John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Gospel of Matthew

“But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees come to his baptism, he said unto them, O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come?”

How then doth Christ say, that they did not believe John?442 Luke xx. 5. Because this was not believing, to decline receiving Him whom he preached. For so they thought they regarded their prophets and their lawgiver, nevertheless He said they had not regarded them, forasmuch as they received not Him, that was foretold by them. “For if ye had believed Moses,” saith He, “ye would have believed Me.”443 John v. 46. And after this again, being asked by Christ, “The baptism of John, whence is it?”444 Matt. xxi. 25, 26.they said, “If we shall say, Of earth, we fear the people; if we shall say, From heaven, He will say unto us, How then did ye not believe him?”

So that from all these things it is manifest that they came indeed and were baptized, yet they did not abide in the belief of that which was preached. For John also points out their wickedness, by their sending445 [“When some of them were sending.”—R.]unto the Baptist, and saying, “Art thou Elias? Art thou Christ?” wherefore he also added, “they which were sent were of the Pharisees.”446 John i. 24.

“What then? were not the multitudes also of this same mind”? one may say. Nay, the multitudes in simplicity of mind had this suspicion, but the Pharisees, wishing to lay hold of Him. For since it was acknowledged that Christ comes out of the village of David, and this man was of the tribe of Levi, they laid a snare by the question, in order that if he should say any such thing they might quickly come upon him. This at any rate he hath declared by what follows; for on his not acknowledging any of the things which they expected, even so they take hold of him, saying, “Why baptizest thou then, if thou be not the Christ?”447 John i. 25.

And to convince thee that the Pharisees came with one mind, and the people with another, hear how the evangelist hath declared this too; saying of the people, “that they came and were baptized of him, confessing their sins;”448 Matt. iii. 6.but concerning the Pharisees, no longer like that, but that “when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming, he said, O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come?” O greatness of mind! How doth he discourse unto men ever thirsting after the blood of the prophets, and in disposition no better than serpents! how doth he disparage both themselves and their progenitors with all plainness!

2. “Yea,” saith one; “he speaks plainly enough, but the question is if there be any reason in this plainness. For he did not see them sinning, but in the act of change; wherefore they did not deserve blame, but rather praise and approbation, for having left city and houses, and making haste to hear his preaching.”

What then shall we say? That he had not things present, and even now doing, in his view, but he knew the secrets of their mind, God having revealed this. Since then they were priding themselves on their forefathers, and this was like to prove the cause of their destruction, and was casting them into a state of carelessness, he cuts away the roots of their pride. For this cause Isaiah also calls them, “rulers of Sodom,” and “people of Gomorrah;”449 Is. i. 10.and another prophet saith, “Are ye not as children of the Ethiopians;”450 Amos ix. 7.and all withdraw them from this way of thinking, bringing down their pride, which had caused them unnumbered evils.

“But the prophets,” you will say, “naturally did so; for they saw them sinning: but in this case, with what view and for what cause doeth he the same, seeing them obey him.” To make them yet more tender-hearted.

But if one accurately mark his words, he hath also tempered his rebuke with commendation. For he spake these things, as marveling at them, that they were become able, however late, to do what seemed almost an impossibility for them. His rebuke, you see, is rather that of one bringing them over, and working upon them to arouse themselves. For in that he appears amazed, he implies both their former wickedness to be great, and their conversion marvellous and beyond expectation. Thus, “what hath come to pass,” saith he, “that being children of those men, and brought up so badly, they have repented? Whence hath come so great a change? Who hath softened down the harshness of their spirit? Who corrected that which was incurable?”

And see how straightway from the beginning he alarmed them, by laying first, for a foundation, his words concerning hell. For he spake not of the usual topics: “Who hath warned you to flee from wars, from the inroads of the barbarians, from captivities, from famines, from pestilences?” but concerning another sort of punishment, never before made manifest to them, he was striking the first preparatory note, saying thus, “Who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come?”

And full well did he likewise call them, “generation of vipers.” For that animal too is said to destroy the mother that is in travail with her, and eating through her belly, thus to come forth unto light; which kind of thing these men also did being “murderers of fathers, and murderers of mothers,”451 1 Tim. i. 9.and destroying their instructors with their own hands.

3. However, he stops not at the rebuke, but introduces advice also. For, “Bring forth,” says he, “fruits meet for repentance.”452 [R.V., “worth of repentance,” marg., “your repentance.”]

For to flee from wickedness is not enough, but you must show forth also great virtue. For let me not have that contradictory yet ordinary453 [συνθη ]case, that454 The correct reading seems to be ὅτε, “when,” not ὅτι, “that.”—R]refraining yourselves for a little while, ye return unto the same wickedness. For we are not come for the same objects as the prophets before. Nay, the things that are now are changed, and are more exalted, forasmuch as the Judge henceforth is coming, His very self, the very Lord of the kingdom, leading unto greater self-restraint, calling us to heaven, and drawing us upward to those abodes. For this cause do I unfold the doctrine also touching hell, because both the good things and the painful are for ever. Do not therefore abide as ye are, neither bring forward the accustomed pleas, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, the noble race of your ancestors.”

And these things he said, not as forbidding them to say that they were sprung from those holy men, but as forbidding them to put confidence in this, while they were neglecting the virtue of the soul; at once bringing forward publicly what was in their minds, and foretelling things to come. Because after this they are found to say, “We have Abraham to our father, and were never in bondage to any man.”455 John viii. 33. Since then it was this, which most of all lifted them up with pride and ruined them, he first puts it down.

And see how with his honor paid to the patriarch he combines his correction touching these things. Namely, having said, “Think not to say, We have Abraham to our father,” he said not, “for the patriarch shall not be able to profit you anything,” but somehow in a more gentle and acceptable manner he intimated the self-same thing, by saying,

“For God is able of these stones to raise up children to Abraham.”456 Matt. iii. 9.

Now some say, that concerning the Gentiles he saith these things, calling them stones, metaphorically; but I say, that the expression hath also another meaning. But of what kind is this? Think not, saith he, that if you should perish, you would make the patriarch childless. This is not, this is not so. For with God it is possible, both out of stones to give him men, and to bring them to that relationship; since at the beginning also it was so done. For it was like the birth of men out of stones, when a child came forth from that hardened womb.

This accordingly the prophet also was intimating, when he said, “Look unto the hard rock, whence ye are hewn, and to the hole of the pit, whence ye are digged: look unto Abraham your father, and unto Sarah that bare you.”457 Is. li. 1, 2. Now of this prophecy, you see, he reminds them, showing that if at the beginning he made him a father, as marvellously as if he had made him so out of stones, it was possible for this now also to come to pass. And see how he both alarms them, and cuts them off: in that he said not, “He had already raised up,” lest they should despair of themselves, but that He “is able to raise up:” and he said not, “He is able out of stones to make men,” but what was a much greater thing, “kinsmen and children of Abraham.”

Seest thou how for the time he drew them off from their vain imagination about things of the body, and from their refuge in their forefathers; in order that they might rest the hope of their salvation in their own repentance and continence? Seest thou how by casting out their carnal relationship, he is bringing in that which is of faith?

4. Mark then how by what follows also he increases their alarm, and adds intensity to their agonizing fear.

For having said that “God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham,” he added, “And now also the axe is laid unto the root of the trees,”458 Matt. iii. 10. [R.V., “And even now is the axe laid,” etc.—R.]by all means making his speech alarming. For as he from his way of life had much freedom of speech, so they needed his severe rebuke, having been left barren459 χερσωθντε.now for a long time. For “why do I say” (such are his words) “that ye are on the point of falling away from your relationship to the patriarch and of seeing others, even those that are of stones, brought in to your pre-eminence? Nay, not to this point only will your penalty reach, but your punishment will proceed further. “For now,” saith he, “the axe is laid unto the root of the trees.” There is nothing more terrible than this turn of his discourse. For it is no longer “a flying sickle,”460 Zech. v. 1, LXX.nor “the taking down of a hedge,” nor “the treading under foot of the vineyard;”461 Is. v. 5.but an axe exceeding sharp, and what is worse, it is even at the doors. For inasmuch as they continually disbelieved the prophets, and used to say, “Where is the day of the Lord:”462 See Amos v. 18; Jer. xvii. 15; Ezek. xii. 22, 27.and “let the counsel of the Holy One of Israel come, that we may know it,”463 Is. v. 19.by reason that it was many years before what they said came to pass; to lead them off from this encouragement also, he sets the terrors close to them. And this he declared by saying “now,” and by his putting it to “the root.” “For the space between is nothing now,” saith he, “but it is laid to the very root.” And he said not, “to the branches,” nor “to the fruits,” but “to the root.” Signifying, that if they were negligent, they would have incurable horrors to endure, and not have so much as a hope of remedy. It being no servant who is now come, as those before Him were, but the very Lord of all, bringing on them His fierce and most effectual vengeance.

Yet, although he hath terrified them again, he suffers them not to fall into despair; but as before he said not “He hath raised up,” but “He is able to raise up children to Abraham” (at once both alarming and comforting them); even so here also he did not say that “it hath touched the root,” but “it is laid to the root, and is now hard by it, and shows signs of no delay.” However, even though He hath brought it so near, He makes its cutting depend upon you. For if ye change and become better men, this axe will depart without doing anything; but if ye continue in the same ways, He will tear up the tree by the roots. And therefore, observe, it is neither removed from the root, nor applied as it is doth it cut at all: the one, that ye may not grow supine, the other to let you know that it is possible even in a short time to be changed and saved. Wherefore he doth also from all topics heighten their fear, thoroughly awakening and pressing them on to repentance. Thus first their falling away from their forefathers; next, others being introduced instead; lastly, those terrors being at their doors, the certainty of suffering incurable evils (both which he declared by the root and the axe), was sufficient to rouse thoroughly those even that were very supine, and to make them full of anxiety. I may add, that Paul too was setting forth the same, when he said, “A short word464 λγον.will the Lord make upon the whole world.”465 Rom. ix. 28.

But be not afraid; or rather, be afraid, but despair not. For thou hast yet a hope of change; the sentence is not quite absolute,466 ατοτελς, self-executed.neither did the axe come to cut (else what hindered it from cutting, close as it was to the root?); but on purpose by this fear to make thee a better man, and to prepare thee to bring forth fruit. For this cause he added, “Therefore every tree, which bringeth not forth good fruit, is hewn down, and cast into the fire.”467 Matt. iii. 10. Now by the word “every,” he rejects again the privilege which they had from their noble descent; “Why, if thou be Abraham’s own descendant,” saith he, “if thou have thousands of patriarchs to enumerate, thou wilt but undergo a double punishment, abiding unfruitful.”

By these words he alarmed even publicans, the soldiers’ mind was startled by him, not casting them into despair, yet ridding them of all security. For along with the terror, there is also much encouragement in what he saith; since by the expression, “which bringeth not forth good fruit,” he signified that what bears fruit is delivered from all vengeance.

5. “And how,” saith one, “shall we be able to bring forth fruit, when the edge is being applied, and the time so strait, and the appointed season cut short.” “Thou wilt be able,” saith he, “for this fruit is not of the same kind as that of common trees, waiting a long time, and in bondage to the necessities468 ἀναγκα.of seasons, and requiring much other management; but it is enough to be willing, and the tree at once hath put forth its fruit. For not the nature of the root only, but also the skill of the husbandman contributes the most to that kind of fruit-bearing.”

