄεσαν. καὶ πίστιν ἀπῃτοῦντο. Ἰδὼν γὰρ, φησὶ, τὴν πίστιν αὐτῶν, τουτέστι, τῶν χαλασάντων. Οὐ γὰρ πανταχοῦ παρὰ τῶν καμνόντων μόνον ζητεῖ τὴν πίστιν: οἷον, ὅταν παραπαίωσιν, ἢ ἑτέρως ὑπὸ τοῦ νοσήματος ὦσιν ἐξεστηκότες. Μᾶλλον δὲ ἐνταῦθα καὶ τοῦ κάμνοντος ἦν ἡ πίστις: οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἠνέσχετο χαλασθῆναι μὴ πιστεύων. Ἐπεὶ οὖν τοσαύτην ἐπεδείξαντο πίστιν, ἐπιδείκνυται καὶ αὐτὸς τὴν αὐτοῦ δύναμιν, μετ' ἐξουσίας ἁπάσης λύων τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, καὶ δεικνὺς διὰ πάντων, ὅτι ὁμότιμός ἐστι τῷ γεγεννηκότι. Σκόπει δέ: ἄνωθεν ἔδειξε διὰ τῆς διδασκαλίας, ὅτε ἐδίδαξεν αὐτοὺς ὡς ἐξουσίαν ἔχων: διὰ τοῦ λεπροῦ, ὅτε εἶπε, Θέλω, καθαρίσθητι: διὰ τοῦ ἑκατοντάρχου, ὅτε εἰπόντα, Εἰπὲ λόγῳ μόνον, καὶ ἰαθήσεται ὁ παῖς μου, ἐθαύμασε καὶ ὑπὲρ πάντας ἀνεκήρυξε: διὰ τῆς θαλάττης, ὅτε αὐτὴν ἐχαλίνωσε λόγῳ μόνῳ: διὰ τῶν δαιμόνων, ὅτε αὐτὸν κριτὴν ἀνωμολόγουν, καὶ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς ἐξουσίας αὐτοὺς ἐξέβαλεν. Ἐνταῦθα πάλιν ἑτέρῳ μείζονι τρόπῳ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς αὐτοὺς καταναγκάζει ὁμολογῆσαι τὴν ὁμοτιμίαν, καὶ διὰ τοῦ στόματος αὐτῶν αὐτὸ καθίστησι φανερόν. Αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ τὸ ἀφιλότιμον δεικνὺς (καὶ γὰρ πολὺ περιειστήκει θέατρον τὴν εἴσοδον ἀποτειχίζον, διὸ καὶ ἄνωθεν αὐτὸν καθῆκαν), οὐκ ἐπέδραμεν εὐθέως τῇ τοῦ σώματος θεραπείᾳ τοῦ φαινομένου, ἀλλὰ παρ' ἐκείνων λαμβάνει τὴν ἀφορμήν: καὶ τὸ ἄδηλον πρῶτον ἐθεράπευσε, τὴν ψυχὴν, τὰ ἁμαρτήματα ἀφείς: ὅπερ ἐκεῖνον μὲν ἔσωζεν, αὐτῷ δὲ οὐ πολλὴν δόξαν ἔφερεν. Ἐκεῖνοι μὲν γὰρ ὑπὸ πονηρίας ἐνοχλούμενοι, καὶ ἐπισκῆψαι βουλόμενοι, ἐκλάμψαι τὸ γεγενημένον καὶ ἄκοντες παρεσκεύασαν. Καὶ γὰρ εὐμήχανος ὢν αὐτὸς, τῇ βασκανίᾳ αὐτῶν εἰς τὴν τοῦ σημείου φανέρωσιν ἀπεχρήσατο. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐθορυβοῦντο καὶ ἔλεγον: Οὗτος βλασφημεῖ: τίς δύναται ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας, εἰ μὴ μόνος ὁ Θεός; ἴδωμεν τί φησιν αὐτός. Ἆρα ἀνεῖλε τὴν ὑπόνοιαν; Καίτοιγε εἰ μὴ ἴσος ἦν, ἐχρῆν εἰπεῖν: Τί μοι προστρίβεσθε μὴ προσήκουσαν ὑπόληψιν; πόῤῥω ταύτης ἐγὼ τῆς δυνάμεως. Νῦν δὲ τούτων μὲν οὐδὲν εἶπε: τοὐναντίον δὲ ἅπαν καὶ ἐβεβαίωσε καὶ ἐκύρωσε, τῇ τε παρ' ἑαυτοῦ φωνῇ, καὶ τῇ τοῦ θαύματος ἐπιδείξει. