Homily XV.

1 Cor. v. 1, 2

It is actually reported that there is fornication among you, and such fornication as is not even named among the Gentiles, that one of you hath his father’s wife. And ye are puffed up, and did not rather mourn, that he that had done this deed might be taken away from among you.

When he was discoursing about their divisions, he did not indeed at once address them vehemently, but more gently at first; and afterwards, he ended in accusation, saying thus, (c. 1. xi.) “For it hath been signified unto me concerning you, my brethren, by them which are of the household of Chloe, that there are contentions among you.” But in this place, not so; but he lays about him immediately and makes the reproach of the accusation as general as possible. For he said not, “Why did such an one commit fornication?” but, “It is reported that there is fornication among you;” that they might as persons altogether aloof from his charge take it easily; but might be filled with such anxiety as was natural when the whole body was wounded, and the Church had incurred reproach. “For no one,” saith he, “will state it thus, ‘such an one hath committed fornication,’ but, ‘in the Church of Corinthians that sin hath been committed.’”

And he said not, “Fornication is perpetrated,” but, “Is reported,—such as is not even named among the Gentiles.” For so continually he makes the Gentiles a topic of reproach to the believers. Thus writing to the Thessalonians, he said, (1 Thess. iv. 4, 5, καὶ τιμῆ om. τὰ λοιπὰ inserted.) “Let every one possess himself of his own vessel in sanctification, not in the passion of lust, even as the rest of the Gentiles.” And to the Colossians and Ephesians, (Ephes. iv. 17. cf. Col. iii. 6, 7.) “That you should no longer walk, as the other Gentiles walk.” Now if their committing the same sins was unpardonable, when they even outdid the Gentiles, what place can we find for them? tell me: “inasmuch as among the Gentiles,” so he speaks, “not only they dare no such thing, but they do not even give it a name. Do you see to what point he aggravated his charge? For when they are convicted of inventing such modes of uncleanness as the unbelievers, so far from venturing on them, do not even know of, the sin must be exceeding great, beyond all words. And the clause, “among you,” is spoken also emphatically; that is, “Among you, the faithful, who have been favored with so high mysteries, the partakers of secrets, the guests invited to heaven.” Dost thou mark with what indignant feeling his works overflow? with what anger against all? For had it not been for the great wrath of which he was full, had he not been setting himself against them all, he would have spoken thus:  “Having heard that such and such a person hath committed fornication, I charge you to punish him.” But as it is he doth not so; he rather challenges all at once. And indeed, if they had written first, this is what he probably would have said. Since however so far from writing, they had even thrown the fault into the shade, on this account he orders his discourse more vehemently.

[2.] “That one of you should have his father’s wife.” Wherefore said he not, “That he should abuse his father’s wife?” The extreme foulness of the deed caused him to shrink. He hurries by it accordingly, with a sort of scrupulousness as though it had been explicitly mentioned before. And hereby again he aggravates the charge, implying that such things are ventured on among them as even to speak plainly of was intolerable for Paul. Wherefore also, as he goes on, he uses the same mode of speech, saying, “Him who hath so done this thing:” and is again ashamed and blushes to speak out; which also we are wont to do in regard of matters extremely disgraceful. And he said not, “his step-mother,” but, “his father’s wife;” so as to strike much more severely. For when the mere terms are sufficient to convey the charge, he proceeds with them simply, adding nothing.

And “tell me not,” saith he, “that the fornicator is but one: the charge hath become common to all.” Wherefore at once he added, “and ye are puffed up:” he said not, “with the sin;” for this would imply want of all reason:  but with the doctrine you have heard from that person75    S. Aug. cont. Parm. iii. 5. gives their “glorying” a different turn; saying, (with especial reference to v. 6.) “To glory, not for their own sins, but over other men’s sins, as in comparison with their own innocence, may seem but ‘a little leaven;’ while to boast even of one’s iniquities is much leaven: however, this also ‘leaveneth the whole lump.’” [Perhaps the phrase refers merely to their general elation at their good estate, notwithstanding their toleration of so great an offence. C.]. This however he set not down himself, but left it undetermined, that he might inflict a heavier blow.

And mark the good sense of Paul. Having first overthrown the wisdom from without, and signified that it is nothing by itself although no sin were associated with it; then and not till then he discourses about the sin also. For if by way of comparison with the fornicator who perhaps was some wise one, he had maintained the greatness of his own spiritual gift; he had done no great thing: but even when unattended with sin to take down the heathen wisdom and demonstrate it to be nothing, this was indicating its extreme worthlessness indeed. Wherefore first, as I said, having made the comparison, he afterwards mentions the man’s sin also.

And with him indeed he condescends not to debate, and thereby signifies the exceeding greatness of his dishonor. But to the others he saith, “You ought to weep and wail, and cover your faces, but now ye do the contrary.” And this is the force of the next clause, “And ye are puffed up, and did not rather mourn.”

“And why are we to weep?” some might say. Because the reproach hath made its way even unto the whole body of your Church. “And what good are we to get by our weeping?” “That such an one should be taken away from you.” Not even here doth he mention his name; rather, I should say, not any where; which in all monstrous things is our usual way.

And he said not, “Ye have not rather cast him out,” but, as in the case of any disease or pestilence, “there is need of mourning,” saith he, “and of intense supplication, ‘that he may be taken away.’ And you should have used prayer for this, and left nothing undone that he should be cut off.”

Nor yet doth he accuse them for not having given him information, but for not having mourned so that the man should be taken away; implying that even without their Teacher this ought to have been done, because of the notoriety of the offence.

[3.] Ver. 3. “For I verily being absent in body, but present in spirit.”

Mark his energy. He suffers them not even to wait for his presence, nor to receive him first and then pass the sentence of binding: but as if on the point of expelling some contagion before that it have spread itself into the rest of the body, he hastens to restrain it. And therefore he subjoins the clause, “I have judged already, as though I were present.” These things moreover he said, not only to urge them unto the declaration of their sentence and to give them no opportunity of contriving something else, but also to frighten them, as one who knew what was to be done and determined there. For this is the meaning of being “present in spirit:” as Elisha was present with Gehazi, and said, “Went not my heart with thee? (2 Kings v. 26.) Wonderful!  How great is the power of the gift, in that it makes all to be together and as one; and qualifies them to know the things which are far off. “I have judged already as though I were present.”

He permits them not to have any other device. “Now I have uttered my decision as if I were present: let there be no delays and puttings off: for nothing else must be done.”

Then lest he should be thought too authoritative and his speech sound rather self-willed, mark how he makes them also partners in the sentence. For having said, “I have judged,” he adds, “concerning him that hath so wrought this thing, in the Name of our Lord Jesus Christ, ye being gathered together, and my spirit, with the power of our Lord Jesus Christ, to deliver such an one unto Satan.

Now what means, “In the Name of our Lord Jesus Christ?” “According to God;” “not possessed with any human prejudice.”

Some, however, read thus, “Him that hath so wrought this thing in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ,” and putting a stop there or a break, then subjoin what follows, saying, “When you are gathered together and my spirit to deliver such an one unto Satan:” and they assert that the sense of this reading is as follows, “Him that hath done this thing in the Name of Christ,” saith St. Paul, “deliver ye unto Satan;” that is, “him that hath done insult unto the Name of Christ, him that, after he had become a believer and was called after that appellation, hath dared to do such things, deliver ye unto Satan.” But to me the former exposition (ἐκδοσις. It seems to mean “enunciation.”) appears the truer.

What then is this? “When ye are gathered together in the Name of the Lord.” That is; His Name, in whose behalf ye have met, collecting you together.

“And my spirit.” Again he sets himself at their head in order that when they should pass sentence, they might no otherwise cut off the offender than as if he were present; and that no one might dare to judge him pardonable, knowing that Paul would be aware of the proceedings.

[4.] Then making it yet more awful, he saith, “with the power of our Lord Jesus Christ;” that is, either that Christ is able to give you such grace as that you should have power to deliver him to the devil; or that He is Himself together with you passing that sentence against him.

And he said not, “Give up” such an one to Satan, but “deliver;” opening unto him the doors of repentance, and delivering up such an one as it were to a schoolmaster. And again it is, “such an one:” he no where can endure to make mention of his name.

“For the destruction of the flesh.” As was done in the case of the blessed Job, but not upon the same ground. For in that case it was for brighter crowns, but here for loosing of sins; that he might scourge him with a grievous sore or some other disease. True it is that elsewhere he saith, “Of the Lord are we judged, (1 Cor. xi. 32.) when we suffer these things.” But here, desirous of making them feel it more severely, he “delivereth up unto Satan.” And so this too which God had determined ensued, that the man’s flesh was chastised. For because inordinate eating and carnal luxuriousness are the parents of desires, it is the flesh which he chastises.

“That the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus;” that is the soul. Not as though this were saved alone, but because it was a settled point that if that were saved, without all controversy the body too would partake in its salvation. For as it became mortal because of the soul’s sinning: so if this do righteousness, that also on the other hand shall enjoy great glory.

But some maintain, that “the Spirit” is the Gracious Gift which is extinguished when we sin. “In order then that this may not happen,” saith he, “let him be punished; that thereby becoming better, he may draw down to himself God’s grace, and be found having it safe in that day.” So that all comes as from one exercising a nurse’s or a physician’s office, not merely scourging nor punishing rashly and at random. For the gain is greater than the punishment: one being but for a season, the other everlasting.

And he said not simply, “That the spirit may be saved,” but “in that day.” Well and seasonably doth he remind them of that day in order that both they might more readily apply themselves to the cure, and that the person censured might the rather receive his words, not as it were of anger, but as the forethought of an anxious father. For this cause also he said, “unto the destruction of the flesh:” proceeding to lay down regulations for the devil and not suffering him to go a step too far. As in the instance of Job, God said, (Job ii. 6.) “But touch not his life.”

[5.] Then, having ended his sentence, and spoken it in brief without dwelling on it, he brings in again a rebuke, directing himself against them;

Ver. 6. “Your glorying is not good:” signifying that it was they up to the present time who had hindered him from repenting, by taking pride in him. Next he shews that he is taking this step in order to spare not that person only, but also those to whom he writes. To which effect he adds,

“Know ye not, that a little leaven leaveneth the whole lump?” “For,” saith he, “though the offence be his, yet if neglected it hath power to waste the rest of the body of the Church also. For when the first transgressor escapes punishment, speedily will others also commit the same faults.”