For (let me add) on account of this,—lest they should say, “Thou art alarming and pressing, and constraining us, applying an axe, and threatening us with being cut down, yet requiring produce in time of punishment,”—he hath added, to signify the ease of bearing that fruit, “I indeed baptize you with water, but He that cometh after me is mightier than I, the latchet of whose shoe I am not worthy to unloose; He shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire:”469 Matt. iii. 11. Comp. Luke iii. 16. [In neither passage is the preposition repeated in the Greek text. Chrysostom (see sec. 6) interprets “fire” as part of the blessing promised. So many modern commentators.—R.]implying hereby that consideration470 [γνμη.]only is needed and faith, not labors and toils; and as it is easy to be baptized, so is it easy to be converted, and to become better men. So having stirred their mind by the fear of God’s judgment, and the expectation of His punishment, and by the mention of the axe, and by the loss of their ancestors, and by the bringing in of those other children, and by the double vengeance of cutting off and burning, and having by all means softened their hardness, and brought them to desire deliverance from so great evils; then he brings in what he hath to say touching Christ; and not simply, but with a declaration of His great superiority. Then in setting forth the difference between himself and Him, lest he should seem to say this out of favor, he establishes the fact by comparison of the gifts bestowed by each of them. For he did not at once say, “I am not worthy to unloose the latchet of His shoe;” but when he had first set forth the little value of his own baptism, and had shown that it hath nothing more than to lead them to repentance (for he did not say with water of remission, but of repentance), he sets forth Christ’s also, which is full of the unspeakable gift. Thus he seems to say, “Lest, on being told that He cometh after me, thou shouldest despise Him as having come later; learn thou the virtue471 [δναμιν.]of His gift, and thou wilt clearly know that I uttered nothing worthy nor great, when I said, “I am not worthy to unloose the latchet of His shoe.” So too when thou art told, “He is mightier than I,” do not think I said this in the way of making a comparison. For I am not worthy to be ranked so much as among His servants, no, not even the lowest of His servants, nor to receive the least honored portion of His ministry.” Therefore He did not merely say, “His shoes,” but not even “the latchet,” which kind of office was counted the last of all. Then to hinder thy attributing what he had said to humility, he adds also the proof from the facts: “For He shall baptize you,” saith he, “with the Holy Ghost and with fire.”

6. Seest thou how great is the wisdom of the Baptist? how, when He Himself is preaching, He saith everything to alarm, and fill them with anxiety; but when He is sending men to Him, whatever was mild and apt to recover them: not bringing forward the axe, nor the tree that is cut down and burnt, and cast into the fire, nor the wrath to come, but remission of sins, and removing of punishment, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption, and adoption, and brotherhood, and a partaking of the inheritance, and an abundant supply of the Holy Ghost. For all these things he obscurely denoted, when he said, “He shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost;” at once, by the very figure of speech, declaring the abundance of the grace (for he said not, “He will give you the Holy Ghost,” but “He will baptize you with the Holy Ghost”); and by the specification of fire on the other hand indicating the vehement and uncontrollable quality of His grace.

Imagine only what sort of men it was meet for the hearers to become, when they considered that they were at once to be like the prophets, and like those great ones. For it was on this account, you see, that he made mention at all of fire; that he might lead them to reflect on the memory of those men. Because, of all the visions that appeared unto them, I had almost said, the more part appeared in fire; thus God discoursed with Moses in the bush, thus with all the people in the mount Sinai, thus with Ezekiel on the cherubim.472 Ezek. i. 27.

And mark again how he rouses the hearer, by putting that first which was to take place after all. For the Lamb was to be slain, and sin to be blotted out, and the enmity to be destroyed, and the burial to take place, and the resurrection, and then the Spirit to come. But none of these things doth he mention as yet, but that first which was last, and for the sake of which all the former were done, and which was fittest to proclaim His dignity; so that when the hearer should be told that he was to receive so great a Spirit he might search with himself, how and in what manner this shall be, while sin so prevails; that finding him full of thought and prepared for that lesson, he might thereupon introduce what he had to say touching the Passion, no man being any more offended, under the expectation of such a gift.

Wherefore he again cried out, saying, “Behold the Lamb of God, which beareth the sin of the world.”473 John i. 29; Engl. Vers. in marg. [So R.V. marg. The Greek phrase is ὁαρων, “he that taketh up.”—R.] He did not say, “which remitteth,” but, that which implies a more guardian care, “which heareth it.” For it is not all one, simply to remit, and to take it upon Himself.474 [ατν ναλαβεν is the better supported reading, but various conjectural emendations occur. “Himself to assume it,” is the most literal rendering.—R.] For the one was to be done without peril, the other with death.

And again, he said, “He is Son of God.”475 John i. 34. But not even this declared His rank openly to the hearers (for they did not so much as know yet how to conceive of Him as a true Son): but by so great a gift of the Spirit that also was established. Therefore the Father also in sending John gave him, as you know, this as a first token of the dignity of Him that was come, saying, “Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending and remaining, the same is He which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost.”476 John i. 33, 34. [ R.V. more correctly, “I have seen, and have borne witness,” etc. The Greek perfects are to be taken in their grammatical sense, as the comment of Chrysostom implies.—R.] Wherefore himself too saith, “I saw and bare record that this is the Son of God;” as though the one were to all time the clear evidence of the other.

7. Then, as having uttered the gentler part of his message, and soothed and relaxed the hearer, he again binds him up, that he may not become remiss. For such was the nature of the Jewish nation; by all encouraging things they were easily puffed up, and corrupted. Wherefore he again adduces his terrors, saying, “Whose fan is in His hand.”477 Matt. iii. 12.

Thus, as before he had spoken of the punishment, so here he points out the Judge likewise, and introduces the eternal vengeance. For “He will burn the chaff,” saith he, “with unquenchable fire.” Thou seest that He is Lord of all things, and that He is Himself the Husbandman; albeit in another place He calls His Father the same. For “My Father,” saith He, “is the Husbandman.”478 John xv. 1. Thus, inasmuch as He had spoken of an axe, lest thou shouldest suppose that the thing needed labor, and the separation was hard to make; by another comparison he suggests the easiness of it, implying that all the world is His; since He could not punish those who were not His own. For the present, it is true, all are mingled together (for though the wheat appears gleaming through, yet it lies with the chaff, as on a threshing floor, not as in a garner), but then, great will be the separation.

Where now are they by whom hell-fire479 [γενν.]is disbelieved? Since surely here are two points laid down, one, that He will baptize with the Holy Ghost, the other, that He will burn up the disobedient. If then that is credible, so is this too, assuredly. Yea, this is why the two predictions are put by him in immediate connection, that by that which hath taken place already, he might accredit the other, as yet unaccomplished. For Christ too Himself in many places doth so, often of the same things, and often of opposites, setting down two prophecies; the one of which He performs here, the other He promises in the future; that such as are too contentious may, from the one which has already come to pass, believe the other also, which is not yet accomplished. For instance, to them that strip themselves of all that they have for His sake480 Mark x. 30; Luke xviii. 30. He promised to give an hundred fold in the present world, and life eternal in that which is to come; by the things already given making the future also credible. Which, as we see, John likewise hath done in this place; laying down two things, that He shall both baptize with the Holy Ghost, and burn up with unquenchable fire. Now then, if He had not baptized with the Spirit the apostles, and all every day who are willing, thou mightest have doubts concerning those other things too; but if that which seems to be greater and more difficult, and which transcends all reason, hath been done, and is done every day; how deniest thou that to be true, which is easy, and comes to pass according to reason? Thus having said, “He shall baptize with the Holy Ghost and with fire,” and having thence promised great blessings; lest thou, released wholly from the former things, grow supine, he hath added the fan, and the judgment thereby declared. Thus, “think not at all,” saith he, “that your baptism suffices, if ye become ordinary persons481 [φαλοι, “worthless.”—R.]hereafter:” for we need both virtue, and plenty of that known self-restraint.482 φιλοσοφα. Therefore as by the axe he urges them unto grace, and unto the font, so after grace he terrifies them by the fan, and the unquenchable fire. And of the one sort, those yet unbaptized, he makes no distinction, but saith in general, “Every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down,”483 Matt. iii. 10.punishing all the unbelievers. Whereas after baptism He works out a kind of division, because many of them that believed would exhibit a life unworthy of their faith.

Let no man then become chaff, let no one be tossed to and fro, nor lie exposed to wicked desires, blown about by them easily every way. For if thou continue wheat, though temptation be brought on thee, thou wilt suffer nothing dreadful; nay, for in the threshing floor, the wheels of the car, that are like saws,484 πριστηροειδ, see Is. xl. 15.do not cut in pieces the wheat; but if thou fall away into the weakness of chaff, thou wilt both here suffer incurable ills, being smitten of all men, and there thou wilt undergo the eternal punishment. For all such persons both before that furnace become food for the irrational passions here, as chaff is for the brute animal: and there again they are material and food for the flame.

Now to have said directly that He will judge men’s doings, would not so effectually procure acceptance for His doctrine: but to blend with it the parable, and so establish it all, was apter to persuade the hearer, and attract him by a more ample encouragement. Wherefore also Christ Himself485 [The better supported text seems to be ατς, without ὁ χριστς; the latter is an explanatory gloss.—R.]for the most part so discourses with them; threshing floor, and harvest, and vineyard, and wine-press, and field, and net, and fishing, and all things familiar, and among which they were busied He makes ingredients in His discourses. This kind of thing then the Baptist likewise did here, and offered an exceeding great demonstration of his words, the giving of the Spirit. For “He who hath so great power, as both to forgive sins, and to give the Spirit, much more will these things also be within His power:” so he speaks.

Seest thou how now in due order the mystery486 “The Mystery:” i.e., Christ’s Baptism by Fire, His dwelling in our hearts by His Spirit. Comp. Col. i. 26, 27; Eph. i. 9, 10; iii. 9.came to be laid as a foundation, before the resurrection and judgment?487 Heb. vi. 1, 2.

“And wherefore,” it may be said, “did he not mention the signs and wonders which were straightway to be done by Him?” Because this was greater than all, and for its sake all those were done. Thus, in his mention of the chief thing, he comprehended all; death dissolved, sins abolished, the curse blotted out, those long wars done away; our entrance into paradise,488 [“The loosing of death, the abolition of sins,” etc., “the entrance into Paradise,” etc. The construction is the same throughout the list.—R.]our ascent into heaven, our citizenship with the angels, our partaking of the good things to come: for in truth this is the earnest of them all. So that in mentioning this, he hath mentioned also the resurrection of our bodies, and the manifestation of His miracles here, and our partaking of His kingdom, and the good things, which “eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man.”489 1 Cor. ii. 9. For all these things He bestowed on us by that gift. It was therefore superfluous to speak of the signs that were immediately to ensue, and which sight can judge of; but those were meet to be discoursed on, whereof they doubted; as for instance, that He is the Son of God; that He exceeds John beyond comparison; that He “beareth490 [See note 3 on sec. 6, p. 71.—R.]the sin of the world;” that He will require an account of all that we do; that our interests are not limited to the present, but elsewhere every one will undergo the due penalty. For these things were not as yet proveable by sight.

8. Therefore, knowing these things, let us use great diligence, while we are in the threshing floor; for it is possible while we are here, to change even out of chaff into wheat, even as on the other hand many from wheat have become chaff. Let us not then be supine, nor be carried about with every wind; neither let us separate ourselves from our brethren, though they seem to be small and mean; forasmuch as the wheat also compared with the chaff is less in measure, but better in nature. Look not therefore to the forms of outward pomp, for they are prepared for the fire, but to this godly humility, so firm and indissoluble, and which cannot be cut, neither is burnt by the fire. It being for their sake that He bears long with the very chaff, that by their intercourse with them they may become better. Therefore judgment is not yet, that we may be all crowned together, that from wickedness many may be converted unto virtue.

Let us tremble then at hearing this parable. For indeed that fire is unquenchable. “And how,” it may be said, “is it unquenchable?” Seest thou not this sun ever burning, and never quenched? didst thou not behold the bush burning, and not consumed? If then thou also desirest to escape the flame, lay up alms beforehand, and so thou wilt not even taste of that fire. For if, while here, thou wilt believe what is told thee, thou shalt not so much as see this furnace, after thy departure into that region; but if thou disbelieve it now, thou shalt know it there full well by experience, when no sort of escape is possible. Since in truth no entreaty shall avert the punishment from them who have not shown forth an upright life. For believing surely is not enough, since even the devils tremble at God, but for all that they will be punished.