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὸ αὐτόν τινα περὶ ἑαυτοῦ λέγειν ἐδόκει προσίστασθαι τοῖς ἀκροωμένοις, διὰ τῶν ἄλλων βεβαιοῖ τὰ περὶ ἑαυτοῦ: καὶ τὸ δὴ θαυμαστὸν, ὅτι οὐ διὰ τῶν φίλων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν: τοῦτο γὰρ ἡ περιουσία τῆς αὐτοῦ σοφίας. Διὰ μὲν τῶν φίλων, ὅτε εἶπε, Θέλω, καθαρίσθητι, καὶ ὅτε εἶπεν, Οὐδὲ ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ τοσαύτην πίστιν εὗρον: διὰ δὲ τῶν ἐχθρῶν νῦν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἶπον, ὅτι οὐδεὶς δύναται ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας, εἰ μὴ μόνος ὁ Θεὸς, ἐπήγαγεν: Ἵνα δὲ εἰδῆτε, ὅτι ἐξουσίαν ἔχει ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς: (τότε λέγει τῷ παραλυτικῷ:) Ἐγερθεὶς ἆρον τὸν κράββατόν σου, καὶ ὕπαγε εἰς τὸν οἶκόν σου. Οὐκ ἐνταῦθα δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ πάλιν λεγόντων αὐτῶν: Περὶ καλοῦ ἔργου οὐ λιθάζομέν σε, ἀλλὰ περὶ βλασφημίας, καὶ ὅτι σὺ ἄνθρωπος ὢν, ποιεῖς σεαυτὸν Θεόν: οὐδὲ ἐκεῖ τὴν δόξαν ταύτην κατέλυσεν, ἀλλὰ πάλιν αὐτὴν ἐκύρωσε λέγων, Εἰ μὴ ποιῶ τὰ ἔργα τοῦ Πατρός μου, μὴ πιστεύετέ μοι: εἰ δὲ ποιῶ, κἂν ἐμοὶ μὴ πιστεύητε, τοῖς ἔργοις πιστεύσατε. βʹ. Ἐνταῦθα μέντοι καὶ ἕτερον σημεῖον τῆς ἑαυτοῦ θεότητος δείκνυσιν οὐ μικρὸν, καὶ τῆς πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα ὁμοτιμίας. Ἐκεῖνοι μὲν γὰρ ἔλεγον, ὅτι τὸ λύειν ἁμαρτήματα Θεοῦ μόνου ἐστίν: αὐτὸς δὲ οὐ λύει ἁμαρτήματα μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸ τούτου ἕτερόν τι ἐπιδείκνυται, ὃ Θεοῦ μόνου ἦν, τὸ τὰ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ἀπόῤῥητα ἐκφέρειν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐξήνεγκαν εἰς μέσον ὅπερ ἐνενόουν. Ἰδοὺ γάρ τινες τῶν γραμματέων, φησὶν, ἐν ἑαυτοῖς εἶπον: Οὗτος βλασφημεῖ. Καὶ εἰδὼς ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὰς ἐνθυμήσεις αὐτῶν, εἶπεν: Ἱνατί ἐνθυμεῖσθε πονηρὰ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν; Ὅτι δὲ Θεοῦ μόνου ἐστὶ τὸ τὰ ἀπόῤῥητα εἰδέναι, ἄκουσον τί φησιν ὁ προφήτης: Σὺ ἐπίστασαι καρδίας μονώτατος: καὶ πάλιν, Ἐτάζων καρδίας καὶ νεφροὺς ὁ Θεός. Καὶ ὁ Ἱερεμίας δέ φησι: Βαθεῖα ἡ καρδία παρὰ πάντα, καὶ ἄνθρωπός ἐστι, καὶ τίς γνώσεται αὐτόν; καὶ, Ἄνθρωπος ὄψεται εἰς πρόσωπον, ὁ δὲ Θεὸς εἰς καρδίαν. Καὶ διὰ πολλῶν ἔστιν ἰδεῖν, ὅτι Θεοῦ μόνου ἐστὶ τὰ κατὰ διάνοιαν εἰδέναι. Δεικνὺς τοίνυν, ὅτι Θεός ἐστιν, ἴσος τῷ γεγεννηκότι, ἅπερ ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἐλογίζοντο (δεδοικότες γὰρ τὸ πλῆθος, οὐκ ἐτόλμων αὐτῶν τὴν γνώμην εἰς τὸ μέσον ἐξενεγκεῖν), ταύτην ἐκκαλύπτει καὶ δήλην ποιεῖ, πολὺ καὶ ἐνταῦθα τὸ ἀνεπαχθὲς ἐνδεικνύμενος. Ἱνατί γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐνθυμεῖσθε πονηρὰ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν; Καίτοιγε εἰ ἀγανακτῆσαι ἐχρῆν, τὸν κάμνοντα ἀγανακτῆσαι ἔδει ὡς διαπατηθέντα, καὶ εἰπεῖν: Ἕτερον ἦλθον θεραπεῦσαι, καὶ ἕτερον διορθοῦσαι; πόθεν γὰρ δῆλον, ὅτι ἀφέωνταί μου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι; Νυνὶ δὲ ἐκεῖνος μὲν οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον φθέγγεται, ἀλλὰ δίδωσιν ἑαυτὸν τῇ τοῦ θεραπεύοντος ἐξουσίᾳ: οὗτοι δὲ περιττοὶ ὄντες καὶ βάσκανοι, ταῖς ἑτέρων ἐπιβουλεύουσιν εὐεργεσίαις. Διὸ ἐπισκήπτει μὲν αὐτοῖς, μετ' ἐπιεικείας δὲ ἁπάσης. Εἰ γὰρ ἀπιστεῖτε, φησὶ, τῷ προτέρῳ, καὶ κόμπον εἶναι νομίζετε τὸ λεχθὲν, ἰδοὺ καὶ ἕτερον ἐκείνῳ προστίθημι, τὸ τὰ ἀπόῤῥητα ὑμῶν ἐκκαλύψαι: καὶ μετ' ἐκεῖνο πάλιν ἕτερον. Ποῖον δὴ τοῦτο; Τὸ σφίγξαι τὸ σῶμα τοῦ παραλελυμένου. Καὶ ὅτε μὲν εἶπε τῷ παραλυτικῷ, οὐ σαφῶς τὴν ἐξουσίαν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ δηλῶν εἶπεν: οὑ γὰρ εἶπεν, Ἀφίημί σοι τὰς ἁμαρτίας, ἀλλ', Ἀφέωνταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐκεῖνοι ἠνάγκασαν, τρανοτέραν αὐτοῦ δείκνυσι τὴν ἐξουσίαν, λέγων: Ἵνα δὲ εἰδῆτε, ὅτι ἐξουσίαν ἔχει ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας. Ὁρᾷς ὅσον ἀπεῖχε τοῦ μὴ θέλειν νομίζεσθαι ἴσος τῷ Πατρί; Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι δεῖται ἑτέρου ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, ἢ ὅτι ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ ἐξουσίαν, ἀλλ' ὅτι Ἐξουσίαν ἔχει. Καὶ οὐδὲ αὐτὸ πρὸς φιλοτιμίαν λέγει, ἀλλ' Ἵνα ὑμᾶς πείσω, φησὶν, ὅτι οὐ βλασφημῶ ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ποιῶν τῷ Θεῷ. Πανταχοῦ γὰρ ἀποδείξεις βούλεται παρέχειν σαφεῖς καὶ ἀναντιῤῥήτους, ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ: Ὕπαγε, σαυτὸν δεῖξον τῷ ἱερεῖ: καὶ τὴν πενθερὰν Πέτρου δεικνύῃ διακονοῦσαν, καὶ τοὺς χοίρους συγχωρῇ κατακρημνίζεσθαι. Οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα, τῆς μὲν τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἀφέσεως τεκμήριον, τὴν τοῦ σώματος σφίγξιν ποιεῖται: τῆς δὲ σφίγξεως, τὸ βαστάσαι τὸν κράββατον: ὥστε μὴ νομισθῆναι φαντασίαν εἶναι τὸ γεγενημένον. Καὶ οὐ πρότερον τοῦτο ποιεῖ, ἕως αὐτοὺς ἠρώτησε. Τί γὰρ, φησὶν, εὐκοπώτερόν ἐστιν εἰπεῖν, Ἀφέωνταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι: ἢ εἰπεῖν, Ἆρον τὸν κράββατόν σου, καὶ ὕπαγε εἰς τὸν οἶκόν σου; Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστι: Τί δοκεῖ ῥᾷον ὑμῖν εἶναι, σῶμα σφίγξαι διῳκισμένον, ἢ ψυχῆς ἁμαρτήματα λῦσαι; Εὔδηλον ὅτι σῶμα σφίγξαι. Ὅσῳ γὰρ ψυχὴ σώματος