 In these words he indicates moreover that their struggle and their danger is for the whole Church, not for any one person. For which purpose he needeth also the similitude of the leaven. For “as that,” saith he, “though it be but little, transforms unto its own nature the whole lump; so also this man, if he be let go unpunished and this sin turn out unavenged, will corrupt likewise all the rest.”

Ver. 7. “Purge out the old leaven,” that is, this evil one. Not that he speaketh concerning this one only; rather he glances at others with him. For, “the old leaven” is not fornication only, but also sin of every kind. And he said not, “purge,” but “purge out;” “cleanse with accuracy so that there be not so much as a remnant nor a shadow of that sort.” In saying then, “purge out,” he signifies that there was still iniquity among them. But in saying, “that ye may be a new lump, even as ye are unleavened,” he affirms and declares that not over very many was the wickedness prevailing. But though he saith, “as ye are unleavened,” he means it not as a fact that all were clean, but as to what sort of people you ought to be.

[6.] “For our Passover also hath been sacrificed for us, even Christ; wherefore let us keep the feast: not with old leaven, nor with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.” So also Christ called His doctrine Leaven. And further he himself dwells upon the metaphor, reminding them of an ancient history, and of the Passover and unleavened bread, and of their blessings both then and now, and their punishments and their plagues.

 It is festival, therefore, the whole time in which we live. For though he said, “Let us keep the feast,” not with a view to the presence of the Passover or of Pentecost did he say it; but as pointing out that the whole of time is a festival unto Christians, because of the excellency of the good things which have been given. For what hath not come to pass that is good?  The Son of God was made man for thee; He freed thee from death; and called thee to a kingdom. Thou therefore who hast obtained and art still obtaining such things, how can it be less than thy duty to “keep the feast” all thy life? Let no one then be downcast about poverty, and disease, and craft of enemies. For it is a festival, even the whole of our time. Wherefore saith Paul, (Philip. iv. 4.) “Rejoice in the Lord always; again I say, Rejoice.” Upon the festival days no one puts on filthy garments. Neither then let us do so. For a marriage hath been made, a spiritual marriage. For, “the kingdom of Heaven,” saith He, “is likened unto a certain king which would make (St. Matt. xxii. 1. ἠθέλησε ποιῆσαι, rec. text ἐποίησε.) a marriage feast for his son.” Now where it is a king making a marriage, and a marriage for his son, what can be greater than this feast?  Let no one then enter in clad in rags. Not about garments is our discourse but about unclean actions. For if where all wore bright apparel one alone, being found at the marriage in filthy garments, was cast out with dishonor, consider how great strictness and purity the entrance into that marriage feast requires.

[7.] However, not on this account only does he remind them of the “unleavened bread,” but also to point out the affinity of the Old Testament with the New; and to point out also that it was impossible, after the “unleavened bread,” again to enter into Egypt; but if any one chose to return, he would suffer the same things as did they. For those things were a shadow of these; however obstinate the Jew may be. Wherefore shouldest thou enquire of him, he will speak, no great thing, rather it is great which he will speak of, but nothing like what we speak of: because he knows not the truth. For he for his part will say, “the Egyptians who detained us were so changed by the Almighty that they themselves urged and drave us out, who before held us forcibly; they did not suffer us so much as to leaven our dough.” But if a man asketh me, he shall hear not of Egypt nor of Pharaoh; but of our deliverance from the deceit of demons and the darkness of the devil: not of Moses but of the Son of God; not of a Red Sea but of a Baptism overflowing with ten thousand blessings, where the “old man” is drowned.

Again, shouldest thou ask the Jew why he expels all leaven from all his borders; here he will even be silent and will not so much as state any reason. And this is because, although some indeed of the circumstances were both types of things to come, and also due to things then happening; yet others were not so, that the Jews might not deal deceitfully; that they might not abide in the shadow. For tell me, what is the meaning of the Lamb’s being a “Male,” and “Unblemished,” and a “year old,” and of, “a bone shall not be broken?” and what means the command to call the neighbors also, (Exod. xii. 4.) and that it should be eaten “standing” and “in the evening;” or the fortifying the house with blood? He will have nothing else to say but over and over all about Egypt. But I can tell you the meaning both of the Blood, and of the Evening, and the Eating all together, and of the rule that all should be standing.

[8.] But first let us explain why the leaven is cast out of all their borders. What then is the hidden meaning? The believer must be freed from all iniquity. For as among them he perishes with whomsoever is found old leaven, so also with us wheresoever is found iniquity: since of course the punishment being so great in that which is a shadow, in our case it cannot choose but be much greater. For if they so carefully clear their houses of leaven76    Lightfoot, Works, i. 953. “‘Seven days there shall be no leaven found in your houses.’ The Jews to meet this command that was so exceeding strict, and to make sure for its observance soon enough, ‘did on the fourteenth day, while yet there was some light, make search for leaven by the light of a candle.’  (Talm. in Pesachim. no. 1.) Thus is the Tradition; in which by the light of the fourteenth day their glossaries tell us that we must understand the ‘thirteenth day at even, when it began to be duskish and candle-light.’ The rubric of the Passover in the Hebrew and Spanish tongues renders it, ‘At the entrance of the fourteenth day of the month Nisan, they searched for leaven in all the places where they were wont to use leaven, even in holes and crannies; and that not by light of the sun and moon, or torch, but by the light of a wax candle,’…because it is the fittest for searching holes and corners, and because the Scripture speaketh of searching Jerusalem with candles.” See Zeph. i. 12., and pry into mouse-holes; much more ought we to search through the soul so as to cast out every unclean thought.

This however was done by them of late77    i.e. (as it should seem) it has now become impossible for the Jews to keep this command, since they and their false doctrine are (spiritually) that very leaven, which is to be put away. Compare St. Matt. xvi. 6.; but now no longer. For every where there is leaven, where a Jew is found. For it is in the midst of cities that the feast of unleavened bread is kept: a thing which is now rather a game at play than a law. For since the Truth is come, the Types have no longer any place.

So that by means of this example also he mightily drives the fornicator out of the Church. For, saith he, so far from his presence profiting, he even doth harm, injuring the common estate of the body. For one knows not whence is the evil savor while the corrupt part is concealed, and so one imputes it to the whole. Wherefore he urges upon them strongly to “purge out the leaven, that ye may be,” saith he, “a new lump, even as ye are unleavened.”

“For our Passover hath been sacrificed for us even Christ.” He said not, hath died, but more in point to the subject in hand, “hath been sacrificed.” Seek not then unleavened bread of this kind, since neither hast thou a lamb of the same kind. Seek not leaven of this description, seeing that thine unleavened bread is not such as this.

[9.] Thus, in the case of material leaven, the unleavened might become leavened, but never the reverse; whereas here there is a chance of the direct contrary occuring. This however he has not plainly declared:  and observe his good sense. In the former Epistle he gives the fornicator no hope of return, but orders that his whole life should be spent in repentance, lest he should make him less energetic through the promise. For he said not, “Deliver him up to Satan,” that having repented he might be commended again unto the Church. But what saith he? “That he may be saved in the last day.” For he conducts him on unto that time in order to make him full of anxiety. And what favors he intended him after the repentance, he reveals not, imitating his own Master. For as God saith, (Jonah iii. 4. lxx: rec. text, “forty days.”) “Yet three days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown,” and added not, “but if she repent she shall be saved:” so also he did not say here, “But if he repent worthily, we will ‘confirm our love towards him.’” (2 Cor. ii. 8.). But he waits for him to do the work that so he may then receive the favor. For if he had said this at the beginning he might have set him free from the fear. Wherefore he not only does not so, but by the instance of leaven allows him not even a hope of return, but reserves him unto that day: “Purge out (so he says) the old leaven;” and, “let us not keep the feast with old leaven.” But as soon as he had repented, he brought him in again with all earnestness.

[10.] But why does he call it “old?” Either because our former life was of this sort, or because that which is old is “ready to vanish away,” (Heb. viii. 13.) and is unsavory and foul; which is the nature of sin. For He neither simply finds fault with the old, nor simply praises the new, but with reference to the subject matter. And thus elsewhere He saith, (Ecclus. ix. 15.) “New wine is as a new friend: but if it become old, then with pleasure shalt thou drink it:” in the case of friendship bestowing his praise rather upon the old than the new. And again, “The Ancient of days sat,” (Dan. vii. 9.) here again, taking the term “ancient” as among those laudatory expressions which confer highest glory. Elsewhere the Scripture takes the term “old” in the sense of blame; for seeing that the things are of various aspect as being composed of many parts, it uses the same words both in a good and an evil import, not according to the same shade of meaning. Of which you may see an instance in the blame cast elsewhere on the old: (Ps. xvii. 46. ap. LXX.) “They waxed old, and they halted from their paths.” And again, (Ps. vi. 7. ap. LXX.) “I have become old in the midst of all mine enemies.” And again, (Dan. xiii. 52. Hist. Susan.) “O thou that art become old in evil days.” So also the “Leaven” is often taken for the kingdom of Heaven, although here found fault with. But in that place it is used with one aspect, and in this with another.

[11.] But I have a strong conviction that the saying about the leaven refers also to the priests who suffer a vast deal of the old leaven to be within, not purging out from their borders, that is, out of the Church, the covetous, the extortioners, and whatsoever would exclude from the kingdom of Heaven. For surely covetousness is an “old leaven;” and whenever it lights and into whatsoever house it enters, makes it unclean: and though you may gain but little by your injustice, it leavens the whole of your substance. Wherefore not seldom the dishonest gain being little, hath cast out the stock honestly laid up however abundant. For nothing is more rotten than covetousness. You may fasten up that man’s closet with key, and door, and bolt: you do all in vain, whilst you shut up within covetousness, the worst of robbers, and able to carry off all.

“But what,” say you, “if there are many covetous who do not experience this?” In the first place, they will experience it, though their experience come not immediately. And should they now escape, then do thou fear it the more: for they are reserved for greater punishment. Add to this, that in the event of themselves escaping, yet those who inherit their wealth will have the same to endure. “But how can this be just,” you will say? It is quite just. For he that has succeeded to an inheritance; full of injustice, though he have committed no rapine himself, detains nevertheless the property of others; and is perfectly aware of this; and it is fair he should suffer for it. For if this or that person had robbed and you received a thing, and then the owner came and demanded it back; would it avail you in defence to say that you had not seized it?  By no means. For what would be your plea when accused! tell me. That it was another who seized it? Well: but you are keeping possession. That it was he who robbed? But you are enjoying it. Why these rules even the laws of the heathen recognise, which acquitting those who have seized and stolen, bid you demand satisfaction from those persons in whose possession you happen to find your things all laid up.