9. Wherefore our care of our conduct hath need to be great. Why, this is the very reason of our continually assembling you here; not simply that ye should enter in, but that ye should also reap some fruit from your continuance here. But if ye come indeed constantly, but go away again reaping no fruit from thence, ye will have no advantage from your entering in and attendance in this place.

For if we, when sending children to teachers, should we see them reaping no benefit thereby, begin to be severe in blaming the teachers, and remove them often to others; what excuse shall we have for not bestowing upon virtue even so much diligence as upon these earthly things, but forever bringing our tablets home empty? And yet our teachers here are more in number and greater. For no less than prophets and apostles and patriarchs, and all righteous men, are by us set over you as teachers in every Church. And not even so is there any profit, but if you have joined in chanting two or three Psalms, and making the accustomed prayers at random and anyhow, are so dismissed, ye think this enough for your salvation. Have ye not heard the prophet, saying (or rather God by the prophet), “This people honoreth me with their lips, but their heart is far from me?”491 Is. xxix. 13; comp. Mark vii. 6.

Therefore, lest this be our case too, wipe thou out the letters, or rather the impressions, which the devil hath engraven in thy soul; and bring me a heart set free from worldly tumults, that without fear I may write on it what I will. Since now at least there is nothing else to discern, except his letters;—rapines, covetings, envy, jealousy. Wherefore of course, when I receive your tablets, I am not able so much as to read them. For I find not the letters, which we every Lord’s day inscribe on you, and so let you go; but others, instead of these, unintelligible and misshapen. Then, when we have blotted them out, and have written those which are of the Spirit, ye departing, and giving up your hearts to the works of the devil, give him again power to substitute his own characters in you. What then will be the end of all this, even without any words of mine, each man’s own conscience knoweth. For I indeed will not cease to do my part, and to write in you the right letters. But if ye mar our diligence, for our part our reward is unaltered, but your danger is not small.

Now, though I would fain say nothing to disgust you, yet I beseech again and entreat you,492 [The first clause stands independently in the Greek text, forming the conclusion of the preceding paragraph. The new exhortation begins, “But I beseech again,” etc.—R.]imitate at least the little children’s diligence in these matters. For so they first learn the form of the letters, after that they practise themselves in distinguishing them put out of shape, and then at last in their reading they proceed orderly by means of them. Just so let us also do; let us divide virtue, and learn first not to swear, nor to forswear ourselves, nor to speak evil; then proceeding to another row,493 στχον.not to envy, not to lust, not to be gluttonous, not to be drunken, not fierce, not slothful, so that from these we may pass on again to the things of the Spirit, and practise continence, and neglect of the belly, temperance, righteousness, to be above glory, and gentle and contrite in mind; and let us join these one with another, and write them upon our soul.

10. And all these let us practise at home, with our own friends, with our wife, with our children. And, for the present, let us begin with the things that come first, and are easier; as for instance, with not swearing; and let us practise this one letter continually at home. For, in truth, there are many at home to hinder this our practice; sometimes a man’s servant provoking him, sometimes his wife annoying and angering him, sometimes an indocile and disorderly child urges him on to threatening and swearing. If now at home, when thus continually galled, thou shouldest attain not to be tempted into swearing, thou wilt in the market-place also have power with ease to abide unconquered.

Yea, and in like sort, thou wilt attain to keep thyself from insulting any, by not insulting thy wife, nor thy servants, nor any one else among those in thy house. For a man’s wife too not seldom, praising this or that person, or bemoaning herself, stirs him up to speak evil of that other. But do not thou let thyself be constrained to speak evil of him that is praised, but bear it all nobly. And if thou shouldest perceive thy servants praising other masters, be not perturbed, but stand nobly. Let thy home be a sort of lists, a place of exercise for virtue, that having trained thyself well there, thou mayest with entire skill encounter all abroad.

Do this with respect to vainglory also. For if thou train thyself not to be vainglorious in company of thy wife and thy servants, thou wilt not ever afterwards be easily caught by this passion with regard to any one else. For though this malady be in every case grievous and tyrannical, yet is it so especially when a woman is present. If we therefore in that instance put down its power, we shall easily master it in the other cases also.

And with respect to the other passions too, let us do this self-same thing, exercising ourselves against them at home, and anointing ourselves every day.

And that our exercise may be easier, let us further enact a penalty for ourselves, upon our transgressing any of our purposes. And let the very penalty again be such as brings with it not loss, but reward,—such as procures some very great gain. And this is so, if we sentence ourselves to intenser fastings, and to sleeping often on the bare ground, and to other like austerity. For in this way will much profit come unto us from every quarter; we shall both live the sweet life of virtue here, and we shall attain unto the good things to come and be perpetually friends of God.

But in order that the same may not happen again,—that ye may not, having here admired what is said, go your way, and cast aside at random, wherever it may chance, the tablet of your mind, and so allow the devil to blot out these things;—let each one, on returning home, call his own wife, and tell her these things, and take her to help him; and from this day let him enter into that noble school of exercise, using for oil the supply of the Spirit. And though thou fall once, twice, many times in thy training, despair not, but stand again, and wrestle; and do not give up until thou hast bound on thee the glorious crown of triumph over the devil, and hast for the time to come stored up the riches of virtue in an inviolable treasure-house.