βελτίων, τοσούτῳ τὸ ἁμαρτήματα λῦσαι τούτου μεῖζον: ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ τὸ μὲν ἀφανὲς, τὸ δὲ φανερὸν, προστίθημι τὸ καταδεέστερον μὲν, φανερώτερον δέ: ἵνα καὶ τὸ μεῖζον καὶ τὸ ἀφανὲς διὰ τούτου λάβῃ τὴν ἀπόδειξιν, διὰ τῶν ἔργων προαποκαλύπτων ἤδη τὸ ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἰωάννου εἰρημένον, ὅτι αὐτὸς αἴρει τὰς ἁμαρτίας τοῦ κόσμου. γʹ. Ἀναστήσας τοίνυν αὐτὸν, εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν πέμπει: πάλιν ἐνταῦθα τὸ ἄτυφον δεικνὺς, καὶ ὅτι οὐ φαντασία ἦν τὸ γεγενημένον: τοὺς γὰρ τῆς ἀῤῥωστίας μάρτυρας, τούτους ποιεῖται καὶ τῆς ὑγιείας. Ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ ἐβουλόμην, φησὶ, διὰ τοῦ σοῦ πάθους καὶ τοὺς δοκοῦντας ὑγιαίνειν, νοσοῦντας δὲ τὴν διάνοιαν, θεραπεῦσαι: ἐπειδὴ δὲ οὐ βούλονται, ἄπιθι οἴκαδε, τοὺς ἐκεῖ διορθωσόμενος. Ὁρᾷς πῶς δείκνυσι καὶ ψυχῆς καὶ σωμάτων αὐτὸν ὄντα δημιουργόν; Ἑκατέρας οὖν οὐσίας τὴν παράλυσιν ἰᾶται, καὶ τὸ ἀφανὲς ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ δῆλον ποιεῖ: ἀλλ' ὅμως ἔτι χαμαὶ σύρονται. Ἰδόντες γὰρ οἱ ὄχλοι ἐθαύμασαν, καὶ ἐδόξασαν τὸν Θεὸν, φησὶν, τὸν δόντα ἐξουσίαν τοιαύτην τοῖς ἀνθρώποις: προσίστατο γὰρ αὐτοῖς ἡ σάρξ. Αὐτὸς δὲ αὐτοῖς οὐκ ἐπετίμα, ἀλλὰ πρόεισι διὰ τῶν ἔργων ἐγείρων αὐτοὺς, καὶ ὑψηλὸν τὸ φρόνημα ποιῶν. Τέως γὰρ οὐκ ἦν μικρὸν τὸ νομίζεσθαι πάντων ἀνθρώπων εἶναι μείζω, καὶ παρὰ Θεοῦ ἥκειν. Εἰ γὰρ ταῦτα καλῶς ἐβεβαίωσαν παρ' ἑαυτοῖς, ὁδῷ προβαίνοντες ἔγνωσαν ἂν, ὅτι καὶ Θεοῦ Υἱὸς ἦν. Ἀλλ' οὐ κατέσχον ταῦτα σαφῶς: διὰ τοῦτο οὐδὲ προσελθεῖν ἠδυνήθησαν. Ἔλεγον γὰρ πάλιν: Οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὐκ ἔστι παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ: πῶς ἐστιν οὗτος παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ; Καὶ συνεχῶς αὐτὰ ἔστρεφον, τῶν οἰκείων παθῶν ταῦτα προβαλλόμενοι προκαλύμματα. Ὃ πολλοὶ καὶ νῦν ποιοῦσι, καὶ τὸν Θεὸν δοκοῦντες ἐκδικεῖν, οἰκεῖα πληροῦσι πάθη, δέον μετ' ἐπιεικείας ἅπαντα μετιέναι. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ τῶν ὅλων Θεὸς, σκηπτὸν δυνάμενος ἀφιέναι ἐπὶ τοὺς βλασφημοῦντας αὐτὸν, τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατέλλει, καὶ τοὺς ὄμβρους ἀφίησι, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα πάντα μετὰ δαψιλείας παρέχει: ὃν χρὴ καὶ ἡμᾶς μιμουμένους παρακαλεῖν, παραινεῖν, νουθετεῖν μετὰ πραότητος, οὐκ ὀργιζομένους, οὐδὲ ἐκθηριουμένους. Οὐδὲ γὰρ βλάβη τις εἰς τὸν Θεὸν ἀπὸ τῆς βλασφημίας ἐκβαίνει, ἵνα θυμωθῇς: ἀλλ' ὁ βλασφημήσας αὐτὸς καὶ τὸ τραῦμα ἔλαβεν. Οὐκοῦν στέναξον, θρήνησον: καὶ γὰρ δακρύων ἄξιον τὸ πάθος. Καὶ τὸν τραυματισθέντα δὲ οὐδὲν οὕτως ὡς ἐπιείκεια θεραπεῦσαι δύναται. Ἐπιείκεια γὰρ πάσης βίας δυνατωτέρα. Ὅρα γοῦν πῶς αὐτὸς ἡμῖν ὁ ὑβρισμένος διαλέγεται, καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς Παλαιᾶς καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς Καινῆς: ἐκεῖ μὲν λέγων, Λαός μου, τί ἐποίησά σοι; ἐνταῦθα δὲ, Σαῦλε, Σαῦλε, τί με διώκεις; Καὶ ὁ Παῦλος δὲ ἐν πραότητι κελεύει παιδεύειν τοὺς ἀντιδιατιθεμένους. Καὶ τῷ Χριστῷ δὲ ἡνίκα προσῄεσαν οἱ μαθηταὶ ἀξιοῦντες πῦρ καταβῆναι ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, σφόδρα ἐπετίμησεν αὐτοῖς λέγων: Οὐκ οἴδατε ποίου πνεύματός ἐστε ὑμεῖς. Καὶ ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐκ εἶπεν, Ὦ μιαροὶ καὶ γόητες ὑμεῖς: ὦ βάσκανοι καὶ τῆς τῶν ἀνθρώπων σωτηρίας ἐχθροί: ἀλλὰ, Τί ἐνθυμεῖσθε πονηρὰ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν; Δεῖ τοίνυν μετ' ἐπιεικείας ἐξαίρειν τὸ νόσημα. Ὁ γὰρ φόβῳ γενόμενος ἀνθρωπίνῳ βελτίων, ταχέως ἐπανήξει πρὸς τὴν πονηρίαν πάλιν. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὰ ζιζάνια ἀφεθῆναι ἐκέλευσε, διδοὺς προθεσμίαν μετανοίας. Πολλοὶ γοῦν αὐτῶν μετενόησαν, καὶ γεγόνασι σπουδαῖοι, πρότερον ὄντες φαῦλοι, οἷον ὁ Παῦλος, ὁ τελώνης, ὁ λῃστής: καὶ γὰρ ζιζάνια ὄντες οὗτοι σῖτος γεγόνασιν ὥριμος. Ἐπὶ μὲν γὰρ τῶν σπερμάτων τοῦτο ἀμήχανον: ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς προαιρέσεως ῥᾴδιόν τε καὶ εὔκολον: οὐ γὰρ φύσεως ὅροις αὕτη δέδεται, ἀλλ' ἐλευθερίᾳ προαιρέσεως τετίμηται. Ὅταν τοίνυν ἴδῃς ἐχθρὸν τῆς ἀληθείας, θεράπευσον, ἐπιμέλησαι, πρὸς ἀρετὴν ἐπανάγαγε, βίον ἐπιδεικνύμενος ἄριστον, λόγον παρεχόμενος ἀκατάγνωστον, προστασίαν καὶ κηδεμονίαν παρέχων, πάντα τρόπον κινῶν διορθώσεως, τοὺς ἀρίστους τῶν ἰατρῶν μιμούμενος. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι καθ' ἕνα τρόπον θεραπεύουσι μόνον, ἀλλ' ὅταν ἴδωσιν οὐκ εἶκον τὸ ἕλκος τῷ προτέρῳ φαρμάκῳ, προστιθέασιν ἕτερον, καὶ μετ' ἐκεῖνο πάλιν ἄλλο: καὶ νῦν μὲν τέμνουσι, νῦν δὲ ἐπιδεσμοῦσι. Καὶ σὺ τοίνυν ψυχῶν ἰατρὸς γενόμενος, πάντα κίνει θεραπείας τρόπον κατὰ τοὺς τοῦ Χριστοῦ νόμους, ἵνα καὶ τῆς σαυτοῦ σωτηρίας καὶ τῆς ἑτέρων ὠφελείας λάβῃς μισθὸν, εἰς δόξαν Θεοῦ πάντα ποιῶν, καὶ ταύτῃ καὶ αὐτὸς δοξαζόμενος. Τοὺς δοξάζοντας γάρ με δοξάσω, φησί: καὶ οἱ ἐξουθενοῦντές με ἐξουθενωθήσονται. Πάντα τοίνυν εἰς δόξαν αὐτοῦ πράττωμεν, ἵνα τῆς μακαρίας ἐκείνης ἐπιτύχωμεν λήξεως: ἧς γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.