If then you know who are the injured, restore and do what Zacchæus did, with much increase. But if you know not, I offer you another way yet; I do not preclude you from the remedy. Distribute all these things to the poor: and thus you will mitigate the evil.

But if some have transmitted these things even to children and descendants, still in retribution they have suffered other disasters.

[12.] And why speak I of things in this present life? In that day at any rate will none of these things be said, when both appear naked, both the spoiled and the spoilers. Or rather not alike naked. Of riches indeed both will be equally stripped; but the one will be full of the charges to which they gave occasion. What then shall we do on that day, when before the dread tribunal he that hath been evil entreated and lost his all is brought forward into the midst, and you have no one to speak a word for you? What will you say to the Judge? Now indeed you may be able even to corrupt the judgment, being but of men; but in that court and at that time, it will be no longer so: no, nor yet now will you be able. For even at this moment that tribunal is present: since God both seeth our doings and is near unto the injured, though not invoked: it being certain that whoever suffers wrong, however in himself unworthy to obtain any redress, yet nevertheless seeing that what is done pleases not God, he hath most assuredly one to avenge him.

“How then,” you will say, “is such an one well off, who is wicked?” Nay, it will not be so unto the end. Hear what saith the Prophet; (Ps. xxxvii. 1, 2.) “Fret not thyself because of the evil doers, because as grass they shall quickly wither away.” For where, tell me, where is he who wrought rapine, after his departure hence? Where are his bright hopes!  Where his august name? Are they not all passed and gone? Is it not a dream and a shadow, all that was his? And this you must expect in the case of every such person, both in his own person while living, and in that of him who shall come after him. But not such is the state of the saints, nor will it be possible for you to say the same things in their case also, that it is shadow and a dream and a tale, what belongs to them.

[13.] And if you please, he who spake these things, the tent-maker, the Cilician, the man whose very parentage is unknown, let him be the example we produce. You will say, “How is it possible to become such as he was?” Do you then thoroughly desire it? Are you thoroughly anxious to become such? “Yes,” you will say. Well then, go the same way as he went and they that were with him. Now what way went he? One saith, (2 Cor. xi. 27.) “In hunger, and thirst, and nakedness.” Another, (Acts iii. 6.) “Silver and gold I have none.” Thus they “had nothing and yet possessed all things.” (2 Cor. vi. 10.) What can be nobler than this saying? what more blessed or more abundant in riches?  Others indeed pride themselves on the contrary things, saying, “I have this or that number of talents of gold, and acres of land without end, and houses, and slaves;” but this man on his being naked of all things; and he shrinks not from poverty, (which is the feeling of the unwise,) nor hides his face, but he even wears it as an ornament.

Where now be the rich men, they who count up their interest simple and compound, they who take from all men and are never satisfied? Have ye heard the voice of Peter, that voice which sets forth poverty as the mother of wealth? That voice which has nothing, yet is wealthier than those who wear diadems?  For this is that voice, which having nothing, raised the dead, and set upright the lame, and drove away devils, and bestowed such gracious gifts, as those who are clad in the purple robe and lead the mighty and terrible legions never were able to bestow. This is the voice of those who are now removed into heaven, of those who have attained unto that height.

[14.] Thus it is possible that he who hath nothing may possess all men’s goods. Thus may he who possesses nothing acquire the goods of all: whereas, were we to get all men’s goods, we are bereft of all. Perhaps this saying seems to be a paradox; but it is not. “But,” you will say, “how does he who hath nothing possess all men’s goods? Doth he not have much more who hath what belongs to all?” By no means: but the contrary. For he who hath nothing commands all, even as they did. And throughout the world all houses were open to them, and they who offered them took their coming as a favor, and they came to them as to friends and kindred.  For so they came to the woman who was a seller of purple, (Acts xvi. 14.) and she like a servant set before them what she had. And to the keeper of the prison; and he opened to them all his house. And to innumerable others. Thus they had all things and had nothing: for (Acts iv. 32.) “they said that none of the things which they possessed was their own;” therefore all things were theirs. For he that considers all things to be common, will not only use his own, but also the things of others as if they belonged to him. But he that parts things off and sets himself as master over his own only, will not be master even of these. And this is plain from an example. He who possesses nothing at all, neither house, nor table, nor garment to spare, but for God’s sake is bereft of all, uses the things which are in common as his own; and he shall receive from all whatsoever he may desire, and thus he that hath nothing possesses the things of all. But he that hath some things, will not be master even of these. For first, no one will give to him that hath possessions; and, secondly, his property shall belong to robbers and thieves and informers and changing events and be any body’s rather than his. Paul, for instance, went up and down throughout all the world, carrying nothing with him, though he went neither unto friends nor kindred. Nay, at first he was a common enemy to all: but nevertheless he had all men’s goods after he had made good his entrance. But Ananias and Sapphira, hastening to gain a little more than their own, lost all together with life itself. Withdraw then from thine own, that thou mayest use others’ goods as thine own.