For if thou shouldest establish thyself in the habits of this noble self-restraint, then, not even when remiss, wilt thou be able to transgress any of the commandments, habit imitating the solidity of nature. Yea, as to sleep is easy, and to eat, and to drink, and to breathe, so also will the deeds of virtue be easy to us, and we shall reap to ourselves that pure pleasure, resting in a harbor without a wave, and enjoying continual calm, and with a great freight bringing our vessel into haven, in that City, on that day; and we shall attain unto the undecaying crowns, unto which may we all attain, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be all glory and might, now and always, and world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΙΑʹ. Ἰδὼν δὲ πολλοὺς τῶν Σαδδουκαίων καὶ Φαρι σαίων ἐρχομένους ἐπὶ τὸ βάπτισμα αὐτοῦ, εἶπεν αὐτοῖς: Γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν, τίς ὑπέδειξεν ὑμῖν φυγεῖν ἀπὸ τῆς μελλούσης ὀργῆς; αʹ. Πῶς οὖν φησιν ὁ Χριστὸς, ὅτι οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν Ἰωάννῃ; Ὅτι οὐκ ἦν τοῦτο πιστεῦσαι, τὸ τὸν κηρυττόμενον ὑπ' αὐτοῦ μὴ δέξασθαι Ἐπεὶ καὶ τοῖς Προφήταις ἔδοξαν προσέχειν καὶ τῷ Νομοθέτῃ: ἀλλ' ὅμως ἔφησεν αὐτοὺς μὴ προσεσχηκέναι, ἐπειδὴ τὸν παρ' ἐκείνων προφητευόμενον οὐκ ἐδέξαντο. Εἰ γὰρ ἐπιστεύσατε, φησὶ, Μωϋσῇ, ἐπιστεύσατε ἂν ἐμοί: Καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα δὲ ἐρωτώμενοι παρὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, Τὸ βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου πόθεν ἐστίν; ἔλεγον, ὅτι Ἐὰν εἴπωμεν, ἀπὸ γῆς, φοβούμεθα τὸν ὄχλον: ἐὰν εἴπωμεν, ἀπὸ οὐρανοῦ, ἐρεῖ ἡμῖν, Πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ; Ὥστε ἐξ ἁπάντων τούτων δῆλον, ὅτι παρεγένοντο μὲν καὶ ἐβαπτίσθησαν: οὐ μὴν ἔμειναν ἐπὶ τῆς πίστεως τοῦ κηρύγματος. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ Ἰωάννης δείκνυσιν αὐτῶν τὴν πονηρίαν, ἐξ ὧν πρὸς τὸν Βαπτιστὴν ἔπεμπον λέγοντες: Εἰ σὺ εἰ Ἠλίας; εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστός; διὸ καὶ ἐπήγαγεν: Οἱ δὲ ἀπεσταλμένοι ἦσαν ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων. Τί οὖν; οὐχὶ καὶ οἱ ὄχλοι τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο ἐνόμιζον; φησίν. Ἀλλ' οἱ μὲν ὄχλοι ἀπὸ γνώμης ἀπλάστου τοῦτο ὑπώπτευον: οἱ δὲ Φαρισαῖοι, ἐπιλαβέσθαι βουλόμενοι. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ὡμολόγητο ἀπὸ τῆς κώμης τοῦ Δαυῒδ ἔρχεσθαι τὸν Χριστὸν, οὗτος δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς Λευϊτικῆς φυλῆς ἦν, ἔνεδρα ἐτίθεσαν ἐκ τῆς ἐρωτήσεως, ἵνα εἴ τι τοιοῦτον εἴποι, ταχέως ἐπιθῶνται. Τοῦτο γοῦν καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἑξῆς ἐδήλωσε: μηδὲν γὰρ ὧν προσεδόκησαν ὁμολογήσαντος, καὶ οὕτως ἐπιλαμβάνονται λέγοντες: Τί οὖν βαπτίζεις, εἰ σὺ οὐκ εἶ ὁ Χριστός; Καὶ ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι ἑτέρᾳ μὲν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι, ἑτέρᾳ δὲ ὁ δῆμος παρεγένοντο γνώμῃ, ἄκουσον πῶς ὁ Εὐαγγελιστὴς καὶ τοῦτο ἐδήλωσε: περὶ μὲν τοῦ δήμου λέγων, ὅτι Παρεγίνοντο καὶ ἐβαπτίζοντο ὑπ' αὐτοῦ, ἐξομολογούμενοι τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν: περὶ δὲ τῶν Φαρισαίων οὐκέτι ὁμοίως, ἀλλ' ὅτι Ἰδὼν πολλοὺς τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων ἐρχομένους, ἔλεγε: Γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν, τίς ὑπέδειξεν ὑμῖν φυγεῖν ἀπὸ τῆς μελλούσης ὀργῆς; Βαβαὶ τῆς μεγαλονοίας! Πῶς διαλέγεται πρὸς ἀνθρώπους αἱμάτων ἀεὶ διψῶντας προφητικῶν, καὶ ὄφεων οὐδὲν ἄμεινον διακειμένους: πῶς καὶ αὐτοὺς, καὶ τοὺς γεγεννηκότας μετὰ πολλῆς διαβάλλει τῆς παῤῥησίας. Ναὶ, φησίν: ἀλλ' ἡ μὲν παῤῥησία πολλή: τὸ δὲ ζητούμενον, εἰ λόγον ἔχει τινὰ ἡ παῤῥησία αὕτη. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἁμαρτάνοντας εἶδεν, ἀλλὰ μεταβαλλομένους: διόπερ οὐδὲ ἐγκαλέσαι ἐχρῆν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπαινέσαι καὶ ἀποδέξασθαι, ὅτι πόλιν ἀφέντες καὶ οἰκίας ἔδραμον ἀκουσόμενοι τοῦ κηρύγματος. Τί οὖν ἂν εἴποιμεν; Ὅτι οὐ τοῖς παροῦσιν, οὐδὲ τοῖς γινομένοις προσεῖχεν, ἀλλὰ τὰ ἀπόῤῥητα τῆς διανοίας αὐτῶν ἠπίστατο, τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦτο ἐκκαλύψαντος. Ἐπεὶ οὖν μέγα ἐφρόνουν ἐπὶ τοῖς προγόνοις, καὶ τοῦτο αἴτιον αὐτοῖς τῆς ἀπωλείας ἐγίνετο, καὶ εἰς ῥᾳθυμίαν ἐνέβαλλε, τὴν ῥίζαν τῆς ἀπονοίας περικόπτει. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Ἡσαΐας ἄρχοντας Σοδόμων καλεῖ, καὶ λαὸν Γομόῤῥας: καὶ ἕτερος προφήτης φησίν: Οὐχ ὡς υἱοὶ Αἰθιόπων ὑμεῖς ἐστε; καὶ πάντες αὐτοὺς ταύτης ἀπάγουσι τῆς ὑπολήψεως, τὸ φύσημα αὐτῶν κενοῦντες, τὸ μυρίων αὐτοῖς αἴτιον γενόμενον κακῶν. Ἀλλ' οἱ μὲν Προφῆται, φησὶν, εἰκότως: ἁμαρτάνοντας γὰρ ἑώρων: ἐνταῦθα δὲ τίνος ἕνεκεν καὶ διὰ τί πειθομένους ὁρῶν αὐτῷ, τοῦτο ποιεῖ; Ἵνα ἁπαλωτέρους ἐργάσηται. Εἰ δέ τις μετὰ ἀκριβείας προσέχοι τοῖς λεγομένοις, καὶ ἐγκωμίῳ τὴν ἐπιτίμησιν ἐκέρασε. Θαυμάζων γὰρ αὐτοὺς, ὅτι ὀψὲ γοῦν ποτε τὰ ἀδύνατα αὐτοῖς σχεδὸν εἶναι δοκοῦντα ἠδυνήθησαν, ταῦτα ἔλεγεν. Ἐφελκομένου τοίνυν αὐτοὺς μᾶλλόν ἐστιν ἡ ἐπιτίμησις, καὶ παρασκευάζοντος ἀνανῆψαι. Ὅταν γὰρ φαίνηται ἐκπληττόμενος, καὶ τὴν ἔμπροσθεν δείκνυσιν αὐτῶν πονηρίαν πολλὴν οὖσαν, καὶ τὴν μεταβολὴν θαυμαστὴν καὶ παράδοξον. Τί γὰρ γέγονε, φησὶν, ὅτι παῖδες ὄντες ἐκείνων, καὶ οὕτω τραφέντες κακῶς, μετενόησαν; πόθεν ἡ τοσαύτη γέγονε μεταβολή; τίς τὸ τραχὺ τῆς γνώμης αὐτῶν κατεμάλαξε; τίς διώρθωσε τὸ ἀνίατον; Καὶ ὅρα πῶς αὐτοὺς εὐθέως ἀπὸ τῶν προοιμίων ἐξέπληξε, τοὺς περὶ τῆς γεέννης προκαταβαλλόμενος λόγους. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπε τὰ εἰωθότα: Τίς ὑπέδειξεν ὑμῖν φυγεῖν τοὺς πολέμους, τὰς τῶν βαρβάρων ἐφόδους, τὰς αἰχμαλωσίας, τοὺς λιμοὺς, τοὺς λοιμούς; ἀλλ' ἄλλην τινὰ κόλασιν προανεκρούετο μηδέποτε αὐτοῖς φανερὰν γεγενημένην, οὕτω λέγων: Τίς ὑπέδειξεν ὑμῖν φυγεῖν ἀπὸ τῆς μελλούσης ὀργῆς; βʹ. Καλῶς δὲ αὐτοὺς καὶ γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν ἐκάλεσε Καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνο τὸ θηρίον διαφθεῖρον τὴν ὠδίνουσαν, καὶ διατρῶγον τὴν γαστέρα αὐτῆς, οὕτω λέγεται προϊέναι εἰς φῶς: ὅπερ καὶ οὗτοι ἐποίουν, πατραλοῖαι καὶ μητραλοῖαι γινόμενοι, καὶ τοὺς διδασκάλους ταῖς ἑαυτῶν διαφθείροντες χερσίν. Ἀλλ' οὐχ ἵσταται μέχρι τῆς ἐπιτιμήσεως, ἀλλὰ καὶ συμβουλὴν εἰσάγει: Ποιήσατε γὰρ, φησὶ, καρποὺς ἀξίους τῆς μετανοίας. Οὐ γὰρ ἀρκεῖ τὸ φυγεῖν τὴν πονηρίαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀρετὴν δεῖ πολλὴν ἐπιδείξασθαι. Μὴ γάρ μοι τὰ ἐναντία καὶ συνήθη, ὅτε πρὸς ὀλίγον συστελλόμενοι χρόνον, πρὸς τὴν αὐτὴν ἐπανῇτε πάλιν πονηρίαν. Οὐ γὰρ ἐπὶ τοῖς αὐτοῖς παραγεγόναμεν, ὡς καὶ οἱ ἔμπροσθεν Προφῆται. Ἐξηλλαγμένα γὰρ τὰ παρόντα. καὶ ὑψηλότερα, ἐπεὶ καὶ αὐτὸς παραγίνεται λοιπὸν ὁ Κριτὴς, αὐτὸς ὁ τῆς βασιλείας Δεσπότης, πρὸς μείζονα ἄγων φιλοσοφίαν, εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν καλῶν, καὶ πρὸς τὰς ἐκεῖ διατριβὰς ἀνέλκων. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὸν περὶ τῆς γεέννης ἀνακαλύπτω λόγον: καὶ γὰρ καὶ τὰ ἀγαθὰ καὶ τὰ λυπηρὰ, ἀθάνατα. Μὴ τοίνυν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἐμμένετε, μηδὲ τὰς εἰωθυίας προβάλλεσθε προφάσεις, τὸν Ἀβραὰμ, τὸν Ἰσαὰκ, τὸν Ἰακὼβ, τῶν προγόνων τὴν εὐγένειαν. