Chapter XVI.

To confirm what has been said above about rewards and punishments, he adds that it is not strange if there is no reward reserved for some in the future; for they do not labour here nor struggle. He goes on to say also that for this reason temporal goods are granted to these persons, so that they may have no excuse whatever.

59. Is not he unjust who gives the reward before the end of the contest? Therefore the Lord says in the Gospel: “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.”74    S. Matt. v. 3. He said not: “Blessed are the rich,” but “the poor.” By the divine judgment blessedness begins there whence human misery is supposed to spring. “Blessed are they that hunger, for they shall be filled; Blessed are they that mourn, for they shall be comforted; Blessed are the merciful, for God will have mercy on them; Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God; Blessed are they that are persecuted for righteousness’ sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven; Blessed are ye when men shall revile you, and persecute you, and shall say all manner of evil against you for righteousness’ sake. Rejoice and be exceeding glad, for plentiful is your reward in heaven.”75    S. Matt. v. 4 ff. A reward future and not present,—in heaven, not on earth,—has He promised shall be given. What further dost thou expect? What further is due? Why dost thou demand the crown with so much haste, before thou dost conquer? Why dost thou desire to shake off the dust and to rest? Why dost thou long to sit at the feast before the course is finished? As yet the people are looking on, the athletes are in the arena, and thou—dost thou already look for ease?

60. Perhaps thou sayest: Why are the wicked joyous? why do they live in luxury? why do they not toil with me? It is because they who have not put down their names to strive for the crown are not bound to undergo the labours of the contest. They who have not gone down into the race-course do not anoint themselves with oil nor get covered with dust. For those whom glory awaits trouble is at hand. The perfumed spectators are wont to look on, not to join in the struggle, nor to endure the sun, the heat, the dust, and the showers. Let the athletes say to them: Come, strive with us. The spectators will but answer: We sit here now to decide about you, but you, if you conquer, will gain the glory of the crown and we shall not.

61. They, then, who have devoted themselves to pleasures, luxury, robbery, gain, or honours are spectators rather than combatants. They have the profit of labour, but not the fruits of virtue. They love their ease; by cunning and wickedness they heap up riches; but they will pay the penalty of their iniquity, though it be late. Their rest will be in hell, thine in heaven; their home in the grave, thine in paradise. Whence Job said beautifully that they watch in the tomb,76    Job xxi. 32. for they cannot have the calm of quiet rest which he enjoys who shall rise again.

62. Do not, therefore, understand, or speak, or think as a child; nor as a child claim those things now which belong to a future time. The crown belongs to the perfect. Wait till that which is perfect is come, when thou mayest know—not through a glass as in a riddle, but face to face77    1 Cor. xiii. 12.—the very form of truth made clear. Then will be made known why that person was rich who was wicked and a robber of other men’s goods, why another was powerful, why a third had many children, and yet a fourth was loaded with honours.

63. Perhaps all this happens that the question may be asked of the robber: Thou wast rich, wherefore didst thou seize on the goods of others? Need did not force thee, poverty did not drive thee to it. Did I not make thee rich, that thou mightest have no excuse? So, too, it may be said to a person of power: Why didst thou not aid the widow, the orphans also, when enduring wrong? Wast thou powerless? Couldst thou not help? I made thee for this purpose, not that thou mightest do wrong, but that thou mightest check it. Is it not written for thee “Save him that endureth wrong?”78    Ecclus. iv. 9. Is it not written for thee: “Deliver the poor and needy out of the hand of the sinner”?79    Ps. lxxxii. [lxxxi.] 4. It may be said also to the man who has abundance of good things: I have blessed thee with children and honours; I have granted thee health of body; why didst thou not follow my commands? My servant, what have I done to thee, or how have I grieved thee? Was it not I that gave thee children, bestowed honours, granted health to thee? Why didst thou deny me? Why didst thou suppose that thy actions would not come to my knowledge? Why didst thou accept my gifts, yet despise my commands?

64. We can gather the same from the example of the traitor Judas. He was chosen among the Twelve Apostles, and had charge of the money bag, to lay it out upon the poor,80    S. John xii. 6. that it might not seem as though he had betrayed the Lord because he was unhonoured or in want. Wherefore the Lord granted him this office, that He might also be justified in him; he would be guilty of a greater fault, not as one driven to it by wrong done to him, but as one misusing grace.

CAPUT XVI.

Confirmato quod supra de praemiis et poenis dictum fuerat, subjungitur non mirum esse si quibus merces in futuro non destinatur, hic illi non laborent neque 0041A confligant: additurque ideo temporalia bona ipsis concedi, ne qua relinquatur excusatio.