[15.] But I must stop: I know not how I have been carried into such a transport in speaking such words as these unto men who think it a great thing to impart but ever so little of their own. Wherefore let these my words have been spoken to the perfect. But to the more imperfect, this is what we may say, Give of what you have unto the needy. Increase your substance. For, saith He, (Prov. xix. 17.) “He that giveth unto the poor, lendeth unto God.” But if you are in a hurry and wait not for the time of recompense, think of those who lend money to men: for not even these desire to get their interest immediately; but they are anxious that the principal should remain a good long while in the hands of the borrower, provided only the repayment be secure and they have no mistrust of the borrower. Let this be done then in the present case also. Leave them with God that He may pay thee thy wages manifold. Seek not to have the whole here; for if you recover it all here, how will you receive it back there? And it is on this account that God stores them up there, inasmuch as this present life is full of decay. But He gives even here also; for, “Seek ye,” saith He, “the kingdom of heaven, and all these things shall be added unto you.” (St. Matt. vi. 33.) Well then, let us look towards the kingdom, and not be in a hurry for the repayment of the whole, lest we diminish our recompense. But let us wait for the fit season. For the interest in these cases is not of that kind, but is such as is meet to be given to God. This then having collected together in great abundance, so let us depart hence, that we may obtain both the present and the future blessings; through the grace and loving-kindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, with Whom unto the Father and the Holy Spirit be glory, power, honor, now, henceforth, and for evermore. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΙΕʹ. Ὅλως ἀκούεται ἐν ὑμῖν πορνεία, καὶ τοιαύτη πορνεία, ἥτις οὐδὲ ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ὀνομάζε ται, ὥστε γυναῖκα τινὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἔχειν. Καὶ ὑμεῖς πεφυσιωμένοι ἐστὲ, καὶ οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἐπενθήσατε, ἵνα ἐξαρθῇ ἐκ μέσου ὑμῶν ὁ τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο ποιήσας. αʹ. Ὅτε μὲν περὶ τοῦ διεσπάσθαι αὐτοὺς διελέγετο, οὐκ εὐθέως καταφορικῶς ἐχρήσατο τῷ λόγῳ, ἀλλὰ προσηνέστερον πρότερον, καὶ ὕστερον εἰς κατηγορίαν ἐτελεύτησεν, οὕτως εἰπών: Ἐδηλώθη γάρ μοι περὶ ὑμῶν, ἀδελφοί μου, ὑπὸ τῶν Χλόης, ὅτι ἔριδες ἐν ὑμῖν εἰσιν. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλ' εὐθέως πληκτικῶς, καὶ κοινοῖ ὡς οἷόν τε τὸ ὄνειδος τοῦ ἐγκλήματος. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπε, Διὰ τί ὁ δεῖνα ἐπόρνευσεν; ἀλλ', Ὅλως ἀκούεται ἐν ὑμῖν πορνεία: ἵνα μὴ ὡς ἀλλότριοι πάντη τῆς κατηγορίας ὄντες ῥᾳθυμήσωσιν, ἀλλ' ὡς τοῦ κοινοῦ πληγέντος, καὶ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας διαβληθείσης, οὕτω γένωνται ἐναγώνιοι. Οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἐρεῖ, φησὶν, ὅτι Ὁ δεῖνα ἐπόρνευσεν, ἀλλ', ὅτι Ἐν τῇ Κορινθίων Ἐκκλησίᾳ γέγονε τὸ ἁμάρτημα. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε, Τολμᾶται πορνεία, ἀλλὰ, Ἀκούεται, ἥτις οὐδὲ ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ὀνομάζεται. Καὶ γὰρ ἀεὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνικῶν ὀνειδίζει τοῖς πιστοῖς: καὶ Θεσσαλονικεῦσι γράφων ἔλεγεν: Ἕκαστος τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σκεῦος κτάσθω ἐν ἁγιασμῷ, μὴ ἐν πάθει ἐπιθυμίας, καθὼς καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ ἔθνη: καὶ Κολασσαεῦσι καὶ Ἐφεσίοις: Μηκέτι ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν, καθὼς καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ ἔθνη περιπατεῖ. Εἰ δὲ τὸ τὰ αὐτὰ αὐτοὺς ἁμαρτάνειν ἀσύγγνωστον, τὸ καὶ ὑπερβαίνειν τοὺς ἐθνικοὺς, ποῦ θήσομεν, εἰπέ μοι; Παρὰ γὰρ ἐκείνοις, φησὶν, οὐ μόνον οὐ τολμᾶταί τι τοιοῦτον, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ὀνομάζεται. Εἶδες ποῦ τὸ ἔγκλημα ἐπῆρεν; Ὅταν γὰρ τοιούτους φαίνωνται εὑρίσκοντες ἀσελγείας τρόπους, οὓς οὐ μόνον οὐ τολμῶσιν, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἴσασιν οἱ ἄπιστοι, ἄφατος τῆς ἁμαρτίας ἡ ὑπερβολή. Καὶ τὸ Ἐν ὑμῖν δὲ, ἐμφατικῶς εἴρηται, τουτέστιν, Ἐν ὑμῖν τοῖς πιστοῖς, τοῖς τοσούτων ἀπολελαυκόσι μυστηρίων, τοῖς ἀποῤῥήτων κεκοινωνηκόσι, τοῖς ἐπὶ τὸν οὐρανὸν κληθεῖσιν. Ὁρᾷς πόσης βαρυθυμίας ὁ λόγος γέμει; πόσου θυμοῦ κατὰ πάντων; Εἰ γὰρ μὴ πολλῆς ὀργῆς ἐπέπληστο, μηδὲ πρὸς πάντας ἀπετείνετο, οὕτως ἂν εἶπεν: Ἐπειδὴ ἤκουσα ὅτι ὁ δεῖνα ἐπόρνευσε, κολάσατε αὐτόν: νῦν δὲ οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλὰ πρὸς πάντας ἀποδύεται. Καὶ γὰρ εἰ μὲν προλαβόντες ἔγραψαν, ἐκεῖνα ἂν εἶπεν: ἐπειδὴ δὲ οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἔγραψαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ συνεσκίασαν τὸ σφάλμα, τούτου χάριν σφοδρότερον κέχρηται τῷ λόγῳ. Ὥστε γυναῖκα τινὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἔχειν. Διὰ τί μὴ εἶπεν, Ὥστε πορνεύειν εἰς γυναῖκα; Τὸ σφόδρα αἰσχρὸν παρῃτήσατο. Διὸ σεμνοτέρως αὐτὸ παρέδραμεν, ὡς ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν δεδηλωμένον, κἀν τούτῳ αὔξων τὸ ἔγκλημα πάλιν, καὶ δεικνὺς ὅτι τοιαῦτα τολμᾶται παρ' αὐτοῖς, ἃ οὐδὲ εἰπεῖν σαφῶς ἀνεκτὸν τῷ Παύλῳ. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ προϊὼν τῷ αὐτῷ κέχρηται τρόπῳ λέγων: Τὸν οὕτω τοῦτο κατεργασάμενον: καὶ πάλιν αἰσχύνεται καὶ ἐρυθριᾷ σαφῶς εἰπεῖν, ὅπερ καὶ ἡμῖν ἔθος ἐπὶ τῶν σφόδρα αἰσχρῶν ποιεῖν. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε, Μητρυιὰν, ἀλλὰ, Γυναῖκα πατρὸς, ὥστε πολλῷ χαλεπώτερον πλῆξαι. Καὶ γὰρ ὅταν τὰ ὀνόματα ἀρκῇ πρὸς κατηγορίαν, δι' αὐτῶν πρόεισιν, οὐδὲν προστιθείς. Καὶ μή μοι εἴπῃς, φησὶν, ὅτι εἷς ἐστιν ὁ πεπορνευκώς: κοινὸν πάντων τὸ ἔγκλημα γέγονε. Διὸ καὶ ἐπήγαγε: Καὶ ὑμεῖς πεφυσιωμένοι ἐστέ. Οὐκ εἶπε, τῷ ἁμαρτήματι (τοῦτο γὰρ ἀλογίας ἐστὶ), ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ τῇ παρ' ἐκείνου. Αὐτὸς δὲ οὐ τοῦτο τέθεικεν, ἀλλ' ἀφῆκεν αὐτὸ μέσον, ἵνα πλήξῃ μειζόνως. Καὶ σκόπει τὴν σύνεσιν Παύλου. Πρότερον καθελὼν τὴν σοφίαν τὴν ἔξωθεν, καὶ δείξας οὐδὲν οὖσαν καθ' ἑαυτὴν, κἂν μὴ ἁμάρτημα ᾖ προσκείμενον, τότε λοιπὸν καὶ περὶ τοῦ ἁμαρτήματος διαλέγεται. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ πρὸς σύγκρισιν τοῦ πεπορνευκότος, σοφοῦ τινος ἴσως ὄντος, μέγα εἶναι τὸ χάρισμα τὸ πνευματικὸν ἔφησεν, οὐδὲν ἂν μέγα ἐποίει: τὸ δὲ καὶ χωρὶς ἁμαρτίας καθελεῖν, καὶ μηδὲν οὖσαν ἀποφῆναι τὴν σοφίαν τὴν ἔξωθεν, τοῦτο ἦν δεῖξαι σφόδρα εὐτελῆ αὐτὴν οὖσαν. Διὸ πρότερον οὕτω τὴν σύγκρισιν ποιησάμενος, τότε καὶ τοῦ σφάλματος αὐτοῦ μέμνηται. Κἀκείνῳ μὲν οὐκ ἀξιοῖ διαλέγεσθαι (κἀν τούτῳ δείκνυσι τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῆς ἀτιμίας): τούτοις δέ φησιν, ὅτι Ἔδει πενθεῖν ὑμᾶς καὶ θρηνεῖν καὶ ἐγκαλύπτεσθαι: νῦν δὲ τοὐναντίον ποιεῖτε: διὸ καὶ ἐπήγαγε: Καὶ ὑμεῖς πεφυσιωμένοι ἐστὲ, καὶ οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἐπενθήσατε. Καὶ τί γέγονεν ἵνα πενθήσωμεν, φησίν; Ὅτι εἰς τὸ κοινὸν ἡ διαβολὴ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας προεχώρησε. Καὶ ἵνα τί κατορθώσωμεν πενθήσαντες; Ἵνα ἐξαρθῇ ἐξ ὑμῶν ὁ τοιοῦτος. Καὶ οὐδὲ ἐνταῦθα τίθησιν αὐτοῦ τὸ ὄνομα, μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδαμοῦ, ὅπερ ἐπὶ τῶν σφόδρα ἀτόπων ποιεῖν εἰώθαμεν. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν, Οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἐξεβάλετε, ἀλλ', ὡς ἐπὶ νόσου τινὸς καὶ λοιμοῦ, πένθους χρεία καὶ ἱκετηρίας ἐπιτεταμένης, Ἵνα ἐξαρθῇ, φησί: καὶ εὐχῇ χρήσασθαι δεῖ εἰς τοῦτο, καὶ πάντα ἐργάσασθαι ὥστε αὐτὸν ἀποτμηθῆναι. Καὶ οὐκ ἐγκαλεῖ, ὅτι οὐκ ἐδήλωσαν αὐτῷ, ἀλλ' ὅτι οὐκ ἐπένθησαν ὥστε ἐξαρθῆναι, δεικνὺς ὅτι καὶ χωρὶς τοῦ διδασκάλου τοῦτο γενέσθαι ἔδει διὰ τὴν περιφάνειαν τοῦ πλημμελήματος. Ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ ὡς ἀπὼν τῷ σώματι, παρὼν δὲ τῷ πνεύματι. βʹ. Ὅρα θυμόν: οὐδὲ ἀναμεῖναι αὐτοῦ τὴν παρουσίαν ἀφίησιν, οὐδὲ ἐκδέξασθαι αὐτὸν καὶ τότε δῆσαι, ἀλλ' ὥσπερ τινὰ λοιμὸν μέλλων ἀπελαύνειν, πρὶν ἢ διαδοθῆναι εἰς τὸ λοιπὸν σῶμα, ἐπείγεται κατασχεῖν. Διὸ καὶ ἐπάγει λέγων: Ἤδη κέκρικα ὡς παρών. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγεν, οὐ μόνον κατεπείγων αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν ἀπόφασιν, καὶ οὐκ ἀφιεὶς ἄλλο τι βουλεύσασθαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ φοβῶν, ὡς εἰδὼς τὰ ἐκεῖ γενησόμενα καὶ κριθησόμενα. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι παρεῖναι τῷ πνεύματι, ὥσπερ ὁ Ἑλισσαῖος παρῆν τῷ Γιεζῇ, καὶ ἔλεγεν: Οὐχὶ ἡ καρδία μου ἦν μετὰ σοῦ; Βαβαί! πόση τοῦ χαρίσματος ἡ δύναμις, ὅταν πάντας ὁμοῦ καὶ κατ' αὐτὸ εἶναι ποιῇ, καὶ τὰ πόῤῥωθεν εἰδέναι παρασκευάζῃ! Ἤδη κέκρικα ὡς παρών. Οὐκ ἀφίησιν αὐτοὺς ἕτερόν τι ἐννοῆσαι: Καὶ γὰρ ἐξήνεγκα τὴν ἀπόφασιν ὡς παρών: μή μοι ἀναβολὰς καὶ μελλήσεις λέγε: οὐδὲν γὰρ ἕτερον δεῖ γενέσθαι. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ πολλὴ εἶναι ἡ αὐθεντία, μηδὲ αὐθαδέστερος γένηται ὁ λόγος, ὅρα πῶς καὶ αὐτοὺς κοινωνοὺς ποιεῖ τοῦ κρίματος. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, Κέκρικα, ἐπήγαγε. Τὸν οὕτω τοῦτο κατεργασάμενον. Ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, συναχθέντων ὑμῶν καὶ τοῦ ἐμοῦ πνεύματος, σὺν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ παραδοῦναι τὸν τοιοῦτον τῷ σατανᾷ. Καὶ τί ἐστιν, Ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ; Ἀντὶ τοῦ, Κατὰ Θεὸν, μὴ ἀνθρωπίνῃ κατεχομένους προλήψει. Τινὲς δὲ οὕτως ἀναγινώσκουσι: Τὸν οὕτω τοῦτο κατεργασάμενον ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ: καὶ ὑποστίξαντες ἐνταῦθα, ἢ μέσην θέντες, οὕτως ἐπάγουσι τὸ ἑξῆς λέγοντες: Συναχθέντων ὑμῶν καὶ τοῦ ἐμοῦ πνεύματος παραδοῦναι τὸν τοιοῦτον τῷ σατανᾷ. Καί φασι τὴν ἔννοιαν ταύτην εἶναι τῆς τοιαύτης ἀναγνώσεως: Τὸν τοῦτο κατεργασάμενον, φησὶν, ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ παράδοτε τῷ σατανᾷ: τουτέστι, τὸν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐνυβρίσαντα, τὸν μετὰ τὸ γενέσθαι πιστὸν καὶ ἐπώνυμον ἐκείνης τῆς προσηγορίας τοιαῦτα τολμήσαντα, τοῦτον παράδοτε τῷ σατανᾷ. Ἐμοὶ δὲ ἡ προτέρα ἀληθεστέρα ἔκδοσις εἶναι δοκεῖ. Ποία δὴ αὕτη; Ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου συναχθέντων ὑμῶν: τουτέστιν, Αὐτοῦ τοῦ ὀνόματος ὑμᾶς συνάγοντος, ὑπὲρ οὗ συνέρχεσθε. Καὶ τοῦ ἐμοῦ πνεύματος. Πάλιν ἐπέστησεν αὐτοῖς ἑαυτὸν, ἵν' ὅταν δικάζωσιν, ὡς αὐτοῦ παρόντος, οὕτως αὐτὸν ἀποτέμωσι, καὶ μηδεὶς τολμήσῃ συγγνώμης αὐτὸν ἀξιῶσαι, εἰδὼς ὅτι Παῦλος εἴσεται τὰ γενόμενα. Εἶτα φοβερώτερον αὐτὸ ποιῶν, φησί: Σὺν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τουτέστιν, ἢ ὅτι ὁ Χριστὸς δύναται τοιαύτην ὑμῖν χάριν δοῦναι, ὡς δύνασθαι τῷ διαβόλῳ παραδιδόναι: ἢ ὅτι καὶ αὐτὸς μεθ' ὑμῶν κατ' αὐτοῦ φέρει τὴν ψῆφον. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἐνδοῦναι τὸν τοιοῦτον τῷ σατανᾷ, ἀλλὰ, Παραδοῦναι, ἀνοίγων αὐτῷ τῆς μετανοίας τὰς θύρας, καὶ ὥσπερ παιδαγωγῷ τὸν τοιοῦτον παραδιδούς. Καὶ πάλιν. Τὸν τοιοῦτον, καὶ οὐδαμοῦ ἀνέχεται τῆς προσηγορίας αὐτοῦ μνημονεῦσαι. Εἰς ὄλεθρον τῆς σαρκός. Ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τοῦ μακαρίου Ἰὼβ γέγονεν, ἀλλ' οὐχ ὑπὲρ τῆς αὐτῆς ὑποθέσεως. Ἐκεῖ μὲν γὰρ ὑπὲρ στεφάνων λαμπροτέρων, ἐνταῦθα δὲ ὑπὲρ ἁμαρτημάτων λύσεως, ἵνα μαστίξῃ αὐτὸν ἕλκει πονηρῷ ἢ νόσῳ ἑτέρᾳ. Καὶ μὴν ἀλλαχοῦ φησιν, ὅτι Ὑπὸ τοῦ Κυρίου κρινόμεθα, ταῦτα πάσχοντες. Ἀλλ' ἐνταῦθα μᾶλλον καθάψασθαι θέλων, τῷ σατανᾷ παραδίδωσι. Καὶ τοῦτο δὲ Θεῷ δοκοῦν ἐγίνετο, ὥστε κολάζεσθαι αὐτοῦ τὴν σάρκα. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀδηφαγίας καὶ τῆς τρυφῆς τῆς κατὰ τὴν σάρκα ἐπιθυμίαι τίκτονται, ταύτην κολάζει. Ἵνα τὸ πνεῦμα σωθῇ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ. Τουτέστιν, ἡ ψυχή: οὐχ ὡς ταύτης σωζομένης μόνης, ἀλλ' ὡς ὁμολογουμένου τούτου, ὅτι σωζομένης ἐκείνης, ἀναντιῤῥήτως καὶ τὸ σῶμα κοινωνήσει τῆς σωτηρίας. Καὶ γὰρ θνητὸν δι' αὐτὴν ἐγένετο ἁμαρτοῦσαν: κἂν αὐτὴ δικαιοπραγήσῃ, πάλιν πολλῆς καὶ αὐτὸ ἀπολαύσεται δόξης. Τινὲς δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ χάρισμά φασιν, ὅπερ σβέννυται ἁμαρτανόντων ἡμῶν. Ἵν' οὖν τοῦτο μὴ γένηται, φησὶ, τιμωρείσθω, ἵνα ταύτῃ βελτίων γενόμενος, ἐπισπάσηται τὴν χάριν, καὶ εὑρεθῇ σώαν αὐτὴν ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ παρεχόμενος. Ὥστε κηδομένου μᾶλλόν ἐστι καὶ ἰατρεύοντος, οὐχὶ κόπτοντος ἁπλῶς, οὐδὲ κολάζοντος εἰκῆ καὶ μάτην. Μεῖζον γὰρ τὸ κέρδος τῆς τιμωρίας: ἡ μὲν γὰρ πρόσκαιρος, τὸ δὲ διηνεκές. Καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἶπεν, Ἵνα τὸ πνεῦμα σωθῇ, ἀλλ', Ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ. Καλῶς αὐτοὺς καὶ εὐκαίρως τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης ἀναμιμνήσκει, ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ προθυμότερον ἔλθωσιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἰατρείαν, κἀκεῖνος καταδέξηται μᾶλλον, οὐχ ὡς ὀργῆς ῥήματα ὄντα, ἀλλ' ὡς πατρὸς κηδεμονικοῦ πρόνοιαν. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο, Καὶ εἰς ὄλεθρον τῆς σαρκὸς, εἶπεν: ἤδη τῷ διαβόλῳ νόμους τιθεὶς, καὶ οὐκ ἀφεὶς αὐτὸν περαιτέρω προβῆναι: ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἰὼβ ἔλεγεν ὁ Θεός: Πλὴν τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ μὴ ἅψῃ. γʹ. Εἶτα ἀπαρτίσας τὴν ἀπόφασιν, καὶ ἐν βραχεῖ αὐτὴν εἰπὼν καὶ οὐκ ἐνδιατρίψας, ἐπάγει πάλιν ἐπιτίμησιν, πρὸς ἐκείνους ἀποτεινόμενος: Οὐ καλὸν τὸ καύχημα ὑμῶν: δεικνὺς ὅτι ἐκεῖνοι μέχρι τοῦ παρόντος οὐκ εἴασαν αὐτὸν μετανοῆσαι, καυχώμενοι ἐπ' αὐτῷ. Εἶτα δηλοῖ ὅτι οὐκ ἐκείνου φειδόμενος μόνον τοῦτο ποιεῖ, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτῶν τούτων: διὸ καὶ ἐπάγει: Οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι μικρὰ ζύμη ὅλον τὸ φύραμα ζυμοῖ; Εἰ γὰρ καὶ ἐκείνου τὸ ἁμάρτημα, φησὶν, ἀλλ' ἀμελούμενον δύναται καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν τῆς Ἐκκλησίας σῶμα λυμήνασθαι. Ὅταν γὰρ ὁ πρῶτος ἁμαρτὼν μὴ δῷ δίκην, ταχέως καὶ ἕτεροι ταῦτα πλημμελήσουσι. Ταῦτα δὲ λέγει, δεικνὺς ὅτι ὑπὲρ ὅλης τῆς Ἐκκλησίας, οὐχ ὑπὲρ ἑνὸς αὐτοῖς ἐστιν ὁ ἀγὼν καὶ ὁ κίνδυνος: διὸ καὶ τῆς εἰκόνος ἐδεήθη τῆς ζύμης. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐκείνη, φησὶ, καὶ βραχεῖα οὖσα, ὅλον πρὸς ἑαυτὴν μεταβάλλει τὸ φύραμα: οὕτω καὶ οὗτος, ἂν ἀφεθῇ ἀτιμώρητος καὶ ἀνεκδίκητος ἡ ἁμαρτία αὕτη γένηται, καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς λυμανεῖται. Ἐκκαθάρατε τὴν παλαιὰν ζύμην. Τουτέστι, τὸν πονηρὸν τοῦτον: μᾶλλον δὲ οὐ περὶ τούτου μόνον φησὶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἄλλους αἰνίττεται. Οὐ γὰρ πορνεία μόνον παλαιὰ ζύμη, ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσα κακία. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε, Καθάρατε, ἀλλ', Ἐκκαθάρατε: μετὰ ἀκριβείας καθάρατε, ὥστε μηδὲ λείψανον μηδὲ σκιὰν εἶναι τοιαύτην. Τῷ μὲν οὖν εἰπεῖν, Ἐκκαθάρατε, δείκνυσιν ἔτι πονηρίαν παρ' αὐτοῖς οὖσαν: τῷ δὲ εἰπεῖν, Ἵνα ἦτε νέον φύραμα, καθώς ἐστε ἄζυμοι, δηλοῖ καὶ ἐμφαίνει οὐ σφόδρα πολλῶν κρατοῦσαν τὴν κακίαν. Εἰ δὲ λέγει, Καθώς ἐστε ἄζυμοι, οὐ τοῦτο λέγει, ὅτι πάντες ἦσαν καθαροὶ, ἀλλὰ καθὼς πρέπει εἶναι ὑμᾶς. Καὶ γὰρ τὸ πάσχα ἡμῶν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἐτύθη, Χριστός. Ὥστε ἑορτάζωμεν μὴ ἐν ζύμῃ παλαιᾷ, μηδὲ ἐν ζύμῃ κακίας καὶ πονηρίας, ἀλλ' ἐν ἀζύμοις εἰλικρινείας καὶ ἀληθείας. Οὕτω καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ζύμην τὴν διδασκαλίαν ἐκάλεσε. Καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ ἐπιμένει τῇ μεταφορᾷ, ἀναμιμνήσκων παλαιᾶς αὐτοὺς ἱστορίας, καὶ πάσχα καὶ ἀζύμων καὶ τῶν εὐεργεσιῶν τῶν τότε καὶ τῶν νῦν, καὶ τῶν κολάσεων καὶ τῶν τιμωριῶν. Ἑορτῆς ἄρα ὁ παρὼν καιρός. Καὶ γὰρ εἰπὼν, Ἑορτάζωμεν, οὐκ ἐπειδὴ Πάσχα παρῆν, οὐδὲ ἐπειδὴ ἡ Πεντηκοστὴ, ἔλεγεν, ἀλλὰ δεικνὺς ὅτι πᾶς ὁ χρόνος ἑορτῆς ἐστι καιρὸς τοῖς Χριστιανοῖς διὰ τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῶν δοθέντων ἀγαθῶν. Τί γὰρ οὐ γέγονεν ἀγαθόν; ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος γέγονε διὰ σέ: θανάτου σε ἀπήλλαξεν, εἰς βασιλείαν ἐκάλεσεν. Ὁ τοιούτων τοίνυν ἐπιτυχὼν σὺ καὶ ἐπιτυγχάνων, πῶς οὐκ ὀφείλεις ἑορτάζειν πάντα τὸν βίον; Μηδεὶς τοίνυν ἔστω κατηφὴς ἐπὶ πενίᾳ καὶ νόσῳ καὶ ἐπιβουλῇ: ἑορτῆς γὰρ ἡμῶν ὁ καιρὸς ἅπας. Διό φησιν ὁ Παῦλος: Χαίρετε ἐν Κυρίῳ, χαίρετε, πάλιν ἐρῶ, χαίρετε. Ἐν ταῖς ἑορταῖς οὐδεὶς ῥυπαρὰ ἐνδέδυται ἱμάτια: μὴ τοίνυν μηδὲ ἡμεῖς: γάμοι γὰρ γεγόνασι, γάμοι πνευματικοί. Ὡμοιώθη γὰρ, φησὶν, ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν ἀνθρώπῳ βασιλεῖ, ὅστις ἠθέλησε ποιῆσαι γάμους τῷ υἱῷ αὐτοῦ. Ἔνθα δὲ βασιλεὺς γάμους ποιεῖ, καὶ γάμους τῷ υἱῷ, τί μεῖζον ἂν γένοιτο τῆς ἑορτῆς ταύτης; Μηδεὶς τοίνυν ῥάκια περιβεβλημένος εἰσίτω. Οὐ περὶ ἱματίων ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος, ἀλλὰ περὶ πράξεων ἀκαθάρτων. Εἰ γὰρ, πάντων λαμπρὰ ἐνδεδυμένων, εἷς μόνος εὑρεθεὶς εἰς τὸν γάμον ῥυπαρὰ ἔχων, ἀπεῤῥίφη μετὰ ἀτιμίας, ἐννόησον ὅσην ἀπαιτεῖ τὴν ἀκρίβειαν καὶ τὴν καθαρότητα ἡ εἰς τὸν γάμον ἐκεῖνον εἴσοδος. Οὐ διὰ ταῦτα δὲ αὐτοὺς μόνον ὑπομιμνήσκει τῶν ἀζύμων, ἀλλὰ καὶ δεικνὺς τὴν συγγένειαν τῆς Παλαιᾶς πρὸς τὴν Καινὴν, δεικνὺς δὲ καὶ ὅτι οὐκ ἔνι μετὰ τὰ ἄζυμα πάλιν εἰς Αἴγυπτον εἰσελθεῖν, ἀλλ' ἂν ὑποστρέψαι βουληθῇ τις, τὰ αὐτὰ πείσεται ἐκείνοις: σκιὰ γὰρ ἐκεῖνα τούτων, κἂν ἀναισχυντῇ ὁ Ἰουδαῖος. Διόπερ κἂν ἐρωτήσῃς αὐτὸν, οὐδὲν μέγα ἐρεῖ: μᾶλλον δὲ μέγα μὲν ἐρεῖ, ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον οἷον ἡμεῖς, ἐπειδὴ τὴν ἀλήθειαν οὐκ οἶδεν. Ἐκεῖνος μὲν γὰρ ἐρεῖ, ὅτι τοὺς κατέχοντας Αἰγυπτίους οὕτω μετέβαλεν ὁ Θεὸς, ὥστε αὐτοὺς ἡμᾶς προσεξωθεῖν τοὺς πρὸ τούτου κατέχοντας ἡμᾶς πρὸς βίαν, καὶ μὴ συγχωρήσαντας ζυμῶσαι τὸ φύραμα. Ἂν δὲ ἐμέ τις ἔρηται, οὐκ Αἴγυπτον ἀκούσεται οὐδὲ τὸν Φαραὼ, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἐλευθερίαν τῆς πλάνης τῶν δαιμόνων καὶ τοῦ σκότους τοῦ διαβόλου: οὐχὶ Μωϋσέα, ἀλλὰ τὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ Υἱόν: οὐχὶ Ἐρυθρὰν θάλασσαν, ἀλλὰ βάπτισμα μυρίων γέμον ἀγαθῶν, ἔνθα ὁ παλαιὸς ἄνθρωπος ἀπεπνίγη. Πάλιν τὸν Ἰουδαῖον ἂν ἐρωτήσῃς, τίνος ἕνεκεν ἐξελαύνει πάντων τῶν ὁρίων τὴν ζύμην, ἐνταῦθα καὶ σιγήσεται καὶ οὐδὲ αἰτίαν ἐρεῖ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὰ μὲν τύποι τῶν μελλόντων ἦσαν, καὶ αἰτίας εἶχε τῶν γινομένων, τὰ δὲ οὐκέτι, ἵνα μὴ ἐξῇ κακουργεῖν Ἰουδαίοις, ἵνα μὴ ἐπιμένωσι τῇ σκιᾷ. Τί γὰρ, εἰπέ μοι, βούλεται τὸ ἄρσεν, καὶ τὸ ἄμωμον, καὶ τὸ ἐνιαυσιαῖον, καὶ τὸ, Ὀστοῦν οὐ συντριβήσεται; τί δὲ βούλεται τὸ καὶ τοὺς γείτονας καλεῖν; ἢ τὸ, ἑστῶτας, ἢ τὸ ἐν ἑσπέρᾳ ἐσθίειν; ἢ τὸ, τῷ αἵματι τειχίζεσθαι τὴν οἰκίαν; Οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἐκεῖνος ἐρεῖ, ἀλλ' ἄνω καὶ κάτω τὴν Αἴγυπτον. Ἐγὼ δὲ ἐρῶ καὶ τὸ αἷμα τί βούλεται, καὶ ἡ ἑσπέρα, καὶ τὸ πάντας ἐσθίειν ὁμοῦ, καὶ τὸ ἑστῶτας πάντας. δʹ. Πρότερον δὲ εἴπωμεν, διὰ τί ἐκ τῶν ὁρίων πάντων ἐλαύνεται ἡ ζύμη. Τί οὖν ἐστι τὸ αἴνιγμα; Πάσης πονηρίας ἀπηλλάχθαι δεῖ τὸν πιστόν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος ἀπόλλυται, ἔνθα ἂν εὑρεθῇ παλαιὰ ζύμη, οὕτω καὶ παρ' ἡμῖν ἔνθα ἂν εὑρεθῇ πονηρία. Οὐ γὰρ δήπου ἐπὶ μὲν τῆς σκιᾶς τοσαύτη ἡ κόλασις, ἐπὶ δὲ ἡμῶν οὐ πολλῷ μείζων. Εἰ γὰρ τὰς οἰκίας οὕτως ἐκκαθαίρουσι τῆς ζύμης, καὶ μυῶν ὀπὰς περιεργάζονται, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡμᾶς τὴν ψυχὴν διερευνᾶσθαι δεῖ, ὥστε πάντα λογισμὸν ἀκάθαρτον ἐκβάλλειν. Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο παρ' αὐτοῖς πρώην μὲν ἐγίνετο, νῦν δὲ οὐκέτι: πανταχοῦ γὰρ ζύμη ὅπου Ἰουδαῖος. Ἐν μέσαις γὰρ ταῖς πόλεσι τὸ ἄζυμον γίνεται, ὅπερ ἐστὶ παίγνια μᾶλλον, ἢ νόμος λοιπόν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἦλθεν ἡ ἀλήθεια, οὐκέτι χώραν ἔχουσιν οἱ τύποι. Ὥστε καὶ διὰ τοῦ παραδείγματος τούτου σφόδρα ἐξελαύνει τῆς Ἐκκλησίας τὸν πεπορνευκότα. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ μόνον, φησὶν, οὐδὲν ὠφελεῖ παρὼν, ἀλλὰ καὶ βλάπτει, τῷ κοινῷ πάλιν τοῦ σώματος λυμαινόμενος. Οὐ γὰρ οἶδέ τις πόθεν ἡ δυσωδία, κρυπτομένου τοῦ σεσηπότος, ἀλλὰ τῷ κοινῷ ταύτην λογίζεται. Διὸ καὶ κατεπείγει σφόδρα αὐτοὺς ἐκκαθᾶραι τὴν ζύμην: Ἵνα ἦτε, φησὶ, νέον φύραμα, καθώς ἐστε ἄζυμοι: καὶ γὰρ τὸ πάσχα ἡμῶν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἐτύθη Χριστός. Οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἀπέθανεν, ἀλλ' οἰκειότερον τῷ προκειμένῳ, Ἐτύθη. Μὴ ζήτει τοίνυν ἄζυμα τοιαῦτα, ἐπειδὴ μηδὲ ἀμνὸν ἔχεις τοιοῦτον: μὴ ζήτει ζύμην τοιαύτην, ἐπειδὴ μηδὲ τὰ ἄζυμά σου τοιαῦτα. Ἐπὶ μὲν οὖν τῆς ζύμης τῆς αἰσθητῆς τὸ μὲν ἄζυμον γένοιτ' ἂν ζυμωτὸν, τὸ δὲ ζυμωτὸν οὐκέτ' ἂν γένοιτ' ἄζυμον: ἐνταῦθα δὲ ἔνι τοὐναντίον τούτου γενέσθαι πάλιν: ἀλλ' ὅμως αὐτὸ οὐκ ἐδήλωσε. Καὶ θέα τὴν σύνεσιν: Ἐν τῇ προτέρᾳ Ἐπιστολῇ οὐ δίδωσιν ἐλπίδας ἐπανόδου τῷ πεπορνευκότι, ἀλλὰ πάντα αὐτοῦ τὸν βίον ἐν μετανοίᾳ κελεύει γενέσθαι, ἵνα μὴ ῥᾳθυμότερον αὐτὸν ἐργάσηται τῇ ὑποσχέσει. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπε, Παράδοτε αὐτὸν τῷ σατανᾷ, ἵνα μετανοήσας πάλιν τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ παραδοθῇ, ἀλλὰ τί; Ἵνα σωθῇ ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ. Παραπέμπει γὰρ αὐτὸν εἰς ἐκεῖνον τὸν καιρὸν, ἵνα αὐτὸν ἐναγώνιον ἐργάσηται: καὶ ὅπερ ἔμελλεν αὐτῷ χαρίζεσθαι μετὰ τὴν μετάνοιαν, οὐκ ἐκκαλύπτει, τὸν ἑαυτοῦ Δεσπότην μιμούμενος. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ Θεός φησιν, Ἔτι τρεῖς ἡμέραι, καὶ Νινευῒ καταστραφήσεται, καὶ οὐ προσέθηκεν, Ἐὰν δὲ μετανοήσῃ, σωθήσεται: οὕτω καὶ οὗτος οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἐὰν δὲ μετανοήσῃ ἀξίως, κυρώσομεν εἰς αὐτὸν ἀγάπην: ἀλλ' ἀναμένει ποιῆσαι αὐτὸν τὸ ἔργον, καὶ τότε λαβεῖν αὐτὸν τὴν χάριν. Εἰ γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς τοῦτο εἶπεν, ἐξέλυσεν ἂν αὐτοῦ τὸν φόβον: διόπερ οὐ μόνον οὐ ποιεῖ τοῦτο, ἀλλὰ διὰ τοῦ παραδείγματος τῆς ζύμης οὐδὲ ἀφίησιν αὐτὸν ἐλπίσαι ἐπάνοδον, ἀλλ' ἐκείνῃ τηρεῖ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ αὐτὸν, Ἐκκαθάρατε, λέγων, τὴν παλαιὰν ζύμην, καὶ, Μὴ ἑορτάζωμεν ἐν ζύμῃ παλαιᾷ. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ μετενόησε, μετὰ πάσης αὐτὸν εἰσήγαγε πάλιν τῆς σπουδῆς. Διὰ τί δὲ παλαιὰν καλεῖ; Ἢ διὰ τὸ τὸν πρότερον ἡμῶν βίον τοιοῦτον εἶναι: ἢ διὰ τὸ τὸ παλαιὸν ἐγγὺς εἶναι ἀφανισμοῦ, καὶ δυσῶδες ὁμοῦ καὶ αἰσχρὸν, οἷόν ἐστιν ἡ ἁμαρτία: οὔτε γὰρ ἁπλῶς διαβέβληται τὸ παλαιὸν, οὔτε ἁπλῶς ἐπαινεῖται τὸ καινὸν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὰ ὑποκείμενα. Καὶ γὰρ ἀλλαχοῦ φησιν: Οἶνος νέος, φίλος νέος: ἐὰν δὲ παλαιωθῇ, τότε μετ' εὐφροσύνης πίεσαι αὐτόν: ἐγκωμιάζων ἐπὶ φιλίας μᾶλλον τὸ παλαιὸν, ἢ τὸ νέον: καὶ πάλιν, Ὁ παλαιὸς τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐκάθητο, καὶ ἐνταῦθα πάλιν ἐπὶ ἐγκωμίων καὶ δόξης μεγίστης τὸ παλαιὸν ἐκλαμβάνων. Ἀλλαχοῦ δὲ ἐπὶ ψόγου λαμβάνει τὸ παλαιὸν ἡ Γραφή. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὰ πράγματα ποικίλα ἐστὶν ἐκ πολλῶν συγκείμενα, καὶ ἐπὶ ἀγαθοῖς καὶ ἐπὶ κακοῖς κέχρηται τοῖς αὐτοῖς, οὐ κατὰ τὸ αὐτὸ σημαινόμενον. Ὅρα γοῦν καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ ψεγόμενον τὸ παλαιόν: Ἐπαλαιώθησαν, καὶ ἐχώλαναν ἀπὸ τῶν τρίβων αὐτῶν: καὶ πάλιν, Ἐπαλαιώθην ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἐχθροῖς μου: καὶ πάλιν, Πεπαλαιωμένε ἡμερῶν κακῶν. Οὕτω καὶ ἡ ζύμη πολλάκις εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν λαμβάνεται, καίτοι γε ἐνταῦθα διαβληθεῖσα: ἀλλ' ἐκεῖ πρὸς ἕτερον, καὶ ἐνταῦθα πρὸς ἕτερον. εʹ. Ἐμοὶ δὲ δοκεῖ μάλιστα ὁ περὶ τῆς ζύμης λόγος καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἱερέας ἀποτείνεσθαι, οἳ ἀνέχονται πολλὴν ἔνδοθεν εἶναι ζύμην παλαιὰν, οὐκ ἐκκαθαίροντες ἐκ τῶν ὁρίων, τουτέστιν, ἐκ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας τοὺς πλεονέκτας, τοὺς ἅρπαγας, καὶ πᾶν ὅπερ ἂν ἐκβάλλῃ τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν. Καὶ γὰρ πλεονεξία ζύμη παλαιὰ, καὶ ὅπουπερ ἂν πέσῃ, καὶ εἰς οἵαν οἰκίαν εἰσέλθῃ, ἀκάθαρτον αὐτὴν ἐργάζεται. Κἂν μικρὰ ἐξ ἀδικίας κερδάνῃς, ὁλόκληρόν σου τὴν οὐσίαν ἐζύμωσε. Διὰ τοῦτο πολλάκις τὰ εἰσενεχθέντα κακῶς ὀλίγα, τὰ καλῶς κείμενα ἐξέβαλε πολλὰ ὄντα. Οὐδὲν γὰρ σαθρότερον πλεονεξίας: κἂν τὴν κλεῖν ἐπιθῇς τῷ τοιούτῳ ταμιείῳ, κἂν θύραν, κἂν μοχλὸν, εἰκῆ πάντα ποιεῖς, πλεονεξίαν ἔνδον τὸν χαλεπώτατον λῃστὴν ἀποκλείσας, καὶ πάντα δυνάμενον ἐξενεγκεῖν. Τί οὖν, φησὶν, ὅταν πολλοὶ πλεονεκτοῦντες μὴ ταῦτα πάσχωσι; Μάλιστα μὲν πείσονται, κἂν μὴ παρ' αὐτὰ πάθωσιν: ἂν δὲ νῦν ἐκφύγωσι, τότε φοβήθητι μᾶλλον: ἐπὶ μείζονι γὰρ κολάσει τηροῦνται. Μᾶλλον δὲ, κἂν αὐτοὶ διαφύγωσιν, ἀλλ' οἱ κληρονομήσαντες τὰ αὐτῶν τὰ αὐτὰ πείσονται. Καὶ ποῦ τοῦτο δίκαιον, φησί; Καὶ σφόδρα δίκαιον. Ὁ γὰρ διαδεξάμενος κλῆρον ἀδικίας γέμοντα, εἰ καὶ αὐτὸς μὴ ἥρπασεν, ἀλλ' ὅμως τὰ ἑτέρων ἔχει: καὶ τοῦτο πέπεισται ἀκριβῶς, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο δίκαιος ἦν παθεῖν. Εἰ γὰρ τοῦ δεῖνος ἁρπάσαντος ἔλαβες σὺ, εἶτα ἐλθὼν ὁ ἁρπαγεὶς ἀπῄτει, ἆρα ἂν ἤρκεσέ σοι εἰς ἀπολογίαν τὸ μὴ αὐτὸν ἡρπακέναι σε; Οὐδαμῶς: τί γὰρ ἂν εἶπες ἐγκαλούμενος, εἰπέ μοι; Ὅτι ἕτερος ἀπέδυσεν; ἀλλὰ σὺ κατέχεις. Ἐκεῖνος ἥρπασεν; ἀλλὰ σὺ ἀπολαύεις. Ταῦτα δὲ καὶ οἱ τῶν ἔξωθεν ἴσασι νόμοι, οἳ τοὺς ἁρπάσαντας καὶ ὑφελομένους ἀφέντες, ἐκείνους κελεύουσιν ἀπαιτεῖν παρ' οἷς ἂν εὕροι τις τὰ αὐτοῦ κείμενα ἅπαντα. Εἰ μὲν οὖν οἶδας τοὺς ἠδικημένους, ἀπόδος, καὶ ποίησον ὅπερ ἐποίησεν ὁ Ζακχαῖος μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς προσθήκης: εἰ δὲ ἀγνοεῖς, καὶ ἑτέραν σοι δίδωμι ὁδὸν, καὶ οὐκ ἀποκλείω σε τῆς θεραπείας: εἰς τοὺς δεομένους διάνειμαι ταῦτα ἅπαντα, καὶ παραμυθήσῃ καὶ οὕτω τὸ δεινόν. Εἰ δέ τινες καὶ εἰς παῖδας καὶ ἐκγόνους ταῦτα παρέπεμψαν, ἀλλ' ἕτερα ἀντὶ τούτων ἔπαθον δεινά. Καὶ τί λέγω τὰ ἐνταῦθα; Οὐ γὰρ δήπου καὶ κατ' ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν ταῦτα ἐρεῖται, ὅταν ἀμφότεροι γυμνοὶ φαίνωνται, οἵ τε ἁρπαγέντες οἵ τε ἁρπάσαντες: μᾶλλον δὲ οὐχ ὁμοίως γυμνοί. Τῶν μὲν γὰρ χρημάτων ὁμοίως ἑκάτερος γυμνὸς ἔσται, θάτερος δὲ καὶ τῶν ἐκ τούτων ἐγκλημάτων ἐμπεπλησμένος. Τί τοίνυν ποιήσομεν κατὰ τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην, ὅταν πρὸ τοῦ βήματος τοῦ φοβεροῦ ὁ κακῶς παθὼν καὶ τὰ αὐτοῦ πάντα ἀπολωλεκὼς παράγηται εἰς μέσον, σοῦ μηδένα ἔχοντος συνήγορον; τί πρὸς τὸν δικάζοντα ἐρεῖς; Νῦν μὲν γὰρ καὶ διαφθεῖραι τὸ δικαστήριον δυνήσῃ τὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἐκεῖνο δὲ τότε οὐκέτι: μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ νῦν: καὶ γὰρ καὶ νῦν πάρεστιν ἐκεῖνο τὸ δικαστήριον. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς ὁρᾷ τὰ γινόμενα, καὶ ἐγγύθεν ἐστὶ τοῖς ἀδικουμένοις καὶ μὴ καλούμενος. Ὁ γὰρ κακῶς παθὼν, κἂν αὐτὸς ἀνάξιος ᾖ τοῦ τυχεῖν τινος ἐκδικίας, ἀλλ' ὅμως, ἐπειδὴ τῷ Θεῷ τὰ γινόμενα οὐκ ἀρέσκει, ἔχει τὸν ἀμύνοντα πάντως. Πῶς οὖν, φησὶν, ὁ δεῖνα εὖ πράττει πονηρὸς ὤν; Ἀλλ' οὐκ εἰς τέλος. Ἄκουσον τί φησιν ὁ προφήτης: Μὴ παραζήλου ἐν πονηρευομένοις, ὅτι ὡσεὶ χόρτος ταχὺ ἀποξηρανθήσονται. Ποῦ γὰρ, εἰπέ μοι, μετὰ τὴν ἐντεῦθεν ἀπαγωγὴν ὁ ἁρπάσας; ποῦ αἱ λαμπραὶ ἐλπίδες; ποῦ τὸ σεμνὸν ὄνομα; οὐχὶ πάντα παρῆλθεν; οὐχὶ ὄναρ καὶ σκιὰ πάντα τὰ ἐκείνου; Τοῦτο καὶ περὶ ἑκάστου τῶν τοιούτων προσδόκα, καὶ τοῦ ζῶντος καὶ τοῦ μετ' ἐκεῖνον. Ἀλλ' οὐ τὰ τῶν ἁγίων ἀνδρῶν τοιαῦτα, οὐδὲ δυνήσῃ τὰ αὐτὰ καὶ ἐπ' ἐκείνων εἰπεῖν, ὅτι σκιὰ καὶ ὄναρ καὶ διηγήματα τὰ τούτων. Καὶ εἰ βούλει, αὐτὸν τὸν ταῦτα εἰρηκότα, τὸν σκηνοποιὸν, τὸν Κίλικα, τὸν οὐδὲ τίνος ἦν πατρὸς δῆλον, παραγάγωμεν εἰς μέσον. Καὶ πῶς δυνατὸν, φησὶ, γενέσθαι τοιοῦτον; Ὅλως γὰρ ἐπιθυμεῖς; ὅλως ἐφίεσαι καὶ βούλει γενέσθαι τοιοῦτος; Ναὶ, φησίν. Οὐκοῦν ἐλθὲ τὴν ὁδὸν, ἣν οὗτος ἦλθε, καὶ οἱ μετ' αὐτοῦ. Καὶ ποίαν ἦλθεν ὁδόν; Ὁ μέν φησιν: Ἐν λιμῷ καὶ δίψει καὶ γυμνότητι: ὁ δὲ, Ἀργύριον καὶ χρυσίον οὐχ ὑπάρχει μοι. Οὕτως οὐδὲν εἶχον, καὶ ὅμως πάντα κατεῖχον. Ϛʹ. Τί ταύτης σεμνότερον τῆς φωνῆς; τί μακαριώτερόν τε καὶ εὐπορώτερον; Ἕτεροι μὲν γὰρ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐναντίοις ἡβρύνοντο λέγοντες: Ἔχω τόσα καὶ τόσα χρυσίου τάλαντα, καὶ πλέθρα γῆς ἄπειρα καὶ οἰκίας καὶ ἀνδράποδα: οὗτος δὲ, ἐπὶ τῷ πάντων εἶναι γυμνός: καὶ οὐ καταδύεται τῇ πενίᾳ, ὅπερ πάσχουσιν οἱ ἀνόητοι, οὐδὲ ἐγκαλύπτεται, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐγκαλλωπίζεται. Ποῦ νῦν οἱ πλουτοῦντες, οἱ τόκους ἀριθμοῦντες καὶ τόκους τόκων, οἱ τὰ πάντων λαμβάνοντες, καὶ οὐδέποτε κορεννύμενοι; ἠκούσατε τῆς Πέτρου φωνῆς τῆς ἐπιδεικνυμένης πενίαν πλούτου μητέρα; τῆς οὐδὲν ἐχούσης, καὶ τῶν τὰ διαδήματα περικειμένων εὐπορωτέρας; Αὕτη γὰρ ἡ μηδὲν ἔχουσα καὶ νεκροὺς ἀνίστα, καὶ χωλοὺς διώρθου, καὶ δαίμονας ἤλαυνε, καὶ τοιαῦτα ἐχαρίζετο, ἅπερ οἱ τὴν ἁλουργίδα περιβεβλημένοι, καὶ τὰ μεγάλα καὶ φοβερὰ στρατόπεδα ἄγοντες, οὐδέποτε ἴσχυσαν: αὕτη ἡ φωνὴ τῶν εἰς οὐρανὸν ἤδη μεταστάντων, τῶν ἐκείνης ἐπειλημμένων τῆς κορυφῆς. Οὕτως ἔστι μηδὲν ἔχοντα, τὰ πάντων κατέχειν: οὕτως ἔστι μηδὲν κτώμενον, τὰ πάντων κεκτῆσθαι. Ἂν δὲ κτησώμεθα τὰ πάντων, τῶν πάντων ἀπεστερήμεθα. Τάχα αἴνιγμα τὸ εἰρημένον εἶναι δοκεῖ, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστιν. Ἀλλὰ πῶς, φησὶν, ὁ μηδὲν ἔχων, τὰ πάντων κατέχει; οὐ πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὁ τὰ πάντων ἔχων; Οὐδαμῶς, ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον ἅπαν. Ὁ γὰρ μηδὲν ἔχων πᾶσιν ἐπιτάττει, ὡς κἀκεῖνοι ἐποίουν: καὶ γὰρ αἱ κατὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην αὐτοῖς οἰκίαι ἦσαν ἀνεῳγμέναι πᾶσαι, καὶ χάριν εἶχον οἱ παρέχοντες, καὶ ὡς πρὸς φίλους καὶ συγγενεῖς ἤρχοντο. Καὶ γὰρ πρὸς τὴν πορφυροπώλιδα ἦλθον, καὶ ἐκείνη καθάπερ θεραπαινὶς τὰ ἑαυτῆς προὔθηκε: καὶ πρὸς τὸν δεσμοφύλακα, κἀκεῖνος τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῖς ἀνέῳξεν ἅπασαν: καὶ πρὸς ἑτέρους μυρίους. Οὕτω πάντα εἶχον, καὶ οὐδὲν εἶχον. Οὐδὲν γὰρ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων ἔλεγον ἴδιον εἶναι: διὰ τοῦτο πάντα ἦν αὐτῶν. Ὁ γὰρ κοινὰ τὰ ὄντα ἡγούμενος, οὐ τοῖς αὐτοῦ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς ἑτέρων χρήσεται ὡς ἰδίοις: ὁ δὲ ἀποσχίζων, καὶ ποιῶν ἑαυτὸν κύριον τῶν αὐτοῦ μόνων, οὐδὲ τούτων ἔσται κύριος. Καὶ τοῦτο ἀπὸ ὑποδείγματος δῆλον. Ὁ μηδὲν ὅλως κεκτημένος, μήτε οἰκίαν μήτε τράπεζαν μήτε περιττὸν ἱμάτιον, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸν Θεὸν πάντων ἀπεστερημένος, ὡς ἰδίοις κέχρηται τοῖς κοινοῖς, καὶ παρὰ πάντων ἅπερ ἂν θέλῃ, λήψεται: καὶ οὕτω τὰ πάντων ὁ μηδὲν ἔχων κατέχει. Ὁ δὲ ἔχων τινὰ, οὐδὲ τούτων ἔσται κύριος: οὔτε γὰρ δώσει τις τῷ κεκτημένῳ, καὶ λῃστῶν καὶ κλεπτῶν καὶ συκοφαντῶν καὶ μεταβολῆς πραγμάτων καὶ πάντων μᾶλλον ἔσται, ἢ ἐκείνου, τὰ ἐκείνου. Πᾶσαν γοῦν τὴν οἰκουμένην διέδραμεν ὁ Παῦλος, οὐδὲν ἐπιφερόμενος, οὐ πρὸς φίλους ἀπιὼν, οὐ πρὸς συνήθεις: καὶ γὰρ κοινὸς ἐν ἀρχῇ πολέμιος πᾶσιν ἦν: ἀλλ' ὅμως τὰ πάντων εἶχε μετὰ τὸ εἰσελθεῖν. Ὁ δὲ Ἀνανίας καὶ ἡ Σάπφειρα, ἵνα μικρόν τι τῶν ἰδίων κτήσωνται σπεύσαντες, πάντων ἐξέπεσον μετὰ καὶ αὐτῆς τῆς ζωῆς. Ἀπόστηθι τοίνυν τῶν σῶν, ἵνα ὡς ἰδίοις χρήσῃ τοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις. Ἀλλὰ γὰρ οὐκ οἶδα πῶς εἰς τοσαύτην ἐξηνέχθην ὑπερβολὴν, ἀνθρώποις τοιαῦτα φθεγγόμενος, οἷς ἀγαπητὸν κἂν τῶν ὄντων μεταδοῦναί τι μικρόν. Διόπερ ταῦτα μὲν ἡμῖν πρὸς τοὺς τελείους εἰρήσθω: πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ἀτελεστέρους ἐκεῖνα λέγωμεν Δότε τῶν ὄντων τοῖς δεομένοις, αὐξήσατε τὴν οὐσίαν. Ὁ γὰρ διδοὺς πτωχῷ, φησὶ, δανείζει Θεῷ. Εἰ δὲ ἐπείγῃ, καὶ οὐκ ἀναμένεις τὸν καιρὸν τῆς ἀντιδόσεως, ἐννόει τοὺς τὰ χρήματα ἀνθρώποις δανείζοντας. Οὐδὲ γὰρ οὗτοι παραχρῆμα βούλονται τοὺς τόκους ἀπολαβεῖν, ἀλλὰ πλείονα ἐπιθυμοῦσι χρόνον μεῖναι παρὰ ταῖς τοῦ δανεισαμένου χερσὶ τὸ κεφάλαιον, μόνον ἐὰν ἀσφαλὴς ἡ ἀπόδοσις ᾖ, καὶ μὴ ὑποπτεύωσι τὸν εἰληφότα. Τοῦτο τοίνυν καὶ ἐνταῦθα γινέσθω: ἄφες αὐτὰ παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ, ἵνα ἀποδῷ σοι τὸν μισθὸν πολλαπλασίω. Μὴ ἐνταῦθα τὸ πᾶν ζήτει: ἂν γὰρ ἐνταῦθα αὐτὸ ἀπολάβῃς ὅλον, πῶς ἀπολήψῃ ἐκεῖ; Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ἐκεῖ ταμιεύεται, ἅτε ἐπικήρου τοῦ παρόντος βίου τυγχάνοντος. Δίδωσι δὲ καὶ ἐνταῦθα: Ζητεῖτε γὰρ, φησὶ, τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν, καὶ ταῦτα πάντα προστεθήσεται ὑμῖν. Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς πρὸς ἐκείνην βλέπωμεν, καὶ μὴ ἐπειγώμεθα πρὸς τὴν ἁπάντων ἀντίδοσιν, ἵνα μὴ ἐλαττώσωμεν τὴν ἀμοιβὴν, ἀλλ' ἀναμένωμεν τὸν καιρόν. Οὐ γὰρ τοιοῦτοι οὗτοι οἱ τόκοι, ἀλλ' οἵους εἰκὸς παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ δίδοσθαι. Τούτους τοίνυν συναγαγόντες μετὰ δαψιλείας πολλῆς, οὕτως ἐντεῦθεν ἀπέλθωμεν, ἵνα καὶ τῶν παρόντων καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπιτύχωμεν ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι δόξα, κράτος, τιμὴ, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.