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγεν, οὐ κωλύων αὐτοὺς λέγειν ἐξ ἐκείνων εἶναι τῶν ἁγίων, ἀλλὰ κωλύων μὴ τούτῳ θαῤῥεῖν, τῆς κατὰ ψυχὴν ἀρετῆς ἀμελοῦντας, καὶ τὰ κατὰ διάνοιαν εἰς μέσον ἐκφέρων, καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα προφητεύων. Καὶ γὰρ μετὰ ταῦτα φαίνονται λέγοντες: Ἡμεῖς πατέρα ἔχομεν τὸν Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ οὐδενὶ δεδουλεύκαμεν πώποτε. Ἐπεὶ οὖν τοῦτο ἦν, ὃ μάλιστα αὐτοὺς εἰς ἀπόνοιαν ἦρε καὶ ἀπώλεσε, πρῶτον αὐτὸ καταστέλλει. Ὅρα δὲ πῶς μετὰ τῆς εἰς τὸν πατριάρχην τιμῆς τὴν ὑπὲρ τούτων ποιεῖται διόρθωσιν. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, Μὴ δόξητε λέγειν, ὅτι πατέρα ἔχομεν τὸν Ἀβραὰμ, οὐκ εἶπεν, Οὐδὲν γὰρ ὑμᾶς ὁ πατριάρχης ὠφελῆσαι δυνήσεται: ἀλλ' ἡμερώτερόν πως καὶ προσηνέστερον αὐτὸ τοῦτο ᾐνίξατο εἰπών: Δύναται γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς ἐκ τῶν λίθων τούτων ἐγεῖραι τέκνα τῷ Ἀβραάμ. Τινὲς μὲν οὖν φασιν, ὅτι περὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν ταῦτα λέγει, λίθους αὐτοὺς μεταφορικῶς καλῶν: ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ ἑτέραν ἔννοιαν τὸ εἰρημένον φημὶ ἔχειν. Ποίαν δὴ ταύτην; Μὴ νομίζετε, φησὶν, ὅτι ἐὰν ὑμεῖς ἀπόλησθε, ἄπαιδα ποιήσετε τὸν πατριάρχην. Οὐκ ἔστι τοῦτο, οὐκ ἔστι. Τῷ γὰρ Θεῷ δυνατὸν καὶ ἀπὸ λίθων ἀνθρώπους αὐτῷ δοῦναι, καὶ εἰς τὴν συγγένειαν ἐκείνην ἀγαγεῖν, ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐξ ἀρχῆς οὕτως ἐγένετο. Τῷ γὰρ ἐκ λίθων ἀνθρώπους γενέσθαι ὅμοιον ἦν τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς μήτρας ἐκείνης τῆς σκληρᾶς προελθεῖν παιδίον. Ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ Προφήτης αἰνιττόμενος ἔλεγεν: Ἐμβλέψατε εἰς τὴν στερεὰν πέτραν, ἐξ ἧς ἐλατομήθητε, καὶ εἰς τὸν βόθυνον τοῦ λάκκου, ἐξ οὗ ὠρύχθητε: ἐμβλέψατε εἰς Ἀβραὰμ τὸν πατέρα ὑμῶν, καὶ εἰς Σάῤῥαν τὴν ὠδίνουσαν ὑμᾶς. Ταύτης τοίνυν τῆς προφητείας αὐτοὺς ἀναμιμνήσκει, δεικνὺς ὅτι εἰ ἐξ ἀρχῆς οὕτω θαυμαστὸν αὐτὸν ἐποίησε πατέρα, ὡσανεὶ καὶ ἐκ λίθων αὐτὸν ἐποίησε, δυνατὸν καὶ νῦν τοῦτο γενέσθαι. Καὶ ὅρα πῶς καὶ φοβεῖ καὶ ἐκκόπτει. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι ἤγειρεν ἤδη, ἵνα μὴ ἀπογνῶσιν ἑαυτῶν: ἀλλ' ὅτι Δύναται ἐγεῖραι. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν, ὅτι δύναται ἀνθρώπους ποιῆσαι ἀπὸ λίθων, ἀλλ' ὃ πολλῷ μεῖζον ἦν, καὶ συγγενεῖς καὶ παῖδας τοῦ Ἀβραάμ. Εἶδες πῶς τέως ἀπέστησεν αὐτοὺς τῆς περὶ τὰ σωματικὰ φαντασίας, καὶ τῆς εἰς τοὺς προγόνους καταφυγῆς, ἵνα ἐν τῇ οἰκείᾳ μετανοίᾳ καὶ σωφροσύνῃ τὴν ἐλπίδα τῆς σωτηρίας ἔχωσιν; εἶδες πῶς τὴν τῆς σαρκὸς ἐκβαλὼν συγγένειαν, τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς πίστεως εἰσάγει; γʹ. Σκόπει τοίνυν πῶς καὶ διὰ τῶν ἑξῆς αὔξει τούτων τὸν φόβον, καὶ ἐπιτείνει τὴν ἀγωνίαν. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, ὅτι Δύναται ὁ Θεὸς ἐκ τῶν λίθων τούτων ἐγεῖραι τέκνα τῷ Ἀβραὰμ, ἐπήγαγε: Ἤδη δὲ καὶ ἡ ἀξίνη πρὸς τὴν ῥίζαν τῶν δένδρων κεῖται: διὰ πάντων τὸν λόγον φοβερὸν ποιῶν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸς πολλὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ βίου τὴν παῤῥησίαν εἶχε, κἀκεῖνοι σφοδρᾶς ἐδέοντο τῆς ἐπιπλήξεως, πολὺν ἤδη χερσωθέντες χρόνον. Τί γὰρ λέγω, φησὶν, ὅτι ἐκπίπτειν μέλλετε τῆς πρὸς τὸν πατριάρχην συγγενείας, καὶ ἑτέρους ὁρᾷν τοὺς ἀπὸ λίθων εἰς τὴν ὑμετέραν εἰσαγομένους προεδρίαν; Οὐδὲ γὰρ μέχρι τούτου τὰ τῆς τιμωρίας ὑμῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ περαιτέρω προβήσεται τὰ τῆς κολάσεως. Ἤδη γὰρ, φησὶν, ἡ ἀξίνη πρὸς τὴν ῥίζαν τῶν δένδρων κεῖται. Οὐδὲν φοβερώτερον ταύτης τοῦ λόγου τῆς τροπῆς. Οὐκέτι γὰρ δρέπανον πετόμενον, οὐδὲ φραγμοῦ καθαίρεσις, οὐδὲ τὸ καταπατεῖσθαι τὸν ἀμπελῶνα: ἀλλ' ἀξίνη σφόδρα ἀκμάζουσα, καὶ τὸ δὴ χαλεπώτερον, ὅτι καὶ ἐπὶ θύραις αὕτη. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τοῖς προφήταις συνεχῶς ἀπιστοῦντες ἔλεγον: Ποῦ ἐστιν ἡ ἡμέρα Κυρίου; καὶ, Ἐλθέτω ἡ βουλὴ τοῦ ἁγίου Ἰσραὴλ, ἵνα γνῶμεν: διὰ τὸ μετὰ πολλὰ πολλάκις ἔτη ἐκβαίνειν τὰ λεγόμενα: καὶ ταύτης αὐτοὺς ἀπάγων τῆς παραμυθίας, ἐγγὺς αὐτῶν ἵστησι τὰ δεινά. Καὶ τοῦτο ἐδήλωσε τῷ εἰπεῖν, Ἤδη, καὶ τῷ τῇ ῥίζῃ αὐτὴν προσαγαγεῖν. Οὐδὲν γὰρ τὸ μέσον λοιπὸν, φησὶν, ἀλλ' αὐτῇ ἐπίκειται τῇ ῥίζῃ. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε, Τοῖς κλάδοις, οὐδὲ, Τοῖς καρποῖς, ἀλλὰ, Τῇ ῥίζῃ: δεικνὺς αὐτοὺς, εἰ ῥᾳθυμήσαιεν, ἀνίατα πεισομένους δεινὰ, καὶ οὐδὲ ἐλπίδα ἕξοντας θεραπείας. Οὐδὲ γὰρ δοῦλός ἐστιν ὁ παραγενόμενος, ὡς οἱ πρότερον: ἀλλ' αὐτὸς ὁ τῶν ὅλων Δεσπότης, σφοδρὰν ἐπάγων τὴν τιμωρίαν καὶ δυνατωτάτην. Ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ φοβήσας πάλιν, οὐκ ἀφίησιν αὐτοὺς εἰς ἀπόγνωσιν ἐμπεσεῖν: ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ἀνωτέρω οὐκ εἶπεν, ὅτι Ἤγειρεν, ἀλλ' ὅτι Δύναται ἐγεῖραι τέκνα τῷ Ἀβραὰμ, φοβῶν τε ὁμοῦ καὶ παραμυθούμενος: οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα οὐκ εἶπεν, ὅτι Ἥψατο τῆς ῥίζης, ἀλλ' ὅτι Ἐπίκειται καὶ ὁμιλεῖ τῇ ῥίζῃ: καὶ οὐδεμίαν ἀναβολὴν ἐνδείκνυται. Πλὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ οὕτως ἐγγὺς αὐτὴν ἀγαγὼν, ὑμᾶς κυρίους ποιεῖ τῆς τομῆς. Ἂν μὲν γὰρ μεταβάλησθε καὶ γένησθε βελτίους, ἀπελεύσεται μηδὲν ἐργασαμένη ἡ ἀξίνη αὕτη: ἂν δὲ τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἐπιμείνητε, πρόῤῥιζον ἀνασπάσει τὸ δένδρον. Διά τοι τοῦτο οὔτε ἀφέστηκε τῆς ῥίζης, οὔτε ἐπικειμένη τέμνει, τὸ μὲν ἵνα μὴ ἀναπέσητε, τὸ δὲ ἵνα μάθητε, ὅτι δυνατὸν καὶ ἐν βραχεῖ χρόνῳ μεταβαλ[λ]ομένους σωθῆναι. Διὸ καὶ πάντοθεν αὔξει τὸν φόβον, διεγείρων αὐτοὺς καὶ ὠθῶν πρὸς μετάνοιαν. Καὶ γὰρ τὸ τῶν προγόνων ἐκπεσεῖν, καὶ τὸ ἑτέρους ἀντεισαχθῆναι, καὶ τὸ ἐπὶ θύραις εἶναι τὰ δεινὰ, καὶ τὸ ἀνήκεστα πείσεσθαι, ἅπερ ἀμφότερα διὰ τῆς ῥίζης καὶ τῆς ἀξίνης ἐδήλωσεν, ἱκανὰ ἦν καὶ τοὺς σφόδρα ἀναπεπτωκότας διαναστῆσαι, καὶ ἐναγωνίους ἐργάσασθαι. Τοῦτο γοῦν καὶ ὁ Παῦλος δηλῶν ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Λόγον συντετμημένον ποιήσει Κύριος ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκουμένην ὅλην. Ἀλλὰ μὴ φοβηθῇς: μᾶλλον δὲ φοβήθητι μὲν, μὴ ἀπογνῷς δέ. Ἔτι γὰρ ἔχεις ἐλπίδα μεταβολῆς: οὐ γὰρ αὐτοτελὴς ἡ ἀπόφασις, οὐδὲ ἐπὶ τὸ τέμνειν ἡ ἀξίνη ἦλθεν: (ἐπεὶ τί ἐκώλυεν αὐτὴν τεμεῖν ὁμιλοῦσαν τῇ ῥίζῃ;) ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τό σε τῷ φόβῳ τούτῳ ποιῆσαι βελτίονα, καὶ παρασκευάσαι καρπὸν ἐνεγκεῖν. Διὰ τοῦτο ἐπήγαγε: Πᾶν οὖν δένδρον μὴ ποιοῦν καρπὸν καλὸν, ἐκκόπτεται, καὶ εἰς πῦρ βάλλεται. Ὅταν δὲ εἴπῃ, Πᾶν, ἐκβάλλει πάλιν τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς εὐγενείας προεδρίαν. Κἂν γὰρ αὐτοῦ τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ ἔκγονος ᾖς, φησὶν, κἂν μυρίους ἔχῃς ἀριθμεῖν πατριάρχας, διπλῆν ὑποστήσῃ τὴν κόλασιν, ἄκαρπος μένων. Ἀπὸ τούτων τῶν ῥημάτων καὶ τελώνας ἐφόβησε, καὶ στρατιωτικὴν διάνοιαν κατέσεισεν, οὔτε εἰς ἀπόγνωσιν ἐμβαλὼν, καὶ ῥᾳθυμίας ἀπαλλάττων ἁπάσης. Μετὰ γὰρ τοῦ φόβου καὶ πολλὴν παράκλησιν ἔχει τὸ εἰρημένον. Τῷ γὰρ εἰπεῖν, Μὴ ποιοῦν καρπὸν καλὸν, ἔδειξεν ὅτι τὸ ποιοῦν καρπὸν πάσης ἀπήλλακται τιμωρίας. δʹ. Καὶ πῶς δυνησόμεθα, φησὶ, ποιῆσαι καρπὸν, τῆς τομῆς ἐπικειμένης, καὶ τοῦ χρόνου οὕτως στενοῦ ὄντος, καὶ τῆς προθεσμίας συντετμημένης; Δυνήσῃ, φησίν: οὐ γὰρ τοιοῦτος οὗτος ὁ καρπὸς, οἷος ὁ τῶν δένδρων, χρόνον ἀναμένων πολὺν, καὶ ὡρῶν ἀνάγκαις