59. Nonne injustus est, qui ante dat praemium, quam certamen fuerit absolutum? Ideoque Dominus in Evangelio ait: Beati pauperes spiritu, quoniam ipsorum est regnum coelorum (Matth. V, 3). Non dixit: Beati divites, sed pauperes. Inde incipit beatitudo judicio divino, ubi aerumna aestimatur humana. Beati qui esuriunt, quia ipsi saturabuntur. Beati qui lugent, quoniam ipsi consolationem habebunt. Beati misericordes, quoniam ipsis miserebitur Deus. Beati mundo corde, quoniam ipsi Deum videbunt. Beati qui persecutionem patiuntur propter justitiam, quoniam ipsorum est regnum coelorum. Beati estis, cum vobis maledicent, et persequentur, et dicent omne malum adversum 0041B vos, propter justitiam. Gaudete et exsultate quoniam merces vestra copiosa est in coelo (Ibid., 5 et seq.). Futuram, non praesentem: in coelo, non in terra mercedem promisit esse reddendam. Quid alibi poscis, quod alibi debetur? quid praepropere coronam exigis, antequam vincas? quid detergere pulverem? quid requiescere cupis? quid epulari gestis, antequam stadium solvatur? Adhuc populus spectat, adhuc athletae in scammate sunt, et tu jam otium petis.

60. Sed forte dicas: Cur impii laetantur? cur luxuriantur? cur etiam ipsi non mecum laborant? Quoniam qui non subscripserint ad coronam, non tenentur ad laborem certaminis: qui in stadium non descenderint, non se perfundunt oleo, non oblinunt 0041C pulvere. Quos manet gloria, exspectat injuria. Unguentati spectare solent, non decertare: non solem, aestus, pulverem, imbresque perpeti. Dicant ergo et ipsis athletae: Venite, nobiscum laborate. Sed respondebunt spectatores: Nos hic interim de vobis judicamus: vos autem sine nobis coronae, si viceritis, gloriam vindicabitis.

61. Isti igitur qui in deliciis, qui in luxuria, rapinis, quaestibus, honoribus, studia posuerunt sua, spectatores magis sunt quam praeliatores. Habent lucrum laboris, fructum virtutis 18 non habent. Fovent otium, astutia et improbitate aggerant divitiarum acervos: sed exsolvent, seram licet, nequitiae suae poenam. Horum requies in infernis, tua vero in coelo: horum domus in sepulcro, tua in paradiso. Unde pulchre vigilare eos in tumulo Job 0041D dixit (Job. XXI, 32); quia soporem quietis habere non possunt, quem ille dormivit, qui resurrexit.

62. Noli igitur ut parvulus sapere, ut parvulus 0042A loqui, ut parvulus cogitare, ut parvulus vindicare ea quae sunt posterioris aetatis. Perfectorum est corona. Exspecta, ut veniat quod perfectum est, quando non per speciem in aenigmate, sed facie ad faciem formam ipsam redopertae veritatis possis agnoscere. Tunc qua causa ille dives fuerit, qui erat improbus et raptor alieni, qua causa potens alius, qua causa ille abundaverit liberis, ille fultus honoribus, revelabitur.

63. Fortasse ut dicatur raptori: Dives eras, qua causa aliena rapiebas? Egestas non compulit, inopia non coegit. Nonne ideo te divitem feci, ut excusationem habere non possis? Dicatur etiam potenti: Cur non adfuisti viduae, orphanis quoque injuriam patientibus? Numquid tu infirmus eras? Numquid non poteras subvenire? Ideo te feci potentem, ut 0042B non inferres violentiam, sed repelleres. Non tibi scriptum est: Eripe injuriam accipientem (Eccli. IV, 9)? Non tibi scriptum est: Pauperem, et egenum de manu peccatoris liberate (Psal. LXXXI, 4)? Dicatur etiam abundanti: Liberis, et honoribus cumulavi te, salubritatem corporis concessi tibi; cur non secutus es praecepta mea? Famule meus, quid feci tibi, aut quid contristavi te? Nonne ego tibi liberos dedi, honores contuli, salutem donavi; cur me negabas? Cur aestimabas quod ad scientiam meam quae gereres non pervenirent: cur tenebas dona mea, despiciebas mandata mea (Mich. VI, 3 et seq.).

64. Denique de Juda proditore haec colligere licet, qui et apostolus inter duodecim electus est, 0042C et loculos pecuniarum quas pauperibus erogaret, commissos habebat, ne videretur aut quasi inhonorus, aut quasi egenus Dominum prodidisse. Et ideo ut justificaretur in eo Dominus, haec ei contulit; ut non quasi injuria exasperatus, sed quasi praevaricatus gratiam, majori esset offensae obnoxius.