δουλεύων, καὶ πολλῆς ἑτέρας δεόμενος πραγματείας: ἀλλ' ἀρκεῖ θελῆσαι, καὶ τὸ δένδρον εὐθέως ἐβλάστησεν. Οὐ γὰρ ἡ φύσις τῆς ῥίζης μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡ τέχνη τοῦ γεωργοῦ πρὸς τὴν τοιαύτην τὰ μέγιστα συντελεῖ καρποφορίαν. Διὰ γάρ τοι τοῦτο, ἵνα μὴ ταῦτα λέγωσιν, ὅτι Θορυβεῖς ἡμᾶς, καὶ κατεπείγεις, καὶ ἄγχεις, ἀξίνην τε ἐπιτιθεὶς, καὶ τομὴν ἀπειλῶν, καὶ προσόδους ἐν καιρῷ τιμωρίας αἰτῶν, ἐπήγαγε, δεικνὺς τὴν εὐκολίαν τῆς καρποφορίας: Ἐγὼ μὲν ὑμᾶς βαπτίζω ἐν ὕδατι: ὁ δὲ ὀπίσω μου ἐρχόμενος, ἰσχυρότερός μου ἐστίν, οὗ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἄξιος τὸν ἱμάντα τοῦ ὑποδήματος λῦσαι: αὐτὸς ὑμᾶς βαπτίσει ἐν Πνεύματι ἁγίῳ καὶ πυρί: διὰ τούτων δεικνὺς, ὅτι γνώμης μόνον δεῖται καὶ πίστεως, οὐ πόνων καὶ ἱδρώτων: καὶ ὥσπερ εὔκολον βαπτισθῆναι, οὕτως εὔκολον μεταβληθῆναι καὶ γενέσθαι ἀμείνους. Κατασείσας τοίνυν αὐτῶν τὴν διάνοιαν τῷ φόβῳ τῆς κρίσεως, καὶ τῇ προσδοκίᾳ τῆς κολάσεως, καὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τῆς ἀξίνης, καὶ τῇ ἀποβολῇ τῶν προγόνων, καὶ τῇ εἰσαγωγῇ τῶν ἑτέρων τέκνων, καὶ τῇ διπλῇ τιμωρίᾳ τῆς ἐκτομῆς καὶ τοῦ ἐμπρησμοῦ, καὶ πάντοθεν αὐτῶν καταμαλάξας τὸ σκληρὸν, καὶ καταστήσας εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν τῆς ἀπαλλαγῆς τῶν τοσούτων κακῶν, τότε εἰσάγει τὸν περὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ λόγον: καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλὰ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς ὑπεροχῆς. Εἶτα τὸ μέσον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐκείνου τιθεὶς, ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ χαριζόμενος τοῦτο λέγειν, ἀπὸ τῆς συγκρίσεως τῶν παρ' ἑκατέρου διδομένων τοῦτο κατασκευάζει. Οὐ γὰρ εὐθέως εἶπεν, Οὐκ εἰμὶ ἄξιος αὐτοῦ λῦσαι τὸν ἱμάντα τοῦ ὑποδήματος, ἀλλὰ πρότερον τὸ εὐτελὲς τοῦ βαπτίσματος τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ θεὶς, καὶ δείξας ὡς οὐδὲν πλέον ἔχει τοῦ πρὸς μετάνοιαν αὐτοὺς ἀγαγεῖν (οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι Ὕδατι ἀφέσεως, ἀλλὰ Μετανοίας), τίθησι καὶ τὸ αὐτοῦ τὸ τῆς ἀφάτου δωρεᾶς γέμον. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ ἀκούσας, φησὶν, ὅτι μετ' ἐμὲ ἔρχεται, καταφρονήσῃς αὐτοῦ ὡς ὑστέρου παραγενομένου, μάθε αὐτοῦ τῆς δωρεᾶς τὴν δύναμιν, καὶ εἴσῃ σαφῶς, ὅτι οὐδὲν ἄξιον εἴρηκα, οὐδὲ μέγα, εἰπὼν, Οὐκ εἰμὶ ἄξιος λῦσαι τὸν ἱμάντα τοῦ ὑποδήματος. Ὥστε ὅταν ἀκούσῃς, ὅτι Ἰσχυρότερός μου ἐστὶ, μὴ νομίσῃς κατὰ σύγκρισίν με τοῦτο εἰρηκέναι. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰς δούλους ἄξιός εἰμι τάττεσθαι ἐκείνου, οὐδὲ εἰς δούλους ἐσχάτους, οὐδὲ τὸ εὐτελὲς τῆς διακονίας ἀναδέξασθαι μέρος. Διὰ τοῦτο οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἶπε, Τὰ ὑποδήματα, ἀλλ' Οὐδὲ τὸν ἱμάντα: ὅπερ ἔσχατον πάντων ἐδόκει εἶναι. Εἶτα, ἵνα μὴ νομίσῃς ταπεινοφροσύνης εἶναι τὰ εἰρημένα, ἐπάγει καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν πραγμάτων ἀπόδειξιν: Ἐκεῖνος γὰρ ὑμᾶς, φησὶ, βαπτίσει ἐν Πνεύματι ἁγίῳ καὶ πυρί. Εἶδες πόση τοῦ Βαπτιστοῦ ἡ σοφία; Ὅταν γὰρ αὐτὸς κηρύττῃ, τὰ φοβερὰ πάντα λέγει, καὶ ἀγωνίαν ἐμβάλλοντα: ὅταν δὲ πρὸς ἐκεῖνον πέμπῃ, τὰ χρηστὰ καὶ ἀνακτήσασθαι ἱκανά. Οὐ γὰρ τὴν ἀξίνην, οὐδὲ τὸ δένδρον τὸ ἐκκοπτόμενον καὶ καιόμενον καὶ εἰς πῦρ βαλλόμενον, οὔτε τὴν μέλλουσαν ὀργὴν εἰς μέσον ἄγει, ἀλλ' ἁμαρτημάτων ἄφεσιν, καὶ τιμωρίας ἀναίρεσιν, καὶ δικαιοσύνην, καὶ ἁγιασμὸν, καὶ ἀπολύτρωσιν, καὶ υἱοθεσίαν, καὶ ἀδελφότητα, καὶ κληρονομίας κοινωνίαν, καὶ Πνεύματος ἁγίου δαψιλῆ χορηγίαν. Ταῦτα γὰρ πάντα ᾐνίξατο εἰπών: Βαπτίσει ὑμᾶς ἐν Πνεύματι ἁγίῳ: καὶ αὐτῇ τῇ μεταφορᾷ τῆς λέξεως τὸ δαψιλὲς τῆς χάριτος ἐμφαίνων: οὐ γὰρ εἶπε, Δώσει ὑμῖν Πνεῦμα ἅγιον, ἀλλὰ, Βαπτίσει ὑμᾶς ἐν Πνεύματι ἁγίῳ: καὶ τῇ ἐπεξηγήσει τοῦ πυρὸς πάλιν τὸ σφοδρὸν καὶ ἀκάθεκτον τῆς χάριτος ἐνδεικνύμενος. εʹ. Ἐννόησον γοῦν τίνας εἰκὸς ἦν γενέσθαι τοὺς ἀκούοντας, λογιζομένους ὅτι κατὰ τοὺς προφήτας ἀθρόον ἔσονται, καὶ κατὰ τοὺς μεγάλους ἐκείνους. Διὰ γάρ τοι τοῦτο καὶ πυρὸς ἐμνημόνευσεν, ἵνα εἰς ἔννοιαν αὐτοὺς τῆς μνήμης ἐκείνων ἀγάγῃ. Καὶ γὰρ ὅσαι σχεδὸν αὐτοῖς ὄψεις ἐφάνησαν, αἱ πλείους διὰ πυρὸς ἐφάνησαν: οὕτω τῷ Μωϋσῇ διελέχθη ἐν τῇ βάτῳ ὁ Θεός: οὕτω τῷ δήμῳ παντὶ ἐν τῷ ὄρει Σινᾶ: οὕτω τῷ Ἰεζεκιὴλ ἐπὶ τῶν Χερουβίμ. Σκόπει δὲ πῶς καὶ διεγείρει τὸν ἀκροατὴν, πρότερον μὲν θεὶς ὃ μετὰ πάντα ἔμελλε γίνεσθαι. Ἔδει γὰρ σφαγῆναι τὸν Ἀμνὸν, καὶ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἀφανισθῆναι, καὶ καταλυθῆναι τὴν ἔχθραν, καὶ τὴν ταφὴν γενέσθαι καὶ τὴν ἀνάστασιν, καὶ τότε τὸ Πνεῦμα παραγενέσθαι. Ἀλλὰ τούτων οὐδὲν λέγει τέως: ἀλλὰ πρῶτον τὸ τελευταῖον, καὶ δι' ὃ πάντα ἐκεῖνα ἐγίνετο, καὶ ὃ μάλιστα ἱκανὸν ἦν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀξίαν κηρῦξαι: ἵν' ὅταν ἀκούσῃ ὁ ἀκροατὴς, ὅτι Πνεῦμα λήψεται τοσοῦτον, ζητῇ πρὸς ἑαυτὸν, πῶς καὶ τίνι τρόπῳ τοῦτο ἔσται, τῆς ἁμαρτίας οὕτω κρατούσης: ἵνα λαβὼν αὐτὸν μεμεριμνημένον, καὶ ἐμπαράσκευον πρὸς τὴν ἀκρόασιν, οὕτω τὸν περὶ τοῦ πάθους εἰσαγάγῃ λόγον, μηδενὸς λοιπὸν σκανδαλιζομένου τῇ προσδοκίᾳ τῆς τοιαύτης δωρεᾶς. Διὸ πάλιν ἐβόα λέγων: Ἴδε ὁ Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὁ αἴρων τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τοῦ κόσμου. Οὐκ εἶπεν, Ὁ ἀφεὶς, ἀλλ' ὃ μείζονος ἦν κηδεμονίας, Ὁ αἴρων. Οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἶσον ἀφεῖναι ἁπλῶς, καὶ αὐτὸν ἀναλαβεῖν. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἐξ ἀκινδύνου ἐγίνετο, τὸ δὲ μετὰ θανάτου. Καὶ πάλιν ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τοῦτο τρανὴν τοῖς ἀκούουσι τὴν ἀξίαν ἐδήλου. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ᾔδεσαν οὐδέπω γνήσιον αὐτὸν ἐννοεῖν Υἱόν: ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς τοσαύτης τοῦ Πνεύματος δόσεως κἀκεῖνο συνίστατο. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ πέμπων τὸν Ἰωάννην, τοῦτο αὐτῷ δεῖγμα πρῶτον τῆς τοῦ παραγενομένου δέδωκεν ἀξίας, εἰπών: Ἐφ' ὂν ἂν ἴδῃς τὸ Πνεῦμα καταβαῖνον καὶ μένον, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ βαπτίζων ἐν Πνεύματι ἁγίῳ. Διὸ καὶ αὐτός φησιν: Ἐγὼ ἑώρακα καὶ μεμαρτύρηκα, ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ: ὡς ἀπὸ τούτου κἀκείνου λοιπὸν σαφῶς συνισταμένου. Εἶτα, ἐπειδὴ τὰ χρηστὰ εἶπε, καὶ ἀνῆκε τὸν ἀκροατὴν καὶ ἐχάλασε, πάλιν ἐπισφίγγει, ὥστε μὴ γενέσθαι ῥᾴθυμον. Τοιοῦτον γὰρ τὸ γένος τὸ Ἰουδαϊκόν: ὑπὸ τῶν χρηστῶν ἐχαυνοῦντο ῥᾳδίως, καὶ χείρους ἐγίνοντο. Διόπερ πάλιν ἐπάγει τὰ φοβερὰ, λέγων: Οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ. Ἀνωτέρω μὲν γὰρ τὴν κόλασιν εἶπεν: ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ τὸν κριτὴν δείκνυσι, καὶ τὴν τιμωρίαν ἀθάνατον εἰσάγει: Κατακαύσει γὰρ, φησὶ, τὸ ἄχυρον πυρὶ ἀσβέστῳ. Ὁρᾷς αὐτὸν τὸν τῶν πραγμάτων Κύριον, καὶ αὐτὸν ὄντα τὸν γεωργὸν, κἂν τὸν Πατέρα ἀλλαχοῦ ταὐτὸ λέγῃ: Ὁ Πατήρ μου γὰρ, φησὶν, ὁ γεωργός ἐστιν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἶπεν, Ἀξίνη, ἵνα μὴ νομίσῃς πόνου δεῖσθαι τὸ πρᾶγμα, καὶ δυσδιάκριτον εἶναι, ἐξ ἑτέρου παραδείγματος καὶ τὴν εὐκολίαν εἰσάγει, δεικνὺς πάντα αὐτοῦ τὸν κόσμον ὄντα: οὐ γὰρ ἂν τοὺς μὴ ἑαυτοῦ ἐκόλασε. Νῦν μὲν οὖν πάντα ἀναμέμικται: κἂν γὰρ φαίνηται διαλάμπων ὁ σῖτος, ἀλλ' ὅμως μετὰ τῶν ἀχύρων κεῖται, ὡς ἐν ἅλωνι, οὐχ ὡς ἐν ἀποθήκῃ: τότε δὲ πολλὴ ἔσται ἡ διάκρισις. Ποῦ νῦν εἰσιν οἱ τῇ γεέννῃ διαπιστοῦντες; Καὶ γὰρ δύο τέθεικε, καὶ ὅτι βαπτίσει Πνεύματι ἁγίῳ, καὶ ὅτι κατακαύσει τοὺς ἀπειθοῦντας. Εἰ τοίνυν ἐκεῖνο πιστὸν, καὶ τοῦτο πάντως. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο ἐφεξῆς τὰς δύο προῤῥήσεις τέθεικεν, ἵνα ἀπὸ τῆς ἤδη γενομένης καὶ τὴν μηδέπω συμβᾶσαν πιστώσηται. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς πολλαχοῦ τοῦτο ποιεῖ, πολλάκις μὲν ἐπὶ τῶν αὐτῶν πραγμάτων, πολλάκις δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν ἐναντίων, δύο τιθεὶς προφητείας, καὶ τὴν μὲν ἐνταῦθα παρεχόμενος, τὴν δὲ ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι ὑπισχνούμενος: ἵνα ἀπὸ τῆς ἤδη γενομένης καὶ τῇ μηδέπω γενομένῃ πιστεύσωσιν οἱ φιλονεικότεροι. Καὶ γὰρ τοῖς δι' αὐτὸν ἀποδυομένοις τὰ ὄντα πάντα ἑκατονταπλασίονα ὑπέσχετο δώσειν ἐν τῷ παρόντι βίῳ, καὶ ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι, ἀπὸ τῶν ἤδη δοθέντων καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα ἀξιόπιστα καθιστάς. Ὃ δὴ καὶ Ἰωάννης ἐνταῦθα πεποίηκε δύο θεὶς, ὅτι καὶ βαπτίσει Πνεύματι ἁγίῳ, καὶ κατακαύσει πυρὶ ἀσβέστῳ. Ϛʹ. Εἰ τοίνυν μὴ ἐβάπτισε Πνεύματι τοὺς ἀποστόλους καὶ πάντας καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν τοὺς βουλομένους, ἔχοις ἂν καὶ περὶ ἐκείνων ἀμφιβάλλειν: εἰ δὲ τὸ μεῖζον καὶ δυσκολώτερον εἶναι δοκοῦν, καὶ πάντα ὑπερβαῖνον λόγον, καὶ γέγονε καὶ καθ' ἑκάστην γίνεται, πῶς τὸ εὔκολον καὶ κατὰ λόγον γινόμενον οὐ φῂς εἶναι ἀληθές, Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι Βαπτίσει ἐν Πνεύματι ἁγίῳ καὶ πυρὶ, καὶ μεγάλα ἐντεῦθεν ὑπέσχετο ἀγαθὰ, ἵνα μὴ ἀναπέσῃς τῶν προτέρων ἁπάντων ἀφεθεὶς, ἐπήγαγε τὸ πτύον καὶ τὴν διὰ τούτου κρίσιν ἐμφαινομένην. Μὴ γὰρ δὴ νομίσητε, φησὶν, ἀρκεῖν τὸ βάπτισμα, εἰ φαῦλοι μετὰ ταῦτα γένοισθε: δεῖ γὰρ ἡμῖν καὶ ἀρετῆς καὶ πολλῆς τῆς φιλοσοφίας. Διὰ τοῦτο εἰς μὲν τὴν χάριν καὶ τὸ λουτρὸν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀξίνης αὐτοὺς ὠθεῖ: μετὰ δὲ τὴν χάριν ἀπὸ τοῦ πτύου καὶ τοῦ πυρὸς τοῦ ἀσβέστου φοβεῖ: καὶ τῶν μὲν πρὸ τοῦ βαπτίσματος οὐδεμίαν ποιεῖται διάκρισιν, ἀλλ' ἁπλῶς, Πᾶν δένδρον μὴ ποιοῦν καρπὸν καλὸν ἐκκόπτεται, φησὶ, τοὺς ἀπίστους ἅπαντας κολάζων: μετὰ δὲ τὸ βάπτισμα διαίρεσίν τινα ἐργάζεται, ἐπειδὴ πολλοὶ τῶν πιστευσάντων ἀνάξιον ἔμελλον τῆς πίστεως ἐπιδείκνυσθαι βίον. Μηδεὶς τοίνυν γινέσθω ἄχυρον, μηδεὶς εὐρίπιστος ἔστω, μηδὲ ταῖς πονηραῖς ἐπιθυμίαις προκείσθω, πανταχοῦ ῥᾳδίως ὑπ' αὐτῶν ἀναῤῥιπιζόμενος. Ἂν μὲν γὰρ μείνῃς σῖτος, κἂν πειρασμὸς ἐπενεχθῇ, οὐδὲν πείσῃ δεινόν: καὶ γὰρ κατὰ τὴν ἅλω τῆς ἁμάξης οἱ τροχοὶ οἱ πριστηροειδεῖς τὸν σῖτον οὐ διατέμνουσιν: ἂν δὲ εἰς ἀχύρου μεταπέσῃς ἀσθένειαν, καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἀνήκεστα πείσῃ κοπτόμενος ὑπὸ πάντων, καὶ ἐκεῖ τὴν ἀθάνατον ὑποστήσῃ κόλασιν. Οἱ γὰρ τοιοῦτοι πάντες καὶ πρὸ τῆς ἐκεῖ καμίνου τροφὴ τοῖς ἀλόγοις γίνονται ἐνταῦθα πάθεσιν, ὥσπερ τὸ ἄχυρον τοῖς ἀλόγοις ζώοις: καὶ ἐκεῖ πάλιν ὕλη καὶ τροφὴ τῷ πυρί. Τὸ μὲν οὖν εἰπεῖν ἐξ εὐθείας, ὅτι Αὐτὸς δικάσει τοῖς γινομένοις, οὐχ οὕτως ἐποίει εὐπαράδεκτον τὸν λόγον: τὸ δὲ ἀναμίξαι τὴν παραβολὴν, καὶ διὰ ταύτης κατασκευάσαι τὸ πᾶν, μᾶλλον ἔπειθε, καὶ μετὰ πλείονος παραμυθίας ἐφείλκετο τὸν ἀκροατήν. Διὸ καὶ τὰ πλείονα οὕτως αὐτοῖς αὐτὸς διαλέγεται, ἅλωνα, καὶ ἀμητὸν, καὶ ἀμπελῶνα, καὶ ληνὸν, καὶ ἄρουραν, καὶ σαγήνην, καὶ ἁλείαν, καὶ πάντα τὰ συνήθη καὶ ἐν οἷς ἐστρέφοντο, τοῖς λόγοις μιγνὺς τοῖς αὐτοῦ. Ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ Βαπτιστὴς ἐνταῦθα πεποίηκε, καὶ ἀπόδειξιν μεγίστην παρέσχετο τῶν εἰρημένων, τὴν τοῦ Πνεύματος δόσιν. Ὁ γὰρ τοσαῦτα δυνάμενος, ὡς καὶ ἁμαρτήματα ἀφεῖναι, καὶ Πνεῦμα δοῦναι, καὶ ταῦτα πολλῷ μᾶλλον δυνήσεται, φησίν. Εἶδες πῶς ἤδη τὸ μυστήριον ἀκολούθως προκατεβάλλετο τῆς ἀναστάσεως καὶ τῆς κρίσεως; Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν, φησὶν, οὐκ εἶπε τὰ εὐθέως ἐσόμενα παρ' αὐτοῦ σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα; Ὅτι τοῦτο μεῖζον ἁπάντων ἦν, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο πάντα ἐκεῖνα ἐγίνετο. Τὸ γὰρ κεφάλαιον θεὶς, πάντα περιέλαβε: θανάτου λύσιν, ἁμαρτημάτων ἀναίρεσιν, κατάρας ἀφανισμὸν, τῶν χρονίων πολέμων ἀπαλλαγὴν, τὴν εἰς τὸν παράδεισον εἴσοδον, τὴν εἰς οὐρανοὺς ἄνοδον, τὴν μετὰ ἀγγέλων πολιτείαν, τὴν τῶν μελλόντων ἀγαθῶν κοινωνίαν: καὶ γὰρ οὗτος ἀῤῥαβὼν ἐκείνων ἐστίν. Εἰπὼν τοίνυν τοῦτο, εἶπε καὶ τὴν τῶν σωμάτων ἀνάστασιν, καὶ τὴν τῶν ἐνταῦθα σημείων ἐπίδειξιν, καὶ τὴν τῆς βασιλείας κοινωνίαν, καὶ τὰ ἀγαθὰ, Ἃ ὀφθαλμὸς οὐκ εἶδε, καὶ οὖς οὐκ ἤκουσε, καὶ ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἀνέβη. Πάντα γὰρ ταῦτα δι' ἐκείνου τοῦ χαρίσματος ἡμῖν παρέσχετο. Περιττὸν τοίνυν ἦν περὶ τῶν σημείων εἰπεῖν τῶν εὐθέως ἐκβησομένων, καὶ τῇ ὄψει κρινομένων: ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ ἐκείνων ἔδει διαλεχθῆναι, ὧν ἀμφέβαλλον: οἷον, ὅτι Υἱὸς Θεοῦ ἐστιν, ὅτι ὑπερέχων τοῦ Ἰωάννου ἀσυγκρίτως, ὅτι αἴρει τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τοῦ κόσμου, ὅτι δίκην ἀπαιτήσει τῶν πεπραγμένων, ὅτι οὐ μέχρι τοῦ παρόντος τὰ ἡμέτερα, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖ τὴν ἀξίαν ἕκαστος ὑποστήσεται τιμωρίαν. Ταῦτα γὰρ ὄψει παραστῆσαι τέως οὐκ ἦν. ζʹ. Ταῦτ' οὖν εἰδότες, πολλῇ τῇ σπουδῇ χρώμεθα, ἕως ἂν ὦμεν ἐν τῇ ἅλωνι: καὶ γὰρ ἔξεστιν ἐνταῦθα οὖσι καὶ ἐξ ἀχύρου μεταβαλέσθαι εἰς σῖτον, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ ἀπὸ σίτου πολλοὶ γεγόνασιν ἄχυρον. Μὴ τοίνυν ἀναπέσωμεν, μηδὲ ἀνέμῳ παντὶ περιφερώμεθα, μηδὲ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἀποσχιζώμεθα τῶν ἡμετέρων, κἂν μικροὶ δοκῶσιν εἶναι καὶ εὐτελεῖς: ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ σῖτος τοῦ ἀχύρου κατὰ μὲν τὸ μέτρον ἐλάττων, κατὰ δὲ τὴν φύσιν βελτίων. Μὴ δὴ τὰς ἔξωθεν φαντασίας ἴδῃς: τῷ πυρὶ γάρ εἰσι παρεσκευασμέναι: ἀλλὰ τὴν κατὰ Θεὸν ταπεινότητα, τὴν στεῤῥὰν ταύτην καὶ ἀδιάλυτον, καὶ τμηθῆναι μὴ δυναμένην, μηδὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς καιομένην. Διὰ γὰρ τούτους καὶ τῷ ἀχύρῳ μακροθυμεῖ, ἵνα ἀπὸ τῆς πρὸς αὐτοὺς ὁμιλίας βελτίους γένωνται. Διὰ τοῦτο οὔπω κρίσις, ἵνα κοινῇ πάντες στεφανωθῶμεν, ἵνα ἀπὸ πονηρίας πολλοὶ μεταβληθῶσιν εἰς ἀρετήν. Φρίξωμεν τοίνυν, τῆς παραβολῆς ταύτης ἀκούοντες. Καὶ γὰρ ἄσβεστόν ἐστιν ἐκεῖνο τὸ πῦρ. Καὶ πῶς, φησὶν, ἄσβεστον; Οὐχ ὁρᾷς τουτονὶ τὸν ἥλιον καιόμενον ἀεὶ, καὶ μηδέποτε σβεννύμενον; οὐκ εἶδες τὴν βάτον καιομένην, καὶ μὴ κατακαιομένην; Εἰ τοίνυν καὶ αὐτὸς βούλει διαφυγεῖν τὴν φλόγα, τὴν ἐλεημοσύνην προαπόθου, καὶ οὕτως οὐδὲ πεῖραν λήψῃ τοῦ πυρὸς ἐκείνου. Ἂν μὲν γὰρ ἐνταῦθα πιστεύσῃς τοῖς λεγομένοις, οὐδὲ ὄψει τὴν κάμινον ταύτην, ἀπελθὼν ἐκεῖσε: ἐὰν δὲ ἀπιστήσῃς αὐτῇ νῦν, ἐκεῖ διὰ τῆς πείρας εἴσῃ καλῶς, ὅτε οὐδὲ διαφυγεῖν δυνατόν. Καὶ γὰρ ἀπαραίτητος ἡ κόλασις τοῖς οὐκ ὀρθὸν ἐπιδεδειγμένοις βίον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀρκεῖ τὸ πιστεῦσαι μόνον: ἐπεὶ καὶ δαίμονες φρίττουσι τὸν Θεὸν, ἀλλὰ καὶ οὕτω τιμωρηθήσονται. Διὸ πολλῆς ἡμῖν τῆς κατὰ τὸν βίον ἐπιμελείας δεῖ. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο καὶ ἐνταῦθα ὑμᾶς συνεχῶς συνάγομεν, οὐχ ἵνα εἰσέλθητε μόνον, ἀλλ' ἵνα τι καὶ καρπώσησθε τῆς ἐνταῦθα διατριβῆς: ἂν δὲ παραγίνησθε μὲν ἀεὶ, μηδὲν δὲ ἐντεῦθεν καρπούμενοι ἀναχωρῆτε, οὐδὲν τῆς ἐνταῦθα εἰσόδου καὶ προσεδρείας ἔσται τι πλέον. Εἰ γὰρ παιδία πρὸς διδασκάλους πέμποντες, ἂν ἴδωμεν ἐκεῖθεν μηδὲν καρπούμενα, σφοδροὶ κατήγοροι τῶν διδασκάλων γινόμεθα, καὶ πρὸς ἑτέρους αὐτὰ μεθίσταμεν πολλάκις: τίνα ἕξομεν ἀπολογίαν, μηδὲ ὅσην ἐν τοῖς γηΐνοις τούτοις, τοσαύτην τῇ ἀρετῇ παρέχοντες τὴν σπουδὴν, ἀλλὰ κενὰς ἀεὶ τὰς δέλτους οἴκαδε φέροντες; Καίτοι καὶ πλείους καὶ μείζους ἐνταῦθα οἱ διδάσκαλοι. Καὶ γὰρ προφήτας, καὶ ἀποστόλους, καὶ πατριάρχας, καὶ δικαίους ἅπαντας καθ' ἑκάστην ὑμῖν ἐφιστῶμεν ἐκκλησίαν διδασκάλους. Καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτω γίνεταί τι πλέον: ἀλλὰ ἂν δύο ψαλμοὺς ἢ τρεῖς ὑπηχήσαντες, καὶ τὰς συνήθεις εὐχὰς ἁπλῶς καὶ ὡς ἔτυχε ποιούμενοι διαλυθῆτε, νομίζετε ἀρκεῖν τοῦτο εἰς σωτηρίαν ὑμῖν. Οὐκ ἠκούσατε τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος, μᾶλλον δὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ τοῦ προφήτου, ὅτι Ὁ λαὸς οὗτος τοῖς χείλεσί με τιμᾷ, ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν πόῤῥω ἀπέχει ἀπ' ἐμοῦ; Ἵν' οὖν τοῦτο μὴ γένηται καὶ ἐφ' ἡμῶν, ἐξάλειψον τὰ γράμματα, μᾶλλον δὲ τὰ χαράγματα, ἅπερ ὁ διάβολος ἐνετύπωσέ σου τῇ ψυχῇ, καὶ φέρε μοι καρδίαν βιωτικῶν ἀπηλλαγμένην θορύβων, ἵνα μετὰ ἀδείας ἃ βούλομαι ἐγγράψω. Ὡς νῦν γε οὐδὲν ἕτερόν ἐστι γινώσκειν, ἢ τὰ ἐκείνου γράμματα, ἁρπαγὰς, πλεονεξίας, φθόνον, βασκανίαν. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο, ὅταν τὰς δέλτους λάβω τὰς ὑμετέρας, οὐδὲ ἀναγνῶναι δύναμαι. Οὐ γὰρ εὑρίσκω τὰ γράμματα, ἅπερ ἡμεῖς κατὰ Κυριακὴν ἐγγράφοντες ὑμῖν ἀφίεμεν: ἀλλ' ἕτερα ἀνθ' ἑτέρων, ἄσημα καὶ διεστραμμένα. Εἶτα, ὅταν ἐξαλείψαντες αὐτὰ γράψωμεν τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματος, ἀπελθόντες ὑμεῖς, καὶ ταῖς διαβολικαῖς ἐνεργείαις δόντες τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν, παρέχετε ἐκείνῳ πάλιν τὰ ἑαυτοῦ ἀντεγγράφειν ὑμῖν. Τί οὖν ἔσται τούτων τὸ πέρας, κἂν ἐγὼ μὴ λέξω, τὸ ἑκάστου συνειδὸς οἶδεν. Ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ οὐ παύσομαι τὸ ἐμαυτοῦ ποιῶν, καὶ τὰ ὀρθὰ γράμματα ἐγγράφων. Εἰ δὲ ὑμεῖς λυμαίνεσθε ἡμῶν τὴν σπουδὴν, ἡμῖν μὲν ὁ μισθὸς ἀκίνητος, ὑμῖν δὲ οὐ μικρὸς ὁ κίνδυνος. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν βούλομαι φορτικὸν εἰπεῖν. ηʹ. Ἀλλὰ δέομαι πάλιν καὶ παρακαλῶ, κἂν τῶν παίδων τῶν μικρῶν μιμήσασθε τὴν περὶ ταῦτα σπουδήν. Καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι πρῶτον μὲν τὸν τύπον μανθάνουσι τῶν στοιχείων: ἔπειτα διεστραμμένα αὐτὰ διαγινώσκειν μελετῶσι: καὶ τότε καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀναγνώσεως ὁδῷ βαδίζουσι τῇ ἐξ ἐκείνων. Οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς ποιῶμεν: διελόμενοι τὴν ἀρετὴν, μανθάνωμεν πρότερον τὸ μὴ ὀμνύναι, μηδὲ ἐπιορκεῖν, μηδὲ κακηγορεῖν: εἶτα, ἐπ' ἄλλον στίχον ἐλθόντες, τὸ μὴ βασκαίνειν, μηδὲ σωμάτων ἐρᾷν, μὴ γαστρίζεσθαι, μὴ μεθύσκεσθαι, μὴ ὠμοὶ, μὴ νωθεῖς: ἵνα ἀπὸ τούτων πάλιν εἰς τὰ πνευματικὰ μεταβάντες, μελετῶμεν ἐγκράτειαν καὶ γαστρὸς ὑπεροψίαν, σωφροσύνην, δικαιοσύνην, τὸ δόξης εἶναι κρείττους, καὶ ἐπιεικεῖς, καὶ τῇ διανοίᾳ συντετριμμένους, καὶ συνάπτωμεν ταῦτα ἀλλήλοις, καὶ ἐγγράφωμεν ἡμῶν τῇ ψυχῇ. Καὶ ταῦτα ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκίας, ἐπὶ τῶν φίλων, ἐπὶ τῆς γυναικὸς, ἐπὶ τῶν παίδων γυμνάζωμεν ἅπαντα. Καὶ τέως ἀπὸ τῶν πρώτων ἀρχώμεθα τῶν εὐκολωτέρων: οἷον, ἀπὸ τοῦ μὴ ὀμνύναι: καὶ τοῦτο συνεχῶς μελετῶμεν τὸ στοιχεῖον ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκίας. Καὶ γὰρ πολλοὶ οἱ ἐμποδίζοντες οἴκοι τῇ μελέτῃ ταύτῃ: καὶ γὰρ οἰκέτης παροξύνει, καὶ γυνὴ λυποῦσα εἰς ὀργὴν ἐμβάλλει, καὶ παιδίον ἀμαθαῖνον καὶ ἀτακτοῦν εἰς ἀπειλὴν καὶ ὅρκον ἐξάγει. Ἂν τοίνυν ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκίας συνεχῶς ὑπὸ τούτων παρακνιζόμενος κατορθώσῃς τὸ μὴ παρασύρεσθαι εἰς ὅρκους, εὐκόλως καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς δυνήσῃ μεῖναι ἀνάλωτος. Ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ τὸ μὴ ὑβρίζειν κατορθώσεις, μήτε τὴν γυναῖκα ὑβρίζων, μήτε τὸν οἰκέτην, μήτε τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκίας ἕτερόν τινα. Καὶ γὰρ γυνὴ πολλάκις ἐπαινοῦσα τὸν δεῖνα, καὶ ταλανίζουσα ἑαυτὴν, ἐξάπτει εἰς τὸ κακῶς ἐκεῖνον εἰπεῖν. Ἀλλὰ σὺ μὴ ἀναγκασθῇς κατηγορῆσαι τὸν ἐπαινούμενον, ἀλλὰ φέρε πάντα γενναίως: κἂν τοὺς οἰκέτας ἑτέρους ἐπαινοῦντας δεσπότας ἴδῃς, μὴ ταραχθῇς, ἀλλὰ στῆθι γενναίως, Ἀγὼν ἔστω καὶ παλαίστρα ἀρετῆς ἡ οἰκία, ἵνα ἐκεῖ καλῶς γυμνασάμενος, μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς ἐπιστήμης τοῖς ἐν ἀγορᾷ προσβάλλῃς. Τοῦτο καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς κενοδοξίας ποίει. Ἂν γὰρ μελετήσῃς μὴ κενοδοξεῖν ἐπὶ τῆς γυναικὸς καὶ τῶν οἰκετῶν, ἐπ' οὐδενὸς λοιπὸν ἑτέρου ῥᾳδίως ἁλώσῃ τούτῳ τῷ πάθει. Πανταχοῦ μὲν γὰρ τὸ νόσημα τοῦτο χαλεπὸν καὶ τυραννικὸν, μάλιστα δὲ ὅταν γυνὴ παρῇ. Ἂν τοίνυν ἐκεῖ καταλύσωμεν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἰσχὺν, ῥᾳδίως αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις περιεσόμεθα. Καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων δὲ παθῶν τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο ποιῶμεν, ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκίας γυμναζόμενοι κατ' αὐτῶν, καὶ καθ' ἑκάστην ἀλειφόμενοι τὴν ἡμέραν. Καὶ ἵνα εὐκολωτέρα ἡμῖν ἡ γυμνασία γένηται, καὶ ἐπιτίμιον καθ' ἑαυτῶν ἐκφέρωμεν, ὅταν τι τῶν προκειμένων παραβῶμεν. Ἔστω δὲ καὶ τὸ ἐπιτίμιον πάλιν μὴ ζημίαν, ἀλλὰ μισθὸν ἔχον, καὶ κέρδος προξενοῦν μέγιστον: τοῦτο δέ ἐστιν, ἂν νηστείαις ἐπιτεταμέναις ἑαυτοὺς καταδικάζωμεν, καὶ χαμευνίαις, καὶ ἑτέρᾳ τοιαύτῃ σκληραγωγίᾳ. Οὕτω γὰρ πάντοθεν ἡμῖν πολλὰ ἥξει τὰ κέρδη, καὶ ἐνταῦθα τὸν ἡδὺν τῆς ἀρετῆς βιωσόμεθα βίον, καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπιτευξόμεθα ἀγαθῶν, καὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ διηνεκῶς ἐσόμεθα φίλοι. Ἀλλ' ὅπως ἂν μὴ τὰ αὐτὰ γένηται πάλιν, καὶ θαυμάσαντες ἐνταῦθα τὰ εἰρημένα, ἀπελθόντες, ἁπλῶς καὶ ὡς ἔτυχε τὴν δέλτον τῆς διανοίας ὑμῶν ῥίψαντες, παράσχητε τῷ διαβόλῳ ταῦτα ἐξαλεῖψαι, ἀναχωρήσας οἴκαδε ἕκαστος, καλείτω τὴν γυναῖκα τὴν ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ ἀπαγγελλέτω ταῦτα, καὶ λαμβανέτω βοηθὸν, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας εἰς τὴν καλὴν ταύτην εἰσίτω παλαίστραν, ἐλαίῳ τῇ τοῦ Πνεύματος χρώμενος χορηγίᾳ. Κἂν ἅπαξ, κἂν δὶς, κἂν πολλάκις καταπέσῃς γυμναζόμενος, μὴ ἀπογνῷς, ἀλλὰ στῆθι πάλιν καὶ πάλαισον: καὶ μὴ πρότερον ἀποστῇς, ἕως ἂν λαμπρὸν ἀναδήσῃ κατὰ τοῦ διαβόλου τὸν στέφανον, καὶ ἐν ἀσύλῳ θησαυρῷ λοιπὸν τῆς ἀρετῆς ἀποθῇ τὴν κτῆσιν. Ἂν γὰρ ἐν συνηθείᾳ τῆς καλῆς ταύτης σαυτὸν καταστήσῃς φιλοσοφίας, οὐδὲ ῥᾳθυμῶν λοιπὸν δυνήσῃ παραβῆναί τι τῶν ἐπιτεταγμένων, τῆς συνηθείας τὴν τῆς φύσεως μιμουμένης στεῤῥότητα. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τὸ καθεύδειν εὔκολον, καὶ ἐσθίειν, καὶ πίνειν, καὶ ἀναπνεῖν: οὕτως ἔσται καὶ τὰ τῆς ἀρετῆς ἡμῖν ῥᾴδια, καὶ τὴν εἰλικρινῆ καρπωσόμεθα ἡδονὴν, ἐν ἀκυμάντῳ λιμένι καθήμενοι, καὶ γαλήνης διηνεκοῦς ἀπολαύοντες, καὶ μετὰ πολλοῦ τοῦ φόρτου τὸ πλοῖον εἰς ἐκείνην ὁρμίζοντες τὴν πόλιν ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, καὶ τῶν ἀκηράτων ἐπιτευξόμεθα στεφάνων: ὧν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.